Chapters: Ch 1 · Ch 2 · Ch 3 · Ch 4 · Ch 5 · Ch 6 · Ch 7 · Ch 8 · Ch 9 · Ch 10 · Ch 11 · Ch 12
10. ADuga mattu tOruga padagaLu
sambandisiruva
10.1 munnOTa
mUladrAviDadalli baLakeyAguva ADuga padagaLu eraDu padagumpugaLalli baruttave. vAkyada ADuga, kELuga mattu itararannu sUcisuvudakkAgi baLakeyAguva ‘ADuga’ padagaLadu ondu gumpu; mattu vyakti, vastu, viSaya, dikku, samaya, pramANa, vidAna, namUne modalAdavugaLa jAgavannu ADugana sUcisuva illavE avu jAgakke tiLidillavendu sUcisuva ‘tOruga’ padagaLadu innondu gumpu.
I ellA padagaLannU oTTAgi ‘sarvanAma’vemba padagumpinalli sErisi hELuvudu rUDi. Adare, mUladrAviDadalli illavE kannaDa dalli ivu mEle sUcisida hAge eraDu bEre bEre padagumpugaLalli baruttave. ADuganige sambandisive emba ondu viSayavannu biTTare ivannu ondE gumpinalli sErisi hELalu bEre AdAragaLEnU illa (heccina vivaragaLige baT 2003:18 nODi). idallade, ADuganige sambandisidantaha bEreyU halavu padagaLu baLakeyalliddu (mEle, keLage, ninne, nALe, Iga) ivannella sarvanAmagaLa gumpinallirisuva rUDiyilla.
10.2 ADuga padagaLu
mUladrAviDadalli vAkyada ADuganannu sUcisuva *yAn, kELuga nannu sUcisuva *YIn mattu avaribbarannu horatupaDisi itara vyaktigaLallobbanannu sUcisuva *tAn embudAgi mUru ADuga padagaLu baLakeyalliddirabEku.
halavacanadalli I mUru padagaLige mUrara badalu nAlku rUpagaLidduvu. idakke kAraNavEnendare, I padagaLa halavacana rUpagaLu nAmapadagaLa hAge obbaniginta jAsti ADuga, kELuga mattu itararannu sUcisuva badalu, A vyaktigaLa bEre bEre ‘kUDike’gaLannu sUcisabEkAgide. hAgAgi, nijakkU avannu ‘halavacana’da kUDikeya kareyuvudakkintalU rUpagaLendu rUpagaLendu kareyuvudE oLLeyadu.
(1) ADuga mattu itara:
(2) ADuga mattu kELuga: (3) kELuga mattu itara: (4) itara mattu itara:
*yAm *YAm *YIm *tAm
mEle koTTiruva padagaLalli ADuga mattu kELugarannu oTTAgi sUcisuva *YAm embudu eraDu padagaLa jODaNeyinda siddavAgideyundu kalpisalAgide. ADuganannu mAtravE sUcisuva *yAn mattu kELuganannu mAtravE sUcisuva *YIn emba eraDu padagaLu adaralli oTTu sErive.
endare, ADuganannu sUcisuva *yAn padada modalaneya vyanjanakke (yakArakke) badalAgi kELuganannu sUcisuva *YIn padada modalaneya vyanjanavannu (YakAravannu) baLasi mattu
kUDikeya artavannu koDuvudakkAgi A padada koneya nakAravannu makAravAgi badalAyisi *YAm embudannu tayArisalAgide.
10.2.1 vyavasteyalli badalAvaNe
mUladrAviDada I ADuga padagaLa vyavaste haLegannaDadalli uLidu konDide; Adare hosagannaDada heccina oLanuDigaLalli (mattu baraha kannaDadalli) bahaLa maTTige badalAgide.
udAharaNegAgi, pampabAratadalli ADuga, kELuga mattu itara emba mUru rItiya vyaktigaLannu sUcisuvudakkAgi An, nIn mattu tAn emba mUru padagaLu baLakeyallive; ivugaLalli mUla drAviDa padagaLa suruvina yakAra bidduhOdudarindAgi *yAn mattu YakAra nakAravAdudarindAgi *YIn embudu nIn Agide.
embudu
I padagaLige pampabAratadalli Am, nAm, nIm mattu tAm emba nAlku kUDikeya (halavacanada) rUpagaLive mattu ivakke mUladrAviDadalliddantahadE artavyatyAsagaLannu sUcisuva baLakeyU ide (baT 2005:77-8 nODi).
