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1. munnOTa
1.1 naDedu banda dAri
ivattu nAvu mAtanADalu mattu bareyalu baLasuva kannaDa nuDi yAva dAriyAgi naDedu bandide, endare mUladrAviDa nuDiya ondu kavalinalli yAva rItiya badalAvaNegaLu naDeyuvudara mUlaka adu ‘hosagannaDa’ emba ivattina rUpavannu paDedide embudannu tiLiyuva ondu prayatnavannu I pustakadalli mADalAgide.
idakkAgi kannaDavannu adarondige ‘nanTastana’vannu tOrisuva tamiLu, malayALa, telugu, tuLu, gOnDi, kUyi, kuDuk modalAda bEre ippattu-ippattaydu drAviDa nuDigaLondige hOlisi nODalAgide. I ellA nuDigaLU ‘mUladrAviDa’ emba ondu mUla nuDiyinda beLedu bandirabEkemba kalpaneyE I prayatnakke aDigallAgide.
baraha kannaDavannu I rIti adarondige nanTastanaviruva bEre halavu nuDigaLondige hOlisuvudu mAtravallade kannaDaddE Ada halavu oLanuDigaLondigU hOlisuva mUlaka, kannaDa nuDi tanna tanavannu paDeda mEle adaralli entaha badalAvaNegaLella naDedive embudannU illi tiLiyalu prayatnisalAgide.
idakkAgi, hindina kAladinda uLidu bandiruva SAsanagaLalli mattu itara barahagaLalli kANisuva kannaDada rUpagaLannu mattu
ivattu kannaDa nADina bEre bEre UrugaLalli (adarallU kANisuva mukyavAgi oLanuDigaLalli) baLakeyalliruva kannaDada rUpagaLannu (endare kannaDada ‘oLanuDi’gaLannu) baLasikoLLalAgide.
mattu oLanADugaLalli
karAvaLi
I vyatyAsa yAva rIti irabEku embudannu sariyAgi tiLidukoLLabEkiddalli modalige ondu nuDi eraDu (illavE illavE oDedukoLLuvudu hEge embudannu tiLiyuvudu avaSya.
nuDigaLAgi badalAguvudu
heccu)
(1) ondu Urinalliruva janaralli kelavaru dUradalliruva bErondu Urige hOgi nelesidarAdare, avarigU hinde uLida varigU naDuvidda samparka pUrti kaDidu hOguttade mattu idarindAgi avaru baLasuva nuDiyalli hinde uLidavara nuDiyalli naDeyuva badalAvaNegaLiginta tIra bErAgiruva badalAvaNegaLu naDeyatoDaguttave.
idarindAgi, A eraDu UrugaLalli nelesiruva janara nuDi modalige ondu iddudu kaLedante eraDAgi oDedukoLLuttade mattu anantara I eraDu oLanuDigaLu eraDu svatantravAda nuDigaLenisuttave.
samaya
udAharaNegAgi, kannaDa nuDiyannADuttidda kelavu janaru sumAru nAnUru varSagaLaSTu hinde maysUrannu biTTu nIlagiriyalli hOgi nelesirabEku mattu anantara avarigU maysUrina hOgirabEku.
kannaDigarigU
naDuvidda
samparka
pUrti
I rIti samparka tappihOdudarindAgi maysUrinallE uLididda kannaDigara nuDiyalli naDeda badalAvaNegaLiginta tIra bErAgiruva halavu badalAvaNegaLu nIlagiriyalli nelasidavara
nuDiyalli naDedirabEku mattu idarindAgi nIlagiriyalli nelisidavara kannaDa mAtu ‘baDaga’ emba hesarina bEreyE ondu oLanuDiyAgi badalAgirabEku.
kelavara abiprAyadante baDaga embudu ivattu kannaDakkinta bErAgiruva ondu svatantravAda nuDiyAgide (hOkingsa mattu paylaT-raycUr 1992 nODi).
(2) ondu nuDiyannADuva janaru vistAravAda ondu pradESa dalli nelesiruvarAdare, adara bEre bEre jAgagaLalli bEre bEre rItiya badalAvaNegaLu naDeyaballuvu. A jAgagaLalli nelesida janara naDuve entaha samparkavittu embudara mEle idu ava lambiside.
udAharaNegAgi, kannaDavannADuva pradESavannu ‘karAvaLi’ mattu ‘oLanADu’ embudAgi mattu oLanADannu ‘baDagu oLanADu’ mattu ‘tenku oLanADu’ embudAgi vingaDisaballevu. ivugaLalli karAvaLi mattu oLanADugaLa naDuve durgamavAda paScimagaTTagaLu taDeyAgi nintive mattu I taDeyindAgi A eraDu jAgagaLalli nelesidda janara naDuve hindina kAladalli bahaLa kaDime samparkaviddirabEku.
baDagu mattu tenku oLanADugaLa naDuve intaha durgamavAda naDuviruva
taDeyillavAdarU, avugaLa eraDu antaradindAgi samparkakke svalpa maTTigina taDe bandirabEku.
tudigaLa
naDuve
karAvaLi
mattu oLanADugaLa
samparka bahaLa kaDimeyiddudarindAgi, karAvaLiya kannaDigara nuDiyalli naDeda halavu badalAvaNegaLu oLanADina kannaDigara nuDiyalli naDeyalilla mattu oLanADinalli naDeda halavu badalAvaNegaLu karAvaLiyalli naDeyalilla (1.3.1 nODi).
