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adhyAya aydu — kriyApadagaLa padarUpagaLu
5.1 pIThike
vAkyavondara koneyalli adara kEndravAgi baruva kriyApadavannu sandabhrakkanusAravAgi halavAru rUpagaLalli baLasabEkAguttade. intaha rUpagaLalli heccinavugaLallU avu sUcisuva ghaTaneya samaya mattu A ghaTaneyalli toDagiruva ghaTakagaLalli ondu (mADuga, Aguga, illavE prEraka) embudAgi eraDu viShayagaLannu cuTukAgi tiLisalu eraDu pratyayagaLannu sErisabEkAguttade. nanna aNNa nALe beLigge nimage hattu sAvira koDuttAne. mElina vAkyadalli koDu kriyApada adara koDuttAne emba kriyArUpadalli vAkyada kEndravAgi bandide. I kriyArUpadalli koDu kriyApada tta mattu Ane emba eraDu pratyayagaLondige bandiruvudannu kANabahudu. I eraDu pratyayagaLalli tta embudu koDu kriyApada sUcisuva ghaTaneya samaya (1ka) vAkyavannADiruva samayakkinta mundinadu embudannu tiLisuttade, mattu adara anantara bandiruva Ane pratyaya I ghaTaneyannu naDesuva vyakti (endare adara ‘mADuga’ ghaTaka) obba ganDasu embudannu tiLisuttade.
I pratyayagaLu mElina eraDu viShayagaLannu bahaLa cuTukAgi tiLisuttave. avannE heccu vivaravAgi tiLisalu adE vAkyadalli nALe beLigge mattu nanna aNNa emba ghaTakagaLu bandive.
I eraDu rItiya pratyayagaLu mAtravallade, vAkyavannu entaha mAtina kelasadalli toDagisalAgide embudannu sUcisuva bEre kelavu pratyayagaLU kriyArUpagaLalli baraballuvu. udAharaNegAgi, koDali emba kriyArUpadalli mElina eraDu pratyayagaLa badalu al mattu i emba pratyayagaLu bandive. ivugaLalli modalaneyadu samayavannU mattu eraDaneyadu ondu ‘mAtina kelasa’vannU sUcisuttave (10.5.4 nODi).
keLage koTTiruva (1kha) vAkyadalli koDali emba I kriyArUpa vannu baLasalAgide, mattu A vAkyada ADuganige adannu baLasi bErobba vyaktiya mUlaka ondu kelasavannu mADisikoLLalu sAdhyavide. (1kha) rAju nALe beLigge nimage hattu sAvira koDali. idallade, vAkyagaLannu bEre vAkyagaLa illavE bEre vAkyagaLalli baruva padakantegaLa oLavAkyagaLannAgi mADi baLasabEkAgiruva sandabhra gaLallU avakke bEreyE kelavu pratyayagaLannu sErisabEkAgiddu, intaha pratyayagaLa baLakeyindalU mElinavakkinta bhinnavAgiruva kelavu kriyA rUpagaLu siddhavAguttave.
udAharaNegAgi, vAkyagaLannu ondu padakanteya angavannAgi mADikoLLalu avugaLa kEndravAgi bandiruva kriyApadakke a emba ‘sambandhisuva’ pratyayavannu sErisikoLLabEkAguttade. I pratyayavannu sErisidAga, antaha kriyApadagaLa koneyalli ghaTaneyannu naDesuva vyaktiyannu sUcisuvudakkAgi bandiruva pratyaya bidduhOguttade, mattu avugaLalli samayavannu sUcisuvudakkAgi bandiruva pratyaya dallU kelavu badalAvaNegaLu naDeyuttave. (2ka) A huDugi mangaLUrige nALe hOguttALe. (2kha) mangaLUrige nALe hOguva huDugi aLuttiddALe. (2ka) vAkyada kriyApadakke a pratyayavannu sErisi, adannu (2kha) vAkyadalli ondu padakanteya angavannAgi mADalAgide. hIge mADuva samayadalli adara koneyalli baruva aLu pratyayavannu tegedu hAkalAgide, mattu mundina samayavannu sUcisuvudakkAgi adaralli utta pratyayada badalu uv pratyayavannu baLasalAgide. vAkyagaLalli I rIti bEre bEre kelasagaLigAgi entaha kriyArUpa gaLella baraballuvu mattu avugaLa oLaracaneyEnu embudannu I adhyAyadalli vivarisalAgide.
5.2 samayavannu sUcisuva pratyayagaLu
vAkyada mukhya angavAgi baruva kriyApadagaLalli ‘hindina samaya’ mattu ‘mundina samaya’ embudAgi eraDu samayagaLannu sUcisaballa pratyayagaLu baLakeyAguttave. ivu A kriyApadagaLiruva vAkyavannu yAva samayadalli ADalAgittO A samayada hinde naDediruva mattu munde naDeyaliruva ghaTanegaLannu sUcisuttave. (3ka) Ata ivattu sanje mUru ganTege hADuttAne. (3kha) Ata ivattu sanje mUru ganTege hADida. mElina eraDu vAkyagaLU ondE ghaTaneyannu (endare Atanu hADuva ghaTaneyannu) tiLisuttave. idallade, I ghaTaneya samaya I eraDu vAkyagaLallU ondE (ivattu sanje mUru ganTege). hIgiddarU, adannu sUcisuva hADu kriyApadavannu (3ka)dalli utta pratyayadondige baLasalAgide, mattu (3kha)dalli adannE id pratyaya dondige baLasalAgide.
I vyatyAsakke kAraNavEnendare, I eraDu pratyayagaLu ghaTaneya samayavannaShTE sUcisuva badalu A samayakkU mattu adannu tiLisuva vAkyada samayakkU naDuviruva sambandhavannu sUcisuttave. (3ka) vAkyavannu ADuva samayadalli A ghaTane naDedillavembudannu (endare A ghaTane anantara naDeyuttade embudannu) adaralli bandiruva utta emba ‘mundina’ samayada pratyaya sUcisuttade, mattu (3kha) vAkya vannu ADiruva samayadalli A ghaTane naDedAgittu embudannu adaralli bandiruva id emba ‘hindina’ samayada pratyaya sUcisuttade.
5.2.1 mundina samaya
mEle koTTiruva eraDu samaya pratyayagaLalli mundina samayavannu sUcisuva utta pratyayakke ellA sandabhragaLallU ondE rUpavide. Adare, I pratyayadondige baruva kriyApadagaLalli mAtra keLage sUcisida hAge eraDu badalAvaNegaLu kANisikoLLuttave.