udAharaNegAgi, keLage koTTiruva pampabAratada vAkyadalli Am mattu nAm emba eraDu ADuga padagaLU bandiddu, modalaneya emmam embudu avugaLalli kELuganannu horatupaDisi ADuganannu sUcisuttade; Adare, eraDaneya nAm embudu ADuganondige kELuganannu (mattu itararannU) sErisi sUcisuttade.
mAtravE
nAmellam onde garuDiyoL Odida mAnasarevu;
emmam nimmaDi kemmane baZalisavEDa (9.48 vacana) ‘nAvella ondE garaDiyalli kalita manuSyarAgiddEve; nIvu
nammannu summage AyAsapaDisabEDi’’
vaDDArAdaneyallU, kELuganannu horatupaDisi ADuga mattu itararannu sUcisalu Am, emman, emage mattu emma padagaLa baLakeyAguttade mattu ADuganondige kELuganannU sErisi hELabEkiddalli nAm, namman, mattu namage padagaLa baLakeyAguttade (gAy 1955 nODi).
(1) haLegannaDa uLisikonDidda I mUladrAviDada arta (mattu padarUpa) vyatyAsa karAvaLiya kannaDa oLanuDigaLalli ivattigU uLidukonDide. udAharaNegAgi, karAvaLiya havyaka kannaDadalli ADuga mattu kELugarannu sUcisuvudakkAgi Anu mattu nInu padagaLu baLakeyAguttave.
idallade, mElina eraDu padagaLige havyaka kannaDadalli engo, nAvu mattu ningo embudAgi mUru kUDikeya rUpagaLive mattu ivu haLegannaDada Am, nAm mattu nIm embavugaLa hAge, mUru rItiya kUDikegaLa artagaLallE baLakeyAguttave.
udAharaNegAgi, keLage koTTiruva havyaka kannaDada eraDu vAkyagaLannu avugaLa keLage koTTiruva baraha kannaDada vAkyagaLoDane hOlisi nODabahudu.
(2ka) engo pETege hOvutteyo ᵒ ‘nAvu pETege hOguttEve’’
(2ca) nAvu pETege hOpo ᵒ ‘nAvu pETege hOgONa’
(2ka-ca) vAkyagaLeraDarallU baraha kannaDadalli nAvu embudE baLakeyAgide; Adare adakke (2ka)dalli ADuganondige kELuganannu
sErisadiruva artavide mattu (2ca)dalli kELuganannu sErisiruva artavide embudu I vAkyagaLa koneyalli bandiruva kriyArUpa gaLinda (hOguttEve mattu hOgONa embavugaLinda) spaSTa vAguttade.
havyaka kannaDadalli I vyatyAsavannu sUcisalu engo mattu nAvu emba eraDu bEre bEre padagaLannu (mEle (2ka) mattu (2ca) vAkyagaLalli) baLasalAgide; Adare ivattina baraha kannaDadalli iveraDu sandarbagaLallU nAvu embudannE baLasalAguttade.
haLegannaDada Am embudu havyaka kannaDadalli engo emba rUpakke, nAm embudu nAvu emba rUpakke mattu nIm embudu ningo emba rUpakke badalAgide. illi Am embudara A (udda svara) giDDa ekAravAgide, nAm embudara makAra vakAravAgi adara munde ukAra sEride mattu Am mattu nIm embavugaLige halavacanada go oTTu heccAgi sErikonDide.
(2) baDaga kannaDadallU ADuga padagaLige mUru kUDikeya rUpagaLiddu adu haLegannaDada (mattu mUladrAviDada) vyavaste yannu uLisikonDide. adaralli enga ‘nAnu mattu avanu’, nanga (illavE anga) ‘nAnu mattu nInu’ mattu ninga ‘nInu mattu avanu’ emba mUru kUDikeya rUpagaLu baLakeyallive.
