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adhyAya eraDu — kriyAvAkyagaLa oLaracane
2.1 pIThike
kannaDada kriyAvAkyagaLallella ondu kriyApada bandiddu, adu vAkyada mukhya angavAgiruttade. I kriyApada sAmAnyavAgi vAkyada kone yalli baruttade. udA: rAju kannaDakavannu ellA kaDeyallU huDukida. (1kha) sItAbAyi nALe Dillige hOguttALe. (1ga) Akege lATariyalli hattu lakShada bahumAna bantu. (1gha) huDugaru marakke hattidaru. mEle koTTiruva (1ka-gha) vAkyagaLella kriyAvAkyagaLAgiddu, avugaLa mukhya angagaLAgi huDuku, hOgu, baru mattu hattu emba kriyA padagaLu A vAkyagaLa koneyalli bandive. ivugaLondige I vAkyagaLalli bEre kelavu padagaLU bandiveyAdarU avu kriyApadadaShTu prAmukhya vAduvalla. I itara padagaLalli yAvudannu bEkiddarU sandabhra kkanusAravAgi baLasadiralu sAdhyavide. Adare kriyApadavannu A rIti baLasadiruvudu bahaLa aparUpa. rAju kannaDaka huDukida. (2kha) sItAbAyi nALe hOguttALe. (2ga) sItAbAyi Dellige hOguttALe. (2gha) Akege bahumAna bantu. (1ka) vAkyadalli jAgavannu sUcisalu bandiruva ellA kaDegaLallU embudannu baLasadiralu sAdhya embudannu (2ka)dalli kANabahudu. idE rItiyalli (1kha)dalli bandiruva nALe illavE Dellige emba pada gaLannu baLasadiralu sAdhya embudannu (2kha-ga) vAkyagaLalli kANa bahudu. Adare kriyApadavannu I rIti baLasalillavAdare A vAkyavinnU konegonDillavEnO endenisuttade, illavE adondu viShayavAkya vAgibiDuttade. (3ka) sItAbAyi nALe Dellige. (3kha) huDugaru maradalli. (3ka)dalli hOguttALe emba kriyApadavannu biDalAgide. Adare idu nijakkU ondu ghaTaneyannu tiLisuva kriyAvAkyavAgi kANisuva badalu sItAbAyiya kAryakramagaLannu sUcisuva paTTiya ondu angavAgi kANisuttade. (3kha)dalli kuLitiddAre emba kriyApada bidduhOgide endu hELuvudakkintalU iddAre emba bErondu kriyApada biddu hOgide (endare adondu viShayavAkya) endu hELuvudE sari yendu tOruttade (3.2.3 nODi).
2.1.1 kriyApadada pratyayagaLu
intaha vAkyagaLalli baruva kriyApada I rIti ondu ghaTaneyannu tiLisuvudu mAtravallade, ADugana samayakke sambandhisidante A ghaTaneya samayavannU sUcisuttade, mattu A ghaTaneyalli nirata rAgiruva vyakti, vastu modalAdavugaLalli ondannU sUcisuttade. I eraDu kelasagaLannu naDesuvudakkAgi adarondige eraDu pratyayagaLu baruttave.
udAharaNegAgi, mEle koTTiruva (2ka) vAkyada huDukida emba kriyArUpadalli huDuku kriyApadadondige adu tiLisuva ghaTane yAvAga naDedudu (endare (2ka) vAkyavannu yAva samayadalli ADalAgittO adakkinta modalE A ghaTane naDedittu) embudannu tiLisalu adarondige id pratyaya bandide, mattu A ghaTaneyannu
naDesiruva vyakti yAru (obba ganDasu) embudannu tiLisalu a pratyaya (2kha) vAkyada hOguttALe emba kriyArUpadalli hOgu kriyApadadondige I id pratyayada badalu utta pratyaya bandiddu, adu A kriyApada tiLisuva ghaTane (2kha)nE vAkyavannADiruva samayakkinta anantara naDeyuvantahadu embudannu sUcisuttade, mattu adara anantara a pratyayada badalu ALe pratyaya bandiddu, adu A ghaTaneyannu naDesaliruva vyakti obba hengasu embudannu sUcisuttade.
idE viShayavannE kriyApadadondige baruva bEre pada illavE padakantegaLa mUlaka heccu vivaravAgi tiLisalu sAdhya embudannu munde nODaliruvevu. (udAharaNegAgi (2kha) vAkyadalli bandiruva nALe emba pada ghaTaneya samayavannU mattu sItAbAyi emba pada A ghaTaneyannu naDesaliruva vyaktiyannU heccu vivaravAgi paricayisuttave.) kriyApadagaLondige I rIti ghaTaneyalli toDagiruva vyakti illavE vastuvannu sUcisuvudakkAgi mattu ghaTaneya samayavannu sUcisuvu dakkAgi mAtravallade bEreyU kelavu kAryagaLannu sAdhisuvudakkAgi innU kelavu pratyayagaLannu baLasalu sAdhyavide. intaha pratyayagaLannu paDediruva kriyApadagaLa padarUpagaLa kuritAgi heccina vivaragaLannu munde aydanE adhyAyadalli koDalAguvudu.
2.1.2 vAkyaghaTakagaLu mattu guNapadagaLu
mEle sUcisida hAge, kriyAvAkyagaLalli kriyApadadondige baruva pada illavE padakantegaLigella kriyAvAkyavu tiLisuva ghaTaneya viShayavAgi heccina vivaragaLannu odagisuva kelasavide. ivannu (ka) A ghaTaneyalli samaya vyakti, modalAdavugaLannu hesarisuva illavE varNisuva ‘ghaTaka’gaLu mattu (kha) A ghaTane yAvAga, elli mattu hEge naDedideyembudannu tiLisuva ‘guNapada’gaLu (illavE kriyAviSEShaNagaLu) embudAgi eraDu mukhya gumpugaLalli vingaDisalu sAdhyavide. toDagiruva vastu, SAmarAyara magaLu ninne purabhavanadalli purandaradAsara kItraneyondannu bahaLa sogasAgi hADidaLu. (4)nE vAkyadalli bandiruva SAmarAyara magaLu emba ghaTaka A vAkya tiLisuva ghaTaneyannu (hADuvudannu) naDesiruvudu yAru embudannu heccu spaShTavAgi tiLiyalu sAdhyavAguvante mADuttade; (idannE kriyApadada koneyalli bandiruva aLu pratyaya bahaLa cuTukAgi tiLisuttade); purabhavanadalli emba innondu pada A ghaTane naDedaddu elli embudannu tiLisuttade; mattu, purandara dAsara kItraneyondannu emba padakante hADiddu Enannu embudannu tiLisu ttade. I mUru padakantegaLu ghaTaneyalli toDagiruva vyakti, vastu modalAduvannu gurutisuva angagaLu. idallade, (4)nE vAkyadalli bEreyU kelavu padagaLu bandiddu avu A vAkyadalli kriyAviSEShaNagaLAgi baLakeyallive embudannu gamanisabahudu. ivugaLalli ninne embudu hADiruva samayavannu heccu spaShTavAgi tiLisuttave. (idannE kriyApadadondige bandiruva id pratyaya bahaLa cuTukAgi tiLisuttade); mattu bahaLa hAgU sogasAgi emba inneraDu padagaLu hADiruvudu hEge embudannu tiLisuttave.
ghaTakagaLu mattu kriyAviSEShaNagaLu (guNapadagaLu) embudAgi vAkyada angagaLannu mEle sUcisida hAge eraDu gumpugaLalli vingaDisalu sAdhyavideyAdarU avugaLoLage halavu sAmyagaLive embudannu nAvu mEle 1.3.3ralli nODiruvevu. avu eraDU kriyApadagaLu tiLisuva ghaTaneya kuritAgi heccina tiLuvaLikeyannu koDuva vAkyAngagaLAgiruvudE idakke kAraNa.