(ka) ukAradalli konegoLLuva kriyApadagaLondige I pratyaya bandAga avugaLa koneya ukAra biddu hOguttade. naDugu
tUgu
nambu
naDuguttAne tUguttAne nambuttAne kaTTuttAne biDuttAne (kha) ikAra illavE ekAradalli konegoLLuva kriyApadagaLondige I pratyaya bandAga avugaLa koneyalli yakAra sErikoLLuttade. holi
bareyuttAne naDeyuttAne kuDiyuttAne holiyuttAne utta pratyayada mUlaka siddhavAda I kriyArUpagaLige mundina samayadalli jaraguva ghaTanegaLannu sUcisuva artha mAtravallade rUDhiyalli jaraguva ghaTanegaLannu sUcisuva arthavU ide embudannu keLagina vAkyagaLa baLakeyalli kANabahudu. (4ka) avaru ivattu enTu ganTege angaDi tereyuttAre. (4kha) avaru dinAlU enTu ganTege angaDi tereyuttAre. (5ka) mUrakke nAlku sErisidare ELAguttade. (5kha) aparicitarannu kanDAga nAyigaLu bogaLuttave. (5ga) Ata rEDiyO ripEri mADuttAne. pratyayaviruva (4ka)dalli utta tereyuttAre emba mEle kriyArUpa mundina samayadalli jaragaliruva ghaTaneyondannu sUcisuttide. Adare (4kha)dalli adE kriyArUpa rUDhiyalli jaraguva ghaTaneyondannu sUcisuttide. idakke badalu (5ka-kha)gaLalli bandiruva kriyArUpagaLu rUDhiya ghaTanegaLannu mAtravE sUcisaballuvu, mattu (5ga)dalli bandiruva kriyArUpa I eraDu rItiya arthagaLannU koDaballudu.
5.2.2 hindina samaya
hindina samayavannu sUcisuva pratyayakke adara eDakke baruva kriyApada mattu balakke baruva ghaTaka pratyaya - ivugaLannavalambisi halavu rUpagaLive. adarondige baruva kriyApadagaLallU keLage sUcisiruva hAge halavu badalAvaNegaLu kANisikoLLuttave.
(1) I pratyayakke ukAradalli konegoLLuva kriyApadagaLeduru id emba rUpavide, mattu idarondige baruva kriyApadagaLa koneyalliruva ukAra I pratyaya sEridAga biddu hOguttade.
naDugu
mADu
harasu
naDugida mADida harasida mEle naDugida emba kriyArUpadalli naDugu kriyApadakke id emba hindina samayavannu sUcisuva pratyayavU mattu a emba ghaTakavannu sUcisuva pratyayavU sErive. I kriyArUpadalli naDugu kriyApadada koneya akAra bidduhOgide. itara kriyArUpagaLallU hIgeyE. (2) ekAra mattu ikAragaLalli konegoLLuva kriyApadagaLa munde hindina samayavannu sUcisuva pratyayakke d emba rUpavide. kuNida (3) I pratyayada munde ghaTakavannu sUcisuva pratyayagaLalli tu embudu bandideyAdalli adakke id embudara badalu i emba rUpavide. udAharaNegAgi, keLagi koTTiruva naDugitu emba kriyArUpadalli ghaTakavannu sUcisalu tu pratyaya bandideyAda kAraNa adarondige hindina samayavannu sUcisalu i pratyaya bandide (naDugu-i-tu). idallade adarondige baruva kriyApadagaLallU keLage sUcisiruva hAge kelavu badalAvaNegaLu kANisikoLLuttave. (ka) kriyApadagaLa koneya ukAra biddu hOguttade. naDugu
tElu
tumbu
naDugitu tElitu tumbitu kaTTitu (kha) kriyApadagaLa koneya ekAra mattu ikAragaLa munde yakAra sErikoLLuttade. oDeyitu eLeyitu kuDiyitu kudiyitu
5.2.3 apavAdagaLu
mEle sUcisida badalAvaNegaLu kannaDada heccina kriyApadagaLigU hindina samayavannu sUcisuva pratyayavannu sErisidAga kANisikoLLu vantahavu. I badalAvaNegaLige apavAdagaLAgi uLiyuva sumAru ayvattu-aruvattu kriyApadagaLu kannaDadallive. ivugaLalli entaha badalAvaNegaLella naDeyuttave mattu ivugaLondige baruvAga hindina samayada pratyayakke entaha rUpagaLella kANisikoLLuttave embudannu keLage sUcisalAgide (jAsti vivaragaLige SrIdhar 1990 nODi). (1) ikAradalli konegoLLuva kriyApadagaLu: avi, ari, kali mattu bali kriyApadagaLu ikAradalli konegoLLuvuvAdarU, avuga Londige baruva hindina samayavannu sUcisuva pratyayakke adara munde tu ghaTakavannu sUcisuva pratyaya bandAga ti emba rUpavU mattu itara pratyayagaLu bandAga t emba rUpavU ide.
kadi emba innondu ikAradalli konegoLLuva kriyApadadeduru I pratyayakke adara munde tu pratyaya bandAga di emba rUpavU mattu itara pratyayagaLu bandAga d emba rUpavU ide. I eraDu sandabhragaLallU I kriyApadada koneya ikAra biddu hOguttade.
