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adhyAya ondu — pIThike
1.1 mAtina kelasagaLu
nAvu namma dinanityada jIvanadalli bEre bEre rItiya ‘mAtina kelasa’ gaLannu naDesuvudakkAgi halavAru rItiya vAkyagaLannu baLasuttiruttEve. udAharaNegAgi, tiLidiruva sangatigaLannu bEreyavarige tiLisihELuvu dakkAgi keLage (1ka-gha)gaLalli koTTiruvantaha ondu rItiya vAkyagaLannu baLasuttEvAdare, tiLiyade iruva sangatigaLannu kELi tiLidukoLLuvu dakkAgi (2ka-gha)gaLalli koTTiruvantaha avakkinta bhinnavAgiruva bEre rItiya vAkyagaLannu baLasuttEve. rAju maradinda keLage hArida. (1kha) doresvAmi nALe bengaLUrige hOguttAre. (1ga) nanna hattira nUrayvattu rupAyi ide. (1gha) I pustaka nammadu. (2ka) maradinda keLage hAriddu yAru? (2kha) doresvAmi nALe bengaLUrige hOguttArO? (2ga) nimma hattira eShTu haNavide? (2gha) I pustaka nammadO? idallade, mADalAgada kelasagaLannu innobbara hattira hELi mADisi koLLuvudu, mADabEkendiruva kelasagaLannu mADalu (avaSyabiddalli) innobbara oppige kELuvudu, manassigAgada kelasavannu yArAdarU mADidalli avarannu tegaLuvudu, manassige hiDisida kelasavannu yArA darU mADidalli avarannu hogaLuvudu, ityAdiyAgi halavAru rItiya mAtina kelasagaLannu nAvu namma dinanityada jIvanadalli naDesa bEkAgiddu, idakkAgiyU nAvu bEre bEre rItiya vAkyagaLannu baLasa ballevu.
(3ka) I silinDarannu horage irisi. (3kha) ivattu nAvu bengaLUrige hOgONa. (3ga) A huDugi eShTu cennAgi kuNiyuttiddALe! (3gha) Ake ivattu athavA nALe barabahudu. ondE ghaTane illavE viShayavannu tiLisuva vAkyavannU I rIti bEre bEre mAtina kelasagaLannu sAdhisuvudakkAgi baLasalu sAdhyavide, mattu adakkAgi A vAkyadalli keLage kANisiruvante halavAru rItiya badalAvaNegaLannu mADikoLLabEkAguttade. rAju pETege hOgiddAne. (4kha) rAju pETege hOgiddAnO? rAju pETege hOgirabahudu. (4gha) rAju pETege hOgali. (4Ga) rAju pETege hOguvudu bEDa. mEle koTTiruva (4ka-Ga)gaLalli ‘rAju pETege hOguvudu’ emba ghaTaneyannu sUcisuva ondE ondu vAkyavannu aydu bEre bEre ‘mAtina kelasa’gaLannu naDesuvudakkAgi baLasikoLLalAgideyembudannu gamanisabahudu. (4ka) vAkya A ghaTane naDedideyendu tiLisuttade, (4kha) vAkya adu naDedideyE endu kELuttade, (4ga) vAkya adu naDediralu sAdhya embudannu tiLisuttade, (4gha) vAkya adu naDeyalu ADugana oppigeyideyembudannu sUcisuttade, mattu (4Ga) vAkya adu naDeyadante taDehAkuttade.
vAkyagaLa mUlaka naDesalu sAdhyaviruva I halavu rItiya ‘mAtina kelasa’gaLalli naDediruva athavA naDeyaliruva ghaTanegaLannu illavE sangatigaLannu innobbarige tiLisi hELuvudE atyanta prAmukhyavAda kelasavendu hELabahudu. hAgAgi, kannaDa vAkyagaLa oLaracaneyEnu embudannu tiLidukoLLabEkendiruvavaru modalige I rIti bEre bEre ghaTanegaLannu illavE sangatigaLannu innobbarige tiLisihELuvudakkAgi entaha vAkyagaLannu baLasalAguttade, mattu A vAkyagaLa oLaracane entahadu embudannu tiLidukoLLuvudu oLLeyadu.
itara mAtina kelasagaLannu naDesuvudakkAgi baLasuva vAkyagaLannella intaha ghaTane illavE sangatigaLannu tiLisi hELalu baLasuva vAkyagaLalli bEre bEre rItiya badalAvaNegaLannu mADuvudara mUlaka sAdhisalu sAdhyavide. hAgAgi, tiLisi hELuva vAkyagaLannu mUla vAkyagaLendU mattu itara vAkyagaLannu antaha mUla vAkyagaLinda tayArAguva ‘sAdhita’ vAkyagaLendU kalpisikonDalli kannaDa vAkyagaLa oLaracaneyannu tiLidukoLLuva kelasa sulabhavAgaballudu. I kAraNakkAgi, mundina ELu adhyAyagaLalli tiLisuva vAkyagaLa oLaracaneyEnembudannu mAtravE vivarisi hELuva prayatnavannu mADalAgide. tiLisuva vAkyagaLallU ondu ghaTaneyannu nEravAgi tiLisuvavugaLu mattu ondu ghaTaneyalli toDagiruva vyakti, vastu modalAdavugaLalli ondakke A ghaTaneyondigiruva ‘sambandha’vannu tiLisuvavugaLu embudAgi eraDu rItiyavugaLannu kANabahudu.