idarindAgi, ivattu karAvaLiya kannaDa mattu oLanADina kannaDagaLa naDuve ondu niScitavAda gaDiyiruvudannu kANabahudu. karAvaLiyinda oLanADina baDagu illavE tenku karnATakada kaDegAgi sancarisidAga, dATuttiddante ommegEnE karAvaLiya oLanuDi mugidu oLanADina oLanuDi suruvAguvudu kANisuttade.
paScimagaTTagaLannu
idakke badalu, oLanADina baDagu mattu tenku oLanuDigaLa naDuve intaha ondu niScitavAda gaDiyannu kANalu sAdyavAguvu dilla. avu baDagininda tenkakke hanta hantavAgi bErAguttA hOguttave. avugaLa naDuvina yAvudE ondu UrallU baDagu kannaDada oLanuDi kannaDada oLanuDi suruvAguttideyundu niScitavAgi hELalu sAdyavAguvudilla.
mugidu
mEle sUcisida hAge, oLanADinalli baDagu mattu tenku karnATakagaLa naDuve durgamavAda taDe yAvudU illadiruvudE I rIti A eraDu oLanuDigaLa naDuve niScitavAda gaDiyilladiralu kAraNa. bariya antara mAtravE avannu bErpaDisaballudu. hAgAgi, oLanADina janara nuDiyalli naDeda badalAvaNegaLa harahu bEreyE ondu rUpadallide.
avugaLalli naDeda kelavu badalAvaNegaLu iDI oLanADannE vyApisiveyAdare, bEre kelavu badalAvaNegaLu baDagu pradESadalli mAtra naDedive illavE tenku pradESadalli mAtra naDedive. innu kelavu badalAvaNegaLu iveraDara naDuvina pradESadalli mAtra naDedive. idarindAgi, ivattu kannaDada oLanADina oLanuDigaLu UrindUrige hanta hantavAgi bErAguttiruvudannu kANabahudu.
mUladrAviDavemba ondu nuDi kannaDa mattu adarondige nanTastikeyannu tOrisuva tamiLu, malayALa, telugu, tuLu,
koDagu, gOnDi, kuDuk modalAda sumAru ippattAru drAviDa nuDigaLAgi oDedukoLLalu mEle vivarisida eraDu rItiya vidAnagaLalli yAvudu kAraNavirabahudu embudannu Iga hELuvudu kaSTa. I eraDu rItiya vidAnagaLU oTTAgi idakke kAraNavAgirabahudu.
udAharaNegAgi, ivattu balUcistAna(pAkistAna)dalli nele siruva brAhuyI janAngada nuDi ondu svatantra nuDiyAgi badalAgalu adannADuva janaru bAratadinda balUcistAnakke valase hOdudE kAraNavAgirabahudu. Adare, tamiLu mattu malayALa nuDigaLu eraDu svatantra nuDigaLAgi badalAgalu antaha valasegintalU avannADuva janaru vAsisuva jAgagaLa naDuviruva antaravE kAraNavirabEku.
1.1.3 mUlanuDiya kalpane
eraDu nuDigaLu ondE mUlanuDiyinda beLedu bandiveyundu vAdisabEkiddalli avugaLa naDuve entaha vyatyAsagaLirabEku embudu mElina vivaraNeyinda spaSTavAguttade. A vyatyAsagaLella mUlanuDiyannADuttidda eraDu gumpugaLalli bEre bEre rItiya badalAvaNegaLu mUDibandive embudAgi tOrisikoDalu sAdyaviddalli mAtra A eraDu nuDigaLu ondE vAdisalu mUlanuDiyinda sAdyavAguttade.
beLedu bandiveyumbudAgi
naDedudarindAgi
udAharaNegAgi, kannaDa mattu tamiLu nuDigaLu tenkudrAviDa vemba mUlanuDiyinda beLedu bandiveyumbudAgi vAdisalu namage sAdyavAgide. endare, I eraDu nuDigaLa naDuve kANisuva vyatyAsagaLella kalpitavAgiruva tenkudrAviDavemba mUlanuDiya
eraDu kavalugaLalli bEre bEre rItiya badalAvaNegaLu naDeduda rindAgi mUDibandiveyumbudAgi tOrisikoDalu sAdyavAgide.
I mUlanuDiyannADuttidda janara ondu gumpinalli ondu rItiya badalAvaNegaLAdudarindAgi kannaDa nuDi siddavAgide mattu innondu badalAvaNegaLAdudarindAgi tamiLu nuDi siddavAgide embudAgi tOrisi koDalu sAdyavAgide.
gumpinalli
bEreyE
idE rItiyalli telugu, koDagu, tuLu modalAda itara drAviDa nuDigaLU mUladrAviDa nuDiyannADuttidda janara bEre bEre gumpugaLalli bEre bEre rItiya badalAvaNegaLu naDeduda rindAgi mUDibandiveyumbudAgi tOrisikoDalu sAdyavAgide.