kadditu (2) ekAradalli konegoLLuva kriyApadagaLu: ekAradalli konegoLLuva dore, nere, bere, mare, kale, koLe mattu moLe kriyApadagaLondige baruva hindina samayavannu sUcisuva pratyayakke adara munde tu pratyaya bandAga i embudara badalu ti emba rUpavU mattu itara pratyayagaLu bandAga d emba rUpada badalu t emba rUpavU ide. mare maretitu mareta (3) ukAradalli konegoLLuva kriyApadagaLu: I kriyApadagaLannu keLage sUcisidante vingaDisikonDalli, avu hindina samayavannu sUcisuva pratyayadondige bandAga avugaLalli mattu A pratyayadalli entaha vyatyAsagaLella kANisuttave embudannu tiLidukoLLuva kelasa heccu sulabhavAguttade. (ka) eraDu akSharagaLiddu, avugaLalli ottakSharavAgalI illavE udda svaravAgalI illadiruva kriyApadagaLu: nagu, migu, uDu, koDu, baru, aLu, iru, ityAdi. (kha) eraDu akSharagaLiddu, avugaLalli eraDaneyadu ottakSharavAgiruva kriyApadagaLu: annu, tinnu, nillu, gellu, uNNu, koyyu, bayyu, ityAdi. (ivugaLa eraDu akShara gaLallU giDDa svaragaLu baruttave). (ga) eraDu akSharagaLiddu modalaneya akSharadalli udda svaraviruva kriyApadagaLu: Agu, hOgu, kANu, kAyu, tEyu, sAyu, ELu, bILu, sOlu, ityAdi. (ivu gaLalli ottakShara baruvudilla) (gha) mUru akSharaviruva kriyApadagaLu: bevaru mattu horaDu. I nAlku gumpugaLalli baruva kriyApadagaLu hindina samayavannu sUcisuva pratyayadondige bandAga mEle koTTiruva niyamagaLige hEge apavAdagaLAguttave embudannu keLage vivarisalAgide. (ka) eraDu akSharagaLiruva mattu ottakSharavAgalI udda svaravAgalI illadiruva kriyApadagaLu: intaha kriyApadagaLa eraDaneya akSharadalli g illavE D vyanjana bandideyAdalli (nagu, migu, sigu, hugu embavugaLalli mattu aDu, iDu, uDu, keDu, koDu, toDu, naDu, paDu, biDu, suDu embavugaLalli) A vyanjana k illavE T embudAgi badalAguttade. idallade, avugaLondige baruva hindina samayada pratyayakke adara anantara tu pratyaya bandAga ki mattu Ti emba rUpavU mattu itara pratyayagaLu bandAga k mattu T emba rUpavU ide. hugu kriyApadakke illi hok emba rUpavide. nagu nakkitu
nakka biTTitu taru kriyApadagaLige hindina eraDaneya akSharadalli rakAra illavE LakAra bandiruva intaha kriyApadagaLalli eraDu rItiya vyatyAsagaLannu kANabahudu. baru mattu sUcisuva pratyayadondige bandAga bam mattu tam emba rUpagaLive. I kriyApadagaLeduru hindina samayavannu sUcisuva pratyaya adara anantara tu pratyaya bandAga rUpahInavAguttade, mattu itara pratyayagaLu bandAga d emba rUpadallE baruttade. samayavannu teru mattu aLu kriyApadagaLige tet mattu at emba rUpagaLiddu, ivugaLeduru hindina samayavannu sUcisuva pratyaya adara anantara tu pratyaya bandAga i emba rUpadallU mattu itara pratyayagaLu bandAga t emba rUpadallU baruttade. iru kriyApada eraDu viShayagaLalli mElina kriyApadagaLiginta bhinnavAgide. modalaneyadAgi, idarondige baruva hindina samaya vannu sUcisuva pratyayakke adara anantara tu pratyaya bandAga rUpa hInateyide mattu itara pratyayagaLu bandAga d emba rUpavide. eraDaneyadAgi, I kriyApadakke hindina samayavannu sUcisuva pratyaya rUpahInavAgiruvalli (endare, adara anantara tu pratyaya bandiruvalli) it emba rUpavU mattu itara sandabhragaLalli id emba rUpavU ide. (kha) eraDu akSharagaLiruva mattu eraDaneyadu ottakSharavAgiruva kriyApadagaLu: ivugaLalli annu, tinnu, kollu, nillu mattu sallu kriyApadagaLige hindina samayavannu sUcisuva pratyayadondige bandAga am, tim, kom, nim mattu sam emba rUpagaLive, mattu A pratyayakke adara anantara tu pratyaya bandAga di emba rUpavU mattu itara pratyayagaLu bandAga d emba rUpavU ide. nillu kriyApadadondige mAtra adakke ti mattu t emba rUpagaLive. tinnu nillu uNNu mattu koLLu kriyApadagaLigU mElinavugaLa hAgeyE hindina samayavannu sUcisuva pratyayadondige bandAga um mattu kom emba rUpagaLive, Adare A pratyayakke ivugaLeduru adara anantara tu pratyaya bandideyAdalli Di emba rUpavU mattu itara pratyayagaLu bandiveyAdalli D emba rUpavU ide. gellu mattu mellu kriyApadagaLige hindina samayavannu sUcisuva pratyayadondige bandAga ged mattu med emba rUpagaLive. ivugaLeduru baruva hindina samayavannu sUcisuva pratyayakke adara anantara tu pratyaya bandideyAdare di emba rUpavU mattu itara pratyayagaLu bandiveyAdare d emba rUpavU gellu
gedditu intaha kriyApadagaLalli baruva ottakShara yakAraddAgideyAdare (koyyu, geyyu, toyyu, bayyu mattu hoyyu) hindina samayada pratyayadondige bandAga avugaLa koneya ukAradondige eraDaneya akSharada eraDu yakAragaLalli ondu bidduhOgi ondu yakAra mAtra uLidukoLLuttade (barahadalli bay embudu bay sUcisuva pratyayakke ivugaLeduru adara anantara tu pratyaya bandideyAdare di emba rUpavU mattu itara pratyayagaLu bandiveyAdare d emba rUpavU ide. kANisikoLLuttade). hindina samayavannu bayyu
bayditu
bayda (ga) eraDu akSharagaLiddu avugaLalli modalaneyadara svara udda vAgiruva kriyApadagaLu: ivugaLalli Agu mattu hOgu kriyA padagaLige hindina samayavannu sUcisuva pratyayadeduru A mattu hO emba rUpagaLive. ivugaLondige baruva hindina samayavannu sUcisuva pratyayakke adara anantara tu pratyayavideyAdare i emba rUpavU mattu itara pratyayagaLiveyAdare d emba rUpavU ide. idallade, i pratyaya sEridAga I kriyArUpagaLalli yakAra kANisi koLLuttade. hOgu