rAju bengaLUrige hOda. (5kha) rAju hOdaddu bengaLUrige. (5ka)dalli ondu ghaTane naDediruvudannu tiLisalAgide, Adare (5kha)dalli bengaLUru emba jAgakkU mattu A ghaTanegU naDuviruva sambandha vannu tiLisalAgide idallade, ghaTane naDedide illavE naDeyalide embudAgi sUcisu vavugaLu (5ka) mattu adannu ‘allagaLe’yuvavugaLu (5ga) embu dAgiyU mattu sangati ide, ittu athavA iruttade embudannu sUcisuvavugaLu (5gha) mattu adannu allagaLeyuvavugaLu (5Ga) embudAgiyU bEre eraDu rItiyavannU kANabahudu.
rAju bengaLUrige hOgalilla. (5gha) rAju bengaLUrinalli iddAne. (5Ga) rAju bengaLUrinalli illa. (5ka)dalli tiLisiruva ghaTane naDedillavembudAgi (5ga)dalli A ghaTane yannu allagaLeyalAgide. (5gha)dalli ondu sangatiyannu tiLisalAgide mattu (5Ga)dalli adannu allagaLeyalAgide. ghaTaneyondige adara ghaTakagaLallondannu sambandhisuva mattu ghaTane, sangati illavE sambandhagaLannu allagaLeyuva vAkyagaLa oLaracaneyentahadu embudannu ombattanE adhyAyadalli vivarisalAgide. itara mAtina kelasagaLannu naDesuvudakkAgi entaha vAkyagaLannu baLasalAguttade embudannu mattu tiLisuva vAkyagaLinda antaha vAkya gaLannu tayArisuva bage hEge embudannu hattaneya adhyAyadalli vivarisalAgide. I ombattu adhyAyagaLalli (2-10) baruva viShayagaLu entahavu embudannu keLagina vibhAgagaLalli svalpa cuTukAgi sUcisa
1.2 kriyAvAkyagaLu mattu viShayavAkyagaLu
tiLisuva vAkyagaLalli yAvudAdarondu ‘ghaTane’yannu (adu naDediru vudannu illavE naDeyaliruvudannu) tiLisuvavu mattu ondu sangati yannu tiLisuvavu embudAgi eraDu mukhya vibhAgagaLannu mADa bahudu. ghaTaneyannu tiLisuva vAkyagaLallella A ghaTaneyannu sUcisu vudakkAgi yAvudAdarondu kriyApada bandiruva kAraNa avannella ‘kriyAvAkya’gaLendu kareyabahudu. rAju maradinda keLage hArida. (6kha) obba muduka nimmannu kANalu bandidda. (6ga) doresvAmigaLu nALe bengaLUrige hOguttAre. (6gha) SAmaNNOru nimmannu bahaLa hogaLidaru. mEle (6ka-gha)dalli bandiruva vAkyagaLella kriyAvAkyagaLu. avu hAru, baru, hOgu mattu hogaLu emba kriyApadagaLa mUlaka bEre bEre ghaTanegaLu naDediruvudannu illavE naDeyaliruvudannu sUcisuttave. sangatiyannu tiLisuva vAkyagaLallU sAmAnyavAgi ondu kriyA pada bandiruttade. Adare idu intaha ellA vAkyagaLallU iru emba ondE kriyApadavAgiruttade. hAgAgi kelavomme adannu baLasadiralU sAdhyavide. sangatiyannu tiLisuva I vAkyagaLu ghaTaneyannu tiLisuva vAkyagaLiginta halavu viShayagaLalli bhinnavAgiruva kAraNa, ivannu bErondu hesarininda kareyuva avaSyakateyide. I pustakadalli ivannu ‘viShayavAkya’gaLendu kareyalAgide. rAjuvina kayyalli ondu haNNide. (7kha) avara mane bahaLa doDDadide. (7gha) A huDuga Odinalli svalpa hinde iddAne. SAleya huDugarige ivattu raje ide. (7ka-gha)dalli bandiruva vAkyagaLella viShayavAkyagaLu. ivu iru kriyA padada mUlaka bEre bEre rItiya sangatigaLa iruvikeyannu sUcisu ttave.