(3) haLegannaDadallidda Am padada baLake naDugannaDadalli kaDimeyAguttA hOguttade mattu adara jAgadalli nAm embudara baLake jAstiyAguttA hOguttade. idakke modalE avugaLa naDuvidda artavyatyAsavU illavAgirabEku. ivattu baraha kannaDadalli mattu oLanADina oLanuDigaLalli iveraDara badalu
nAm emba uLidukonDide.
pada mAtra
(nAvu emba
rUpadalli)
idallade, ADuganannu sUcisuva An embudara modalige nakAra sErikonDudarindAgi nAnu emba hosa rUpavondu baLakege bandide.
kELugarannu
10.2.2 mUraneya vyakti
mUraneya mattu vyaktiyobbanannu mUladrAviDadalli sUcisuvudakkAgi baLakeyAguttidda *tAn mattu *tAm padagaLu haLegannaDadalli badalAgade uLidive.
horatupaDisi
idallade, mUladrAviDadallidda hAgeyE tAn embudakke ADuga mattu kELugarinda bEreyAgiruva mUraneya (itara) vyaktiyannu sUcisuva mattu tAm embudakke antaha vyaktigaLa kUDikeyannu sUcisuva artavU haLegannaDadallittu.
(1) ivattina baraha kannaDadalli I padagaLu tAnu mattu tAvu emba padagaLige rUpadalli baLakeyAguttave. I ‘AtmArta’videyumba kannaDa vayyAkaraNigaLa hELikege pAScAtya vyAkaraNagaLa prabAvavE kAraNavirabEku. yAkendare, nijakkU ‘AtmArta’dalli ivattina baraha baLakeyAguvudilla.
kannaDadalli I
padagaLu
baraha kannaDadalli ‘AtmArta’vannu endare ‘ondu kelasavannu Aguga illavE mADuganu tanna hitakkAgi (illavE bEreyavara sahAyavillade) naDesiddAne’ emba artavannu sUcisuvudakkAgi kriyApadadondige koLLu embudannu baLasalAguttade.
(3ka) rAju mUru puTa bareda (3ca) rAju mUru puTa baredukonDa
(3ka) vAkyada prakAra, mUru puTa bareyuva kelasavannu rAju tanna hitakkAgi mADirabahudu, illavE bErobbarige bEkAgiyU mADirabahudu; Adare, (3ca) vAkyada prakAra A kelasavannu Ata tanna hitakkAgi vAkyadalli mAtravE ‘AtmArta’vide; Adare tAnu pada baLakeyAgilla.
mADiddAne.
(2) tAnu mattu tAvu padagaLannu avanu, avaLu modalAda tOrugapadagaLondige hOlisi nODidAga, nijakkU hosagannaDa vAkyagaLalli avugaLigiruva kelasavEnu emba viSaya spaSTavAguttade.
tAnu embudu ondu vAkyadalli hesarisiruva vyaktiyannu mAtravE sUcisaballudu; Adare avanu embudu yAva vyaktiyannU sUcisaballudu.
(4ka) rAju sIteya hattira avana aNNanannu dUruttiddAne (4ca) rAju sIteya hattira tanna aNNanannu dUruttiddAne
(4ka) vAkyadalli bandiruva avana pada rAjuvannAgali illavE bEre yArO obba (vAkyadalli hesarisadiruva) vyaktiyannAgali sUcisaballudu; Adare (6ca) vAkyadalli bandiruva tanna pada rAjuvannu mAtra sUcisaballudu.
idallade, tAnu pada vAkyada ADuga illavE kELugarannu
sUcisalAradu. (4Ta) rAju nanna hattira tanna aNNanannu dUruttiddAne
(4Ta) vAkyadalli bandiruva tanna pada rAjuvannu mAtravE sUcisaballudallade, A vAkyada ADuganannu sUcisalAradu. tAnu embudakke vAkyada ADuga mattu kELugarondige sambandavide embudu idarinda spaSTavAguttade. (jAsti vivaragaLige baT 2003: 60 nODi).
(3) kannaDada heccina oLanuDigaLallU mUladrAviDada I eraDu padarUpagaLu uLidukonDive. avugaLa artadalli mAtra, mEle sUcisida hAge, badalAvaNeyAgide. Adare, karAvaLiya kelavu oLanuDigaLalli I padarUpagaLu baLakeyinda bidduhOgive. udAharaNegAgi, tenku havyakadalli tAnu mattu tAvu padagaLu baLakeyallilla. avugaLa badalu, avanu, avaLu modalAda tOruga padagaLE baLakeyAguttave.
baDaga kannaDadalli mAtra, tAnu mattu adara halavacanada rUpavAda tanga padagaLu ‘ADuga mattu kELugarinda bErAgiruva mUraneya vyakti’ emba artadallE baLakeyAguttive. Adare, ivannu I artadalli Iga mudukaru mAtra baLasuttiddAre; cikkavara mAtinalli avu baraha kannaDadallAda hAge badalAgive (bAlakruSNan 1999).