1.1.4 vyatyAsa mattu sAmya
nuDigaLa naDuvina nanTastana I rIti avugaLa naDuviruva vyatyAsagaLu entahavu embudannu avalambisideyallade avugaLa naDuve entaha sAmyavide illavE eSTu sAmyavide embudannu avalambisilla. nuDigaLa naDuviruva nanTastike eSTu hattiraddu illavE eSTu dUraddu emba viSayadalli idondu atyanta prAmukyavAda sangati. Adare heccinavarU idannu sariyAgi artamADikonDiruvudilla.
kannaDa mattu samskruta nuDigaLa naDuve halavu rItiya sAmyagaLannu kANaballevu. karNa-kivi, mukha-mOre, modalAda halavu sAmyavideyundu padagaLa tOrabahudu; vyAkaraNadallU intaha kelavu sAmyagaLannu I eraDu nuDigaLa naDuve kANalu kaSTavAgadu.
samskruta-kannaDa
naDuve
Adare I sAmyagaLannavalambisi, samskruta mattu kannaDa nuDigaLa naDuve nanTastikeyideyundAgali illavE kannaDa samskrutadinda
(‘vikruta’gonDu)
beLedu sAdyavAgadu.
bandideyundAgali
vAdisalu
idakke kAraNavEnendare, eraDu nuDigaLa naDuvina sAmyakke halavu kAraNagaLirabahudu. avugaLoLage halavu SatamAnagaLa samparkavideyAdalli avugaLalli ondu innondarinda halavAru padagaLannu illavE vyAkaraNAmSagaLannu eravalAgi paDediralu sAdyaviddu, adarindAgi avugaLa naDuve sAmya kANisaballudu.
idallade, nuDigaLa naDuvina sAmya AkasmikavAdudAgiralU sAdyavide. ellA nuDigaLU mAnavana vikAsada ondu angavAgi mUDi bandiveyAda kAraNa, avugaLa naDuve antaha sAmya kANisuvudaralli accariyEnilla.
nuDigaLAgi
Adare nuDigaLa naDuvina nanTastikeyumbudu ondu mUlanuDi yalli bEre bEre rItiya badalAvaNegaLAdudarindAgi adu hEge halavu oDedukonDideyumbudannu tiLisabEkAgideyAda kAraNa, adakke nuDigaLa naDuvina sAmyavannu AdAravAgi koDalu sAdyavAguvudilla. A nuDigaLa naDuvina vyatyAsagaLannella ondE mUla nuDiya eraDu bEre bEre badalAvaNegaLa kavalugaLalli tOrisikoDalu sAdyavAguvudondE adakke AdAravAgaballudu.
naDeda
1.2 drAviDa nuDigaLu
ondaroDanondu nanTastanavannu tOrisuva (endare ondE mUla nuDiyinda badalAgi bandiruva) nuDigaLannella oTTige ondu ‘nuDi kuTumba’vembudAgi parigaNisalAguttade.
kannaDa, tamiLu, telugu, malayALa modalAda nuDigaLu ‘drAviDa’ emba ondu nuDikuTumbakke sEridavugaLembudannu
modalige tOrisi koTTavaru rObarTa kAlDavel (kAlDavel 1913). avara anantara I nuDikuTumbada mEle mattu adakke sErida nuDigaLa mEle halavu mandi vidvAmsaru samSOdanegaLannu naDesiddAre mattu I samSOdanegaLa mUlaka I viSaya innaSTu spaSTa mattu kacitavAguva hAge mADiddAre.
oTTu ippattArakkintalU heccu nuDigaLu I nuDikuTumbakke sEruttave. mEle sUcisida hAge, modalige I drAviDa janaralli ondE ondu mUlanuDi baLakeyalliddirabEku; anantara adannADuva I janaru bEre bEre UrugaLige hOgi (illavE ondu viSAlavAda jAgadalli nelesidudarindAgi nelesidudarindAgi), avara mAtinalli samayadinda samayakke naDeda badalAvaNegaLu bEre bEre UrugaLalli bEre bEre dikkugaLannu hiDidirabEku; mattu idarindAgi, A mUla nuDi halavu nuDigaLAgi oDedirabEku embudu vidvAmsara kalpane
modalige
kareyalAgide. adu
iddirabahudAda I
mUlanuDiyannu ‘mUladrAviDa’ endu tenkudrAviDa, naDudrAviDa mattu baDagu drAviDa emba mUru kavalugaLAgi oDediddu, avugaLalli tenkudrAviDavemba kavalininda kannaDa nuDi beLedu bandirabEku embudu ivattina halavu vidvAmsara kalpaneyAgide.
1.2.1 ivattina drAviDa nuDigaLu
tenkudrAviDa kavalininda kannaDa nuDi (janasankye: mUru kOTi) mAtravallade, tamiLu (aydu kOTi) malayALa (mUru kOTi), koDagu (93 sAvira), toda (1,600), kOta (1,400), iruLa (5,200) mattu kuRumba (5000) emba bEre ELu
nuDigaLU beLedu bandive. ivugaLalli koneya nAlku nuDigaLu (toda, kOta, iruLa mattu kuRumba) nIlagiriya guDDa kADugaLalli baLakeyallive.
idallade, karnATakada karAvaLiyalli baLakeyalliruva tuLu (hadinAru lakSa) mattu koraga (nAlku sAvira) nuDigaLU I kavalige sEruttaveyundu sadyakke tIrmAnisalAgide. Adare I viSayadalli kelavu sandEhagaLu innU uLidive. ivugaLalli tuLu nuDi tenku drAviDa nuDigaLinda halavu viSayagaLalli bErAgiddu, naDudrAviDada nuDigaLondige hattirada nanTastanavannu tOrisuva hAge kANisuttade. koraga nuDiyU kelavu viSayagaLalli baDagu drAviDa nuDigaLige samIpaviruva hAge kANisuttade. hAgAgi, I eraDu nuDigaLa viSayavAgi innaSTu samSOdanegaLannu naDesuva avaSyakateyide.
nIlagiriyalli baLakeyalliruva ‘baDaga’ embudu (janasankye: ondUkAlu lakSa) kannaDakkinta bErAgiruva ondu svatantra nuDiyumbudAgi kelavaru vAdisiddAre; Adare illi adannu kannaDada oLanuDiyundE parigaNisalAgide. idakke keLage (1.3.2)ralli vivarisalAgide.