kriyApadadondige baraballa guNapadagaLa kuritAgi heccina vivara vannu munde AranE adhyAyadalli koDalAguvudu. kriyApadadondige baraballa ghaTakagaLu entahavu embudannu I adhyAyadalli vivarisa
2.2 ghaTakagaLalli vayvidhya
vAkyavondaralli kriyApadadondige bEre bEre rItiya ghaTakagaLu baralu sAdhyaviddu, avu entahavu embudu A kriyApadavu sUcisuva ghaTaneya svarUpavannavalambiside. udAharaNegAgi, sAyu kriyApada dondige ‘sattavaru yAru (athavA yAvudu)’ embudannu tiLisuva ondu ghaTaka bandare sAku, Adare kollu kriyApadadondige ‘kondavaru yAru’ embudannu tiLisuva ghaTaka mAtravallade ‘kondaddu yArannu (athavA yAvudannu)’ embudannu tiLisuva innondu ghaTakavU baruva avaSyakateyide. (5ka) doDDa bekku sattide. (5kha) rAju doDDa bekkannu kondiddAne. idE rItiyalli araLu kriyApadadondige ‘araLuvudu (athavA araLiruvudu) yAvudu’ embudannu tiLisuva ondu ghaTaka bandare sAku, Adare eTaku kriyApadadondige ‘eTakuvudu yAvudu’ embudannu tiLisuva ghaTaka mAtravallade ‘eTakuvudu yArige’ embudannu tiLisuva ghaTakavU barabEkAguttade. gulAbi hU araLide. (6kha) gulAbi hU avaLige eTakuttade. eraDakkinta jAsti ghaTakagaLu barabEkAguva kriyApadagaLU kannaDa dalli kelavive. udAharaNegAgi koDu kriyApadadondige ‘koTTavaru yAru’, ‘koTTudu yArige’ mattu ‘koTTudu yAvudannu’ embudannu tiLisuva mUru ghaTakagaLannu baLasuva avaSyakateyide. idE rItiyalli hELu kriyApadadondige ‘hELiddu yAru’, ‘hELiddu Enu’ mattu ‘hELiddu yArige’ emba mUru kELvigaLige uttaragaLannu koDaballa ghaTakagaLannu baLasuva avaSyakateyide. rAju harige eraDu sAvira rupAyi koTTa. (7kha) ajji makkaLige ondu kate hELidaLu. I rIti kriyApadagaLu sUcisuva ghaTaneyannavalambisi baruva ghaTakagaLu mAtravallade bEreyU kelavu ghaTakagaLu vAkyadalli baralu sAdhyavide. ivu ellA rItiya kriyApadagaLigU samAnavAgiruvantaha ghaTakagaLu. avugaLa baruvike kriyApadada arthavannavalambisilla. udA haraNegAgi, mEle koTTiruva ellA vAkyagaLallU avu sUcisuva ghaTane ‘yAvAga naDeyitu (athavA naDeyuttade)’ mattu ‘elli naDeyitu (athavA naDeyuttade)’ embudannu tiLisuva ghaTakagaLeraDannu baLasalu sAdhyavide. rAjuvina angaLadalli mUru divasa hinde ondu gulAbi hU araLittu. rAju harige ivattu beLigge santeyalli eraDu sAvira I rIti ghaTaneya samaya mattu jAgagaLannu tiLisuva ghaTakagaLu mAtravallade, adara uddESa (8ka), adannu naDesuvalli baLasida sAdhana (8kha), sahAyakanAgidda vyakti (8ga), modalAda bEreyU kelavu viShayagaLannu tiLisuvudakkAgi heccina ghaTakagaLannu baLasalu sAdhyavide yembudannu keLagina vAkyagaLalli kANabahudu. (8ka) jAnaki rAtriya pUjege hU koyyuttiddALe. (8kha) Ata maNNininda ondu gombe mADida. rAju tanna tandeyondige pETege hOgiddAne. kriyApadagaLu sUcisuva ghaTaneyannu avalambisi baruva ghaTaka gaLannu vAkyada ‘mukhya ghaTaka’gaLendU mattu ghaTanege sambandhisiruva itara viShayagaLannu tiLisuvudakkAgi baruva ghaTakagaLannu ‘mukhyavallada ghaTaka’gaLendU kareyabahudu. I eraDu rItiya ghaTakagaLalli kriyA padagaLondige baruva mukhya ghaTakagaLa sankhye mattu svarUpagaLa nnAdharisi kriyApadagaLannu bEre bEre vagragaLAgi vingaDisalu sAdhyavide.
2.2.1 mukhya ghaTakagaLu
kannaDada kriyAvAkyagaLannella AguvikegaLu mattu mADuvikegaLu embu dAgi eraDu mukhya vibhAgagaLalli vingaDisalu sAdhyavide. obba vyakti illavE prANiya hatOTiyalliruva ghaTanegaLu mADuvikegaLu mattu hAge hatOTiyallillada ghaTanegaLu AguvikegaLu. mADuvikegaLannu sUcisuva vAkyagaLallella avannu hatOTiyallirisikonDiruva ghaTaka vondu mukhya ghaTakavAgi bandiruttade. idannu ‘mADuga’ endu kareyabahudu.
Aguvikeyannu sUcisuva vAkyagaLalli I mADuga emba ghaTaka baruvudilla. Adare adakke badalAgi, ghaTaneya mUlaka yAvudAdarU ondu badalAvaNegoLagAguva ghaTaka baruttade. idannu ‘Aguga’ endu kareyabahudu.
(ka) Aguvikeyannu sUcisuva vAkyagaLu (9ka) bAgilu tereyitu. (9kha) baTTe oNagitu. (9gha) aramaneya Ane sAyuttide. rAju bidda. (kha) mADuvikeyannu sUcisuva vAkyagaLu (10ka) rAju ODida. (10kha) jAnaki hADidaLu. (10ga) cikka magu naguttide. (10gha) hakki hAritu. Aguvikeyannu sUcisuva (9ka-gha) vAkyagaLalli baruva bAgilu, baTTe, rAju mattu aramaneya Ane emba ghaTakagaLige (AgugagaLige) A vAkyagaLu sUcisuva tere, oNagu, bILu mattu sAyu emba ghaTanegaLa mEle hatOTiyilla; Adare mADuvikeyannu sUcisuva (10ka-gha) vAkyagaLalli baruva rAju, jAnaki, cikka magu mattu hakki emba ghaTakagaLige (mADugagaLige) A vAkyagaLu sUcisuva ODu, hADu, nagu mattu hAru emba ghaTanegaLa mEle hatOTiyide embudannu gamanisabahudu.
idallade Aguvikeyannu sUcisuva vAkyagaLu EnAyitu? embantaha Agu kriyApadaviruva praSnegaLige uttaravAgi baraballuvu sUcisuva vAkyagaLu Enu mADida? mattu mADuvikeyannu embantaha mADu kriyApadaviruva praSnegaLige uttaravAgi baraballuvu embudannU gamanisabahudu. mADuvikeyannu sUcisuva vAkyagaLalli ‘mADuga’ ghaTaka mAtra vallade, bErondu Aguga ghaTakavU baralu sAdhyavide. intaha mADu vikeyannu sUcisuva vAkyagaLa mUladalli ondu AguvikeyU sEri konDiruvudE idakke kAraNa.
(11ka) bekku sattide. (11kha) nAyi bekkannu kondide. (12ka) marada gellu baggitu. (12kha) rAju marada gellannu baggisiddAne. (11ka) vAkyadalli sAyu kriyApada bandiddu adu ondu Aguvike yannu sUcisuttade mattu adaralli bekku emba Aguga ghaTaka mAtra bandide. idakke badalu (11kha) vAkyadalli kollu kriyApada bandiddu adu ondu mADuvikeyannu sUcisuttade mattu adaralli nAyi emba ondu mADuga ghaTaka mAtravallade bekku emba ondu Aguga ghaTakavU bandide. I (11kha) vAkya adara mUladalli (11ka) vAkyavannu oLagonDide embudannu gamanisabahudu. (12ka-kha)dallU hIgeyE. kannaDadalli mADuga mattu ADugagaLemba eraDu ghaTakagaLU ondE vAkyadalli bandAga avugaLalli ondannu innondarinda pratyEkisuvu dakkAgi Agugadondige annu emba vibhakti pratyayavannu baLasuva kramavide (2.6 nODi).
Aguvikeyannu sUcisuva vAkyadalli ‘Aguga’ ghaTakadondige kriyA padavu sUcisuva ghaTane elli naDeyitu, yAva kaDeyinda naDeyitu mattu yAva kaDegAgi naDeyitu embudAgi mUru rItiya jAga gaLannu sUcisuvudakkAgi ‘jAga’, ‘suru’ mattu ‘kone’ emba ghaTakagaLu bandiralu sAdhyavide. I mUru ghaTakagaLu sUcisuva jAgagaLa naDuviruva vyatyAsagaLannu munde (2.4.4ralli) vivarisalAguvudu. (13ka) mAvina maradalli hU biTTide. (13kha) aTTadinda ondu hagga nEluttide. (13ga) hAgala baLLi mADige habbide. mADuvikeyannu sUcisuva vAkyagaLallU mADuga ghaTakadondige I mUru rItiya jAgagaLannu sUcisuva ghaTakagaLu bandiralu sAdhyavide, mattu ivugaLondige bErondu Aguga ghaTakavU bandiralu sAdhyavide. I eraDu rItiya sAdhyategaLannu (14ka-ga) mattu (15ka- ga) vAkyagaLalli kANabahudu. (14ka) puTTa magu kucriyalli kuLitide. (14kha) rAju maradinda iLida. (14ga) jAnaki aTTakke hattidaLu. (15ka) rAju haNavannu kapATinalli irisiddAne. (15kha) magu plETininda jEnannella nekkitu. (15ga) sItAbAyi akkibuTTige segaNi ujjuttiddALe. (14ka-ga) vAkyagaLalli mADugadondige mUru rItiya jAgagaLannu sUcisuva ghaTakagaLu bandiruvudannu gamanisabahudu. (15ka-ga) vAkya gaLalli mADugadondige ondu AgugavU bandiddu, ivugaLondigU mUru rItiya jAgagaLannu sUcisuva ghaTakagaLannu baLasalAgide. ‘prEraka’ emba hesarina Araneya ghaTakavu sAmAnyavAgi kriyApada dondige isu emba pratyayavannu baLasiruvantaha vAkyagaLalli mAtravE kANisikoLLuttade.
(16ka) rAju bAgilu tereda. (16kha) jAnaki rAjuvina kayyalli bAgilu teresidaLu. (17ka) saynikaru sereyALugaLannella kondaru. (17kha) vIrasEna saynikara mUlaka sereyALugaLannella kollisida. (16kha)dalli jAnaki padavU mattu (17kha)dalli vIrasEna padavU ‘prEraka’ ghaTakavannu sUcisuttive. I ghaTakavU mADuga ghaTakada hAge tanna bayakeyante kelasa naDesuttade, mattu A kelasavannu tanna hatOTi yallirisikonDiruttade. Adare, mADuga ghaTakada hAge prErakavu tAnE A kelasavannu mADuva badalu bErobba vyakti illavE prANiya mUlaka adannu mADisikoLLuttade. ghaTaneya jAgavannu sUcisuva ghaTakagaLu mAtravallade, mEle (2.1.2)ralli sUcisiruva hAge kelavu sandabhragaLalli samayavannu sUcisuva ghaTakagaLU vAkyada ondu mukhya ghaTakavAgi kANisikoLLa balluvu.
