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9. nAmapadagaLu
9.1 munnOTa
mUladrAviDadalli nAmabEru, kriyAbEru mattu guNabEru embudAgi mUru rItiya bErugaLidduvu. I mUru rItiya bErugaLindalU nAmapadagaLannu paDeyalu sAdyavittu. avugaLalli nAmabErugaLannu hAgeyE avakke yAva oTTannU sErisade nAmapadavAgi baLasalu sAdyavittu. udAharaNegAgi, *kay, *AL, *Ur, *kaN, *kAl, *pal ‘hallu’, *peN ‘hengasu’, mUladrAviDada modalAdavu I rIti baLakeyAgaballa nAmabErugaLu.
kannaDadallU intaha halavu nAmabErugaLiddu, avannu yAva oTTina sahAyavU illade hAgeyE nAmapadavAgi baLasalu sAdyavide. udAharaNegAgi, bErige halavacanavannu sUcisuva gaL oTTu (kaNgaL), koneyannu sUcisuva vibakti oTTu (kaNge), modalAduvannu nEravAgi sErisalu sAdyavide.
haLegannaDadalli
kriyAbErugaLalliyU halavannu hAgeyE (endare avakke ‘sonne’ oTTannu sErisi) nAmapadavAgi baLasalu sAdyavittu; kannaDadalliyU idu sAdyavide. udAharaNegAgi, hADu, uri, beLe, uguLu, kemmu, guDugu, tappu modalAduvannu kriyApadagaLAgi nAmapadagaLAgiyU baLasalu sAdyavide. (hADu pada avanu ondu hADannu hADida
mAtravallade
vAkyadalli modalige nAmapadavAgi baLakeyAgide mattu adara anantara kriyApadavAgiyU baLakeyAgide). intaha halavAru bErugaLu kannaDadallive.
I mUru rItiya (nAma, kriyA mattu guNa) bErugaLigU kelavu padaracaneya oTTugaLannu sErisi nAmapadagaLannu paDeyalu sAdyavittu. udAharaNegAgi, mUladrAviDada kA ‘kADu’ nAma bErige *Tu oTTannu sErisuvudara mUlaka kannaDada kADu nAmapadavannu, mUladrAviDada *vil ‘mAru’ kriyAbErige *ay oTTannu sErisuvudara mUlaka kannaDada bele (<vilay) nAmapadavannu mattu mUladrAviDada per ‘doDDa’ guNabErige *may oTTannu kannaDada hemme sErisuvudara mUlaka (<perumay) paDeyalAgideyembudannu nAmapadavannu gamanisabahudu.
mUru
idallade, I
bEru(pada)gaLigU nAmapadagaLannu sErisi jODupadagaLannu tayArisuva vidAnavU mUladrAviDadalli baLakeyalliddirabEku. udAharaNegAgi, *eL ‘eLLu’ mattu *ney ‘eNNe, tuppa’ emba eraDu mUladrAviDa nAmapadagaLa sErikeyinda kannaDada eNNe nAmapadavannu, *vAv ‘kittukoLLu’ (kriyApada) mattu *yAl ‘prANi’ (nAmapada)gaLa sErikeyinda kannaDada bAvali nAmapadavannu mattu *veL ‘biLi’ (guNapada) mattu *ney ‘tuppa’ (nAmapada)gaLa sErikeyinda kannaDada beNNe nAmapadavannu tayArisiruvalli I vidAnada baLakeyAgide.
mattu
kriyAbEru
nAmabEru,
9.2 nAmapadagaLa oLaracane
mUladrAviDada nAmapadagaLa oLaracaneyalli mEle sUcisida guNabErugaLu baLakeyAguttiddirabEku embudAgi kalpisikoLLalAgideyAdarU, ivugaLalli kriyAbErugaLa baLakeya viSayadalli mAtravE iduvarege heccina samSOdanegaLu naDedive.
uLida bErugaLa, adarallU samSOdane
nAmabErugaLa baLakeya viSayadalli heccina naDeyadiruvudakke antaha samSOdanege ivattina drAviDa nuDigaLa sahAya sigadiruvudE kAraNavirabEku (9.2.1 nODi). I mUru rItiya bErugaLa mUlaka nAmapadagaLannu racisuva vidAnaventahadu embudannu keLage vivarisalAgide.
kriyAbEru
nAmabErugaLella,
9.2.1 nAmabErugaLinda nAmapadagaLu
mUladrAviDada mattu guNabErugaLa hAge, ondu ulikanteyavugaLAgiddirabEkembudu ivattina kalpaneyAgide. Adare, sadyakke idu bariya kalpane mAtra. yAkendare, ondakkinta jAsti ulikanteyiruva handi, uguru, hoge, nUrAru nAmapadagaLalli bErannu oTTininda pratyEkisalu ivattina drAviDa nuDigaLu sahAyakavAguvudilla.
kaNaja, giDuga
modalAda
kALaga,
udAharaNegAgi, kannaDada handi padakke mUladrAviDadalli entaha bEru mattu oTTugaLa sErike kAraNavAgirabahudembudannu kalpisikoLLuvudu sulabavalla. I pada mUladrAviDadalli *panRi emba rUpadalliddirabahudendu hELabahudEnO nija; Adare adaralli bandiruva oTTu i embudE illavE Ri embudE
embudannu tiLiyalu ivattina drAviDa nuDigaLalli AdAra siguvudilla.
hAgAgi, I viSayadalli heccina samSOdane naDedu, mUla drAviDada nAmapadagaLalli baraballa nAmabErugaLa mattu avuga Londige baraballa oTTugaLa svaSTavAda citraNa siguvavaregU mUla drAviDada nAmabErugaLella namma ASayavaSTE allade ulikanteyavAgiddirabEkembudu tiLuvaLikeyAgalAradu.
idE kAraNakkAgi, kriyAbEru illavE guNabErugaLinda paDe yalu sAdyavilladantaha uguru, hoge, kALaga, kaNaja modalAda nUrAru nAmapadagaLa oLaracaneyalli entaha nAmabEru mattu oTTugaLa baLakeyAgide mattu avu kannaDada caritreyalli yAva rItiya badalAvaNegaLigella oLagAgive embudannu vivarisalu sadyakkantU namage sAdyavAgadu.
kannaDadallEnE baLakeyAguva nAmapadagaLannu hOlisi nODi dAga illavE avannu tamiLu padagaLondige hOlisi nODidAga, avugaLa oLaracaneyalli keLage sUcisidantaha kelavu oTTugaLu baLakeyAgiruvudannu UhisikoLLalu sAdyavide. Adare, ivugaLalli yAva oTTugaLannu mUladrAviDakkU sAdya embudannu tiLiyalu heccina samSOdane naDesuva avaSyakateyide.
kalpisikoLLalu
(1) a oTTu: keLagina padagaLalli I oTTige ‘sambandisiruva
vyakti’ emba artavide.
eggu ‘nAcuge’
kAdal
egga ‘heDDa’ kATa ‘kADinavanu’
keppu ‘kivuDu’
tuDugu ‘kaLLatana’ birudu
aDi ‘kAlina aDi’
keppa ‘kivuDa’ tuDuga ‘kaLLa’ biruda ‘biruduLLava’ aDiya ‘sEvaka’
Adare konDe : konDeya ‘cADi’, imbu ‘uLiyuva jAga’: imba ‘agala’, nIr ‘nIra’ : Ira ‘tEva’ modalAda bEre kelavu padagaLalli I oTTige mElina artavilla.