kAraNavannu
naDudrAviDa kavalinalli telugu, gOnDi, konDa, kUyi, kUvi, pengo, manDa, kOlAmi, nAyki, nAykiDi, pArji, ollAri mattu gadaba emba hadimUru nuDigaLu sEruttave. telugu nuDiyannADuvavara janasankye sumAru ArUvare kOTi.
uLidavugaLalli gOnDi nuDi sumAru ippattanAlku lakSa janara mAtAgiddu, madyapradESa, mahArASTra, orissa mattu Andra pradESagaLalli baLakeyallide. ArUvare lakSa janara mAtAgiruva kUyi nuDi orissAdalli baLakeyallide.
kUvi nuDi sumAru eraDUvare lakSa janara mAtAgiddu, orissA mattu AndrapradESa (viSAkapaTTaNa)gaLalli baLakeyallide. konDa nuDi sumAru hadinenTu sAvira janara mAtAgiddu, AndrapradESadalli baLakeyallide. sumAru ondUvare sAvira janara mAtAgiddu, orissAda navarangapura jilleyalli baLakeyallide. adE jilleyalli baLakeyalliruva manDa nuDi eSTu janara mAtAgideyumbudinnU niScitavAgi tiLidilla.
pengO
baDagudrAviDa kavalinalli kuDuk, mAltO mattu brAhuyi emba mUru nuDigaLu sEruttave. ivugaLalli kuDuk nuDi sumAru hadinAlku lakSa janara mAtAgiddu, bihAra, madyapradESa mattu orissAgaLalli baLakeyallide. nEpALadallU I nuDiyannADuva sumAru hattu sAvira janariddAre.
sumAru ondu lakSa janara mAtAgiruva mAltO nuDi bihArada rAjamahAl guDDagaLalli baLakeyallide mattu sumAru hadinELu lakSa janara mAtAgiruva brAhuyI nuDi pAkistAnada balUcistAnadalli baLakeyallide.
I hancikeginta svalpa maTTige bErAgiruva hancikeyondannu kruSNamUrti (2003) sUcisiddAre. mEle koTTiruva tenkudrAviDa nuDigaLannu mEle naDudrAviDadalli sErisida telugu, gOnDi, konDa, kUyi, kUvi, pengo mattu manDa nuDigaLannu ‘tenkudrAviDa-2’ embudAgi parigaNisabEkendu avaru vAdisiddAre.
‘tenkudrAviDa-1’ embudAgi
mattu
ivannu biTTu uLida kOlAmi, nAyki, pArji, ollAri mattu gadaba nuDigaLannu mAtra ‘naDudrAviDa’ kavalinalli irisabEkembudu avara abiprAya. tamiLu, kannaDa modalAda nuDigaLalli naDeda
kelavu badalAvaNegaLu telugu, gOnDi, kUyi modalAda nuDi gaLallU kANisuttiruvudE avara I abiprAyakke AdAra.
gaDipradESada
1.2.2 drAviDara mUla nele
drAviDa nuDigaLannADuva janaru tenku ESyA illavE yurOp ninda ISAnya valase bandirabEkendu heccina vidvAmsarU abiprAyapaDuttAre. idu bAratakke Aryaru valase bandudakkinta sumAru eraDu sAvira varSagaLaSTu hinde naDedirabEkendU kUDa ivaru vAdisuttAre. bAratakke Aryaru valase bandudu sumAru mUrUvare sAvira varSagaLaSTu hinde.
bAratakke
mUlaka
Adare, I abiprAyagaLige samAdAnakaravAda AdAravEnU iruva hAge kANisuvudilla. drAviDa nuDigaLige urAl- AlTEyik kuTumbakke sErida hangEriyan, phinniS modalAda halavaru vidvAmsaru nuDigaLondige mattu japAnIs vAdisiddAre. idallade, ilAmayTa nuDigaLondigU drAviDa nuDigaLige nanTastanavideyundu sAdisalu kelavaru prayatnisiddAre. Adare ivugaLalli yAvudU iduvarege ellarU oppuvantaha stitige talapilla.
nanTastanavideyundu
tamiLu,
idallade, namage tiLidiruva hAge, ivattu mUladrAviDada pada mattu vyAkaraNa svarUpagaLannu heccu badalAyisade koDagu, malayALa uLisikonDiruvudu modalAda drAviDa nuDigaLannADuva janara valase bAratadalli tenku dikkininda baDagu dikkige sAgirabEkallade baDagu dikkininda tenku dikkigalla (kruSNamUrti
kannaDa, nuDigaLE.
tenkudrAviDa
1.2.3 tenkudrAviDadalli kannaDada jAga
tenkudrAviDa nuDigaLalli tuLu mattu koraga nuDigaLu motta modalige bErAgirabEku. avu halavu viSayagaLalli itara tenku drAviDa nuDigaLinda bErAgiruvudE I nirdArakke baralu kAraNa. mEle sUcisida hAge, halavu viSayagaLalli tuLu nuDi naDu drAviDa tOruvudu idE hattiravideyundu kAraNakkAgiyU irabahudu.
nuDigaLige
mElina eraDu nuDigaLa anantara, tenkudrAviDadinda kannaDa nuDi bErAgirabEku mattu adara anantara kOta hAgU toda nuDigaLu mattu AmEle koDagu mattu kuRumba nuDigaLu bErAgirabEkendu vidvAmsaru kalpisikonDiddAre. bAki uLidiruva nuDige ‘tamiLu’ emba hesaru bandiddu, adarinda ittIcege andare sumAru ondUvare sAvira varSagaLaSTu hinde iruLa mattu malayALa nuDigaLu bErAgirabEku.