1.2.1 kriyApadada baLake
mEle sUcisida hAge, kriyAvAkya mattu viShayavAkyagaLa naDuve kelavu prAmukhyavAda vyatyAsagaLive. udAharaNegAgi, kriyAvAkyagaLalli bEre bEre kriyApadagaLu kEndragaLAgi baruttiddu, avu vAkyavu tiLisabEkA giruva ghaTaneyannu sUcisuvuvAda kAraNa, avakke heccina prAmukhyate yide. Adare, viShayavAkyagaLallella iru emba ondE kriyApada baru ttiddu, adu vAkyada ghaTakagaLu oTTAgi sUcisuva ondu sangatiya iruvikeyannu mAtra tiLisuvudAda kAraNa adakke antaha mahatvada sthAnavilla. hAgAgi, kriyAvAkyagaLalli baruva kriyApadavannu baLasadiruvudu kaShTa, Adare viShayavAkyagaLalli baruva kriyApadavannu (iru embu dannu) baLasadiruvudu sulabha. sAmAnyavAgi ondu sangatiya iruvikeya kuritAgi heccinadEnannU hELabEkAgillavAdalli I rIti antaha viShayavAkyagaLalli kriyApadavannu baLasadiralu sAdhyavide.
udAharaNegAgi, ondu sangati iruvudu illavE iddudu yAvAga embudAgi adara samayavannu bEreyE ondu padada mUlaka sUcisalAgideyAdare (8ka-kha nODi), athavA hAge sUcisuva avaSyakateyillavAdare (8ga), antaha sandabhragaLalli viShaya vAkyagaLannu iru kriyApadavilladeyU baLasalu sAdhyavide.
(8ka) makkaLige ivattu SAlege raje. (8kha) SAmarAyara maneyalli nALe maduve. (8ga) rAjuvina mane bahaLa cikkadu.
(8ka) mattu (8kha) vAkyagaLu sangatigaLannu tiLisuttiddu, A sangatigaLa samayavannu ivattu mattu nALe emba padagaLa mUlaka sUcisalAgide. hAgAgi, I vAkyagaLalli iru padavannu baLasuva avaSyakateyilla. idE rItiyalli (8ga) vAkyavu hindina mattu mundina samayagaLeraDakkU sambandhisiruva sangatiyondannu tiLisuttideyAda kAraNa, adarallU iru padavannu baLasuva avaSyakateyilla.
1.2.2 samaya sUcaneyalli vyatyAsa
kriyAvAkya mattu viShayavAkyagaLa naDuve avu sUcisuva samaya bhEdadallU vyatyAsavide. kriyAvAkyagaLalli baruva kriyApadagaLu ‘hindinavu’ mattu ‘mundinavu’ embudAgi avu tiLisuva ghaTanegaLa kuritAgi eraDu rItiya samayagaLannu mAtra sUcisaballuvu. Adare idakke badalAgi, viShayavAkyagaLalli baruva iru kriyApada ‘hindinavu’, ‘Iginavu’ mattu ‘mundinavu’ embudAgi avu tiLisuva sangatigaLa kuritAgi mUru bEre bEre samayagaLannu sUcisaballuvu.
rAju marakke hattida. (9kha) rAju marakke hattuttAne. (10ka) Akege nimma mEle bahaLa kOpa ittu. (10kha) Akege nimma mEle bahaLa kOpa ide. (10ga) Akege nimma mEle (nALe bhETige hOguvAga) bahaLa kOpa iruttade. kannaDadalli iru kriyApadakke ittu, ide mattu iruttade emba mUru kriyArUpagaLiddu, avannu baLasi tayArisuva viShayavAkyagaLu hindina sangati, Igina sangati mattu mundina sangati embudAgi mUru samayagaLalli kANisikoLLuva sangatigaLannu sUcisaballuvu embudannu (10ka-ga) vAkyagaLalli kANabahudu.
Adare kannaDada itara kriyApadagaLige hindina mattu mundina emba eraDu samayagaLannu sUcisuva rUpagaLu mAtra iveyAda kAraNa, avu ‘hindina ghaTane’’mattu ‘mundina ghaTane’’embudAgi eraDu samayagaLalli kANisikoLLuva ghaTanegaLannu mAtra sUcisaballuvu.
udAharaNegAgi, vAkyagaLalli bandiruva hattu kriyApadakke hattida mattu hattuttAne emba eraDu samayagaLannu sUcisuva rUpagaLu mAtra ive. hAgAgi kriyAvAkyagaLalli mAtina samayakkinta modalu naDeda hattuvike mattu mAtina samayada anantara naDeyuva hattuvike embudAgi hattuvikeyalli eraDu rItiya samayabhEdavannu mAtra I kriyApadada mUlaka nEravAgi sUcisalu sAdhya.
viSiShTavAgi ondu ghaTane mAtanADuva samayadallEnE naDeyu ttide embudAgi adara samayavannu sUcisabEkAdAga, kannaDadalli keLage (9ga)dalli kANisiruva hAge kriyApadavannu iru embudara Igina samayavannu sUcisuva rUpadondige sErisi baLasabEkAguttade. (I (9ga) vAkyakke rUDhiyalliruva ghaTaneyannu sUcisuva innondu arthavU ideyembudannu munde nODaliruvevu). rAju marakke hattuttiddAne.