(2) i oTTu: kelavu padagaLalli idu a oTTige badalAgi baruttiddu, sUcisaballudu. ivugaLalli kelavakke u oTTinalli konegoLLuva guNapadavannU koDalu sAdyavide.
ganDu-heNNu artabEdavannu
nAmapada
guNapada
kuruDa
kuLLa kivuDa
maruLa
hucca
heDDa
heNNu
kuruDi
kuLLi maruLi
hucci
kuruDu kuLLu kivuDu arasu(tana) maruLu huccu heDDu
Adare, muduka-muduki, ajja-ajji modalAda bEre konegoLLuva
padagaLige intaha u oTTinalli
kelavu
beDagu-beDagi, basiRu-basiRi guNapadagaLilla. idallade modalAda bEre kelavu padagaLige a oTTinalli konegoLLuva ganDusannu sUcisuva padavU illa.
keLage koTTiruva bEre kelavu padagaLalli i oTTige bEreyE
artagaLive.
sUDu ‘hullina kaTTu’ sUDi ‘hullina cikka kaTTu’’ nAr ‘nAru’’
puruL ‘yOgyate’’ puruLi ‘yOgya vyakti’’
nAri ‘billina hagga’’
tamiLu
kUn ‘‘kaDAyi’
kannaDa kUni ‘maNNina pAtre’
(3) e oTTu: kAdala-kAdale padagaLalli idakke ‘hengasu’’ emba artavideyAdarU, keLage koTTiruva bEre halavu padagaLalli bEreyE artavide.
nAL ‘dina’’
guDDa
kombu (danaddu)
pul ‘hullu’’
kunDa ‘gunDi’
koppa ‘cikka haLLi’
nALe ‘marudina’ guDDe ‘rASi’ kombe (maraddu) pulle ‘jinke’’ kunTe ‘gunDi’’ kompe ‘cikka haLLi’’
nAmapadagaLannu tayArisuvudakkAgi I oTTu kannaDadalli heccu baLakeyallide (9.3 nODi). Adare, nAmabEru illavE nAmapadagaLindalU bEre
kriyAbErugaLinda
nAmapadagaLannu keLagina udAharaNegaLinda tiLiyabahudu.
racisalu adara baLakeyAguttadeyumbudannu
puDike ‘buTTi’ gaNike ‘ganTu’
puTTi ‘buTTi’
kaN ‘kabbina ganTu’ kanDu ‘nUlina unDe’ kanDike ‘nUlina unDe’’ kuDike ‘mosara kuDike’’ koDa ‘nIrina koDa’ taDike ‘taTTi’’ taTTi ‘bidira cApe’’ horike ‘nIruLLiya sippe’’ pore ‘podaru’
halike ‘halliruva sAdana’’ pal ‘hallu’’
(5) ga oTTu: kannaDadalli idakke ondu vastu illavE viSayakke sambandisidavanu illavE ondu vastuvannu baLasuvavanu emba artavide.
ambi ‘dONi’’ pE ‘huccu’’
bEru ‘marada bEru’’ bEruga ‘bEru mAruvavanu’
ambiga ‘dONi naDesuvavanu’ IDiga ‘henDa mADuvavanu’’ hEga ‘hucca’
keLagina udAharaNegaLalli I oTTinondige i oTTU sEriruva
iga embudu bandide.
gANa ‘eNNeya gANa’’ gANiga ‘gANadavanu’’ heNNu ‘hengasu’’ bEnTe ‘bETe’
sAla ‘kaDa’’
heNNiga ‘pukka’ bEnTiga ‘bETegAra’ sAliga ‘sAla koTTavanu’
dAri ‘mArga’’
dAriga ‘prayANika’
Adare, kannaDada giDuga ‘haddu’ (tuLu: giDi) koLaga ‘gorasu’ (tamiLu: kuLampu) mattu konDe, konDega ‘cADi’ padagaLalli I oTTige mElina artavilla.
(5) ge oTTu: idu mUladrAviDada *kay oTTininda bandira bEku. kelavu padagaLalli idu i oTTinondige baruttade. kriyApadagaLinda nAmapadagaLannu tayArisuvallU I oTTina baLakeyAguttade (9.3 nODi).
caTTi ‘maNNina pAtre’’ caTTige ‘cikka caTTi’ sade ‘kasa’ niRi ‘nerige’
sedage ‘kasa’ niRige ‘nerige’
kunDa ‘taggu’’
cembu ‘tArma’
mALa ‘mElmane’’
gunDige ‘edeya taggu’ tambige ‘tArmada pAtre’’ mALige ‘mALa’
kannaDada keLagina padagaLallU I oTTu bandideyumbudannu
tamiLina padagaLu sUcisuttave.
kUn
tamiLu
kannaDa
gUge ‘gUge hakki’’ kEdige ‘kEdige hU’’ kaytay koTTige ‘haTTi’
koTTam suttige ‘koDati’ sutti
nAlige
nA, nAkku
(6) pu oTTu: kriyAbEru mattu guNabErugaLinda nAmapada
gaLannu paDeyuvallU I oTTina baLakeyAguttade.
kera ‘ekkaDa’’
gunDi ‘taggu’’
nanTu ‘sambanda’’
kerpu ‘ekkaDa’ keppu ‘kivuDu’ guNpu ‘ALa’ naNpu ‘geLetana’
keravu ‘ekkaDa’, kesu, kesavu ‘kesuvina soppu’, tiru, tiruvu ‘billina hede’, elu, eluvu ‘elubu’, maDu, maDuvu ‘koLa’ padagaLalli I oTTu vu rUpadallide.
(7) me oTTu: kelavu padagaLalli idakke ve rUpa bandide.
(ka) aDi ‘kAlina aDi’’ aDime ‘kILme’’ kAdalme ‘nalme’’
kAdal ‘nalme’
kAlu ‘kAluve’’ pal ‘hallu’
mada ‘maduve’
kAluve halive maduve
kannaDa nuDiya kulume (tamiLu: kol ‘kammAra’), oDave (tamiLu: uTay ‘sampattu’) mattu iruve (havyaka: erugu) padagaLallU me illavE ve oTTina baLakeyannu kANabahudu.