hOyitu hOda
kANu kriyApadakke hindina samayavannu sUcisuva pratyaya dondige bandAga kam emba rUpavide. idara munde baruva hindina samayavannu sUcisuva pratyayakke adara anantara tu pratyaya bandide yAdare Di emba rUpavU mattu itara pratyayagaLu bandiveyAdare D emba rUpavU ide. eraDaneya akSharadalli yakAraviruva kriyApadagaLondige I pratyaya sEridAga A kriyApadagaLalli aydu rItiya badalAvaNegaLu kANisikoLLuttave. kelavu kriyApadagaLa koneya ukAra mAtra biddu hOguttade, mattu hindina samayada pratyaya adara anantara tu pratyaya bandideyAdare di emba rUpadallU mattu itara pratyayagaLu bandiveyAdare d emba rUpadallU baruttade. nEyu
nEyditu nEyda Ayu, kAyu (bisiyAgu embarthadalli), tEyu, tOyu, mAyu, mEyu mattu hAyu kriyApadagaLU intahavE rUpa gaLalli baraballuvu. Adare ivugaLalli kelavu ukAradondige yakAravannU kaLedu koLLalu sAdhyavide. udAharaNegAgi tEyu kriyApadakke tEda emba rUpavU ide. idallade, Iyu, kAyu (idiru nODu illavE rakShisu embarthadalli) mattu mAyu embavugaLige I eraDaneya rUpa mAtra iruvante tOruttade. I kriyApadagaLige ghaTakavannu sUcisuva pratyayagaLalli kelavannu mAtra sErisalu sAdhyavAguvudAda kAraNa (kelavakke jODaNeya rUpa mAtra kANisuttade), I viShaya dalli heccu kaTTuniTTAda niyamagaLannu hELuvudu kaShTa. idallade, yakAra uLidiruva rUpa cAritrikavAgi svalpa maTTige hindina kAlada rUpavAgiddu adu bidduhOgiruva rUpa ittIcegina dendu tOruttade. Iyu mattu sAyu kriyApadagaLa eduru baruvAga hindina samayavannu sUcisuva pratyayakke adara anantara tu pratyaya bandide yAdare tti emba rUpavU mattu itara pratyayagaLu bandiveyAdare tta emba rUpavU kANisuttade. I pratyayadondige baruvAga mElina kriyApadagaLa eraDaneya akShara bidduhOguttade mAtravalla, avugaLa modalaneya akSharadalliruva udda svara giDDavAguttade. sAyu
sattitu satta bAyu emba innondu kriyApadavU idE rItiyadu, Adare idara modalaneya akSharadalliruva svara uddavAgiyE uLiyuttade, mattu hindina samayavannu sUcisuva pratyayakke idareduru baruvAga ti mattu t emba rUpagaLive. nOyu, bEyu mattu mIyu kriyApadagaLU hindina samayavannu sUcisuva pratyayadondige bandAga eraDaneya akSharavannu kaLedukoLLuttave mattu modalaneya akSharadalliruva udda svaravannu giDDa svaravannAgi mADikoLLuttave. idallade, avugaLa koneyalli ondu anusvAravU sErikoLLuttade. I kriyApadagaLa munde baruva hindina samayavannu sUcisuva pratyayakke adara anantara tu pratyaya bandideyAdare di emba rUpavU mattu itara pratyayagaLu bandive yAdare d emba rUpavU ide. nOyu nonditu nonda ELu mattu bILu emberaDu kriyApadagaLige hindina samayavannu sUcisuva pratyayadondige bandAga ed mattu bid emba rUpa gaLive. hindina samayavannu sUcisuva pratyayakke illi adara anantara tu pratyaya bandAga di emba rUpavU mattu itara pratyayagaLu bandAga d emba rUpavU ide. bILu
edditu bidditu idakke badalu kILu kriyApadakke kit emba rUpaviddu hindina samayavannu sUcisuva pratyayakke ti mattu t emba rUpagaLive. kILu
sOlu mattu hULu kriyApadagaLige sO mattu hU emba rUpagaLiddu, hindina samayavannu sUcisuva pratyayakke adara anantara tu pratyaya bandAga mEle modalina rUpadalli kANisuva hAge ti emba rUpavU mattu itara pratyayagaLu bandAga t emba rUpavU sOlu
sOtitu sOta (gha) mUru akSharagaLiruva kriyApadagaLu: bevaru mattu horaDu emberaDu kriyApadagaLige hindina samayavannu sUcisuva pratyaya dondige bandAga beva mattu hora emba rUpagaLive. hindina samayavannu sUcisuva pratyayakke adara anantara tu pratyaya bandAga ti mattu Ti emba rUpagaLU mattu itara pratyayagaLu bandAga t mattu T emba rUpagaLU ive. bevaru
bevatitu bevata horaDu horaTitu horaTa
5.2.4 Igina samaya
kannaDadalli iru emba ondu kriyApadakke mAtra hindina mattu mundina samayagaLannu sUcisuva rUpagaLu mAtravallade, Igina samayavannu sUcisuva mUraneyadondu rUpavU ide embudannu nAvu mUraneya adhyAyadalli nODiruvevu (3.1.1 nODi). I rUpadalli vAkyada ghaTakavondannu sUcisuva pratyayagaLige heccukaDime mundina samayavannu sUcisuva kriyArUpagaLalli kANisuva rUpagaLE ive embudannu nAvu munde (5.3)ralli nODaliruvevu.
Igina samayavannu sUcisuva I pratyaya adara anantara e emba ghaTakavannu sUcisuva pratyaya bandAga rUpahInavAguttade mattu itara pratyayagaLu bandAga d emba rUpadalli baruttade. idarondige baruva iru kriyApadakke id emba rUpavide.
iddAne
5.2.5 samaya pratyayavillade baLakeyAguva kriyApadagaLu
balla mattu Ar emba eraDu kriyApadagaLu mAtra mEle sUcisida samaya pratyayagaLalli ondannU paDeyade nEravAgi ghaTaka pratyaya gaLondige baLakeyAguttave. ivu mundina samayadalli naDeyaballa vastuvigiruva ghaTaneyalli toDagalu obba vyakti illavE ‘sAmarthya’vannu mAtravE sUcisuttiruvudE ivugaLondige samaya pratyayagaLu bAra diruvudakke kAraNavirabEku. (6ka) Ake rAtri hottinalli AphIsininda obbaLE baraballaLu. (6kha) nAnu rAtri hottinalli AphIsininda obbanE baraballe. (7ka) nIvu hELida kelasavannu nAnu mADalAre. (7kha) avaralli yAva vastuvU sigalAradu. I eraDu kriyApadagaLU sAmAnyavAgi bErondu kriyApadada jODaNeya rUpadondige baLakeyAguttave. balla kriyApada mAtra svatantravAgiyU baLakeyAgaballudu.