nuDigaLa I caritreginta avu baLasuva lipigaLa caritre tIra bErAdudembudannu illi gamanisuvudu avaSya. kristapUrva mUranE SatamAnadalli (endare aSOkana kAladalli) prAkruta SAsanagaLannu bareyalu baLakeyAguttidda brAhmI lipiyE bAratada heccina lipigaLigU mUla. drAviDa nuDigaLu baLasuva lipigaLU idarindalE beLedu bandiveyendu vidvAmsaru nirNayakke bandiddAre.
kannaDa mattu telugu nuDigaLu baLasuttidda lipi hadinaydanE SatamAnada varegU heccu kaDime ondE lipiyAgi uLidittu. anantara adu eraDu bEre bEre lipigaLAgi oDedukonDitu. I lipigaLannu mudraNakke aLavaDisikoLLuva samayadalli avugaLa naDuve beLedu bandidda vyatyAsagaLu innaSTu spaSTavAduvu.
kannaDa mattu telugu lipigaLa naDuviruva I sAmyadindAgi, A eraDu nuDigaLa naDuveyU hattirada nanTastanavirabEkendu halavu mandi bAvisuttAre. Adare idu tappu. haLegannaDavannu haLetamiLu mattu haLetelugugaLondige hOlisi nODidAga, halavu viSaya gaLalli kannaDa nuDi telugigintalU tamiLige heccu hattiraviruvudu kanDubaruttade.
telugu nuDiyannu kannaDa, tamiLu modalAda tenkudrAviDa nuDigaLinda dUra mADuva sangatigaLalli kelavannu illi gamanisa bahudu.
vastu,
viSaya
modalAduvannu
(1) tenkudrAviDa nuDigaLalli manuSyarannu horatupaDisi itara prANi, sUcisuva nAmapadagaLondige halavacanavannu sUcisuva gaL oTTannu baLasalEbEkemba niyamavilla. avaSyaviddalli mAtra adannu baLasidare sAku. Adare telugu mattu itara naDudrAviDa nuDigaLalli halavacanada artaviruvallella I oTTannU baLasalEbEkemba niyamavide.
(2) tenkudrAviDa nuDigaLalli kANisuva avan ‘avanu’ embudu telugu mattu itara naDudrAviDa nuDigaLalli *avanR emba rUpadallide. teluginalli idu vADu endAgide.
(3) mundina samayavannu sUcisuvudakkAgi tenkudrAviDa nuDigaLalli mUladrAviDada ppa oTTu baLakeyAguvudAdare (haLegannaDada pOpem, barpem), telugu mattu itara drAviDa (cEstAnu nuDigaLalli ‘mADuttEne’). haLegannaDadalli I tta oTTu aTTuttum, oDeyuttum embantaha jODisuva rUpagaLalli mAtra uLidide. hosagannaDadalli I tta oTTu mundina samayavannu
baLakeyAguttade
sUcisuvudakkAgiyU (mADuttEne), Adare idakke kannaDadalli ittIcege naDeda badalAvaNe kAraNa (8.3.2 nODi).
baLakeyAguttadeyEnO
(4) naDudrAviDada telugu, gOnDi, konDa, kUvi, kUyi, pengo mattu manDa nuDigaLalli eraDu giDDasvaragaLiruva padagaLalli modalaneya svarada anantara T, R, l, L, r illavE Z bandideyAdare, modala svara eraDaneya svaraviddallige hOgi adarondige sEri udda svaravAguttade. ikAra mattu ekAragaLu I rIti oTTu sEridAga EkAravU, ukAra mattu okAragaLu oTTu sEridAga OkAravU doreyuttave. I badalAvaNe tenkudrAviDa nuDigaLalli naDedilla.
kannaDa
mara(n) oraLu
bare(yu) kiL (keLage) kuruDa
koZave
telugu rmAnu rOlu vrAyu, rAyu lOnu gruDDi krOvi
1.3 kannaDa nuDi oLanuDigaLAgi oDedukonDa bage
mUla tenkudrAviDadinda kannaDa ondu svatantra nuDiyAgi oDedu konDa mEle, adu halavu oLanuDigaLAgi oDedukonDide. idu yAva rItiyalli naDedirabEku embudannu adara ivattina
oLanuDigaLa pariSIlaneya mUlaka tiLidukoLLabahudu.
kANisuva
naDuve
sAmya mattu vyatyAsagaLa
mEle (1.1.2)ralli sUcisida hAge, kannaDa nuDiyannADuva janaralli kelavaru karAvaLiyallU, innu kelavaru oLanADinallU nelesirabEku mattu hIge nelesida mEle, I eraDu gumpugaLa naDuvina samparka pUrti tappi hOgirabEku. idarindAgi, anantara kannaDa nuDiyalli naDeda badalAvaNegaLalli heccinavU I eraDu pradESagaLalli tIra bErAgiruva dikkugaLalli naDedirabEku.
karAvaLi mattu oLanADugaLa oLanuDigaLAgi I rIti oDedu konDiruvudE kannaDada atyanta haLeya kavaloDetavAgide. I kavaloDetavannu bembalisuvantaha badalAvaNegaLalli kelavannu keLage 1.3.1ralli sUcisalAgide. avugaLa kuritu heccina vivaragaLannu mundina adyAyagaLalli koDalAguvudu.