1.2.3 eraDara naDuvina sambandha
kriyAvAkya mattu viShayavAkyagaLu I rIti ondarindondu bhinna vAgiveyAdarU avugaLa naDuve hattirada sambandhavide. sAmAnyavAgi eraDu viShayavAkyagaLu tiLisuva sangatigaLannu ondu kriyAvAkya sambandhisaballudu.
(11ka) rAju marada keLagiddAne. (11kha) rAju marada mEliddAne. (11ga) rAju marakke hattida. (11ka-kha)gaLu viShayavAkyagaLu. avu eraDu bEre bEre sangatigaLannu tiLisuttave. Adare, (11ga) ondu kriyAvAkya. adu I eraDu sangatigaLannu sambandhisuttade. adu tiLisuva ghaTaneyindAgi (11ka) tiLisuva sangati (11kha) tiLisuva sangatiyAgi badalAgide endu hELabahudu. I rIti kriyAvAkya mattu viShayavAkyagaLu ondakkondu sambandhisiveyAdarU avugaLa naDuve halavu vyatyAsagaLiveyAda kAraNa, kriyAvAkyagaLa oLaracaneyannu eraDaneya adhyAyadallU mattu viShayavAkyagaLa oLaracaneyannu mUraneya adhyAyadallU vivarisa lAgide.
1.3 vAkyada ghaTakagaLu
mEle vivarisiruva eraDu rItiya tiLisuva vAkyagaLallU kEndrasthAna dalli ondu kriyApada baruttade. kriyAvAkyagaLalli idu A vAkyagaLu tiLisuva ghaTaneyannu sUcisuttade mattu viShayavAkyagaLalli avu tiLisuva sangatiya iruvikeyannu sUcisuttade. I kEndradondige ghaTane illavE sangatiyalli toDagikonDiruva vyakti, vastu, viShaya modalAdavugaLannu gurutisuvudakkAgi I vAkyagaLalli kelavu ‘ghaTaka’ gaLU bandiruttave. udAharaNegAgi keLagina eraDu vAkyagaLannu gamanisa bahudu. (12ka) rAju bekkige hAlu kuDisida. (12kha) I pustakakke kempu baNNada taTTi ide. (12ka)dalli koTTiruva kriyAvAkyadalli kuDisida emba kriyApada mAtravallade rAju, bekkige mattu hAlu emba mUru ghaTakagaLu bandive. I ghaTakagaLu kuDisuva ghaTanege sambandhisiruva mUru vyakti, prANi mattu vastugaLannu sUcisuttive.
idE rItiyalli (12kha)dalli koTTiruva viShayavAkyadalli ide kriyApada mAtravallade, I pustakakke mattu kempu baNNada taTTi emba eraDu ghaTakagaLu bandiddu, avu I vAkya tiLisuva sangatige sambandhisiruva vastu mattu adara guNadharmagaLannu sUcisuttave. ondu ghaTane illavE sangatiyalli toDagikonDiruva vyakti, vastu modalAduvannu gurutisuva ghaTakagaLa tayArikeyalli pada mattu padakante embudAgi eraDu maTTagaLalli baruva vAkyAngagaLu baLake yAguttave. ivugaLalli modalaneyadu vyakti, vastu modalAduvannu ‘hesarisuva’ mUlaka gurutisuttade mattu eraDaneyadu avannE ‘varNisuva’ mUlaka gurutisuttade. I eraDu rItiya vAkyAngagaLa baLakeyentahadu embudannu nAlkaneya adhyAyadalli vivarisalAgide.
1.3.1 mukhyavAda mattu mukhyavallada ghaTakagaLu
vAkyada kriyApadadondige baruva I ghaTakagaLu adu tiLisuva ghaTanege bEre bEre rItiyalli sambandhisiruva vyakti, vastu, viShaya modalA davugaLannu sUcisuttave. ivannu mukhya ghaTakagaLu mattu mukhyavallada ghaTakagaLu embudAgi vingaDisi hELalu sAdhyavide. sAmAnyavAgi ondu vAkyada kEndravAgiruva kriyApadada svarUpa mattu guNadharmagaLannavalambisi baruva ghaTakagaLannu adara mukhya ghaTakagaLendu kareyabahudu. udAharaNegAgi, bILu kriyApadaviruva ondu vAkyadalli obba vyaktiyannu (illavE ondu vastuvannu) sUcisu vantaha ondE ondu mukhya ghaTaka mAtra baruttade. yAkendare, bILuva ghaTanege obba vyakti illavE ondu vastu mAtravE sambandhi siralu sAdhya.
(13ka) surESa bidda. (13kha) koDa bittu. Adare, bILisu kriyApadaviruva vAkyadalli ibbaru vyaktigaLannu (illavE obba vyakti mattu ondu vastuvannu) sUcisabEkAguvudAda kAraNa, adarondige eraDu mukhya ghaTakagaLannu baLasuva avaSyakate yide. yAkendare, ‘bILisuva ghaTane’ge ‘bILuva vyakti (illavE vastu)’ mAtravallade, ‘bILisuvantaha innondu vyakti’yU sambandhisiruttade.