5.3 ghaTakavannu sUcisuva pratyayagaLu
vAkyadalli baruva ghaTakagaLalli yAvudAdarU ondannu cuTukAgi sUcisalu keLage koTTiruva ombattu bEre bEre pratyayagaLalli ondannu kriyApadadondige baLasabEkAguttade. (illi ‘halavaru’ embudakke obbariginta (illavE ondakkinta) jAsti emba arthavide, mattu I halavarannu sUcisuva pratyaya ganDasu-hengasu emba vyatyAsavannu tOrisuvudilla). kELuga
itararu: ganDasu
hengasu
halavaru I pratyayagaLa baLakeyannu keLage koTTiruva koDu kriyApadada mundina samayada rUpagaLalli kANabahudu. kELuga
itararu: ganDasu
koDuttEne koDutti koDuttAne halavaru koDuttEve koDuttIri koDuttAre hengasu
koDuttALe koDuttade koDuttave mEle koTTiruva pratyayagaLige avugaLondige baruva samayada pratyayavannavalambisi eraDu rUpagaLive. modalaneyadAgi, kriyApada dondige mundina samayavannu sUcisuva pratyaya bandideyAdalli adara anantara baruva I pratyayagaLige mEle koTTiruva rUpagaLiru ttave.
Adare, idakke badalu kriyApadadondige hindina samayavannu sUcisuva pratyaya bandideyAdalli avakke mEle koTTudakkinta svalpa bhinnavAgiruva rUpagaLu kANisikoLLuttave. idannu koDu kriyApadada keLagina rUpagaLalli kANabahudu. kELuga
itararu: ganDasu
hengasu
koTTe
koTTaLu koTTitu halavaru koTTevu koTTaru koTTuvu hindina samayavannu sUcisuva I kriyArUpagaLalli ghaTakavannu sUcisuvudakkAgi baruva pratyayagaLige keLagina paTTiyalli kANisiru vantaha rUpagaLiveyembudannu gamanisabahudu. kELuga
itararu: ganDasu
hengasu
halavaru iru emba ondu kriyApadakke mAtra mundina mattu hindina samayagaLannu sUcisuva rUpAvaLigaLu mAtravallade Igina samaya vannu sUcisuva mUraneyadondu rUpAvaLiyU ide embudannu nAvu mEle (5.2.4)ralli nODiruvevu. I rUpAvaLiyalli ghaTaka vannu sUcisuva pratyayagaLalli heccinavakkU mundina samayavannu sUcisuva kriyArUpagaLalli kANisuva rUpavE ide. Adare, ade mattu ave pratyayagaLu e mattu ve emba rUpadallU mattu i pratyaya Iye emba rUpadallU baruttave. kELuga
itararu: ganDasu
hengasu
iddEne
iddIye iddAne
iddALe
halavaru iddEve balla mattu Ar emba eraDu kriyApadagaLondige ghaTakavannu sUcisuva I pratyayagaLu nEravAgi, endare samaya pratyayagaLa sahAyavillade baLakeyAguttave embudannu nAvu mEle 5.2.5ralli nODiruvevu.
I kriyApadagaLeduru ghaTakavannu sUcisuva pratyayagaLige hindina samayavannu sUcisuva pratyayadeduru kANisuva rUpagaLE ive. Adare, i mattu tu pratyayagaLige mAtra I kriyApadagaLeduru e mattu udu emba rUpagaLive. kELuga
itararu: ganDasu
hengasu
balle balle ballaLu
balludu
halavaru ballevu ballaru balluvu
5.4 isu pratyayada baLake
kannaDada heccina kriyApadagaLU mElina eraDu pratyayagaLannu paDeyuva modalu isu emba innondu pratyayavannu paDeyaballuvu. I pratyayakke sandabhrakkanusAravAgi bEre bEre arthagaLu baruttiddu, ivugaLalli ghaTaneyannu mADuvante vyaktiyobbanannu prErEpisuvantaha artha prAmukhyavAdudu. (8ka) sIte jAnakigondu patra baredaLu. (8kha) sundari sIteya kayyalli jAnakigondu patra baresidaLu. saynikaru sereyALugaLannu kondaru. (9kha) rAja saynikara mUlaka sereyALugaLannu kollisida. (8ka)dalli bare kriyApada nEravAgi samayavannu sUcisuva d pratyaya dondige mattu ghaTakavannu sUcisuva aLu pratyayadondige bandide. Adare (8kha)dalli idE kriyApada I eraDu pratyayagaLannu paDeyuva modalu isu emba bErondu pratyayavannu paDedide.
(8ka)dalli bare kriyApada sIte naDesida ondu ghaTaneyannu sUcisuttade; (8kha)dalli adE kriyApada isu pratyayadondige bandideyAda kAraNa, sIte A ghaTaneyannu naDesuvante sundari prErEpisiruvaLembudannu sUcisuttade. isu pratyayakke I rIti vAkyakkondu prEraka ghaTakavannu sErisuva kelasa mAtravallade bEreyU kelavu kelasagaLive. vAkyadallondu mADuga ghaTakavideyAdare, antaha vAkyavannu I pratyaya keLage sUcisiruva hAge mUru rItigaLalli badalAyisaballudu. (ka) mEle sUcisida hAge isu pratyaya A vAkyakke ondu prEraka ghaTakavannu sErisaballudu. intaha sandabhragaLalli vAkyada mADuga ghaTaka kayyalli illavE mUlaka emba padadondige baruttade (8kha, 9kha nODi). (kha) eraDaneyadAgi, isu pratyaya A vAkyakke ondu hosa mADuga ghaTakavannu sErisaballududu. intaha sandabhragaLalli vAkyadalli modalu mADugavAgidda ghaTaka AgugavAguttade; vAkyadalli modalu bErondu Aguga ghaTakavittAdare, isu pratyayavannu baLasidAga A Agugavannu biTTubiDabEkAguttade.