I oLanuDigaLondige baDaga oLanuDiyannu hOlisidAga, kelavu viSayagaLalli adu karAvaLiya oLanuDigaLa hAge mattu kelavu viSayagaLalli oLanADina oLanuDigaLa hAge bEre kANisuttade. idakke kAraNavEnirabahudembudannu 1.3.2ralli sUcisalAgide.
1.3.1 karAvaLi mattu oLanADina oLanuDigaLu
karAvaLiya oLanuDigaLigU oLanADina oLanuDigaLigU naDuve halavu vyatyAsagaLive. ivugaLalli kelavu avugaLa naDuvina oDetavannu atyanta prAcInavAda kannaDa barahagaLindalU hindakke konDuhOguttave.
tenkudrAviDadalli
sUcisuva kriyApadagaLige t oTTannu sErisi avannu mADuvikegaLannAgi badalAyisalu sAdyavittu. oLanADina oLanuDigaLalli idu pUrti
Aguvikeyannu
illavAgide; Adare karAvaLiya havyaka oLanuDiyalli idara avaSESagaLannu halavu kriyApadagaLalli kANabahudu (7.5.4 nODi).
(2) naDuvina giDDa svaragaLu (ekAra, okAragaLu) avugaLa anantara mElina svaragaLu (i illavE u) bandAga mElina giDDa svaragaLAguvantaha badalAvaNeyondu kannaDadalli enTu- ombattanE SatamAnadalli naDedirabEkendu SAsanagaLa AdArada mEle hELalAguttade. I badalAvaNe kannaDada oLanADina oLanuDigaLalli naDedide, Adare karAvaLiya oLanuDigaLalli naDedilla (2.2.2 nODi).
(3) taDeyuliya modalu bandidda mUguli udda svarada anantara illavE eraDu giDDa svaragaLa anantara biddu hOguva badalAvaNe haLegannaDada samayadalli naDedittu. oLanADina oLanuDi gaLalli I mUguli uLidilla, Adare karAvaLiya oLanuDigaLa halavu padagaLalli adu uLidide (5.2.4 nODi).
(4) eraDu giDDa svaragaLa anantara bandidda immaDi taDeyuli haLegannaDakkintalU hindina samayadallEnE biddu hOgalu toDagirabEku. haLegannaDadalli intaha kelavu padagaLu mAtra uLidukonDive. oLanADina oLanuDigaLallU I badalAvaNe naDedide, Adare karAvaLiya havyaka kannaDadalli TakAravannu horatupaDisi itara taDeyuligaLalli adu naDedilla (4.4.5 nODi).
(5) mUladrAviDadalli ADuga mattu kELugara kUDikeyannu sUcisuvudakkAgi *yAm padavannu baLasalAguttittu mattu ADuga mattu itarara kUDikeyannu sUcisuvudakkAgi *YAm haLegannaDa padavannu baLasalAguttittu. I
vyatyAsavannu
uLisikonDide (Am mattu nAm padagaLa mUlaka) mattu karAvaLiya oLanuDigaLU uLisikonDive (havyakadalli engo mattu nAvu padagaLu idakkAgi baLakeyAguttave). Adare, oLanADina oLanuDigaLu idannu uLisikonDilla (10.2 nODi).
(6) mUladrAviDada kriyArUpagaLallU mElina vyatyAsa kANisuttiddirabEku. avugaLa koneyalli baruva *am oTTu ADuga mattu kELugara kUDikeyannu sUcisuvudAdare *em oTTu ADuga mattu (kELuganannu horatupaDisi) itarara kUDikeyannu sUcisuttade.
I vyatyAsavannu haLegannaDa uLisilla mattu oLanADina oLanuDi gaLU uLisilla. Adare karAvaLiya havyaka kannaDa bEre vidAnada mUlaka (am oTTina badalu tu oTTannu baLasuva mUlaka) uLisikonDide (8.5.3 nODi).
(7) haLegannaDada va (pa) oTTannu oLanADina oLanuDigaLu kriyApadagaLa sambandisuva rUpagaLalli (mADuva, koDuva) mAtra uLisikonDive, Adare karAvaLiya oLanuDigaLu adannu kelasavannu tiLisuva kriyArUpagaLallU uLisikonDive.
I rUpakke mundina kelasada kuritAgi ADugana Uheyannu tiLisuva arta bandideyembudu mAtra karAvaLiyalli naDeda koDuve hOpe badalAvaNe ‘koTTEnu’) (8.3.3 nODi).
‘hOdEnu’,
(havyakada
(8) haLegannaDada bandapem
‘baruttEne’, muridapem ‘muriyuttEne’ embantaha karAvaLiya oLanuDigaLalli uLidilla, oLanADina oLanuDigaLalli bandEnu, muridEnu embantaha rUpagaLalli uLidukonDive. ivugaLa arta mAtra I oLanuDigaLalli badalAgide; avu mundina kelasavannu
kriyArUpagaLu
tiLisuva badalu A kelasagaLa kuritAgi ADugana Uheyannu tiLisuttave (8.3 nODi).
(9) haLegannaDadalli mundina samayada kelasada kuritu ADugana Uheyannu sUcisuvudakkAgi kriyApadadondige kum (gum) oTTannu baLasalAguttittu. oLanADina oLanuDigaLalli I oTTu uLidilla. Adare karAvaLiya havyaka kannaDadalli idu ADuga mattu kELugarannu horatupaDisi, itarara kelasada kuritu ADugana Uheyannu sUcisuvudakkAgi baLakeyAguttade (8.3.3 nODi).
idallade, hindina samayadalli rUDiyallidda kelasavondannu sUcisuvudakkAgiyU I oTTannu haLegannaDadalli baLasalAguttittu; intahadE baLake havyakadalliyU ide.