(14ka) jAnaki surESanannu bILisidaLu. (14kha) jAnaki koDavannu bILisidaLu. eraDakkinta jAsti mukhya ghaTakagaLu bEkAguva kriyApadagaLU kannaDadallive. udAharaNegAgi, koDu kriyApadaviruva vAkyadalli ‘koDuva vyakti’, ‘koDuva vastu’ mattu ‘koTTudannu paDeyuva vyakti’ embudAgi mUru vyakti mattu vastugaLannu sUcisuva ghaTakagaLannu baLasabEkAguttade. idE rItiyalli tinnisu kriyApadaviruva vAkyadalli ‘tinnisidavaru yAru’, ‘tinnisiddu yArige’ mattu ‘tinnisiddu Enannu’ emba mUru praSnegaLige uttara koDaballa mUru ghaTakagaLannu baLasuva avaSyakateyide. (15ka) rangEgavDaru ettugaLannu karImanige koTTaru. (15kha) sItAbAyi makkaLige tinDi tinnisidaLu. I rIti vAkyavondaralli eShTu mukhya ghaTakagaLu baruttave embudu mAtravalla, entaha mukhya ghaTakagaLu baruttave embudU vAkyada kriyApada entahadu embudannavalambiside. udAharaNegAgi, hOgu kriyApadaviruva vAkyadalli ‘hOguva vyakti’ mattu ‘hOguva jAga’ embudAgi obba vyaktiyannu mattu ondu jAgavannu sUcisuva ghaTakagaLu barabEkAguttadAdare, mare kriyApadaviruva vAkyadalli ‘mareta vyakti’ mattu ‘mareta viShaya’ embudAgi obba vyaktiyannu mattu ondu viShayavannu sUcisuva ghaTakagaLu barabEkAguttade.
(16ka) rAju bengaLUrige hOda. (16kha) rAju Akeyannu maretiddAne. kriyAvAkyagaLalli I rIti kriyApadada svarUpavannavalambisi baruva mukhya ghaTakagaLu mAtravallade bEre kelavu mukhyavallada ghaTakagaLU baraballuvu. intaha mukhyavallada ghaTakagaLu ellA vAkyagaLigU samAna vAgiddu, A vAkyagaLu tiLisuva ghaTaneya samaya, jAga, kAraNa, uddESa, modalAduvannu sUcisuttave.
(17ka) rAju bengaLUrige raylinalli hOda. (17kha) Ake bisilinalli happaLa oNagisidaLu. (17ga) vatsalA sOmavAra ondu sinemA nODiddaLu. (17gha) Ata maNNinalli ondu gombe mADida. (17Ga) rAju hariyondige pETege hOda. mElina vAkyagaLalli raylinalli, bisilinalli, sOmavAra, maNNinalli mattu hariyondige emba mukhyavallada ghaTakagaLu bandiruvudannu gamanisabahudu. ivu heccu kaDime ellA rItiya vAkyagaLallU baraballa jAga, samaya, jotegAra modalAdavugaLannu sUcisuttave. sangatiyannu sUcisuva viShayavAkyagaLallU idE rItiyalli mukhyavAda mattu mukhyavallada ghaTakagaLu baraballuvu. viShayavAkya gaLallella iru emba ondE kriyApada baruvudAda kAraNa, avugaLa llella eraDeraDu mukhya ghaTakagaLu baruttave. Adare avu sUcisuva sangatiya svarUpavannAdharisi, I ghaTakagaLu bEre bEre rUpadalli baruttiddu, vastu, jAga, guNadharma modalAduvannu sUcisuttave. (18ka) ivattu beLigge A TAnkiyalli ondu heNa ittu. (18kha) nArAyaNasvAmiya tale nuNNagide. (18ga) I mudukanige nUru muDi gaddeyide. (18ka) vAkyadalli A TAnkiyalli embudu ondu jAgavannU mattu ondu heNa embudu ondu vastuvannU sUcisuvudakkAgi bandiruva eraDu mukhya ghaTakagaLu. ivu oTTAgi yAva jAgadalli yAva vastu vide emba sangatiyannu tiLisuttave. I vAkyadalli I eraDu mukhya ghaTakagaLu mAtravallade sangatiya samayavannu sUcisuva ivattu beLigge emba ondu mukhyavallada ghaTakavU ide. idu ittu kriyApada kuritAgi heccina vivaragaLannu odagisuttade. I rIti (18ka) vAkya ondu jAgadalli vastuvondara iruvike yannu sUcisuvudAdare, (18kha) vAkya ondu vastuvina (nArAyaNa svAmiya taleya) guNadharmavondannu (nuNNage embudAgi) tiLisu ttade, mattu (18ga) vAkya obba vyaktigU (I mudukanigU) mattu ondu vastuvigU (nUru muDi gaddegU) naDuve ondu sambandha ide embudannu tiLisuttade.
sUcisuva samayada I mUru rItiya vAkyagaLalli baruva mukhya ghaTakagaLa naDuve kANisuva vyatyAsagaLige avu sUcisuva sangatigaLa naDuviruva vyatyAsa gaLE kAraNa.