(10ka) rAmu nadiyannu dATida. (10kha) sItApati rAmuvannu dATisida. (11ka) danagaLu hullu mEyuttive. (11kha) kxShNappa danagaLannu mEyisuttiddAne. (10kha)dalli kriyApadadondige isu pratyayavannu baLasalAgiddu, sItApati emba hosadondu ghaTaka adara mADugavAgi bandide. adaralli modaligidda (endare (10ka)dallidda) mADuga ghaTaka Aguga vAgide (rAmu ghaTaka annu pratyayadondige bandide) mattu modali gidda Aguga ghaTakavannu (nadi embudannu) vAkyadinda biTTu koDalAgide (11khadallU hIgeyE). kannaDada kelavu kriyApadagaLu I eraDu rItiya vAkyagaLallU baLakeyAgaballuvu. udAharaNegAgi, keLage koTTiruva (12ka-ga) vAkya gaLannu gamanisabahudu. (12ka) rAju mUru maylu ODida. (12kha) hari rAjuvina kayyalli mUru maylu ODisida. (12ga) hari rAjuvannu mUru maylu ODisida. mEle (12kha)dalli hari ghaTaka prErakavAgi bandiddu, modalu mADugavAgidda rAju ghaTaka mADugavAgiyE uLidide mattu kayyalli emba padadondige bandide. idakke badalu (12ga)dalli hari ghaTaka mADugavAgi bandide mattu rAju ghaTaka AgugavAgi (annu pratyayadondige) bandide. I mUru vAkyagaLallU mUru mayli embudu parimANavannu sUcisuva ondu amukhya ghaTaka. (ga) mUraneyadAgi, isu pratyaya mADuga ghaTakaviruva vAkyakke ondu hosa mADugavannu sErisuvudarondige adaralli modalidda mADuga ghaTakavannu kone ghaTakavAgi badalAyisaballudu. (13ka) magu bALEhaNNu tinnuttA ide. (13kha) muraLi maguvige bALEhaNNu tinnisuttA iddAne. (14ka) rAghava ondu kap majjige kuDida. (14kha) gangamma rAghavanige ondu kap majjige kuDisidaLu. (13kha)dalli muraLi emba ondu hosatAgiruva (endare (13ka)dalli illadidda) mADuga ghaTaka sErikonDide mattu adaralli modalige idda magu emba mADuga ghaTaka kone ghaTakavAgi badalAgiddu ge pratyaya dondige baLakeyAgide. intaha vAkyagaLallU hosadAgi ondu mADuga ghaTakada badalu prEraka ghaTakavannu sErisikoLLalu sAdhyavide; hAge mADidAga modalidda mADuga ghaTaka mADugavAgiyE uLiyuttadAdarU kayyalli emba padadondige baruttade. (15ka) avanu mUru capAti tinda. (15kha) nAnu avanige mUru capAti tinniside. (15ga) nAnu avana kayyalli mUru capAti tinniside. (gha) mADuga ghaTakavillada vAkyagaLa kriyApadagaLige isu pratyaya sEridAga avakkella hosadAgi mADuga ghaTakavondu sErikoLLuttade. (16ka) nIru kudiyitu. (16kha) jAnaki nIru kudisidaLu. (17ka) sItApatige parIkSheya suddi muTTide. (17kha) rAju sItApatige parIkSheya suddi muTTisiddAne. (16ka)dalli mADuga ghaTakavilla; Adare (16kha)dalli kudi kriyApadakke isu pratyayavannu sErisalAgideyAda kAraNa, adaralli jAnaki emba mADuga ghaTakavondu hosatAgi sErikonDide. isu pratyayada baLakeyAdAga, vAkyada kriyApadavannavalambisi adara ghaTakagaLalli bEreyU kelavu badalAvaNegaLu kANisuttave. udaharaNegAgi, keLage koTTiruva nAlku badalAvaNegaLannu gamanisa bahudu.
(Ga) meccu illavE nambu kriyApadakke isu pratyayavannu sErisidAga, adara Aguga mADugavAguttade, mattu mADuga AgugavAguttade. (18ka) rAmu jAnakiyannu nambida. (18kha) jAnaki rAmuvannu nambisidaLu. (ca) hedaru, sOlu, rEgu, oppu modalAda bEre kelavu kriyApadagaLige isu pratyaya sEridAga avugaLa kone ghaTaka mADuga ghaTakavAguttade. (19ka) rAvaNa hanumantanige sOta. (19kha) hanumanta rAvaNanannu sOlisida. (cha) kANu mattu kELu kriyApadagaLige isu pratyaya sEridAga avugaLa mADuga ghaTaka kone ghaTakavAguttade. (20ka) avanu ondu hADannu kELida. (20kha) avanige ondu hADu kELisitu.
(ja) tere, oDe, suDu modalAda bEre kelavu kriyApadagaLu mADuga ghaTakadondigU baraballuvu, mADuga ghaTakavilladeyU baraballuvu. intaha kriyApadagaLige isu pratyayavannu sErisidalli, avu prErakadondige mAtra baraballuvallade prErakavillade baralAravu. (21ka) bAgilu tereyitu. (21kha) huDuga bAgilu tereda. (21ga) Ake huDugana kayyalli bAgilu teresidaLu. (21ka)dalli tere kriyApadadondige Aguga ghaTaka (bAgilu) mAtra bandide; (21kha)dalli adE kriyApadadondige mADuga (huDuga) mattu Aguga (bAgilu)gaLeraDU bandive; (21ga)dalli A kriyApadakke isu pratyayavannu sErisalAgideyAda kAraNa adarondige Aguga (bAgilu) mattu mADuga (huDuga) ghaTakagaLu mAtravallade prEraka ghaTakavU (Ake embudU) bandide.
5.5 vAkyada naDuve kANisuva kriyArUpagaLu
nAvu iduvarege pariSIlisida kriyArUpagaLella vAkyada koneyalli baruva mukhya kriyApadada rUpagaLu. ondu vAkyavannu innondu vAkyadondige jODisi hELabEkAdAga illavE innondu vAkyada illavE padakanteya oLavAkyavannAgi mADi hELabEkAdAga, antaha vAkyadalli baruva mukhya kriyApada vAkyada naDuve kANisikoLLuttade. I rIti vAkyada naDuve kANisikoLLuva kriyApadakke vAkyada koneyalli baruva kriyApadakkinta bhinnavAda rUpaviruttade. udAharaNegAgi, vAkyada naDuve baruva kriyApadadondige ghaTaka vannu sUcisuva pratyaya baruvudilla. endu, emba, O embantaha etti hELuva pada illavE pratyayagaLondige baruva kriyArUpagaLu mAtra idakke apavAdagaLu. vAkyada naDuve baruva kriyApadadondige samaya pratyaya baraballudAdarU adakke kelavu sandabhragaLalli vAkyada koneyalli baruva samaya pratyayakkinta bEreyE arthaviruttade.
I rIti vAkyada naDuve baruva kriyArUpagaLalli entaha pratyaya gaLella baruttave mattu avugaLa baLake hEge embudannu keLagina upa vibhAgagaLalli vivarisalAgide.