2.2.2 mukhyavallada ghaTakagaLu
mEle vivarisida Aru mukhya ghaTakagaLu mAtravallade kriyAvAkyagaLalli kriyApadadondige kelavu mukhyavallada ghaTakagaLU baraballuvu. ivu ellA rItiya vAkyagaLallU baraballuvAgiddu, avugaLa baLake kriyA padada arthavannu avalambisiruvudilla. udAharaNegAgi ellA rItiya kriyApadagaLondigU avugaLa jAga mattu samayagaLannu sUcisuva mukhyavallada ghaTakagaLannu baLasalu sAdhyavide. (18ka) gavDaru tamma tOTadalli I vaShra hatti beLediddAre. (18kha) Ata dEvasthAnada kereyalli mIyuttiddAne. (18ga) rAju klAsinalli ondu kAdambari Oduttidda. (18ka)dalli mADuga ghaTakavAgiruva gavDaru mattu Aguga ghaTaka vAgiruva hatti embiveraDu mAtra mukhya ghaTakagaLu. jAgavannu sUcisuva tamma tOTadalli embudu mattu samayavannu sUcisuva I vaShra embudu iveraDU mukhyavallada ghaTakagaLu. yAkendare beLe emba kriyApada sUcisuva ghaTanege Aguga mattu mADuga ghaTakagaLu mAtra nEravAgi sambandhisiruttave. I rItiyAgi, ghaTane naDeda illavE naDeyaliruva jAga mattu samayagaLu mAtravallade, adu yAva kAraNadinda naDeyitu mattu yAva uddESavannu sAdhisuvudakkAgi naDeyitu, adakkAgi baLasida upakaraNa yAvudu mattu adannu naDesida Sakti yAvudu, adannu naDesuvalli mADuga illavE Aguganondige jotegAranobbaniddalli Ata yAru, mADuga illavE agugavannu hOluvantaha ‘hOluga’ yAru ityAdigaLannu sUcisuva ghaTakagaLu mukhyavallada ghaTakagaLAgi vAkyagaLalli baraballuvu. intaha mukhyavallada kelavu ghaTakagaLa baLakeyannu keLagina vAkyagaLalli kANabahudu.
(19ka) jOrAgi maLe banda kAraNa mEShTu SAlege baralilla. (19kha) rAtriya pUjege Ake hU koyyuttiddALe. (19ga) Ata kategaLannu kempu SAyiyalli bareyuttiddAne. (19gha) bisilige happaLa oNagitu. (19Ga) Ake koDadondige tambigeyallU nIru tumbisiddALe. (19ca) rAjuvinante jAnakigU kAlige peTTAgide. (19cha) magaLa maduvegAgi Ata hattu sAvira sangrahisiddAne. baru kriyApadadondige mukhya ghaTakavAgi ondu mADuga ghaTaka mattu ondu suru illavE kone ghaTaka bandare sAku. Adare (19ka)dalli iveraDarondige ghaTane naDedudakke kAraNavEnembudannu tiLisuva maLe banda kAraNa emba mUraneya mukhyavallada ghaTakavU idE rItiyalli (19kha)dalli bandiruva rAtriya pUjege emba ghaTaka, (19ga)dalli bandiruva kempu SAyiyalli emba ghaTaka, (19gha)dalli bandiruva bisilige emba ghaTaka, (19Ga)dalli bandiruva koDadondige emba ghaTaka, (19ca)dalli bandiruva rAjuvinante emba ghaTaka, mattu (19cha)dalli bandiruva magaLa maduvegAgi emba ghaTaka ivellavU mukhyavallada ghaTakagaLu.
2.3 ghaTakagaLa naDuvina vyatyAsagaLu
Aguga, mADuga, jAga, suru, kone, samaya mattu prErakagaLemba I ELu mukhya ghaTakagaLu yAva rItiyalli ondakkinta ondu bhinnavAgive embudannu svalpa vivaravAgi keLage pariSIlisalAgide.
2.3.1 Aguga mattu mADuga
ondu ghaTaneya mUlaka bEre bEre badalAvaNegaLige oLagAguva vyakti, vastu, viShaya modalAduvannu ‘Aguga’ ghaTaka sUcisuttade. Adare intaha badalAvaNegaLAvuvU I ghaTakada hatOTiyalliruvudilla. ondu ghaTaneyindAgi adu I rIti badalAvaNegaLigoLagAguttiruva badalu hosadAgi huTTikoLLuttirabahudu illavE tayArAguttira bahudu. (20ka) rangarAyaru tamma bAviyannu muccisidaru. (20kha) rangarAyaru ondu maneyannu kaTTisidaru. (20ka) vAkyadalli AgugavAgi bandiruva tamma bAvi emba ghaTaka A vAkyavu sUcisuva ghaTaneyinda badalAvaNegoLagAgide (adu illa vAgide), Adare (20kha)dalli AgugavAgi bandiruva ondu mane emba ghaTaka A vAkyavu sUcisuva ghaTaneyinda hosadAgi tayArAgide embudannu gamanisabahudu. ‘mADuga’ ghaTakavU Agugada hAgeyE kriyApadavu sUcisuva ghaTaneyinda badalAvaNegoLagAguttiralu sAdhyavide. Adare antaha badalAvaNe mADuga ghaTakada hatOTiyalliruttadeyembudE Aguga ghaTakakkU mattu mADuga ghaTakakkU naDuviruva mukhya vyatyAsa. (21ka) rAju manege ODida. (21kha) rAju mahaDiyinda keLage bidda. rAju embudu (21ka)dalli mADuga ghaTakavAgiyU mattu (21kha) dalli Aguga ghaTakavAgiyU bandiruvudannu gamanisabahudu. (21ka) sUcisuva ghaTane rAjuvina hatOTiyallide, Adare (21kha) sUcisuva ghaTane Atana hatOTiyallilla. ondu ghaTaneyannu hatOTiyallirisikoLLalu sAdhyavilladantaha mane, mara modalAduvannU kelavomme mADuga ghaTakavAgi vAkya gaLalli baLasalu sAdhyaviddu, hAge mADidAga avakke ghaTaneyondannu hatOTiyallirisikoLLuva Sakti bandiruva hAge kANisuttade. (22ka) A bhUtada mane Aru janarannu bali tegedukonDide.
(22kha) A Aladamara nUrAru hakkigaLige ASraya nIDide. (22ga) Atana hADuvike marada mElidda kAgeyannu bedarisitu.
2.3.2 jAga, suru mattu kone
jAga, suru mattu kone emba I mUru ghaTakagaLU mukhyavAgi ghaTanege sambandhisiruva jAgavannu sUcisuva ghaTakagaLu. ivugaLalli jAga ghaTakavu ondu jAgadalli naDeyuva ghaTaneyannu sUcisuvu dAdare, suru ghaTakavu ondu jAgavannu ‘biTTu’ hOguvantaha ghaTaneyannU mattu kone ghaTakavu ondu jAgada ‘kaDegAgi’ naDeyuva ghaTaneyannU sUcisuttave. I mUru rItiya ghaTakagaLa naDuviruva I vyatyAsavannu keLagina vAkyagaLalli kANabahudu. (23ka) rAju tanna pustakavannu kapATinalli irisida. (23kha) rAju kapATininda ondu ilimariyannu tegeda. (23ga) sItAbAyi akkibuTTige segaNi ujjidaLu. (23ka)dalli irisu kriyApada bandiddu idu ondu jAgadalli naDeyuva ghaTaneyannu sUcisuvudAda kAraNa adarondige jAgavannu sUcisuva kapATinalli ghaTaka bandide. idakke badalu (23kha)dalli tege kriyApada bandiddu, idu ondu jAgavannu biTTu hOguva ghaTane yannu sUcisuvudAda kAraNa adarondige kapATininda emba suru ghaTaka bandide. (23ga)dalli ujju kriyApada bandiddu adu ondu jAgada kaDegAgi naDeyuva ghaTaneyannu sUcisuvudAda kAraNa adarondige akkibuTTige emba kone ghaTaka bandide. kelavu kriyApadagaLannu I mUru rItiya ghaTakagaLondigU baLasalu sAdhyaviddu avu tammondige bandiruva ghaTakada svarUpa vannAdharisi ondE ghaTaneya bEre bEre amSagaLige ottu koDaballuvu. (24ka) makkaLella TerEsinalli ODuttiddAre. (24kha) makkaLella TerEsininda ODuttiddAre. (24ga) makkaLella TerEsige ODuttiddAre. mElina mUru vAkyagaLallU ODu emba ondE kriyApada bandide. Adare (24ka)dalli adu TerEsinalli emba jAga ghaTakadondige bandiruva kAraNa ODuva ghaTane ondu jAgadalli naDeyuttiruvudannU, (24kha)dalli TerEsige emba suru ghaTakadondige bandiruva kAraNa adE ghaTane ondu jAgavannu biTTu naDeyuttiruvudannU mattu (24ga)dalli TerEsige emba kone ghaTakadondige bandiruva kAraNa adE ghaTane ondu jAgada kaDegAgi naDeyuttiruvudannU sUcisuttade.