10.2.3 ADuga padagaLu mattu nAmapadagaLu
nAmapadagaLa hAge ADuga padagaLu vibakti oTTugaLondige baraballuvAgidduvu. I oTTugaLu sEridAga ellA ADuga pada mattu padarUpagaLallU modalaneya svara udda iddudu giDDa svaravAgi badalAguttadeyundu mUladrAviDakkEnE kalpisalAgide (yAn> *yan, *nIn>nim, tAn>tam, *yAm>
yam, *YAm>Yam, nIm>nim mattu *tAm> tam).
intahadE
badalAvaNe
haLegannaDadalli
(mattu hosagannaDadallU) kANisuttade (nIn, ninage; nIm, nimage; tAn, tanage; tAm, tamage). idallade, mUladrAviDada *yan mattu *yam embavugaLu haLegannaDadalli en mattu em embudAgi badalAgive (An, enage; Am, emage).
svaradinda suruvAguva Aguga, suru mattu jAga oTTugaLu sEridAga mElina ellA padagaLa eraDaneya vyanjana (nakAra illavE makAra) immaDiyAguttade (enna, emma, ninninda, nimminda).
vibakti oTTugaLondige baLakeyAguva viSayadalli ADuga padagaLu nAmapadagaLannu hOluttiveyAdarU bEre halavu viSayagaLalli avu nAmapadagaLinda bErAgive. udAharaNegAgi, mEle sUcisida hAge, avakke halavacana rUpagaLiruva badalu kUDikeya rUpagaLive, mattu I kAraNakkAgi mUladrAviDadalli mattu haLegannaDadalli mUru ADuga padagaLige nAlku kUDikeya rUpagaLive (Am, nAm, nIm, tAm).
guNagaLannu
nAmapadagaLondige avugaLa
sUcisaballa padagaLannu (guNapadagaLannu) baLasaballevu; Adare ADuga padagaLondige antaha padagaLannu baLasalArevu. doDDa pustaka ennuva hAge *doDDa nAnu illavE *doDDa nInu endu hELalu sAdyavAgadu (heccina vivaragaLige baT 2003 nODi).
10.3 tOruga padagaLu
mUladrAviDadalli padagaLu baLakeyallidduvu. ivugaLalli mUru ADugana jAgakke sambandisida
tOruga
nAlku
hAge vyakti, vastu modalAdavugaLa jAgavannu tOrisuttidduvu mattu nAlkaneyadu avu tiLidillavembudannu sUcisuttittu.
I padagaLa oLaracaneyalli eraDu angagaLiruttave; avugaLalli modalaneyadu padagaLa kelasavEnembudannu tiLisuttade, mattu eraDaneyadu avu entahadara (vyakti, vastu, jAga, samaya, pramANa, namUne modalAdavugaLalli yAvudara) kuritAgi I kelasavannu naDesuttave embudannu tiLisuttade.
udAharaNegAgi, kannaDada alli padada modalaneya angavAda a embudu ‘A pada ADuganiginta svalpa dUradalliruva vyakti, vastu modalAdavugaLa jAgavannu tOrisalu baLakeyAguttade’ embudannu tiLisuttade (I viSayadalli adu illi mattu elli embavugaLinda bErAgide; illi embudu ADugana hattira iruva vyakti, vastu modalAdavugaLa jAgavannu tOrisuttade mattu elli embudu ADuganige tiLiyadiruva vyakti, vastu modalAdavugaLa jAgavannu sUcisuttade).
alli padada eraDaneya angavAda lli embudu ‘A pada ondu jAgada kuritAgi I kelasavannu naDesuttade’ embudannu tiLisuttade (I viSayadalli adu aSTu, andu, atta, Aga modalAdavugaLinda bErAgide; aSTu embudara eraDaneya angavAda STu embudu pramANavannu sUcisuttade; andu embudara eraDaneya angavAda ndu embudu samayavannu sUcisuttade; atta embudara eraDaneya angavAda tta embudu dikkannu sUcisuttade).
mUladrAviDadalli I padagaLa modalaneya angavAgi *A, bErugaLu
mattu
nAlku
baraballuvAgidduvu; haLegannaDada tOruga padagaLalli I nAlku bErugaLU uLidukonDive.