5.5.1 jODisuva rUpagaLu
ondu vAkyavannu innondu vAkyadondige jODisi hELuvudakkAgi mUru vidhAnagaLu baLakeyalliddu, A vAkyada mukhya kriyApadadalli kelavu badalAvaNegaLannu mADuvudara mUlaka adannu innondu vAkyadondige jODisuvudu ivugaLalli ondu embudannu nAvu munde enTanE adhyAyadalli nODaliruvevu. I vidhAnadalli baLakeyAguva jODisuva kriyArUpadalli samayavannu sUcisuva pratyaya baruttade, Adare ghaTakavannu sUcisuva pratyaya baruvudilla. (22ka) rAju manege hOgi nidde mADida. (22kha) jAnaki manege hOgi aDuge mADidaLu. (22ga) rAju manege hOgalu rikShA hattida. hOguva ghaTaneyannu naDesida vyakti (22ka)dalli obba ganDasu mattu (22kha)dalli obba hengasu; hIgiddarU iveraDu vAkyagaLallU hOgi emba ondE kriyArUpa jODisuva rUpavAgi bandide.
(22ka) mattu (22kha) vAkyagaLalli modalaneya ghaTane eraDane yadara modalE naDediruttade. Adare (22ga)dalli modalaneya ghaTane naDeyuvantahadAgide. I vyatyAsavannu eraDaneyadara anantara sUcisuvudakkAgi (22ka-kha)gaLalli hOgi emba kriyArUpavannU, mattu (22ga)dalli hOgalu emba kriyArUpavannU baLasalAgide. I rIti I jODisuva kriyArUpagaLu ghaTanegaLa samayadalli kANisuva vyatyAsagaLannu sUcisaballuvu, Adare avugaLa ghaTakagaLalli kANisuva vyatyAsagaLannu sUcisalAravu.
5.5.2 samayavannu sUcisuva pratyayagaLu
samayavannu sUcisuvudakkAgi intaha jODisuva kriyArUpagaLalli baruva pratyayagaLigU mattu vAkyada koneya kriyArUpagaLalli baruva pratyayagaLigU naDuve halavu vyatyAsagaLive.
mEle 5.2ralli vivarisiruva hAge, vAkyada koneyalli baruva kriyArUpagaLu ghaTaneyondara samayavannu vAkyavannADuva samayakke sambandhisidante sUcisuttave. A ghaTane vAkyavannADuva samayakkinta hinde naDedudembudannu sUcisalu avugaLalli ‘hindina samaya’da pratyayavU mattu adu A samayada anantara naDeyuvantahadu embudannu sUcisalu ‘mundina samaya’da pratyayavU baLakeyAgu ttave. ghaTaneya samayakkU mattu vAkyada samayakkU naDuviruva sambandhavannu I rIti vAkyada koneya kriyArUpavE tiLisuva kAraNa adannE puna: vAkyada naDuve baruva jODisuva kriyArUpagaLu tiLisuva avaSyakateyilla. hAgAgi, jODisiruva eraDu vAkyagaLu tiLisuva ghaTanegaLa naDuve samayada maTTige entaha sambandhavide embudannu mAtra jODisuva kriyArUpadalli baruva samaya pratyayagaLu tiLisuttave. keLagina vAkyagaLalli I eraDu rItiya pratyaya gaLU bandiddu, avugaLa naDuviruva vyatyAsa spaShTavAgi kANisuttade. (23ka) rAju manege hOgi nidde mADida. (23kha) rAju manege hOgi nidde mADuttAne. (23ka)dalli samayavannu sUcisuvudakkAgi hOgu kriyApadadondige i pratyaya bandide mattu mADu kriyApadadondige d pratyaya bandide. (idallade, mADu kriyApadadondige ghaTakavannu sUcisuva a pratyayavU bandide). illi i pratyaya manege hOguva ghaTane nidde mADuva ghaTaneginta modalE naDedide embudannu tiLisuttade, mattu d pratyaya nidde mADuva ghaTane (23ka) vAkyavannu ADiruva samayakkinta modalE naDedide embudannu sUcisuttade. (23ka) vAkyadalli manege hOguva ghaTane A vAkyavannADiruva samayakkinta modalE naDedideyemba artha sUcitavAguvudAdarU adu nEravAgi hOgu kriyApadadondige baruva i pratyayadinda sUcitavAguvudilla; adakke badalu, mADu kriyApadadondige baruva d pratyayadinda (mattu manege hOguva ghaTane nidde mADuva ghaTaneginta modalE naDedide embudarinda) sUcitavAguttade.
i pratyayakke I rIti eraDaneya ghaTanege sambandhisidantaha samayavannu sUcisuva arthavideyallade vAkyavannu ADiruva samayakke sambandhisidante samayavannu sUcisuva arthavilla embudannu mEle koTTiruva (23kha) vAkya spaShTapaDisuttade. I vAkyadallU hOgu kriyApadadondige i pratyaya bandide. Adare mADu kriyA padadondige mundina samayavannu sUcisuva utta pratyaya bandideyAda kAraNa, illi manege hOguva ghaTane (23kha) vAkyavannu ADiruva samayada anantara (endare ‘mundina’ samayadalli) naDe diralu sAdhyavide.
eraDu ghaTanegaLa naDuve keLage sUcisida hAge avu naDeyuva samayakke sambandhisidante nAlku rItiya sambandhagaLiralu sAdhyavide. (1) modalaneya vAkya sUcisuva ghaTane eraDaneya vAkya sUcisuva ghaTaneginta modalu naDeyuvantahadirabahudu,
(2) modalaneya vAkya sUcisuva ghaTane eraDaneya vAkya sUcisuva ghaTaneginta anantara naDeyuvantahadirabahudu,
(3) eraDu vAkyagaLu sUcisuva ghaTanegaLU ondE samaya dalli naDeyuvantahavirabahudu, illavE
(4) modalaneya vAkya sUcisuva ghaTane naDeyade eraDaneya vAkya sUcisuva ghaTane naDeyuvantirabahudu.