1.3.2 vibhakti pratyayagaLa baLake
vAkyavondaralli ondakkinta jAsti ghaTakagaLu bandAga avu yAva rItiyalli kriyApadadondige (endare kriyApada sUcisuva ghaTaneyalli avu hEge toDagikonDive) embudannu tiLisu vudakkAgi avugaLondige vibhakti pratyayagaLannu illavE itara padagaLannu baLasabEkAguttade. udAharaNegAgi, keLage koTTiruva vAkyagaLannu gamanisabahudu. sambandhisive (19ka) rAju hariyannu dUDida. (19kha) rAjuvannu hari dUDida. (19ka-kha)vAkyagaLalli dUDu kriyApadadondige eraDu bEre bEre vyaktigaLannu sUcisuva rAju mattu hari emba ghaTakagaLu bandive. ivugaLalli ondannu (endare dUDuva vyaktiyannu sUcisuva ghaTaka vannu) yAva vibhakti pratyayavU illade hAgeyE baLasalAgide mattu innondannu (endare dUDalpaDuva vyaktiyannu sUcisuva ghaTakavannu) annu emba vibhakti pratyayadondige baLasalAgide.
dUDuva vyakti (19ka)dalli rAju ghaTaka mattu (19ka)dalli hari ghaTaka; hAgAgi iveraDU vibhakti pratyayavillade bandive. dUDalpaDuva vyakti (19ka)dalli hari ghaTaka mattu (19kha)dalli rAju ghaTaka; hAgAgi iveraDU annu pratyayadondige bandive. I rIti ghaTakagaLigU mattu kriyApadakkU naDuviruva sambandha
gaLannu sUcisuvudakkAgi kannaDadalli keLage koTTiruva nAlku vibhakti
pratyayagaLu baLakeyAguttave. bAdhita: annu (ghaTaneyinda bAdhitavAguva vyakti illavE vastu). suru: inda (ghaTane suruvAguva jAga). kone: ge (ghaTane konegoLLuva jAga). jAga: alli (ghaTaneya jAga). I nAlku vibhakti pratyayagaLa mukhya baLakegaLannu keLagina vAkya gaLalli kANabahudu. (20ka) avaru A huDuganannu dUDidaru. (20kha) avaru maneyinda horaTiddAre. (20ga) avaru manege talapiddAre. (20gha) avaru angaLadalli hADuttiddAre. I nAlku mukhya baLakegaLu mAtravallade bEreyU halavu baLakegaLu I pratyayagaLigiddu avu sandabhrakkanusAravAgi bEre bEre rItiya sambandhagaLannu sUcisaballuvu embudannu keLagina vAkyagaLalli kANabahudu. (21ka) manOharanige Aru mandi huDugiyariddAre. (21kha) rangaNNa koDaliyinda marada gellugaLannu kaDida. (21ka)dalli ge pratyaya manOharanigU mattu Aru mandi huDugi yarigU naDuviruva sambandhavannu sUcisuvudakkAgi baLakeyAgide mattu (21kha)dalli inda pratyaya kaDiyuva ghaTaneyalli toDagisa lAgiruva sAdhanavondannu sUcisalu baLakeyAgide. intaha heccina baLakegaLannella mEle sUcisiruva mukhya baLakegaLinda sAdhisalu sAdhyavide embudannu eraDanE adhyAyadalli nODaliruvevu.
1.3.3 eraDu rItiya sambandhagaLu
vAkyada mukhya kriyApadakkU mattu adara ghaTakagaLigU naDuviruva sambandhavannu mEle sUcisida hAge vibhakti pratyayagaLa mUlaka tiLisalAguttade. intaha sambandhagaLu vAkyada arthakke sambandhisiveyAda kAraNa, avannu ‘artha’ sambandhagaLendu kareyabahudu. intaha sambandhagaLu mAtravallade, vAkyada ghaTakagaLigU mattu mAtina sannivESakkU naDuve kANisuvantaha bEre kelavu sambandhagaLU ive. udAharaNegAgi, ondu vAkyada mUlaka kELuganige tiLidiruvantaha ondu viShayada kuritAgi ADuga EnAdarondu suddiyannu tiLisuttira bahudu. kannaDadalli tiLidiruva amSavannu vAkyadalli modalu sUcisa lAguttade, mattu adakke sambandhisida suddiyannu anantara sUcisalAgu (22ka) rAjuvannu surESa karediddAne. (22kha) surESa rAjuvannu karediddAne. (22ka)dalli rAju ghaTaka modalu bandide, mattu (22kha)dalli surESa ghaTaka modalu bandide. I kAraNakkAgi (22ka)dalli ondu suddiyannu rAjuvina kuritAgi tiLisalAgide mattu (22kha)dalli surESana kuritAgi tiLisalAgide. intaha suddigaLallU yAvudAdarU ondu amSa uLiduvakkinta prAmukhyavAgiralu sAdhyavide. kannaDadalli sAmAnyavAgi kriyApadada eDakke baruva amSa uLida amSagaLiginta mukhyavAdudAgiruttade. udAharaNegAgi, keLage koTTiruva vAkyagaLalli nimma pustaka embudu (23ka)dallU mattu nanage embudu (23kha)dallU mukhya amSagaLAgi bandive. (23ka) avaLu nanage nimma pustaka koTTiddALe. (23kha) avaLu nimma pustakavannu nanage koTTiddALe. vAkyada ghaTakagaLigU mattu mAtina sannivESakkU naDuve kANisuva intaha sambandhagaLannu ‘vyavahAra’ sambandhagaLendu kareyabahudu. ivu gaLa kuritAgi heccina vivaragaLannu eraDaneya adhyAyada (2.7)nE vibhAgadalli kANabahudu.