2.3.3 suru mattu kone ghaTakagaLa heccina baLakegaLu
suru mattu kone ghaTakagaLu nEravAgi obba vyaktiya illavE ondu vastuvina kadaluvikege sambandhisiruva jAgagaLannu sUcisuva badalu ondu anubhavada ‘kadaluvike’yannU sUcisaballuvu.
(25ka) jAnaki tanna tAyiyinda ondu hADu kalitaLu. (25kha) jAnakige avaLa tAyi ondu hADu kalisidaLu. kali kriyApada suru ghaTakadondigU mattu kalisu kriyApada kone ghaTakadondigU baraballudu embudannu (25ka-kha) vAkyagaLinda tiLiyabahudu. Adare illi nijakkU ondu vastuvina kadaluvike naDedilla. jAnaki tannallillada anubhavavondannu paDediddu adakke mUla avaLa tAyi embudAgi kadaluvikege sambandhisida ghaTakagaLu illi avugaLa heccina arthadalli baLakeyAgive. intaha heccina arthagaLalli suru ghaTakakkintalU kone ghaTakada baLake kannaDadalli heccu rUDhiyallide. I viShayavannu keLagina udA haraNegaLu spaShTapaDisuttave. (26ka) ajja makkaLigondu kate hELida. (26kha) narige drAkShe haNNu eTakitu. (26ga) avaLige kOpa bandide. (26gha) avanige dikku tappitu. kone ghaTakavannu (26ka)dalli ‘ajja hELida kate yArannu talapide’ embudannu sUcisuvudakkAyU, (26kha)dalli ‘drAkShe haNNu eTakuva’ anubhava yArigAyitu embudannu tiLisuvudakkAgiyU, (26ga)dalli ‘kOpa baruva’ anubhava yArigAyitu embudannu tiLisuvudakkAgiyU mattu (26gha)dalli ‘dikku tappuva’ anubhava yArigAyitu embudannu tiLisuvudakkAgiyU baLasalAgide. viShayavAkyagaLalli ondu guNadharmada iruvikeyannu sUcisuvu dakkAgiyU kone ghaTakavannu baLasalu sAdhyavide embudannu munde 3.4ralli nODaliruvevu.
2.4 kriyApadagaLa vibhajane
kriyApadagaLondige baruva mukhya ghaTakagaLa sankhye mattu svarUpa iveraDU avugaLa arthavannavalambiside. udAharaNegAgi, heccina kriyApadagaLigU isu pratyayavannu sErisi, ‘avu sUcisuva ghaTane innobba vyaktiya prEraNeyinda naDedide’ embantaha heccina arthavannu kriyApadagaLige sErisalu sAdhyavide. I rIti heccina arthaviruva kriyApadagaLondige sAmAnyavAgi ondu heccina mukhya ghaTakavU bandiruttade.
(27ka) nIru kudiyitu. (27kha) jAnaki nIru kudisidaLu. (28ka) namma Urige obba mAntrika bandidda. (28kha) namma Urige paTElaru obba mAntrikanannu barisiddaru. (27ka)dalli kudi kriyApadadondige kudiyuva vastuvannu sUcisuva nIru emba Aguga ghaTaka mAtra bandide. Adare (27kha)dalli I kriyApadakke isu pratyayavannu sErisi tayArisida kudisu kriyApada bandideyAda kAraNa adarondige jAnaki emba heccina ghaTakavannu baLasabEkAgide. idu kudiyuva ghaTanege mADuganobbanannu sErisu (28ka)dalli baru kriyApadadondige mADuga mattu jAgagaLu bandive, Adare (28kha)dalli I kriyApadakke isu pratyayavannu sErisideyAda kAraNa adarondige mADuga mattu jAgagaLu mAtra vallade ondu ‘prEraka’vU bandide. I rIti kriyApadagaLondige baruva mukhya ghaTakagaLa sankhye mattu svarUpa iveraDU avugaLa arthavannavalambisiveyAda kAraNa, kriyA padagaLannu avugaLondige baraballa mukhya ghaTakagaLa AdhArada mEle bEre bEre vagragaLalli vingaDisalu sAdhyavide.
2.4.1 ghaTakavillade baruva kriyApadagaLu
kannaDada heccina kriyApadagaLigU kaDimeyendare ondAdarU mukhya ghaTakada avaSyakateyiruttade. idakke apavAdavAgi guDugu, mincu embantaha kelavE kelavu kriyApadagaLu mAtra yAva mukhya ghaTakavU illade baraballuvu. udA: (29ka) ninne jOru mincuttittu. (29kha) jOru guDuguttA ide. mEle (29ka) vAkyadalli mincu kriyApadondige ninne mattu jOru emba eraDu mAtra bandiveyallade guNapadagaLu ghaTakagaLAvuvU bandilla. (29kha)dalli guDugu kriyApadadondige jOru guNapada mAtra bandide. Adare intaha kriyApadagaLondige avugaLige sambandhisiruva guDugu, mincu embantaha nAmapadagaLannu Aguga ghaTakagaLAgi baLasalu sAdhyavideyAda kAraNa (30ka-kha nODi), avannU mElina niyamakke apavAdagaLendu tiLiyabEkAgilla. idallade, intaha kriyA padagaLondige sAmAnyavAgi avu sUcisuva ghaTaneya samaya illavE jAgavannu sUcisuva ghaTakagaLU baruttiddu (31ka-kha nODi), I ghaTakagaLu heccu kaDime avugaLa mukhya ghaTakagaLa hAgeyE vatrisu ttave. (30ka) guDugu guDugitu. (30kha) mincu mincitu. (31ka) A Uralli dinAlU beLigge Aru ganTege guDuguttittu. (31kha) A kaDe jOrAgi mincuttide.
2.4.2 ghaTaneya hatOTi
mEle sUcisiruvante, kannaDada kriyApadagaLannu avu tiLisuva ghaTane hatOTiyalliruvantahadO athavA allavO emba viShayada mEle eraDu mukhya vibhAgagaLalli vingaDisalu sAdhyavide. hatOTiyallillada ghaTaneyannu sUcisuva kriyApadagaLu Aguga ghaTakadondige baruttave yAdare hatOTiyalliruva ghaTaneyannu sUcisuva kriyApadagaLu mADuga ghaTakadondige baruttave. udAharaNegAgi, kudi, bEyu, oNagu, sAyu, araLu modalAda kriyApadagaLu hatOTiyallilladiruva ghaTanegaLannu sUcisu ttiddu, avugaLondige ondu Aguga ghaTaka mAtra mukhya ghaTakavAgi baraballudu, mattu ODu, aLu, malagu, hAru, kuNi modalAda kriyApadagaLu hatOTiyalliruva ghaTanegaLannu sUcisuttiddu avuga Londige ondu mADuga ghaTaka mAtra mukhya ghaTakavAgi baraballudu.
(32ka) gulAbi hU araLide. (32kha) baTTe oNagitu. (32ga) rAjuvina kappu nAyi sattide. (33ka) rAju ODida. (33kha) magu aLuttide. (33ga) avaLu kuNidaLu. hatOTiyalliruva ghaTaneyannu sUcisuva kriyApadagaLalli kelavu ondu mADuga ghaTaka mAtravallade adarondige ondu Aguga ghaTaka vannU paDediralu sAdhyavide. udAharaNegAgi, mADu, eLe, kare, taTTu, neDu, tinnu modalAda kriyApadagaLu hatOTiyalliruva ghaTanegaLannu sUcisuttiddu, avugaLondige mukhya ghaTakavAgi ondu mADuga ghaTaka mAtravallade ondu Aguga ghaTakavU baraballudu.
(34ka) rAju ondu gombe mADida. (34kha) Ane ondu maravannu eLeyuttide. (34ga) avanu ondu giDa naTTiddAne. idallade, mEle vivarisiruva mUru rItiya kriyApadagaLallU kelavu jAga, suru illavE kone emba ghaTakagaLannu paDeyaballuvu. udAharaNegAgi, karagu, tElu, tumbu, tuLuku, ingu modalAda kriyApadagaLu hatOTiyallillada ghaTanegaLannu sUcisuttiddu avuga Londige mukhya ghaTakavAgi ondu Aguga ghaTaka mAtravallade ondu jAga ghaTakavU baraballudu. (35ka) I hAlina puDi bisinIrinallU karaguttade. (35kha) nIrinalli kasa tEluttide. (35ga) koDadalli nIru tumbitu. idE rItiyalli, hatOTiyalliruva ghaTanegaLannu sUcisuva tangu, nelesu, aDagu, ale, toDagu modalAda kriyApada gaLondige ondu mADuga ghaTaka mAtravallade ondu jAga ghaTakavU mukhya ghaTakavAgi baraballudu. (36ka) kaLLaru ondu guheyalli aDagiddaru. (36kha) huDugaru bahaLa hottu kADinalli aleyuttiddaru. (36ga) avaru I Urinalli nelesiddAre. cellu, bittu, irisu, tumbu modalAda hatOTiyalliruva ghaTanegaLannu sUcisuva kriyApadagaLondige mADuga, Aguga mattu jAgagaLemba mUru rItiya ghaTakagaLU mukhya ghaTakagaLAgi bara balluvu. (37ka) makkaLu I kONeyalli nIru celliddAre. (37kha) rAju tanna cIlavannu kapATinalli irisiddAne. (37ga) Ake sihinIrannu I koDadalli tumbiddALe. jAga ghaTakada badalu suru illavE kone ghaTakavannu mukhya ghaTakavAgi paDediruva mEle sUcisidantaha mUru rItiya kriyApada gaLige udAharaNegaLannu keLage koDalAgide. (38ka) aTTadinda ondu hagga nEluttide. (38kha) avana beraLige ondu muLLu cuccitu. (39ka) avanu illinda tolagali. (39kha) rAju harige hoDeda. (40ka) Ata bAviyinda nIru sEduttiddAne. (40kha) Ake gAyakke mulAmu haccuttiddALe. Agugadondige (38ka)dalli suru ghaTaka bandideyAdare, (38kha)dalli kone ghaTaka bandide. idE rItiyalli mADugadondige (39ka)dalli suru ghaTakavU mattu (39kha)dalli kone ghaTakavU bandiruvudannu kANabahudu. Aguga mattu mADugagaLeraDarondige suru mattu kone ghaTakagaLannu paDediruva kriyApadagaLige udAharaNegaLannu (40ka- kha)gaLalli kANabahudu.