(8) l oTTu: idu
nAmapadadondige bandirabahudu illavE a oTTinondige sEri bandirabahudu. keLagina padagaLalli idarondige uccAraNeya ukAra sEride.
nEravAgi
kuDi ‘tudi’’
maTTi ‘tengina gari’’ maNNu
mada ‘maduve’
vanDu ‘kesaru’
kaN ‘bidirina ganTu’ kunca ‘kuccu’
pukku ‘aLuku’
soppu ‘sappu’’ dodde ‘uggu’
kuDilu ‘moLake’ maDalu maNalu ‘maraLu’ madal ‘maduve’’ banDalu ‘kesaru’ kaNalu ‘ganTu’ goncalu pukkalu ‘aLuku’’ toppalu ‘sappu’ todalu
keLage koTTiruva padagaLallU I oTTu bandideyumbudannu
tamiLu (mattu telugu) padagaLu sUcisuttave.
tamiLu
kannaDa
oDalu ‘mey’’ uTampu eccam iddalu
tuNDam sonDilu tadalu ‘muLLupaDi’ teRRu mIsalu ‘tegedirisiddu’ micay mUDal ‘beraNi’ muTTay vIZ bILalu telugu: ceda iddalu
(9) su oTTu: keLagina kannaDa padagaLalli I oTTu bandide embudannu avugaLa eduru koTTiruva tamiLu padagaLinda tiLiya bahudu.
tamiLu kanA, kanAvu
kannaDa
kanasu
kaDasu ‘eLeya dana’’ kaTavu poRasu ‘pArivALa’’ puRa mAsu ‘garbASaya’’ mA geNasu
9.2.2 kriyAbErugaLinda nAmapadagaLu
mUladrAviDa kriyAbErugaLinda nAmapadagaLannu paDeyuvudakkAgi halavu oTTugaLu baLakeyalliddirabEku. avugaLalli kelavannu kannaDa dallU kANabahudu.
mUladrAviDada I oTTugaLalli kannaDa halavAru badalAvaNe gaLannu mADikonDide mAtravalla, avugaLalli kelavu oTTugaLa baLakeyannu bahaLaSTu heccisikonDide.
mattu u
kriyAbErugaLu vyanjanadalli konegoLLuvuvAgiddare, avugaLa anantara a, i svaradoTTugaLannu baLasi nAmapadagaLannu paDeyalu sAdyavittu. udAharaNegAgi, keLage koTTiruva kannaDa padagaLalli I mUru svaragaLu oTTugaLAgi bandiruvudannu kANabahudu.
kriyAbEru kal ‘kali’’
nAmapada kali ‘kalitavanu’
kaNi ‘nOTa’ kuli ‘kolegAra’
ADu ‘ATavADu’ kAN ‘kANu’
kol ‘kollu’
kAy ‘kAyi biDu’ kAyi ‘kAyi’ koR ‘tunDumADu’’koRi ‘tunDu gellu’
nAmapada
kriyAbEru nUl ‘nUlu mADu’ nUlu ‘nUlu’ aRu ‘oNaguvike’ AR ‘oNagu’
ore ‘saddu mADu’ uru ‘saddu’ kiTTu ‘muTTu’
iZi ‘iLiyu’
kiDu ‘muTTuvike’ iZu ‘iLiyuvike’
kriyAbEru gel ‘gellu’’
iZ ‘eLe’ oDDu ‘rASihAku’ ettu ‘mElettu’
nAmapada gela ‘geluvu’’ iZa ‘eLeyuvike’ oDDa ‘rASi’ etta ‘ettuvike’
uruLi ‘uruTAda pAtre’, eccaRa ‘eccara’ modalAda nAma padagaLalli I oTTugaLannu nEravAgi kriyAbErugaLige sErisuva badalu, antaha kriyAbErugaLige oTTugaLannu sErisi racisiruva uruLu ‘uruLu’, eccaR ‘niddetiLi’’embantaha kriyApadagaLige sErisi nAmapadagaLannu tayArisalAgide.
(4) *ay oTTu: kannaDa padagaLalli ekAravU oTTina jAgadalli baraballudu; Adare, idu mUladrAviDada *ay oTTininda bandide.
kriyAbEru
nagu kol ‘kollu’’ kaTTu ‘gaTTiyAgu’ kiR ‘muccu’ kiTTu ‘muTTu’ kettu
nAmapada kaTTe ‘kaTTida kaTTe’ kole ‘kolluvike’ keRa ‘nIrina kere’ geDe ‘muTTuvike’ kette ‘cakke’’
tamiLu
kaTTay nakay kolay — — —
mUladrAviDadalli iddirabahudAda bEre kelavu oTTugaLannu keLage koTTiruva kannaDada nAmapadagaLalli kANabahudu.
rakArada anantara
(5) *kay oTTu: kannaDadalli idakke ge emba rUpavide; rUpavide. bErugaLondige uddavAgiruva paDedu mAtravallade kriyApadagaLondigU I oTTu baraballudu.
oTTugaLannu
kriyApada appu
koDu
nAmapada appuge adduge ‘muLuguvike’’ iDuge ‘iDuvike’’ koDuge
geluge
sArke ‘samIpisuvike’’ sAr ‘baLige baru’ aLur ‘muccu’ aLurke ‘muccuvike’ amar ‘ottAgi sEru’ amarke ‘amaruvike’
irke, ikke ‘nele’
kannaDada aRike ‘tiLivu’ (aRi ‘tiLi’), uZike ‘uLidudu’ (uZi ‘uLi’) modalAda bEre kelavu nAmapadagaLalli mUla drAviDada *(i)kkay oTTu bandiruva hAge kANisuttade.
kannaDada caritreyalli I oTTina baLake bahaLaSTu heccide. idallade, hosagannaDadalli ike emba rUpadalliruva padarUpa yAva oTTondu baLakege bandiddu, adara kriyApadadinda bEkiddarU nAmarUpagaLannu paDeyalu sAdyavide (baT 2002:96 nODi).
mUlaka
kriyApada koDu
tinnu
horaDu
nAmarUpa iruvike iLiyuvike bareyuvike koDuvike tinnuvike ADuvike horaDuvike
(6) *am oTTu: kannaDadalli idu a emba rUpadallide; idara koneyalli ondu makAra iddirabEkembudannu keLage koTTiruva tamiLu padagaLu sUcisuttave. I oTTu sEridAga,
bErugaLa koneya otte taDeyuli immaDi taDeyuliyAguttade mattu kannaDadalli I immaDi taDeyuli koraLisada otte taDeyuliyAgi kANisikoLLuttade.
nAmapada
kriyApada AZ ‘muLugu’ AZa ‘kereya ALa’
nil ‘nillu’ aDaku ottihiDi’ aDaka ‘ottuvike’ naDugu
Ota ’Oduvike’ naDuka
tamiLu
AZam nilam aTakkam ATTam OTTam naTukkam
(7) *al oTTu: hosagannaDadalli idu uccAraNegAgi banda
ukAra sEridudarindAgi alu emba rUpadallide.