ADuganinda dUra ADugana hattira A mattu IgaLa naDuve tiLiyadudu
tOruga
mUladrAviDada
padagaLalli I
nAlku bErugaLondige eraDaneya angavAgi halavu bErugaLu illavE baLasi oTTugaLu tayArisalAgiruva padagaLannu, keLage koTTiruva hAge, ondu kOSTakadalli paTTi mADabahudu.
baraballuvAgidduvu.
avugaLannu
(1) nAmapadagaLu dUradavu avan avaL
naDuvinavu uvan uvaL
hattiradavu ivan ivaL Itan Utan
tiLiyadavu Avan AvaL Avudu Avuvu
(2) nAma-guNapadagaLu
dUradavu
hattiradavu
naDuvinavu
tiLiyadavu
(3) kriyA-guNapadagaLu
hattiradavu
naDuvinavu
dUradavu antu(Tu) intu(Tu) untu(Tu) atta(l)
itta(l) utta(l)
tiLiyadavu etta(l)
ivugaLalli A, I, U mattu Ava (E) emba guNapadagaLalli mAtra eraDu angagaLilla. nijakkU ivu nAmapadakantegaLalli kelasavannu sUcisuva modalaneya angavAgi baruttave mattu entahadara kuritAgi avu I kelasavannu naDesuttave embudannu padakantegaLalli avugaLa anantara baruva nAmapadagaLE sUcisuttave.
udAharaNegAgi, A mane padakanteyalli A embudu modalaneya angavAgi bandide mattu mane nAmapada intaha tOruga padagaLa eraDaneya angakke badalAgi bandide.
haLegannaDada En mattu Eke emba ‘tiLiyada’ padagaLU I paTTige sErabEku; Adare, avugaLige samanAda itara (‘tiLida’) padagaLilla.
idE rItiyalli, Evan, EvaL, Evar, Evudu mattu Evuvu emba kriyArUpagaLa gumpige sEraballa ‘tiLiyada’ padagaLU haLegannaDadalli baLakeyallidduvu mADuttAne?’). ivakkU samanAda itara (‘tiLida’) padagaLilla.
(Evan
Avan, AvaL, Avudu, elli, entu modalAduvannu sAmAnyavAgi ‘praSnArtaka’ padagaLendu kareyalAguttade. Adare avannilli ‘tiLiyada’ padagaLendu kareyalAgide.
idakke kAraNavEnendare, praSne (kELvi)ya artavannu koDuvuda kkintalU ADuganige avu tOrisuva vyakti, vastu modalAdavugaLa viSaya tiLidillavembudannu sUcisuvudE I padagaLa nijavAda kelasa. idannu nAnu (baT 2003, 2004)ralli spaSTavAgi tOrisikoTTiddEne.
mElina kOSTakadalli koTTiruva padagaLige badalAgi, kannaDada oLanuDigaLalli halavu avugaLiginta bErAgiruva padagaLu baLake yAguttave. idakke I oLanuDigaLalli naDediruva bEre bEre badalAvaNegaLu kAraNa.
10.3.1 modalaneya angadalli naDeda badalAvaNegaLu
haLegannaDadalli A, I, U mattu Ava (E) emba nAlku bErugaLu baLakeyAguttidduvu embudannu nAvu mEle nODiruvevu. mUladrAviDadalliyU bErugaLu baLakeyalliddirabEkendu kalpisalAgide.
modalaneya
tOruga
padagaLa
nAlku
mElina kOSTakadalli kANisida hAge, I bErugaLige udda rUpa (Atan, Itan, Utan, Ava) mattu giDDa rUpa (alli, illi, ulli, elli) embudAgi eraDeraDu rUpagaLidduvu. mUla drAviDadalliyU intahadE vyatyAsa iddirabEku.
I rUpavyatyAsavannu varNisuvudakkAgi mUladrAviDadalli avugaLa svarada anantara ondu ‘lArinjal’ (hakAra - 5.4 nODi) bandittu embudAgi kalpisuva avaSyakateyideyendu
kruSNamUrti (2003:253) vAdisiddAre. Adare, nijakkU antaha kalpaneyinda Enu prayOjana embudinnU spaSTavAgilla.
kannaDada oLanuDigaLalli I modalaneya angadalli naDeda
kelavu badalAvaNegaLannu keLage koDalAgide.
(1) haLegannaDada tOruga bErugaLallidda mUraneya U bEru kannaDada ivattina oLanuDigaLalli uLidilla. Adare, adara paLeyuLikeyannu kriyArUpagaLalli baruva udu oTTinalli (mADuvudu, hOguvudu) kANabahudu.