2.4.3 Agu kriyApadada ghaTakagaLu
ghaTakagaLa maTTige hatOTiyallillada ghaTaneyannu sUcisuva Agu kriyApada antaha itara kriyApadagaLiginta kelavu viShayagaLalli bhinna vAgide. modalaneyadAgi, adarondige eraDu ghaTakagaLu baralu sAdhyaviddu, avugaLalli ondu jAgavannU mattu innondu A jAgadalli naDediruva ghaTane, kANisuva vastu modalAduvannU sUcisuttave. (41ka) Atana kAlinalli huNNAgide. (41kha) Ake neTTa giDadalli hUvAgide. (41ga) avara maneyalli EnO galATeyAguttide. eraDaneyadAgi, I kriyApadadondige baruva ghaTakagaLeraDU ondE vyakti illavE vastuvannu gurutisalu sAdhyaviddu, avu A vyakti illavE vastuvige eraDu bEre bEre samayagaLalliruva avasthegaLannu sUcisaballuvu. Agu kriyApada I eraDu avasthegaLannu sambandhisuva ghaTaneyannu sUcisuttade. (42ka) rAju haNavantanAda. (42kha) rAjakumAra kappeyAda. (42ga) avaru adhyakSharAguttAre. (42gha) avana tOLu Akeya taledimbAgide. (42ka)dalli bandiruva rAju mattu haNavanta emba eraDu ghaTakagaLU obbanE vyaktiyannu gurutisuttive embudannu gamanisabahudu. idE rItiyalli (42kha)dalli bandiruva rAjakumAra mattu kappe emba eraDu ghaTakagaLU obbanE vyaktiyannu gurutisuttiddu, avu A vyaktiya eraDu avasthegaLannu sUcisuttive. Agu kriyApadadondige baruva ghaTakagaLeraDU I rIti ondE vyakti illavE vastuvannu gurutisuvudiddalli avu ondE vibhakti rUpadalli baLakeyAguttave. intaha vAkyagaLannu mADu kriyA padaviruva bErondu vAkyada oLagirisi hELidAga I viShaya innaShTu spaShTavAguttade.
(43ka) rAjakumAra kappeyAda. (43kha) mantravAdi rAjakumAranannu kappeyannAgi mADida. (43ga) avanu SrImantanAda.
(43gha) avanannu SrImantanannAgi mADiddu avana buddhivantike. (43ka)dalli bandiruva rAjakumAra mattu kappe emba eraDu ghaTakagaLU ondE vibhaktiyalli baruvuvemba viShaya A vAkyavannu oLavAkyavAgi paDediruva (43kha) vAkyadalli spaShTavAgi kANisuttade.
2.4.4 kadaluva mattu kadalada ghaTanegaLu
jAgavondannu sUcisabEkAgiruva kriyApadagaLannu kadaluva ghaTane gaLannu sUcisuvavugaLu mattu kadalada ghaTanegaLannu sUcisuvavugaLu
embudAgi eraDu mukhya vibhAgagaLalli vingaDisalu sAdhyavide. ivu gaLalli kadalada ghaTanegaLannu sUcisuva kriyApadagaLondige jAga ghaTaka baraballudAdare kadaluva ghaTanegaLannu sUcisuva kriyApadagaLondige suru illavE kone ghaTakagaLu (athavA averaDU oTTAgi) baraballuvu.
kadaluva ghaTanegaLallella yAvudAdarU ondu jAgadinda illavE ondu jAgada kaDegAgi naDeyuva calane nEravAgi illavE sUkShmavAgi sUcitavAgiruttade. I calane suruvAguvudelli embudannu suru ghaTakavU mattu adu konegoLLuvudelli embudannu kone ghaTakavU tiLisuttave. kelavu kriyApadagaLondige I eraDu rItiya ghaTakagaLalli ondu mAtra baraballudu, Adare bEre kelavu rItiya kriyApada gaLondige iveraDU oTTAgi baraballuvu. (44ka) jAnaki akkiyinda kallu hekkuttiddALe. (44kha) sItAbAyi akkibuTTige segaNi ujjuttiddALe. (44ga) svAmigaLa savAri puNeyinda bombAyige hOgide. (44ka)dalli bandiruva hekku kriyApada ondu jAgadinda naDeyuva calaneyannu sUcisuvudAda kAraNa adarondige akkiyinda emba suru ghaTaka bandide. idakke badalu (44kha)dalli bandiruva ujju kriyApada ondu jAgada kaDegAgi naDeyuva calaneyannu sUcisuvu dAda kAraNa adarondige akki buTTige emba ‘kone’ ghaTaka bandide.
(44ga)dalli bandiruva hOgu kriyApada intaha eraDu rItiya calanegaLannU (endare ondu jAgadinda naDeyuva calaneyannu mattu innondu jAgada kaDegAgi naDeyuva calaneyannu) sUcisuvudAda kAraNa adarondige puNeyinda emba suru ghaTaka mAtravallade bombAyige emba kone ghaTakavU bandide.
kadalada ghaTanegaLalli I rIti calaneya arthaviruvudilla. hAgAgi antaha ghaTanegaLannu sUcisuva kriyApadagaLondige avu sUcisuva ghaTane elli naDeyuttade embudannu tiLisuva jAga ghaTaka mAtravE baraballudu. (45ka) rAju haNavannu kapATinalli irisiddAne. (45kha) darODekOraru haNavannu kADinalli aDagisiddAre. (45ga) mudukiya Sava bAviyalli tEluttide.
2.5 vibhajaneya samasyegaLu
I rIti kriyApadagaLondige entaha ghaTakagaLu mattu eShTu ghaTakagaLu mukhya ghaTakagaLAgi baruttave emba viShayada AdhArada mEle avannu bEre bEre gumpugaLalli vingaDisi hELuvalli ondu mukhyavAda tondareyide. adEnendare, kannaDadalli baLakeyAguva halavu kriyApada gaLu intaha yAvudAdarU ondu gumpinalli mAtravE uLiyuva badalu eraDu athavA jAsti gumpugaLalli baruttave, mattu avu yAva gumpinalli baruttave embudara mEle avugaLa arthadallU vyatyAsa kanDubaruttade.
2.5.1 hatOTiya sUcane
ondu ghaTaneyannu varNisuva samayadalli adu naDedideyendiShTE hELabahudu illavE adu obba vyakti illavE prANiya hatOTiyalli naDedideyendu sUcisabahudu. heccina kriyApadagaLannU I eraDaneya arthadalli baLasabEkiddalli avakke isu pratyayavannu sErisabEkAguttade. keLage (ka) vAkyagaLalli hatOTiyallillada ghaTanegaLannU mattu (kha) vAkyagaLalli hatOTiyalliruvavugaLannU sUcisalAgide (46ka) nIru kudiyitu. (46kha) jAnaki nIru kudisidaLu. (47ka) nIru mugiyitu. (47kha) jAnaki nIru mugisidaLu. Adare oDe, beLe, kadaDu, magucu, sigi, muri, hari, Eru modalAda kelavu kriyApadagaLannu avugaLalli yAva badalAvaNeyannU mADade hAgeyE mEle sUcisida eraDu sandabhragaLallU baLasalu sAdhyavide.