kriyApada Udu ‘ubbu’
okku ‘kALannu bEpraDisu’ oTTu ‘rASimADu’ kAy ‘kAyu’
kUDu ‘sEru’
tappu
tURu ‘haniyAgi bILu’ tongu ‘nEtADu’ paDu ‘malagu’
nAmapada Udalu ‘ubbuvike’’ okkalu ‘bEpraDisuvike’ oTTalu ‘rASi’ kAvalu kUDalu ‘sEruva jAga’ tappal ‘tappu hejje’ tUralu ‘hani maLe’ tongal ‘goncalu’ paDal ‘malaguvike’’
poy ‘hoDe’ bILu
meTTu
puyal ‘hoDeta’’ bILalu meTTalu
(8) bErina giDDa svaravannu uddasvaravAgi badalAyisuvudu: mUladrAviDada kelavu kriyAbErugaLa giDDasvaravannu uddasvaravAgi badalAyisuvudara mUlakavU avannu nAmapadagaLannAgi badalA yisalu sAdyaviddirabEku. kannaDadalli I badalAvaNeyannu keLagina padagaLalli kANabahudu.
kriyApada
koDu
iDu ‘irisu’’
keDu ‘hALAgu’’ iRi ‘cuccu’
nAmapada kODu ‘koDuvike’’ IDu ‘gurige iTTudu’’ kEDu ‘pIDe’ ERu ‘gAya’
(9) ta oTTu: idu kannaDadalli ikAra mattu ekAra (mUla drAviDada ay)gaLalli konegoLLuva kriyApadagaLa anantara baLakeyAguvudE jAsti. idara anantara e (ay) oTTU baraballudu.
(ka) ta oTTina baLake:
kriyApada
nAmapada
(ca) ta oTTinondige e (*ay) oTTina baLake:
naDate
ekAra illavE ikAradalli konegoLLadiruva kriyApadagaLa keLagina
baraballudembudakke
anantaravU I udAharaNegaLannu koDabahudu.
kriyApada tappu
mEyu koyyu
negaL
pogaL
bAL
nAmapada tappita mEta koyta
negaLte pogaLte bALte
(10) pu oTTu:
kriyApada nene
nAmapada nenapu
maDipu
tIrpu
balpu
kelavu padagaLalli idu (ka) hu rUpakke mattu innu kelavu
padagaLalli (ca) vu rUpakke badalAgide.
kriyApada nene
nAmapada nenahu
muri
muruhu biguhu
sAy
mare
tiLivu sAvu geluvu marevu
(11 me (<*may) oTTu: nAmapada balume tALme sOlme kUrme geyme
kriyApada sOlu
9.2.3 guNabErugaLinda nAmapadagaLu
guNabErugaLinda nAmapadagaLannu paDeyuvudakkAgi avakke (ka) *ppu (>pu, bu, hu) illavE (ca) *may (>me) oTTugaLannu sErisiruvudakke kannaDadalli kelavu udAharaNegaLive.
guNabEru
kam kem
nAmapada karpu, kappu kampu kempu tampu
guNabEru mudu nuN nILa nEr
nAmapada kaDupu muppu biLupu nuNupu nILpu nErpu
mun
(ca) kIL
teLpu oLpu balpu
mumbu biRubu
kILme perme eLave
mel say
nal
kUrpu melpu saypu
oLuhu
nalme balme
kay-kayppuembudaralli pe (<*ppay) oTTu mattu biN-
bimmu embudaralli mu oTTu kANisuttade.
ukAradalli konegoLLuva kelavu guNapadagaLige a (<an) oTTannu sErisuva mUlaka ganDasarannu sUcisuva nAmapadagaLannu mattu i oTTannu sErisuva mUlaka hengasarannu sUcisuva nAma padagagaLannu kannaDadalli paDeyalu sAdyavide.
guNapadagaLu kuruDu
kivuDu
kuLLu
maruLu huccu
celuvu heDDu
nAmapadagaLu kunTa, kunTi kuruDa, kuruDi kivuDa, kivuDi kuLLa, kuLLi maruLa, maruLi hucca, hucci celuva, celuvi heDDa, heDDi
Adare iveraDU inDO-Aryan nuDigaLinda ittIcege erava
lAgi paDeda oTTugaLirabEku.
9.2.4 jODupadagaLa oLaracane
sErisi hosadondu padavannu eraDu padagaLannu oTTu tayArisidalli adannu jODupadavendu kareyalAguttade. idu nAmapadagaLige mAtravE sImitavAgiruva padaracaneya kramavAgide (baT 2002 nODi).
I rIti jODisiruva eraDu padagaLalli eraDaneyadu yAvA galU mUladrAviDadalli ondu nAmapadavAgiruttittu. Adare modalaneyadu nAmapadavAgirabahudu, kriyApadavAgirabahudu illavE guNapadavAgirabahudu.
I viSayavannavalambisi, mUladrAviDada jODupadagaLannu mUru gumpugaLalli hancalu sAdyavide (kruSNamUrti 2003:200 nODi). baLakeyallide (baT 2002). (1) nAmapada + nAmapada
kannaDadallU intahadE
jODupadagaLa
kaNNIru kaN + nIru
kAlALu kAlu + ALu
eL + ney
kannaDi ten ‘tenka’ + kAy tengu
(2) kriyApada + nAmapada kannaDada bAvali nAmapadavannu mUladrAviDadalli *vAv ‘kittukoLLu’ kriyApadakke *yAl ‘prANi’ nAmapadavannu sErisi tayArisirabEku (kruSNamUrti 2003:204). kannaDadalli suLigALi, surimaLe, siDimaddu, bIsugallu, nilugaDe, jArubanDi,
UrugOlu modalAda bEreyU halavu jODupadagaLannu kriyApadagaLige nAmapadagaLannu sErisi racisalAgide.
(3) guNapada + nAmapada
mun + nAL ‘dina’
per + puli mut ‘mudi’ + ajji
kem + tALi
mun + kaDa
monne hebbuli muttajji mungaDa
kannaDada mattu bEre halavu drAviDa nuDigaLa vyAkaraNagaLalli jODupadagaLa oLaracaneyannu vivarisuvudakkAgi samskrutadinda eravalAgi paDeda tatpuruSa, karmadAraya, bahuvrIhi modalAda hesarugaLannu baLasalAguttade. Adare, nijakkU I hesarugaLu drAviDa nuDigaLalli baLakeyAguva jODupadagaLa oLaracaneyannu sariyAgi vivarisalAravu.
padagaLalli
idakke kAraNavEnendare, mElina hesarugaLu jODupadagaLa angagaLAgi bandiruva eraDu yAvudu A jODupadada kEndrabinduvAgiruttade emba viSayada mEle avalambisive. Adare, mEle sUcisida hAge, drAviDa nuDigaLalli I viSayakkintalU jODupadagaLalli eraDaneya padavAgi entaha pada (nAmapadavE, kriyApadavE, guNapadavE) bandide emba viSayavE mukyavAdudarinda, adannavalambisiruva hesarugaLannu baLasuvudE oLLeyadu (baT 2002 nODi).