1.4 guNapadagaLa baLake
mEle vivarisida hAge, vAkyavondaralli adara mukhya angavAgi ondu kriyApadavannU mattu A kriyApada sUcisuva ghaTane illavE sangati yalli toDagiruva vyakti, vastu modalAduvannu sUcisuvudakkAgi bEre bEre rItiya ghaTakagaLannU baLasuvudu mAtravallade, ghaTaneya guNa dharmagaLannu sUcisuvudakkAgi kelavu guNapadagaLannU baLasalu sAdhya (24ka) avaru kaLLanige cannAgi hoDedaru. (24kha) A huDuga bencina mEle neTTage nintiddAne. (24ga) oleyalli nIru katakatane kudiyuttittu. (24gha) avanu gaDagaDa naDugida. (24ka)dalli cannAgi guNapada hoDedudu hEge embudannu tiLisuttade, mattu (24ga)dalli katakatane guNapada kudiyuvudu hEge embudannu tiLisuttade. ghaTaneya jAga mattu samayagaLannu sUcisuvudakkAgi ghaTakagaLannu baLasuva badalu guNapadagaLannu baLasalU sAdhyavide. (25ka) avanu nALe bengaLUrige hOguttAne. (25kha) avanannu alli yArU mAtanADisalilla. (25ka)dalli nALe guNapada hOguva ghaTaneya samayavannU mattu (25kha)dalli alli guNapada (pratinAma) mAtanADisadidda jAgavannU sUcisuttave. vAkyadalli kriyApadadondige baruva ghaTakagaLu mattu guNapadagaLu
- iveraDU heccu kaDime ondE rItiya kelasagaLannu naDesabEkAgide. hAgAgi, avugaLa naDuvina vyatyAsa aShTondu kaTTuniTTinadEnalla. ghaTaneya kuritAgi kriyApada tiLisadiruva kelavu sangatigaLannu, illavE ghaTaneya guNadharmagaLannu avu tiLisuttave. idallade vAkyada kone yalli baruva kriyArUpadalli kelavu pratyayagaLa mUlaka cuTukAgi tiLisiruva sangatigaLa kuritAgiyU ivu heccina vivaragaLannu odagisu ttave (guNapadagaLa kuritu heccina vivaragaLige Araneya adhyAyavannu nODabahudu).
1.5 oLavAkyagaLa baLake
ghaTakagaLa tayArikeyalli padagaLannu mAtravallade iDI vAkyagaLannE baLasalU sAdhyavide. ivu nEravAgi ondu ghaTakada jAgadalli bara bahudu illavE ondu ghaTakada angavAgi barabahudu. I rItiyAgi bErondu vAkyada angavAgi baruva vAkyagaLannu ‘oLavAkya’gaLendu kareyabahudu. (26ka) avanu ellige hOgiddAnO gottilla. (26kha) rAju iruva Urinalli Iga bhArI maLe. (26ka)dalli avanu ellige hOgiddAne emba vAkya oLavAkyavAgi bandide mattu idakkAgi adakke O pratyayavannu sErisalAgide. idakke badalu (26kha)dalli rAju (ondu Urinalli) iddAne emba vAkya ondu ghaTakada angavAgi bandide mattu idakkAgi adakke a pratyayavannu sErisalAgide mattu adaralli bandiruva ondu Urinalli emba ghaTakavannu (adu horavAkyadallU baruva kAraNa) tegedu hAkalAgide. ondu vAkyavannu bErondu vAkyada ghaTakavannAgi illavE ghaTakada angavannAgi mADalu entaha vidhAnagaLannella baLasabahudu embudannu ELaneya adhyAyadalli vivarisalAgide. mattu Sharattu embudAgi
1.6 vAkyagaLa jODaNe
I rIti ondu vAkyavannu innondu vAkyada angavannAgi mADuva badalu eraDu vAkyagaLannu jODisi hELalU sAdhyavide. hIge jODisi hELabEkAdalli avu sUcisuva ghaTane illavE sangatigaLa naDuve yAvu dAdarU ondu rItiya sambandhaviruvudu avaSya. mukhyavAgi kUDike, badali mUru rItiya sambandhagaLannu sUcisuvudakkAgi I rIti vAkyagaLeraDannu jODisi hELalAguttade. kUDikeya sambandhadalli vAkyagaLeraDu sUcisuva ghaTane illavE sangatigaLannu sErisi hELalAguttade. idakkAgi modalaneya vAkyada koneyalli mattu padavannu baLasabahudu illavE eraDara kone yallU U pratyayavannu baLasabahudu. idallade, modalaneya