(10) mundina samayada kelasagaLannu sUcisuvudakkAgi kannaDada ellA oLanuDigaLU kriyApadakke utta oTTannu sErisiruva rUpagaLannu baLasuttave (baDaga kannaDa idakke apavAda - 1.3.2 nODi). Adare I oTTina anantara baruva ADuga oTTina svarUpadalli karAvaLiya oLanuDigaLu oLanADina oLanuDigaLinda bErAgive.
oLanADina oLanuDigaLu Agu kriyApadada mundina samayada rUpagaLinda siddavAda Ene, Eve, Iri modalAda oTTugaLannu baLasuttave (mADuttEne, koDuttEne) Adare karAvaLiya oLanuDigaLu hindina samayada oTTinondige baruva ADuga oTTugaLannE illiyU baLasuttave (mADutte, koDutte).
(11) mUladrAviDada allagaLeyuva kriyArUpa haLegannaDa dalli uLidide (nODem ‘nAnu nODuvudilla’, nODar ‘avaru nODuvudilla’) mattu karAvaLiya oLanuDigaLalliyU uLidide; (idara artadalli mAtra svalpa badalAvaNeyAgide:
havyakada mADe ‘nAnu mADalikkilla’, nODavu ‘avaru nODalikkilla’). baDaga oLanuDiyallU uLidide (barO ‘nAvu baralikkilla’). Adare oLanADina oLanuDigaLalli idu uLidilla (8.4 nODi).
(12) haLegannaDadalli Sarattannu sUcisuva oDe oTTannu nEravAgi hindina illavE mundina samayada oTTugaLa anantara mattu allagaLeyuva oTTina anantara baLasalu sAdyavittu (bandoDe ‘bandare’, bapopaDe ‘baruvudiddare’, bAradoDe ‘bAradiddare’).
karAvaLiya havyaka kannaDadallU idE rItiyalli Sarattannu sUcisuva are oTTannu hindina mattu mundina samayada oTTugaLa anantara illavE allagaLeyuva oTTina anantara baLasalu sAdyavide (bandare ‘bandare’, battare ‘baruvudiddare’ bAraddare ‘bAradiddare’).
Adare oLanADina oLanuDigaLalli Sarattannu sUcisuva are
oTTannu mundina samayada oTTina anantara illavE allagaLeyuva oTTina anantara nEravAgi baLasalu sAdyavAgadu (12.4. nODi). karAvaLi mattu oLanADina kannaDa oLanuDigaLalli intaha halavu badalAvaNegaLu bEre bEre dikkugaLalli naDediddu, avu I eraDu oLanuDigaLa naDuve ivattu kANisuva vyatyAsagaLige kAraNagaLAgive. kannaDada oLanuDigaLa oDetadalli karAvaLi mattu oLanADugaLa naDuvina oDetavE atyanta haLeyadembudu I vyatyAsagaLinda spaSTavAguttade.
1.3.2 baDaga oLanuDi
baDaga kannaDa kelavu viSayagaLalli karAvaLiya oLanuDigaLannu hOluttade mattu bEre kelavu viSayagaLalli oLanADina oLanuDigaLannu hOluttade. idallade, innu kelavu viSayagaLalli adu tannavE Ada badalAvaNegaLannU mADikonDide.
I ellA viSayagaLannU vivarisuvudakkAgi, adannADuva jana modalige karAvaLiyalliddirabEkendu mattu AmEle allinda oLa nADige (maysUrige) valase hOgirabEkendu kalpisikoLLabahudu. idara anantara avaru nIlagirige valase hOdudarindAgi, avara nuDiyalli adaradE Ada kelavu badalAvaNegaLu naDedirabEku.
(1) kriyApadagaLalli kANisuva Aguvike-mADuvike vyatyAsa karAvaLiya havyakadallide mattu baDagadallU ide; Adare, oLanADina oLanuDigaLalliruva hAge kANisuvudilla (7.5.3-4 nODi).
(2) karAvaLiya oLanuDigaLa hAge baDagavU mundina samayada v (p) oTTannu uLisikonDide mattu suLyada gavDa kannaDada hAge haLegannaDada ‘dapa’ kriyArUpada badalu utta rUpavannu baLasade adannE uLisikonDide (8.3.3-4 nODi).
(3) allagaLeyuva kriyArUpavannu karAvaLiya oLanuDigaLa hAge baDagavU uLisikonDide. idallade, illa padavannu (baDagadalli ile embudannu) hindina, mundina mattu allagaLeyuva kriyArUpagaLondige baLasuva karAvaLiya vidAna baDagadallU uLidide (8.4 nODi).
(4) ADuga padagaLalli mattu kriyArUpagaLalli ADuganondige kELuganannu sErisi mattu sErisade hELuvantaha eraDu rItiya
kUDikeya rUpagaLannu karAvaLiya oLanuDigaLa hAge baDagavU uLisikonDide (10.2.1 mattu 8.5.3 nODi).
(5) ADuga mattu kELugarannu sUcisuva padagaLa halavacanada rUpagaLalli karAvaLiya oLanuDigaLa hAge baDagavU ga (<gaL) oTTannu baLasuttade (10.2.1 nODi).
(6) halavacanavannu sUcisuva gaL oTTu go endAgiruvalli baDaga nuDi karAvaLiya oLanuDigaLannu hOluttade (9.3.2 nODi).