9.3 linga mattu vacana
nAmapadagaLa hancikege baLakeyAguva tatvavannu lingavendu kareya lAguttade. mUladrAviDadalli mattu ivattina drAviDa nuDigaLalli idu nAmapadagaLa artavannavalambiside.
lingabEda
mUladrAviDada I
vacanabEdadondige sErikonDideyundu hELabahudu. yAkendare, averaDannU mUladrAviDadalli sUcisalAguttittu. idallade, ivattina kelavu drAviDa nuDigaLalli
bEre bEre vacanagaLalli bEre bEre rItiya lingabEdavide.
mUlaka
9.3.1 eraDu lingagaLu
mUladrAviDada nAmapadagaLannu avugaLa artavannavalambisi (1) ganDasaru mattu (2) itararu (hengasaru mattu manuSyarallada itararu) embudAgi hancuva krama baLakeyalliddirabEku (kruSNamUrti 2003); tenkudrAviDa nuDigaLalli kANisuva hancike idaralli svalpa badalAvaNe mADidudarinda unTAgirabEku.
orvacanadalli aL oTTannu baLasuvudara mUlaka I nuDigaLalli hengasarannu sUcisuvudakkAgi ondu hosa lingavannu baLakege taralAyitu mattu halavacanadalli ganDusaru mAtravE iruva gumpannu sUcisuttidda ar oTTige ganDusaru mattu hengusaru oTTigiruva sUcisuva artavannU gumpannu koDalAyitu; anantara, hengasaru mAtra iruva gumpannu sUcisuva artavannU adakke koDalAyitu. I badalAyisida hancikeyE ivattu kannaDadalli baLakeyallide.
kannaDada oLanuDigaLalli mAtra, tenkudrAviDada I linga- vacanada svarUpadalli kelavu badalAvaNegaLAgive (9.3.3 nODi).
nAmapadagaLa I hancike vAkyagaLalli baruva kriyApadagaLalli, guNapadagaLalli, tOruga padagaLalli mattu eNikeya padagaLalli sUcitavAguttade.
mattu
vacanagaLiganusAravAgi orvacanadalli
udAharaNegAgi, haLegannaDada kriyApadagaLige nAmapadagaLa mUru rUpagaLive mattu halavacanadalli eraDu rUpagaLive. Adare, I kELugarannu biTTu itararannu lingabEda ADuga sUcisabEkAdAga mAtra kriyArUpagaLalli kANisikoLLuttade.
mattu
ganDasu
hengasu
orvacana
bandan
bandaL
bandudu
halavacana banduvu
ADuga mattu kELugarannu biTTu itararannu sUcisuvalli kANisuva mElina lingabEda ADuga mattu kELugarannu sUcisuvalli kANisuvudilla. udAharaNegAgi, nAn banden mattu nIn banday emberaDu vAkyagaLa mUlaka ADuga mattu kELugara baravannu sUcisalAguttade; Adare, hIge sUcisiruva illavE hengasAgirabahudu.
ganDasAgirabahudu
kELugaru
mattu
9.3.2 eraDu vacanagaLu
mEle sUcisida hAge, mUladrAviDadalli orvacana mattu halavacana embudAgi eraDu vacanagaLu baLakeyallidduvu. halavacanavannu sUcisuvudakkAgi, ganDasarannu sUcisuva padagaLa anantara *ar oTTannu sErisalAguttittu mattu itararannu sUcisuva padagaLa anantara *kaL oTTannu sErisalAguttittu.
idaralli svalpa badalAvaNe mADiruva (*Ar embudaralli ganDasarondige hengasarannU sErisiruva) baLake kannaDadallU ide (arasar, huDugaru, huDugiyaru; marangaL, elegaLu).
tenkudrAviDadalli orvacana mattu ganDasu-hengasu lingabEda iveraDannu oTTige sUcisuvudakkAgi, manuSyarannu sUcisuva kelavu padagaLa anantara *an mattu *aL oTTugaLannu sErisuva baLake yittu. kannaDadallU I oTTugaLive (magan, magaL).
kannaDada gaL oTTu karAvaLiya kelavu oLanuDigaLalli tanna
LakAravannu kaLedukonDide.
karAvaLiya oLanuDigaLu
havyaka
Anego ettugo marango
maranga
baraha AnegaLu ettugaLu maragaLu
Adare, I halavacana oTTina anantara otti hELuva ude oTTu bandAga, I rIti bidduhOgiruva LakAra tirugi kANisikoLLuttade. udAharaNegAgi, keLage koTTiruva havyaka vAkyagaLannu gamanisabahudu.
(1ka) sarkassili mUru Anego ittiddavu ‘sarkassinalli mUru AnegaLu idduvu’
(1ca) sarkassili mUru AnegaLude ittiddavu ‘sarkassinalli mUru AnegaLU idduvu’
(1ka)dalli bandiruva Anego pada (1ca)dalli AnegaL emba rUpadallE ide; adara anantara ude oTTu bandiruvudE idakke
suLyada gavDa kannaDadallU gaL oTTu LakAravannu kaLedukonDu ga rUpadalli baLakeyAguttade; Adare I rIti biddu hOgiruva LakAra vibakti oTTugaLannu sErisidAgalU kANisikoLLuttade. maranga ‘maragaLu’ : marangaLnda ‘maragaLinda’. ’ baDaga oLanuDiyallU halavacanavannu
- embudu go embudAgi badalAgide (mora ‘mara’ : morago
- ‘maragaLu’, ettu ‘ettu’ : ettugo ‘ettugaLu’, nanDu ‘EDi’
- nanDugo ‘EDigaLu’).
sUcisuva
9.3.3 lingabEdadalli badalAvaNe
karAvaLiya oLanuDigaLalli mattu baDaga kannaDadalli mEle vivarisi dantaha kannaDada lingabEda svalpa maTTige badalAgide.
(1) baDaga kannaDadalli hengasaru mattu ganDasara naDuvina vyatyAsavannu tOrisadiruva halavacanada ar oTTige antaha vyatyAsavannu tOrisadiruva baLake mAtra ide. hengasu-ganDasu vyatyAsavannu tOrisuvantaha nAmapadagaLondige adara badalu go oTTannE halavacanada oTTAgi baLasalAguttade.
kaLLa ’‘kaLLa’ karpa ‘kariya’ ssseTTi ‘seTTi’
ganDusaru kaLLago
karpago
seTTigo
hengusaru kaLLigo
karpigo
seTTicigo
vyatyAsavilla kaLLaru karparu seTTiyaru
I kAraNakkAgi, nanTastikeyannu sUcisuva hetta ‘ajja’, hette ‘ajji’, aNNa ‘aNNa’, amma ‘tAyi’ modalAda padagaLU (ganDusu-hengusu lingabEdavannu (hettago halavacanadalli ‘ajjandiru’, hettego ‘ajjiyaru’, aNNago ‘aNNandiru’, ammago ‘tAyiyaru’).
go oTTinondige baruttave
sUcisuva
(2) havyaka kannaDadalli go(ko) (<gaL) mattu ar oTTugaLa baLake bErondu rItiya badalAvaNegoLagAgide. adaralli nanTastikeyannu mUgisida akAradalli konegoLLuva padagaLondige mAtra ar oTTu baLakeyAguttade (idakke modalu nanTastikeyannu sUcisuva (9.4 nODi) nda oTTu baruttade).
sUcisuva
mattu
itara nanTastikeyannu sUcisuva padagaLondige gaL oTTu (a)kko rUpadalli baruttade; mattu itara ellA padagaLondigU adu go rUpadalli baruttade.