(48ka) koDa oDeyitu. (48kha) sItAbAyi koDa oDedaLu. (49ka) gellu muriyitu. (49kha) rAju gellu murida. (48ka) vAkyadalli oDe kriyApada ondu hatOTiyallillada ghaTane yannu sUcisuttideyAdare, (48kha) vAkyadalli adE kriyApada ondu hatOTiyalliruva ghaTaneyannu sUcisuttide. (48ka)dalli I kriyA padadondige ondu Aguga ghaTaka (koDa) mAtra bandide, Adare (48kha)dalli adarondige I Aguga ghaTaka mAtravallade ondu mADuga ghaTakavU (sItAbAyi embudU) bandide. (49ka-kha) vAkya gaLallU hIgeyE.
turisu, meccu, oppu, tappu, hOgu, mare modalAda bEre kelavu kriyApadagaLU mElinavugaLa hAgeyE hatOTiyalliruva illavE hatOTiyalli illadiruva ghaTanegaLannu yAva pratyayada sahAyavilladeyU sUcisaballuvu. Adare I kriyApadagaLu tiLisuva ghaTane hatOTiyallilla embudannu sUcisabEkiddalli, antaha ghaTane yalli toDagiruva vyakti, prANi modalAduvannu mADuga ghaTakada mUlaka sUcisuva badalu kone ghaTakada mUlaka sUcisabEkAguttade. (50ka) janAdrana tale turisida. (50kha) janAdrananige tale turisitu. (51ka) girISa pAThavannu maretiddAne. (51kha) girISanige pATha maretide. hatOTiyallillada ghaTaneyannAgali illavE hatOTiyalliruva ghaTaneyannAgali pratyayavannu baLasadEnE sUcisaballa bILu, tEgu, AkaLisu modalAda bEreyU kelavu kriyApadagaLU kannaDadallive. Adare I kriyApadagaLu hatOTiyalliruva ghaTaneyannu sUcisuvAga mElina kriyApadagaLa baLakeyalli kANisida hAge avugaLondige baruva ghaTakagaLa sankhyeyalli illavE svarUpadalli badalAvaNeyAguvudilla. (52ka) rAju bidda. (52kha) avanu AkaLisida. mElina kriyApadagaLu hatOTiyallillada ghaTaneyannu sUcisuvu diddalli, avugaLondige baruva ghaTakavannu AgugavendU mattu hatOTiyalliruva ghaTaneyannu sUcisuvudiddalli adE ghaTakavannu mADugavendU parigaNisabEkAguvudembudE ivugaLa baLakeyalli kANisuva vaySiShTya.
udAharaNegAgi, bILu kriyApada sAmAnyavAgi bILuvavana hatOTiyallillada ghaTaneyannu sUcisuttade. Adare, kelavu viSiShTavAda sandabhragaLalli (udAharaNegAgi nATakadalli pAtra vahisuttiruva obba vyakti keLage bILuvante naTisabEkAgiruvAga) adu ondu hatOTi yalliruva ghaTaneyannU sUcisuttiralu sAdhyavide. modalaneya baLake yalli adondu Aguga ghaTakadondige bandideyendu hELabEkAgu ttade mattu eraDaneya baLakeyalli adondu mADuga ghaTakadondige bandideyendu hELabEkAguttade.
2.5.2 samagrateya sUcane
kannaDada kriyApadagaLalli kelavu sUcisuva ghaTanegaLu Agugavannu pUtri yAgi bAdhisuttave, Adare bEre kelavu Agugada ondu bhAgavannaShTE bAdhisuttave. udAharaNegAgi, keLage koTTiruva eraDu vAkyagaLannu gamanisabahudu. (53ka) rAju mEjannu muTTida. (53kha) rAju nadiyannu dATida. rAju mEjina tudiyannu mAtravE muTTiruvanAdarU (53ka) vAkya vannu baLasalu sAdhyavide, Adare (53kha) vAkyavannu baLasabEkiddalli Ata pUtriyAgi nadiya ondu danDeyinda innondu danDege hOgi talapiruvudu avaSya. dATu kriyApadavu sUcisuva ghaTane obba vyakti illavE vastuvannu pUtriyAgi bAdhisuttade, Adare muTTu kriyA padavu sUcisuva ghaTane vyakti illavE vastuvina ondu bhAgavannaShTE bAdhisuttiralu sAdhyavide. hattu, Iju, Odu modalAda kelavu kriyApadagaLu I eraDu rItiya ghaTanegaLannU sUcisalu sAdhyaviddu, modalaneya arthadalli avugaLondige ondu Aguga ghaTaka baruvudAdare, eraDaneya artha dalli ondu kone illavE jAga ghaTaka baruttade. (54ka) Ata kAvEri nadiyannu Ijida. (54kha) Ata kAvEri nadiyalli Ijida. (55ka) Ata ENiyinda maravannu hattida. (55kha) Ata ENiyinda marakke hattida. (54ka)dalli Iju kriyApadadondige mADuga mattu Aguga ghaTakagaLu bandiddu, adakke ‘Ata kAvEri nadiya ondu daDadinda innondu daDakke Ijida’ embudAgi samagrArthavide. Adare, (54kha) dalli idE kriyApadadondige mADuga mattu jAga ghaTakagaLu bandiddu, adakke ‘Ata kAvEri nadiya ondu bhAgadalli Ijida’ endiShTE arthavide. (55ka-kha)dallU hIgeyE.
tumbu, suli, hinDu, koyyu, kuDi, Odu, bare modalAda bEre kelavu kriyApadagaLU idE rItiyalli vyakti, vastu modalA duvannu pUtriyAgi illavE avugaLa ondu bhAgavannaShTE bAdhisu ttiralu sAdhyaviddu, intaha vyakti illavE vastuvannu sUcisuva ghaTaka gaLu avugaLondige Agugada rUpadallAgalI illavE suru athavA jAgada rUpadallAgalI baraballuvu.
(56ka) avanu A pustakavannu OdiddAne. (56kha) avanu A pustakadinda ondu kateyannu OdiddAne. (57ka) Ake ondu pustakavannu barediddALe. (57kha) Ake ondu pustakadalli kaviteyannu barediddALe. (56ka)dalli Odu kriyApadadondige pustaka emba pada ondu Aguga ghaTakavAgi bandide, mattu A kriyApada sUcisuva ghaTane pustakavannu pUtriyAgi bAdhisuttadeyemba artha A vAkyakkide. Adare, (56kha)dalli adE kriyApadadondige pustaka emba pada ondu suru ghaTakavAgi bandide mattu A vAkyakke Odu kriyApada sUcisuva ghaTane pustakada ondu bhAgavannaShTE bAdhisuttadeyemba arthavide. (57ka-kha)gaLalli bandiruva bare kriyApadakkU I rIti eraDu baLakegaLiruvudannu kANa bahudu.
2.5.3 kadaluvikeya sUcane
kriyApadagaLannu kadaluvavu mattu kadaladavu embudAgi eraDu gumpugaLalli vingaDisalu sAdhya embudannu nAvu mEle (2.4.4ralli) nODiruvevu. kadaluva kriyApadagaLondige suru illavE kone ghaTaka baruvudAdare, kadalada kriyApadagaLondige jAga ghaTaka baruttade. Adare, addu, bILu, hAku modalAda kelavu kriyApadagaLu ondu jAga ghaTakadondigAgalI illavE ondu suru athavA kone ghaTakadondigAgalI baraballuvAgiddu, avu entaha ghaTakadondige baruttave embudannAdharisi, avugaLa baLakeyalli I eraDu rItiya ghaTanegaLU sUcitavAguttave. (58ka) poೀlIsaru A kaLLana beraLannu kudiyuva eNNiyalli addidaru. (58kha) poೀlIsaru A kaLLana beraLannu kudiyuva eNNige addidaru. (59ka) surESana hosa cenDu nIrinalli biddide. (59kha) surESana hosa cenDu nIrige biddide. addu kriyApada sAmAnyavAgi ondu calaneyannu sUcisuttiruttade. Adare, adarondige (58kha)dalli kANisida hAge ondu kone ghaTaka vannu baLasidAga I calaneya mEle ottu bILuttade, mattu (58ka) dalli kANisida hAge jAga ghaTakavannu baLasidAga calaneya mEle ottu bILuvudilla. idE rItiyalli bILu kriyApadadondige jAga ghaTakavannu baLasidAga calaneya mEle ottu bILuvudilla (59ka), Adare kone ghaTakavannu baLasidAga calaneya mEle ottu bILuttade (59kha).
2.6 ghaTakagaLannu pratyEkisuvudu
mEle sUcisiruva hAge, kriyApadagaLondige avu tiLisuva ghaTaneya svarUpavannAdharisi bEre bEre rItiya ghaTakagaLannu baLasuva avaSyakate yide. ondu vAkyadalli ondE mukhya ghaTaka bandideyAdare adu yAvudu embudannu kriyApadada svarUpada AdhArada mEle tiLiyalu kaShTavAguvudilla. udAharaNegAgi, ondu kriyApadavu hatOTi yallilladiruva ghaTaneyannu sUcisuttideyAdare adarondige bandiruva ghaTaka AgugavendU mattu hatOTiyalliruva ghaTaneyannu sUcisuttide yAdare adarondige bandiruva ghaTaka mADugavendU hELalu sAdhya (60ka) rAju daNida. (60kha) rAju kuLita. (60ka) vAkya hatOTiyallillada ghaTaneyondannu sUcisuttiruva kAraNa, adaralli bandiruva rAju emba pada Aguga ghaTakavannu sUcisuttide. Adare (60kha) vAkya hatOTiyalliruva ghaTaneyondannu sUcisuttiddu, adaralli bandiruva adE pada mADuga ghaTakavannu sUcisuttide. ondu vAkyadalli eraDu athavA jAsti ghaTakagaLu bandiveyAdalli, avugaLalli yAvudu yAva ghaTaka embudAgi avannu pratyEkisi hELuva avaSyakateyunTAguttade. I rIti vAkyavondaralli bandiruva ghaTaka gaLannu pratyEkisuvudakkAgi vibhakti pratyayagaLannAgalI illavE bEre yAvudAdarU padagaLannAgalI sErisuva krama baLakeyallide.
udAharaNegAgi ondu vAkyadalli mADuga mattu AgugagaLemba eraDu ghaTakagaLU oTTAgi bandiveyAdalli, averaDaralli yAvudu mADuga mattu yAvudu Aguga embudannu tiLisuvudakkAgi avugaLalli ondarondige (Agugadondige) annu emba vibhakti pratyayavannu baLasa lAguttade. (61ka) hari bidda. (61kha) rAju hariyannu dUDida.