(7) kriyArUpagaLalli manuSyarannu horatupaDisi itararannu sUcisuva itu oTTannu manuSyarannu sUcisuvudakkAgiyU baLasuva vidAna baDagadalliyU ide (8.5.2 nODi).
karAvaLiya oLanuDigaLalliruva
(8) ELu-enTanE SatamAnadalli naDeda naDuvina giDDa svaragaLu mElina svaragaLAguva badalAvaNe baDaga kannaDadallU naDedide. idu I oLanuDiyannADuvavaru maysUrige valase hOda anantara naDedirabEku. yAkendare, karAvaLiyalli I badalAvaNe naDedilla (2.2.2 nODi).
mUguli
modalu bandidda
(9) uddasvarada anantara mattu eraDu giDDasvaragaLa anantara taDeyuliya karAvaLiya oLanuDigaLalli uLidukonDide (5.2.4). idu baDaga kannaDada kelavu padagaLalli uLidideyAdarU (Engu ‘hambalisu’, nIndu ‘Iju’, tAnDu ‘hAri dATu’, tAngu ‘tALme’), bEre kelavu padagaLalli uLidilla (nUku (havyaka nUnku), sAku (havyaka sAnku), tATu (havyaka tAnTu), marago (havyaka marango).
(10) nIlagirige valase hOda mEle adaralli naDediruva badalAvaNegaLalli (ka) modalaneya giDDa svarada anantara bandidda
mUguli mattu koraLisada taDeyuligaLa sErike immaDi taDeyuli yAgi badalAgiruvudu (5.2.4 nODi) mattu (ca) LakAra mattu ZakAragaLu biddu hOgi avugaLa hattira idda svaragaLu maDacida svaragaLAgi badalAgiruvudu mukyavAdavugaLu (2.4.4 nODi).
1.3.3 itara oDetagaLu
kannaDadalli mElina oLanuDigaLa oDeta mAtravallade bEreyU halavu oDetagaLu naDediruvudannu kANabahudu. ivugaLa svarUpa entahadembudinnU spaSTavAgilla. kannaDigaru karnATakada bEre bEre jAgagaLalli nelesiddu, I jAgagaLa naDuvina antaradindAgi avaru baLasuva nuDiyalli vyatyAsagaLErpaTTive. oLanADinallEnE kANisuva baDagu (dAravADa) mattu tenku (maysUru) emba vyatyAsa intahadu.
karAvaLiya havyakadallU tenku havyaka, baDagu havyaka mattu gaTTada mElina havyaka endella vyatyAsagaLive. Adare I yAva oDetagaLU mEle sUcisida karAvaLi-oLanADu oDetadaSTu mukya vAduvalla.
intaha nuDiyannADuvavara jAgavannavalambisida oDetagaLu mAtravallade ondE jAgadallU bEre bEre jAtigaLalli baLakeyAguva kannaDavU bEre bErAgide. I jAti illavE samAjakke sambandisida oLanuDigaLa naDuvina vyatyAsa yAva rItiyadu embudara kuritAgiyU innaSTu samSOdanegaLannu naDesuva avaSyakateyide.
I ella vyatyAsagaLU kannaDa nuDiyannu baLasuva I bEre bEre rItiya pangaDagaLa naDuve kaLeda nUrAru varSagaLalli entaha samparkavittu embudara mEle avalambiside embudannu illi mareyabAradu.
1.4 pustakada svarUpa
mUladrAviDadinda kannaDada varege mattu allinda ivattina kannaDada oLanuDigaLa varege kannaDa nuDiya caritreyalli entaha badalAvaNe gaLella naDedive embudannu vivarisuvudE I pustakada guriyAgide. mUladrAviDa svaragaLu bErinalli mattu oTTinalli bEre bEre rItiya badalAvaNegaLigoLagAgiveyAda kAraNa avannu bEre bErAgi eraDu mattu mUranE adyAyagaLalli vivarisalAgide.
idakke badalu, vyanjanagaLalli
naDeda badalAvaNegaLannu taDeyuligaLalli naDedavu mattu itara vyanjanagaLalli naDedavu embudAgi vingaDisi, nAlku mattu aydaneya adyAyagaLalli vivarisalAgide.
mUladrAviDada padaracane hEgiddirabEku mattu adaralli entaha badalAvaNegaLAdudarindAgi kannaDada padagaLu siddavAgive embudannu Araneya adyAyadalli vivarisalAgide.
kriyApadagaLa oLaracaneya kuritu halavAru sangatigaLannu IgAgalE kanDuhiDiyalAgideyAda kAraNa, adannu bEreyE ondu (ELanE) adyAyadalli vivarisalAgide. I padagaLinda racisabahudAda kriyArUpagaLa oLaracaneyannu mattu adaralli naDeda adyAyadalli kaygettikoLLalAgide.
badalAvaNegaLannu
nAmapadagaLa mattu nAmarUpagaLa oLaracaneyalli naDeda badalAvaNegaLannu ombattanE adyAyadallU, ADuga mattu tOruga hattanE naDedavugaLannu adyAyadallU, hannondanE adyAyadallU vivarisalAgide.
guNapadagaLa oLaracaneyalli
padagaLa oLaracaneyalli
naDedavugaLannu
mUladrAviDadalli vAkyaracane hEgiddirabEku mattu I racane yalli entaha badalAvaNegaLannu kannaDa mADikonDide embudannu hanneraDanE adyAyadalli pariSIlisalAgide. I pustakadalli baLakeyAgiruva pAribASika padagaLannu koneyalli vivarisalAgide.