(ka) mUgisida akAradalli konegoLLuva nanTastikeya padagaLu:
ovracana appa ᵒ
tammaᵒ
aLiya ᵒ
halavacana appandru akkandru tammandru aLiyandru
(ca) itara nanTastikeya padagaLu: abbe ‘tAyi’
abbekko ajyakko tangekko
appacci ‘cikkappa’‘
appacyakko
(Ta) itara nAmapadagaLu: kaLLa ᵒ
mara kUsu ‘huDugi’ mane
kaLLango marango kUsugo manego
idallade, gavravavannu sUcisabEkAdallU kko oTTannu baLasalAguttade. I baLakeyannu mASTrakko, baTTakko modalAda udAharaNegaLalli kANabahudu.
suLyada gavDa kannaDadallU intahadE baLake kANisuttade. akAradalli konegoLLuva nanTastikeya padagaLondige ndar oTTu (appandar), itara nanTastikeya padagaLondige ka oTTu (atteka ‘atteyaru’), mattu itara padagaLondige ga oTTu (arsuga ‘arasaru’, kottiga ‘bekkugaLu’, maranga ‘maragaLu’) adaralli baLakeyAguttave.
9.4 nanTastikeya padagaLu
mUladrAviDadalli tande, tAyi, akka, aNNa, tamma, tangi modalAda nanTastikeyannu sUcisuva nAmapadagaLige ondu viSiSTavAda jAgavannu kalpisabEkAguttade. ivu kannaDadalli iruva hAge, bariya nanTastikeyannu mAtravE tiLisade, A nanTastike yAroDanide embudannU tiLisuttiddirabEku. idakkAgi, mUladrAviDadalli I padagaLannu en, nin mattu tan emba ADuga, kELuga mattu itararannu sUcisuva mUru ADuga padagaLondige sErisiyE baLasuttiddirabEku. ivattu I
vidAnavannu kOlAmi, kuDuk modalAda kelavE kelavu drAviDa nuDigaLu mAtra uLisikonDive. haLeya tamiLinallU intaha ADuga padagaLa baLakeyittu.
haLeya tamiLu nuntay tantay
nunkay tankay
kuDuk nimbas tambas
kannaDa nanna tande ninna tande avana tande
nanna tangi ninna tangi avana tangi
kannaDada tamma, tangi, tande mattu tAyi padagaLa suruvige baruva takAra mUladrAviDadalli ‘avana’ emba artavannu koDaballa mUladrAviDadalli adakkidda I arta kannaDadalli aLiduhOgide.
paLeyaLikeyAgide.
padada
hAgAgi, I padagaLannu kannaDadalli nanna, ninna modalAda ADuga padagaLondige sErisiyU (nanna tamma, ninna tamma modalAdavugaLalli kANisuva hAge) baLasalu sAdyavAguttide.
kannaDada nanTastikeya padagaLu innondu viSayadallU itara padagaLiginta bErAgive. Ekavacanadalli ganDasannu sUcisuva oTTu rUpadalliddirabEkendu mUladrAviDadalli kalpisalAgide. kannaDadalli mattu tenkudrAviDada itara nuDigaLalli idu an emba rUpakke badalAgide.
*anR emba
Adare nanTastikeyannu sUcisuva padagaLa halavacana rUpadalli ivattigU I oTTu anR emba rUpadallEnE (endare anR embudu anda emba mUlaka)
rUpakke badalAguva
paLeyaLikeyAgi kannaDadalli kANisikoLLuttade. tAyandiru emballi idu akAradalli konegoLLadiruva padagaLigU haraDiruva hAge kANisuttade.
mAva
aNNandiru akkandiru mAvandiru
9.5 sambandada oTTu
mUladrAviDadalli sambandada oTTembudu ondu vibaktiya oTTAgiralilla. yAkendare, nAmapadagaLannu kriyApadadondige sambandisuvudakkAgi adannu baLasuttiralilla.
sambandisabEkAdAga
idakke badalu, ondu nAmapadavannu innondu nAmapada (endare adannu eraDanE dondige nAmapadada viSESaNavAgi guNapadada jAgadalli baLasabEkAdAga), adakke I sambandada oTTannu sErisalAguttittu. kannaDadallU idE kelasakkAgi sambandada oTTannu baLasalAguttade (bekkina kaNNu, huliya hallu, huDugana kAlu). nAmapadagaLige
oTTugaLannu sErisabEkAdAgalU modalige avakke sambandada oTTannu sErisuva avaSyakateyittu. mUladrAviDada vibakti oTTugaLella modalige nAmapadagaLAgiddudE idakke kAraNavirabEku.
idallade,
9.5.1 mUladrAviDadalli sambandada oTTu
eraDu nAmapadagaLa naDuvina sambandavannu sUcisuva I oTTige mUladrAviDadalli akAra illavE ikAradondige tta illavE na embudannu (illavE averaDannU) sErisiruva *atta, *itta, *ana, *ina, *attina, *ittina, *anta modalAda halavu
rUpagaLiddirabEku. ivugaLalli yAvudannu elli baLasalAguttittu embudannu spaSTavAgi nirdarisalu innU sAdyavAgilla.
kannaDadalli I sErikegaLu hEge kANisikoLLuttave embudannu
keLage vivarisalAgide.
(1) atta/itta embudu da rUpadalli an (illavE am) embudaralli manuSyarannu konegoLLuva horatupaDisi itararannu sUcisuva padagaLa sambanda rUpadalli kANisikoLLuttade (maran - marada, polan - polada, nelan
- nelada).
mattu
(2) *ina embudu ukAradalli konegoLLuva padagaLa anantara kANisikoLLuttade (andu- andina, indu - indina, maDu - maDuvina).
(3) *ana embudu *aNa rUpadalli attaNa, ittaNa, tenkaNa, paDuvaNa, baDagaNa, mUDaNa emba I enTu padagaLalli kANisikoLLuttade. dikkannu sUcisuva mEgaNa, keLagaNa, poRagaNa, attaNa, ittaNa padagaLallU idE aNa oTTu bandide. illi nakAra NakAra hEgAyitembudu spaSTavAgilla.