(61ka) vAkyadalli Agugavannu sUcisuva ondu ghaTaka (hari embudu) mAtra bandide. hAgAgi adakkU kriyApadakkU naDuve entaha sambandha vide embudannu sUcisuva avaSyakateyilla. Adare, (61kha)dalli Aguga mattu mADugagaLeraDU oTTAgi bandiveyAda kAraNa, avannu gurutisuva eraDu padagaLalli (hari mattu rAju embavugaLalli) yAvudu Aguga mattu yAvudu mADuga embudannu spaShTapaDisuvudakkAgi Agugadondige annu pratyayavannu baLasabEkAgide embudannu (61kha)dalli kANabahudu.
2.6.1 annu pratyayada baLake
ondu vAkyadalli mADugavannu sUcisuva pada obba vyakti illavE ondu prANiyannu gurutisuttiddu, Agugavannu sUcisuva pada ondu vastuvannu gurutisuttideyAdalli, averaDaralli yAvudu Aguga mattu yAvudu mADuga emba viShayadalli samSaya baruva sambhava kaDime. yAkendare, antaha sandabhragaLallella vyakti illavE prANi mADuga vAgiruttade mattu vastu AgugavAgiruttade. hAgAgi antaha vAkyagaLalli Agugavannu gurutisuva padadondige annu pratyayavannu baLasadiralu sAdhyavide. (62ka) rAju ondu kAgada(vannu) bareyuttiddAne. (62kha) jAnaki aDuge(yannu) mADidaLu. Adare sAmAnyavAgi Agugavannu sUcisuva pada kriyApadada hattira bandiruvAga mAtra I rIti annu pratyayavannu baLasadiralu sAdhya. adakkU kriyApadakkU naDuve yAvudAdarU bEre pada illavE pratyaya bandideyAdare idu sAdhyavAgadu. (63ka) rAju ondu kAgadavannu bEgane bareyuttiddAne. (63kha) rAju ondu kAgadavannU bareyuttiddAne.
6.2.2 jAga, suru mattu kone
ghaTanege sambandhisida jAga, suru mattu konegaLannu sUcisuvudakkAgi kannaDadalli alli, inda mattu ge emba mUru vibhakti pratyayagaLu baLakeyAguttave. (64ka) Ake koDadalli nIru tumbisidaLu. (64kha) avaru maneyinda horage bandaru. (64ga) rAju manege hOda. ivugaLalli ge pratyayakke akAradalli konegoLLuva nAmapadagaLa munde kke emba rUpavide, mattu ukAradalli konegoLLuva nAmapada gaLa munde ige emba rUpavide.
mola molakke
kaTTaDa kaTTaDakke
mane manege kallige kallu akAradalli konegoLLuva padagaLu manuShyarannu sUcisuttive yAdalli avakke ondu nakAra sEruttade mattu avugaLa munde I pratyayakke kke embudara badalu ige emba rUpavide. manuShya akkanige manuShyanige suru mattu konegaLannu sUcisuva alli mattu inda emba vibhakti pratyayagaLu itara vibhakti pratyayagaLa hAge nEravAgi nAmapada gaLondige sEruva badalu avugaLa sambandharUpadondige sEruttave.
nAmapada sambandha rUpa marada mara taleya kADu kADina maradalli maradinda rAjanalli rAjaninda taleyalli taleyinda kADinalli kADininda sAmAnyavAgi manuShyarannu sUcisuva padagaLondige alli pratyaya bandideyAdare adakke jAgavannu sUcisuva arthakkintalU uLLavanannu illavE oDetanaviruvavanannu sUcisuva artha baruttade. (65ka) nammalli eraDu danagaLive. (65kha) A pustakavannu rAju avaralli koTTiddAne.
2.6.3 sambandhavannu sUcisuva padagaLu
ghaTakagaLigU mattu kriyApadakkU naDuviruva sambandhavannu sUcisuvu dakkAgi mEle vivarisidante heccina sandabhragaLallU vibhakti pratyaya gaLannu baLasalAguttade. Adare, kannaDadalli oTTu annu, inda, ge mattu alli embudAgi mAtra baLakeyalliveyAda kAraNa, kelavu sandabhragaLalli I kelasakkAgi bEre padagaLannu baLasuva avaSyakate kanDubaruttade. nAlku vibhakti pratyayagaLu udAharaNegAgi mADuga ghaTakadondige ondu vAkyadalli Aguga mattu prErakagaLeraDU bandiveyAdare, avugaLalli Agugavannu uLida eraDu ghaTakagaLinda pratyEkisalu annu pratyayavannu baLasabahudu. Adare mADuga mattu prErakagaLannu pratyEkisi hELalu kannaDadalli yAva vibhakti pratyayavU illa. hAgAgi, intaha vAkyagaLalli mADugadondige kayyalli illavE mUlaka emba padavannu baLasabEkAguttade. (66ka) baDade kaTTige oDeda. (66kha) sItAbAyi baDadeya kayyalli kaTTige oDesidaLu. (67ka) sIte ondu gombe tandiddALe. (67kha) jAnaki sIteya mUlaka ondu gombe tarisiddALe. jAgavannu sUcisuvudakkAgi alli pratyayada baLakeyAguttade embu dannu nAvu mEle nODiruvevu. Adare jAgagaLalli halavu vidhagaLiddu, avugaLa naDuvina vyatyAsagaLannu sUcisuvudakkAgi kannaDadalli vibhakti pratyayagaLa badalu padagaLannu baLasalAguttade. I padagaLu nAmapada gaLa sambandha rUpadondige baruttave. (68ka) gellina mEle ondu hakki kuLitide. (68kha) A halasina marada Ace gandhasAle bittiddEve. (68ga) avaru tamma maneya sutta muLLina giDa neTTiddAre. (68gha) ajjammanavaru aDuge kONeyoLage malagiddaru. (68Ga) A huDuga tanna tandeya hattira nintiddAne. mElina vAkyagaLalli mEle, Ace, sutta, oLage mattu hattira emba padagaLu bEre bEre rItiya jAgagaLannu sUcisuttive embudannu gamanisabahudu. intaha padagaLu sUcisuva jAgagaLu kadaluvikeya suru illavE konegaLAgiddalli I viShayavannu sUcisalu avugaLondige inda mattu ge emba pratyayagaLannu baLasalu sAdhyavide. (69ka) gellina mElininda hakki hAri hOyitu. (69kha) Ata marada Acege hOda.
2.7 vyavahAra sambandha
vAkyagaLalli baruva ghaTakagaLigU mattu kriyApadakkU naDuviruva sambandhagaLannu sUcisuva bage hEge embudannu nAvu mElina vibhAgagaLalli (2.1-2.6ralli) nODiruvevu. I ellA sambandhagaLU vAkyada arthakke sambandhisiveyAda kAraNa ivannella oTTAgi ‘artha’ sambandhagaLendu kareyabahudu. ivannu sUcisuvudakkAgi kannaDadalli prAmukhyavAgi vibhakti pratyayagaLa baLakeyAguttade. intaha artha sambandhagaLannu mAtravallade vAkya ghaTakagaLa mUlaka bEre kelavu rItiya sambandhagaLannU sUcisuva avaSyakateyide. I sambandhagaLu vAkyavondara ghaTakagaLannu A vAkyada hindina vAkyagaLalli bandiruva ghaTakagaLondige mattu mAtina sannivESadondige sambandhisu ttave. ivannu ‘vyavahAra’ sambandhagaLendu kareyabahudu.
2.7.1 viShaya mattu suddi
vAkyagaLannella ondu viShaya mattu A viShayada kuritAgi vAkya tiLisuva suddi embudAgi eraDu vibhAgagaLalli vingaDisalu sAdhyavide. kannaDa vAkyagaLalli sAmAnyavAgi modalige baruva ghaTaka viShayavannU mattu adara anantara baruva ghaTakagaLu (mattu kriyApada) A viShayada kuritAgi EnAdarU ondu suddiyannU tiLisuttave.
(70ka) rAju angaDige hOgiddAne. (70ka)dalli modalige bandiruva rAju emba ghaTaka ondu viShaya vannU mattu adara anantara bandiruva angaDige hOgiddAne emba vAkyada anga A viShayada kuritAgi ondu suddiyannU tiLisuttave. idE vAkyadalli rAju embudara badalu angaDige embudannu modalige irisi hELidalli A vAkyada viShayadalli badalAvaNeyAguttade embudannu (70kha)dalli kANabahudu. (70kha) angaDige rAju hOgiddAne. (70kha)dalli modalu bandiruva angaDige embudu A vAkyada viShaya mattu adara anantara bandiruva rAju hOgiddAne embudu A viShayada kuritAgi vAkya tiLisuva suddi embudannu gamanisabahudu. vAkyadalli I rIti bEre bEre ghaTakagaLannu vAkyada modalanE sthAnadalli irisi avannu A vAkyada viShayagaLannAgi mADi hELalu sAdhya (71ka) rAju baDagiyannu karedidda. (71kha) baDagiyannu rAju karedidda. (72ka) nAnu avanige ninne ondu pustaka koTTidde. (72kha) avanige nAnu ninne ondu pustaka koTTidde. (72ga) ninne nAnu avanige ondu pustaka koTTidde. (72gha) pustakavannu nAnu ninne avanige koTTidde. eraDu athavA jAsti vAkyagaLannoLagonDiruva vAkyagaLalliyU I rIti vAkyada bEre bEre ghaTakagaLannu modalaneya ghaTakavannAgi mADi adannu iDI vAkyada viShayavendu sUcisalu sAdhyavide. (73ka) avaLu hADuttALembudannu nAnu kELiddEne. (73kha) nAnu avaLu hADuttALembudannu kELiddEne. (74ka) avanu maysUrige hOgi rAjuvannu kanDa. (74kha) rAjuvannu avanu maysUrige hOgi kanDa. (74ga) maysUrige hOgi avanu rAjuvannu kanDa. sAmAnyavAgi vAkyagaLalli viShayagaLAgi bandiruva ghaTakagaLu kELuganige tiLidiruttave, mattu avugaLa anantara ‘suddi’yAgi baruva amSa A viShayagaLa kuritAgi kELuganige tiLidilladantahadannEnAdarU tiLisuttade. I kAraNakkAgi, kELuganige tiLidilladantaha illavE paricitavAgilladantaha ghaTakagaLu vAkyada viShayavAgi baralAravu. mEle (72gha)dalli ondu pustaka embudannu pustaka embudAgi badalAyi siruvudu idE kAraNakkAgi embudannu gamanisabahudu. ondu pustaka embudu kELuganige paricitavAgilladiruva pustakavannU mattu pustaka embudu paricitavAgiruva pustakavannU sUcisuttave.