(2) tiLiyadudannu sUcisuva haLegannaDada Ava mattu E bErugaLu hosagannaDadalli yAva mattu yA emba rUpadallive (yAru, yAvanu, yAke); I yakAra dakAravAgiruva dAru, dAvanu rUpagaLU kelavu oLanuDigaLallive (kiTTel 1903:
(3) havyaka kannaDadalli tiLiyadudannu sUcisalu Eva ‘yAva’, entage ‘yAke’, Aru ‘yAru’, Evadu ‘yAvadu’, modalAda bandillavembudannu rUpagaLiddu ‘yAva’, evaka gamanisabahudu. baDaga ‘yAru’’Edu ‘yAvudu’ embantaha rUpagaLive.
yakAra kannaDadallU E
avugaLalli
manuSyara
padagaLa baLakeyAguttade;
(4) baDaga kannaDadalli tiLiyadudannu sUcisalu mUru tOruga hELuvudiddare dAru ‘yAru’ padada baLakeyAguttade mattu itarara kuritAgi hELuvudiddare Edu ‘yAvudu’ padada baLakeyAguttade. idallade Ena emba mUraneya padavondu embudu tiLiyadiruvalli baLakeyAguttade (bAlakruSNan 1999).
naDeyuttittu’
naDeyuttide
illavE
10.3.2 eraDaneya angadalli badalAvaNegaLu
tOruga padagaLa eraDaneya angavAgi vyakti, jAga, samaya, pramANa modalAduvannu tiLisuva oTTugaLu baLakeyAguttave embudannu nAvu mEle nODiruvevu. mUladrAviDadalli ivu yAva rUpadallidduvu emba viSayadalli innU sAkaSTu samSOdanegaLu naDedilla.
vyaktigaLannu sUcisuva padagaLalli manuSyaru mattu itararu emba vyatyAsa mattu manuSyarallEnE orvacanadalli ganDasu- hengasu emba heccina vyatyAsa I eraDaneya angadalli kANisuttade.
manuSyaru: ganDasu
hengasu
itararu
ovracana (a)vanu (a)vaLu
halavacana (a)varu
halavacanadallidda manuSyaru-itararu vyatyAsa karAvaLiya oLanuDigaLalli illavAgide. udAharaNegAgi havyaka kannaDadalli avu embudannE ‘avaru’ mattu ‘avu’ emba eraDu artagaLallU baLasalAguttade. suLyada gavDa kannaDadallU hIgeyE.
orvacanadalliyU adu embudakke intahadE baLakeyiddu, gavravArtadalli mAtra ava ᵒ ‘avanu’ mattu ava ‘avaLu’ padagaLa baLakeyAguttade.
ahage, ihage mattu ehage padagaLu ivattina baraha kannaDadalli hAge, hIge mattu hEge embudAgi badalAgive. illi eraDaneya angadallidda hakAra modalaneya angada munde bandu nintide. havyaka kannaDadalli ivu hAnge, hInge mattu hEnge
emba rUpadallive. ahage modalAdavugaLa hindidda rUpagaLalli ondu mUguliyU baruttitembudu idarinda tiLiyuttade.
mEle
sUcisida
hAge, eraDanE angadalli
naDeda badalAvaNegaLa kuritAgi innaSTu samSOdanegaLannu naDesuva avaSyakateyide. idakkAgi kannaDada bEre bEre oLanuDigaLalli entaha tOruga padagaLella baLakeyallive embudannu paTTi mADuva avaSyakateyide.
10.4 tiruLu
mUladrAviDada ADuga padagaLu mattu tOruga padagaLu kannaDadalli entaha badalAvaNegaLigella oLagAgive embudannu I adyAyadalli vivarisalAgide.
ADuga padagaLa kUDikeya rUpagaLallidda vyatyAsavondu sErisade halavu oLanuDigaLalli
(ADuganondige sUcisuvantaha vyatyAsa) illavAgiruvudu ivugaLalli mukyavAdudu.
sErisi illavE
kELuganannu
kannaDada
idE rItiyalli, tOruga padagaLa modalaneya angadallidda ondu vyatyAsavU ivattina kannaDa oLanuDigaLalli illavAgide. udAharaNegAgi, alli, illi, ulli emba mUru tOruga padagaLa badalu ivattu alli mattu illi emba eraDu tOruga padagaLu mAtra uLidukonDive.