vAkyada koneyalli jODisuva kriyArUpavannu baLasuvudemba mUraneya vidhAnavU kannaDadalli baLakeyallide. (27ka) rAju manege hOda mattu snAna mADida. (27kha) rAju manegU hOda, snAnavannU mADida. (27ga) rAju manege hOgi snAna mADida. (27ka)dalli mattu padada mUlaka eraDu vAkyagaLannu jODisalAgide mattu (27kha)dalli eraDu vAkyagaLallU U pratyayavannu baLasuvudara mUlaka avannu jODisalAgide. (27ga)dalli modalaneya vAkyavannu adara kriyApadada hOgi emba jODisuva rUpada mUlaka eraDane yadarondige jODisalAgide. badali sambandhada mUlaka jODisiruva vAkyagaLalli averaDu sUcisuva ghaTane illavE sangatigaLalli ondu mAtra svIkxtavAga bEkendiruttade. idakkAgi modalaneya vAkyada koneyalli illavE emba padavannu baLasuva krama kannaDadallide. samskxtadinda eravalAgi banda athavA emba padavU intaha jODaNeyalli baLakeyallide. manege hOgiddAne, illavE allellO aDagiddAne. (28kha) avarigondu kucri koDi athavA illige barahELi. Sharattina sambandhadalli ondu vAkya sUcisuva ghaTane illavE sangati innondu vAkya sUcisuva ghaTane illavE sangatige Sharattu embudAgi tiLisalAguttade. idakkAgi modalaneya vAkyada koneyalli ondu viSiShTavAda kriyArUpada baLakeyAguttade. (29ka) rAju bEgane bandare namage manege hOgabahudu. (29kha) rAju bEgane bandiddare namage manege hOgabahudittu. vAkyagaLannu jODisuvudakkAgi mEle koTTiruva vidhAnagaLannu hEge baLasalAguttade embudannu enTaneya adhyAyadalli vivarisa
1.7 kannaDada kelavu vaySiShTyagaLu
mEle sUcisiruva hAge, I pustakada eraDaneya adhyAyadinda hattaneya adhyAyada varegina bhAgadalli mukhyavAgi kannaDa vAkyagaLa racaneyentahadu embudannu vivarisalAgide. pustakada koneyalli baruva hannondaneya adhyAyadalli kannaDakkU mattu prapancada itara bhAShegaLigU naDuve vAkyaracaneyalli entaha vyatyAsagaLella ive embudannu svalpa cuTukAgi prastApisalAgide. vAkyagaLa oLaracaneyalli kannaDa bhAShe prapancada itara bhAShegaLinda halavu rItiyalli bhinnavAgide. kannaDakkU mattu jagattina itara bhAShe gaLigU naDuve kANisuva I vyatyAsagaLige mukhyavAgi eraDu kAraNa gaLive.
tamiLu, telugu, malayALa, tuLu modalAda itara drAviDa bhAShegaLigU mattu kannaDakkU naDuve kANisuva vyatyAsagaLige I ellA bhAShegaLU mUla drAviDa bhASheyondarinda pratyEkavAguttiruvante avugaLalli bEre bEre rItiya badalAvaNegaLu naDediruvudu kAraNa. hosa hosa mAtina sannivESagaLige hondikoLLuvudakkAgi bhAShegaLalli intaha badalAvaNegaLu naDeyuttiruvudu atyavaSya. ivugaLa mUlaka bhAShegaLu tamma jIvantikeyannu uLisikoLLuttave.
drAviDa bhAShAkuTumbakke sErade iruva jagattina itara bhAShegaLigU mattu kannaDakkU naDuve kANisuva vyatyAsagaLige prAmukhyavAgi A bhAShegaLu vAkyaracaneya niyamagaLannu bEre bEre mUla bhAShegaLinda paDediruvudE kAraNa. I pustakada koneya (hannondaneya) adhyAya dalli intaha kelavu vyatyAsagaLannu pariSIlisalAgide. ivu bhAShegaLu vikasanagoLLuva samayadalli edurAgidda samasyegaLige I mUla bhAShegaLu kanDukonDidda bEre bEre parihAragaLannu sUcisuttave.
kannaDakkU mattu prapancada itara bhAShegaLigU naDuve kANisuva I vyatyAsagaLu vAkyaracaneyalli kannaDada (mattu itara drAviDa bhAShegaLa) koDuge entahadu embudannu sUcisuttave. ivannu kannaDada vyAkaraNa sampattendu parigaNisabahudu.