2.7.2 mukhya amSa
sAmAnyavAgi ondu vAkyadalli ‘suddi’yAgi bandiruva bhAgadalli yAvudAdarU ondu amSa mukhyavAdudAgiruttade. idu vAkyada ghaTakavAgirabahudu illavE kriyAguNapadavAgirabahudu. kannaDadalli I mukhyavAgiruva amSa kriyApadada eDakke baruttade. ondu vAkyada ‘suddi’ vibhAgadalli bandiruva bEre bEre ghaTaka illavE kriyA guNapadagaLalli ondannu suddiya mukhya amSavannAgi mADalu I rIti kriyApadada eDakke irisi hELalu sAdhyavide. (75ka) rAju nimma koDeyannu nanage koTTa. (75kha) rAju nanage nimma koDe(yannu) koTTa. (75ga) nanage nimma koDeyannu rAju koTTa. (76ka) rAju maysUrininda nALe baruttAne. (76kha) rAju nALe maysUrininda baruttAne. (76ga) maysUrininda nALe rAju baruttAne. (75ka) vAkyadalli bandiruva suddiyalli nanage embudu mukhya amSa mattu (75kha)dalli idakke badalu koDe embudu mukhya amSa; (75ga)dalli rAju embudu mukhya amSa. vAkyada mukhya amSavannu sUcisuvudakkAgi kannaDadalli bEreyU kelavu vidhAnagaLu baLakeyallive. amSavondannu iddallE otti hELuvudu ondu vidhAna (77ka-ga); mattu vAkyavannu ‘sambandhisuva’ vAkyavannAgi (9.2 nODi) badalAyisi mukhya amSa vAkyada itara amSakke sambandhisiruvantahadu embudAgi sUcisuvudu innondu vidhAna (78ka-ga).
(77ka) avanu huDuganannu marakke hattisida. (77kha) avanu huDuganannu marakke hattisida. (77ga) huDuganannu avanu marakke hattisida. (78ka) avanu huDuganannu hattisiddu marakke. (78kha) avanu marakke hattisiddu huDuganannu. (78ga) huDuganannu marakke hattisiddu avanu. marakke embudannu (77ka)dalli huDuganannu emba amSavannu ottihELuva mUlaka adannu A vAkyada suddiya mukhya amSavannAgi mADalAgide, mattu (77kha-ga)gaLalli adakke badalu marakke mattu avanu embavugaLannu ottihELuva mUlaka suddiya mukhya amSagaLannAgi mADalAgide. bhAgakke (78ka)dalli sambandhisuvante hELuva mUlaka adu A vAkya tiLisuva suddiya mukhya amSavembudAgi sUcisalAgide. (78kha-ga)gaLalli huDuganannu mattu avanu embavugaLu idE kAraNakkAgi mukhya amSagaLu. kelavu pada illavE pratyayagaLannu baLasiyU vAkyada suddiyalli mukhya amSa yAvudu embudannu sUcisalu sAdhyavide. udAharaNe gAgi, ottihELalu baLasuva E pratyaya illavE tAnE emba pada I kelasavannu naDesaballudu. vAkyada itara (79ka) avannu A huDuganannE marakke hattisida. (79kha) avanu A huDuganannu tAnE marakke hattisiddu?
2.7.3 hinneNike
ondu vAkyadalli hELalu biTTu hOda amSavannu vAkya mugi doDaneyE adara ‘hinneNike’yAgi sUcisalu sAdhyavide. udAharaNe gAgi keLagina vAkyagaLannu gamanisabahudu. (80ka) rAjuvannu bahaLa hogaLidaru, heDmAShTru. (80kha) heDmAShTru bahaLa hogaLidaru, rAjuvannu. (81ka) ninne ondu Tivi tandidda, rAju. (81kha) rAju ondu Tivi tandidda, ninne. (80ka)dalli heDmAShTru embudannu hinneNikeyAgi sUcisalAgide mattu (80kha)dalli idakke badalu rAjuvannu embudannu hinneNikeyAgi mADa lAgide. sAmAnyavAgi eraDu bEre bEre rItiya sandabhragaLalli intaha hinneNikegaLa baLakeyAguvudannu kANabahudu. modalaneyadAgi, mukhya amSavannu hELuva Aturadalli ondu amSa biTTuhOgiddu adannu anantara hinneNikeyAgi hELiralu sAdhyavide; mattu eraDaneyadAgi, ondu amSavannu sUcisuva avaSyakateyillavendu modalu bhAvisiddu, suddiyannu tiLisuvAga adu spaShTavAgalillavendu anisidalli, anantara hELadidda amSavannu hinneNikeyAgi tiLisiralu sAdhyavide.
vyavahAra sambandhagaLannu sUcisuvudakkAgi kannaDadalli I rIti ghaTakagaLa jAgavannu badalAyisuvudu, otti hELuvudu, ghaTakagaLannu vAkyada konege vagrAyisuvudu, avakke kelavu pada illavE pratyaya gaLannu sErisuvudu, modalAda bEre bEre rItiya vidhAnagaLa baLakeyAguttiddu ivu artha sambandhagaLannu sUcisuva vidhAnakkinta tIra bhinnavAgive.
vyAkaraNagaLalli sAmAnyavAgi artha sambandhakkEnE heccina gamana koDuttiddu, vyavahAra sambandhakke jAsti gamana harisilla. hAgAgi, ivugaLa kuritAgi namage tiLidiruva amSagaLu bahaLa kaDime (jAsti vivaragaLige tirumalES (1979) mattu bhaT (1991) nODi).
2.8 guNapadagaLa baLake
kriyAvAkyagaLalli mukhyavAda mattu mukhyavallada ghaTakagaLu mAtra vallade ondu athavA jAsti guNapadagaLU baraballuvu. ivu kriyA padavu tiLisuva ghaTaneya guNadharmagaLannu sUcisuvudakkAgi baLake yAguttave. ghaTane entahadu embudannu mAtravallade ghaTaneya samaya mattu jAgagaLannU intaha guNapadagaLu sUcisaballuvu. hAgAgi, vAkyadalli baruva I guNapadagaLigU mattu ghaTaneya jAga, samaya modalAduvannu sUcisuva mukhyavallada ghaTakagaLigU naDuve hattirada sambandhavide. (82ka) rAju sumatiyannu bahaLa hogaLida. (82kha) avaru nALe AphIsige hOguvudilla. (82ga) alli nimmannu yArU mAtanADisuvudilla. guNapadagaLa baLakeya kuritAgi heccina vivaragaLannu Araneya adhyAyadalli koDalAgide.
2.9 sArAmSa
yAvudAdarU ondu ghaTane naDedudannu illavE naDeyaliruvudannu tiLisabEkAdAga kriyAvAkyagaLannu baLasabEkAguttade. intaha kriyA vAkyagaLalli mukhya padavAgi ondu kriyApada bandiruttade. I kriyA padadondige mukhyavAgi eraDu pratyayagaLu bandiruttave. ivugaLalli ondu ghaTaneya samayavannu sUcisuttade mattu innondu ghaTane yalli toDagikonDiruva vyakti, vastu modalAdavugaLalli ondannu cuTukAgi sUcisuttade. ghaTaneyalli toDagikonDiruva vyakti, vastu modalAduvannu heccu vivaravAgi sUcisalu kriyAvAkyadalli ondu athavA jAsti mukhya ghaTakagaLu baruttave. idallade, ghaTaneya samaya, jAga, uddESa, ghaTaneyalli baLasida sUcisuvudakkAgi bEreyU kelavu (mukhyavallada) ghaTakagaLannu kriyAvAkyagaLalli baLasalu sAdhyavide. ondu vAkyadalli eraDu athavA jAsti ghaTakagaLu bandiveyAdalli avugaLalli yAvudu yAva ghaTaka embudannu sUcisuvudakkAgi avuga Londige vibhakti pratyayagaLa illavE itara padagaLa baLakeyAguttade. vAkyadalli baruva ghaTakagaLannu mattu kriyAguNapadagaLannu hindina vAkyagaLa ghaTakagaLondige mattu mAtina sannivESadondige sambandhisu sAdhana, modalAduvannu vudakkAgi vAkyadalli avu baruva jAga, otti hELuvudu, kelavu pada illavE pratyayagaLa baLake modalAda vidhAnagaLannu baLasalAguttade. kriyAvAkyagaLalli baruva kelavu kriyAguNapadagaLu ghaTanegaLa guNadharmagaLannU sUcisaballuvu.