(4) *anta embudu tenkudrAviDadalli anRa embudAgi badalAgiddu, kannaDadalli adara mUguli bidduhOgi ara (<aRa) endAgide. idu keLagina sannivESagaLalli kANisikoLLuttade. (ka) eNikeya padagaLu (ondara, eraDara, mUrara),
(ca) manuSyarannu biTTu itararannu sUcisuva tOruga
padagaLu (adara, idara, yAvudara),
(Ta) tu, ttu, su, TugaLalli konegoLLuva mattu
pramANavannu sUcisuva padagaLu (anitara, aSTara),
(ta) tu, ttu, dugaLalli konegoLLuva guNapadagaLu (kiridara,
doDDadara),
(pa) udu mattu adugaLalli konegoLLuva kriyArUpagaLu
(mADidudara, mADuvadara),
(ga) ella embudu (ellara), mattu
(ja) En embudu (EtaRa).
9.5.2 vibakti oTTugaLondigina baLake
mUladrAviDadalli vibaktiya oTTugaLannu nEravAgi nAmapadagaLige sErisuva badalu avugaLa sambanda rUpakke sErisalAguttittendu mEle sUcisalAgittu. mUladrAviDada vibakti oTTugaLella nAma padagaLa paLeyaLikegaLAgiddudE idakke kAraNavirabEku. I kAraNa kkAgi, avannu nAmapadagaLa anantara baLasabEkAdAgalella A nAma padagaLige sambandada oTTannu sErisi avannu viSESaNa rUpakke badalAyisabEkAgittu.
mattu
jAgagaLemba uLida
haLegannaDada nAlku vibaktigaLalli Agugavondannu biTTu suru, kone mUru vibaktigaLu mUladrAviDada I baLakeyannu uLisikonDive. avannu sUcisuva oTTugaLannu nAmapadagaLige nEravAgi sErisuva badalu, avugaLa sambandarUpadondige sErisalAguttade. Adare, Aguga oTTu mAtra nAmapadakke nEravAgi sErikoLLuttade.
sambanda magana
maganoL
kiccinoL
ATadoL
suru maganin
kiccinin
kone magange
maganan
kiccan
ATaman
adaRUL
adaRin
ettaNin
mElina udAharaNegaLalli kANisida hAge, jAga, suru mattu konegaLannu sUcisuva oL, in mattu ge oTTugaLu sEridAga, nAmapadagaLa munde in, d, aR mattu aN embavugaLu baruttave.
sambandisuva a oTTigU I nAmapadagaLa anantara in, d, aR mattu aN sEriruva rUpagaLiruvudannu modalaneya kAlannalli kANabahudu. hAgAgi, illi jAga, suru mattu kone oTTugaLu nAmapadagaLige nEravAgi sEruva badalu sambandisuva oTTina anantara sEruttaveyundu hELalu sAdyavide.
Adare, I nAmapadagaLige Agugavannu sUcisuva an oTTannu sErisidAga, in, d, aR mattu aN embavugaLu baruvudilla. A oTTannu nAmapadagaLige nEravAgi sErisalAgide.
9.5.3 kannaDada badalAvaNegaLu
sambandisuva oTTina rUpadalli mattu baLakeyalli kannaDada oLanuDi gaLu kelavu badalAvaNegaLannu mADikonDive. avugaLalli kelavannu keLage sUcisalAgide.
(1) ombattanE SatamAnakkintalU hindina kannaDa barahagaLalli sambandada oTTige A emba uddasvaraviruva rUpavittu. udAharaNegAgi, Araneya SatamAnada SAsanavondaralli bandiruva EZaneyA narakadA puZu akkum vAkyavannu gamanisabahudu.
(2) karAvaLiya oLanuDigaLalli suru mattu jAgagaLannu sUcisuva oTTugaLannu nAmapadagaLige nEravAgi sErisalAguttade. avakkU nAmapadagaLigU naDuve sambandisuva oTTu baruvudilla.
udAharaNegAgi, keLage koTTiruva havyaka kannaDada padarUpagaLannu gamanisabahudu.
(ka) suru oTTu:
havyaka kannaDa maranda
kallinda
meDinda manenda
(ca) jAga oTTu:
havyaka kannaDa maralli
kallili
meDili
maneli
baraha kannaDa maradinda kallininda miDiyinda maneyinda
baraha kannaDa maradalli kADinalli kallinalli miDiyalli maneyalli
baraha
kannaDadalli
nAmapadagaLige inda mattu alli oTTugaLannu sErisuva modalu avakke d, in modalAduvannu sErisabEkAguttade, havyaka kannaDadalli idu avaSyavilla embudannu mElina udAharaNegaLalli kANabahudu.
Adare, sambandisuva rUpadalli a embudarondige ar embudannu paDeyuva nAmapadagaLige mAtra havyaka kannaDadallU suru mattu jAga oTTugaLu nEravAgi sErade ar embudara anantara (endare nAmapadagaLa sambandisuva rUpadondige) sEruttave. havyaka kannaDada adaranda, adaralli, mUraranda,
mUraralli modalAda rUpagaLannu idakke udAharaNegaLannAgi koDabahudu. suLyada
padarUpagaLu baLakeyallive (maranda, ENinda, adaranda; marali, ENili,
kannaDadallU intahavE
gavDa
(3) baDaga kannaDadalliyU enda (<inda) oTTannu nAmapada gaLige nEravAgi sErisalu sAdyavide. Adare, A rIti paDeda padarUpagaLannu adaralli ondu kelasada ‘karaNa’ (2ka) illavE ‘kAraNa’vannu (2ca) sUcisuvudakkAgi baLasalAguttade. ‘calaneya suru’ emba artavannu koDabEkAdalli mAtra (2ta) baraha kannaDada hAge inda oTTannu sambanda oTTina anantara baLasalAguttade.
(2ka) morAnda mane keTTu ‘maradinda mane kaTTu’ (2ca) amaga danAnda haNa kiTTira ‘namage danadinda haNa sikkide’
(2ta) moraninda haNNu budda ‘maradinda haNNu bittu’
(4) karAvaLiya oLanuDigaLalli nAmapadagaLige Aguga oTTannu sErisuva modalu in mattu ar embavugaLannu (sambandisuva oTTannu) sErisuva avaSyakateyide. Adare kannaDada itara oLanuDi gaLalli idu avaSyavilla.
havyaka kannaDa
baraha kannaDa kADannu
kallina
hattara
kallannu hattannu adannu
intaha sandabhragaLalli karAvaLiya oLanuDigaLu Aguga oTTannU nEravAgi nAmapadakke sErisade avugaLa sambanda rUpakke sErisuttaveyundu mattu I viSayadalli avu mUladrAviDada baLakeyannu uLisikonDiveyundu hELalu sAdyavide.
Adare, akAradalli konegoLLuva mara, ATa modalAda padagaLige nEravAgiyE sErisalAguttade. ivugaLa AgugarUpa mattu sambandisuva rUpagaLa naDuve vyatyAsavide.
Aguga oTTannu
havyakadallU
Aguga rUpa marava
bIjava
sambandisuva rUpa marada
suLyada gavDa kannaDadallU mara padada Aguga rUpa marana
endide mattu sambandisuva rUpa marada endide.
(4) baDaga kannaDadalli sambandisuva oTTu bEre kelavu badalA vaNegaLigoLagAgide. adara da rUpa A oTTina anantara jAgavannu sUcisuva vibakti oTTu (o (<oL) embudu bandiruvalli mAtra) uLidide (kUTado ‘kUTadalli’, morado ‘maradalli’). uLideDegaLalli adakke na rUpavide (morana ‘marada’, dananinda ‘danadinda’).
idallade, ukAradalli konegoLLuva nAmapadagaLa anantaravU jAga oTTinondige baruva sambandisuva oTTige baDaga kannaDadalli da rUpavide (kADudo ‘kADinalli’, kaNNudo ‘kaNNinalli’).
9.6 vibakti oTTugaLu
nAmapada mattu kriyApadagaLa sambandagaLannu sUcisuvudakkAgi mUladrAviDadalli aydu vibaktigaLa baLakeyAgu ttiddirabEkendu kalpisalAgide. Aguga, suru, kone, jAga mattu oDane embudAgi I vibaktigaLannu hesarisabahudu. ivugaLalli modalaneya nAlku vibaktigaLu mAtra kannaDadalli uLidive.
naDuviruva
nAmapadakke eraDu
I vibaktigaLannu sUcisuva oTTugaLannu nAmapadakke sErisuva modalu, A naDuvina sambandavannu sUcisuvantaha oTTondannu sErisuva avaSyakate mUladrAviDadallittu embudannu vivarisalAgide.
nAmapadagaLa
mEle
9.6.2 oTTugaLa rUpadalli badalAvaNegaLu
mUladrAviDadalli Aguga oTTige an mattu ay embudAgi eraDu rUpagaLidduvendu kalpisalAgide. ivugaLalli modalaneyadu kannaDadalli uLidukonDide mattu eraDaneyadu tamiLinalli uLidu konDide (kannaDa: maganan; tamiLu: makanay).
manuSyarannu horatupaDisi itararannu sUcisuva nAmapadagaLa anantara I oTTannu baLasadiddarU Agabahudu embudu mUladrAviDadallEnE iddirabEku. I vyavaste kannaDadallU uLidukonDide.
(3ka) avanondu kAgada bareyuttiddAne
(3ca) avanobba huDuganannu ODisuttiddAne
(3ka)dalli kAgada embudu vastuvannu sUcisuva kAraNa, adara anantara annu oTTu bandilla; Adare (3ca)dalli huDuga embudu manuSyanannu sUcisuva kAraNa, adara anantara annu bandide (baT 2006:55 nODi).
kone oTTige mUladrAviDadalli *nkka emba rUpaviddira bEkendu kalpisalAgide. kannaDadalli idakke kke mattu ge emba eraDu rUpagaLive (marakke, manege).
itara vibakti oTTugaLige mUladrAviDadalli entaha rUpaviddira
bahudu embudinnU spaSTavAgilla.
9.6.2 kannaDada badalAvaNegaLu
sUcisuva an oTTige ombattanE (1) Agugavannu SatamAnakkintalU hindina barahagaLalli An emba udda svaraviruva rUpavittu (idAn aZivOn).
I oTTina koneyalli baruva nakAra haLegannaDada kelavu baLakegaLalli bidduhOgiruvudannu kANabahudu (tenkanADam mareyalke, tenkanADa mareyalke).
karAvaLiya kannaDa oLanuDigaLalli Aguga oTTige intaha nakAra bidduhOgiruva a emba rUpavE ide. Adare idara anantara bEre oTTu bandAga, modaligidda an rUpa kANisikoLLuttade.
udAharaNegAgi, havyaka kannaDadalli Aneya nODide ‘Ane yannu nODide’ embudaralli Agugavannu sUcisalu a oTTu bandide, Adare Aneyannude nODide ‘AneyannU nODide’
embudaralli annu oTTu bandide. Aguga oTTina anantara otti hELuva ude oTTu bandiruvudE idakke kAraNa.
baDaga kannaDadallU Aguga oTTige a rUpavide (amana ‘ava
nannu’, kUsuna ‘maguvannu’).
(2) suruvannu sUcisuva oTTige haLegannaDadalli in mattu indam (inde) emba rUpagaLidduvu; ivugaLalli eraDaneyadu hosagannaDadalli mAtra uLidukonDide.
rUpadalli)
ivattu
baDaga kannaDadalli idu karaNa illavE kAraNavannu sUcisuva enda mattu suruvannu sUcisuva inda emba eraDu oTTugaLAgi oDedideyumbudannu nODiruvevu (morAnda : moraninda; avAnda : avvinda; ninnenda : ninninda).
mEle
(3) jAgavannu sUcisuva oTTige haLegannaDadalli oLa(ge) mattu halavu
padagaLinda siddavAdantaha
alli emba eraDu rUpagaLidduvu (akkanoL, nIralli).
ivugaLalli alli embudE ivattu hosagannaDadalli jAgavannu sUcisuva oTTAgi baLakeyallide (maneyalli, kADinalli). Adare, baDaga oLanuDiyalli oL rUpa o rUpakke badalAgi uLidide ‘kiviyalli’, (kiviyU morado kADudo ‘maradalli’, maneyo ‘maneyalli’).
‘kADinalli’,
9.7 tiruLu
mUladrAviDadallidda nAmapadagaLa oLaracane kannaDadalli hEge uLidukonDide embudannu mattu mUladrAviDa nAmapadagaLa
padarUpagaLu kannaDadalli yAva rItiya badalAvaNegaLigella oLagAgive embudannu I adyAyadalli vivarisalAgide.
oTTugaLannu illavE
nAmapadagaLannu nAmabErugaLige, kriyAbErugaLige illavE mUlaka guNabErugaLige paDeyalAguttittu hAgeyE nAmapadagaLAgi baLasalU sAdyavittu. idallade, nAmapada, kriyApada illavE guNapadagaLondige nAmapadagaLannu sErisi racisida jODupadagaLannU nAmapadagaLAgi baLasalu sAdyavittu. ivellA vidAnagaLU kannaDadalli uLidukonDive.
sErisuvudara nAmabErugaLannu
mADikonDide. lingabEdavannu
nAmapadagaLinda nAmarUpagaLannu paDeyuvalli kannaDa halavu mattu badalAvaNegaLannu adarondige mattu vibakti oTTugaLannu baLasuvalli intaha badalAvaNegaLu naDediruvudannu kANabahudu.
vacanabEdavannu
tOrisuvalli