I nAlku rItiya sAdhyategaLannu sUcisuvudakkAgi modalaneya vAkyada kriyApadadondige nAlku rItiya pratyayagaLannu baLasalu sAdhyavide embudannu keLagina udAharaNegaLalli kANabahudu. (24ka) nAnu sIbehaNNannu bEyisi kattariside. (24kha) nAnu sIbehaNNannu bEyisalu kattariside. (24ga) nAnu sIbehaNNannu bEyisuttA kattariside. (24gha) nAnu sIbehaNNannu bEyisade kattariside. mElina vAkyagaLalli pratiyondarallU sIbehaNNannu bEyisuvudu mattu sIbe haNNannu kattarisuvudu embudAgi eraDeraDu ghaTane gaLannu sUcisalAgide.
(24ka)dalli I eraDu ghaTanegaLalli modalaneyadu (bEyisu vudu) eraDaneyadakkinta modalu naDedideyendu sUcisalAgide; (24kha)dalli modalaneyadu eraDaneyadara anantara naDeyuvantahadu endu sUcisalAgide; (24ga)dalli iveraDU oTTige naDedive endu sUcisalAgide; mattu (24gha)dalli modalaneyadu naDeyade eraDane yadu naDedideyendu sUcisalAgide. eraDu ghaTanegaLa naDuve avugaLa samayadalli kANisuva I nAlku rItiya sambandhagaLannu sUcisuvudakkAgi avugaLalli modalaneya ghaTaneyannu sUcisuva kriyApadadondige anukramavAgi i, alu, uttA mattu ade emba nAlku pratyayagaLannu baLasalAgide.
ivugaLalli i pratyayavu adakkiruva kelavu rUpagaLalli hindina samayada pratyayada hAgeyE kANisuttade; Adare bEre kelavu rUpagaLalli adu bhinnavAgide. uttA pratyayavU mundina samayavannu sUcisuva utta pratyayavannu hOluttade. Adare arthadalli I eraDu pratyayagaLU mEle vivarisida pratyayagaLiginta bhinnavAgive (jAsti vivaragaLige bhaT 1999:20-28 nODi). ade emba nAlkaneya pratyayavannu mAtra samaya pratyayavendu parigaNisuva badalu allagaLeyuva pratyayavendu parigaNisalu sAdhya vide. yAkendare, adu samayada maTTige eraDu ghaTanegaLu sambandhi silla embudAgi sUcisuttideyendu hELalU sAdhya.
vAkyagaLannu pada illavE padakantegaLondige sambandhisuvudakkAgi baLasuva a pratyayadeduru ad emba allagaLeyuva pratyaya baru ttadeyembudannu nAvu keLage 5.6ralli nODaliruvevu. jODisuva vAkyagaLalli ghaTaneyondannu allagaLeyuvudakkAgi baruva ade emba pratyayakkU mattu I ad pratyayakkU naDuve sambandhavannu kalpisalu sAdhyavide.
baru mattu taru emberaDu kriyApadagaLige ad pratyayadeduru iruva hAge I ade pratyayadedurU bAr mattu tAr emba viSiShTavAda rUpagaLiveyembudannu illi gamanisabahudu. (25ka) avanu bArade nAnu hOguvudilla. (25kha) avanu bArade namma kelasa keTTuhOyitu.
5.5.3 i pratyayada rUpagaLu
ondu ghaTane innondu ghaTaneginta modalE naDedide (athavA naDeyuttade) embudannu sUcisuva i pratyayakke kriyApadagaLa svarUpavannAdharisi bEre bEre rUpagaLive. mEle sUcisida hAge, I rUpagaLu kelavu viShayagaLalli hindina samayavannu sUcisuva pratyaya vannu hOluvuvAdarU bEre kelavu viShayagaLalli adakkinta bhinna vAgive. ukAradalli konegoLLuva heccina kriyApadagaLigU hindina samaya vannu sUcisuvudakkAgi id pratyayavannu sErisalAguttade. ondu ghaTane innondakkinta modalu naDeyuvantahadembudAgi ‘modalina samaya’vannu sUcisuva pratyaya intaha kriyApadagaLondige i emba rUpadalli baruttade. kriyApada mADu
kELu
baduku
hindina samaya modalina samaya mADidaLu kELidaLu badukidaLu mElina udAharaNegaLalli hindina samayavannu sUcisuva pratyaya aLu pratyayadeduru id emba rUpadallU mattu modalina samaya vannu sUcisuva pratyaya i emba rUpadallU bandiruvudannu kANa bahudu. (26ka-kha)gaLalli I eraDu rUpagaLU bandive. (26ka) jAnaki ondu candada buTTi mADidaLu. (26kha) jAnaki ondu candada buTTi mADi nanage koTTaLu. mADu kriyApadadondige hindina (26ka)dalli samayavannu sUcisuvu dakkAgi id pratyaya bandide (adara anantara ghaTakavannu sUcisuva aLu pratyayavU bandide). idakke badalu (26kha)dalli adE kriyApadadondige modalina samayavannu sUcisuva i pratyaya bandide. (26kha)dalli I kriyApada vAkyada naDuve bandiruvudannu gamanisabahudu.
ikAradalli konegoLLuva kriyApadagaLondige hindina samayavannu sUcisuva pratyayakke d emba rUpavide, mattu modalina samayavannu sUcisuva pratyayakke du emba rUpavide. kriyApada holi
hindina samaya modalina samaya kuNidaLu kuDidaLu holidaLu kuNidu kuDidu holidu idE rItiyalli ekAradalli konegoLLuva kriyApadagaLondige hindina samayavannu sUcisuva pratyayakke d emba rUpavide mattu modalina samayavannu sUcisuva pratyayakke du emba rUpavide. kriyApada hindina samaya modalina samaya karedaLu
baredaLu
naDedaLu karedu baredu naDedu mElina niyamagaLige apavAdavAgi baruva kriyApadagaLallella (vivaragaLige 5.2.3 nODi) modalina samayada pratyaya hindina samayada pratyayada hAgeyE (endare adakke adara anantara anu, aLu modalAda ghaTakagaLannu sUcisuva pratyayagaLu bandAga kANisuva rUpada hAgeyE) ide. Adare I sannivESagaLalli hindina samayada pratyaya ondu vyanjanada rUpadalli (d, D, k, T, t ityAdigaLAgi) baruvudAdare modalina samayada pratyaya A vyanjana dondige ondu ukAravU sErikonDiruva rUpadalli (du, Du, ku, Tu, tu ityAdiyAgi) baruttade. kriyApada nagu koDu
koyyu tinnu kalitu nakku hindina samaya modalina samaya kalitaLu
nakkaLu
koTTaLu attaLu
unDaLu koydaLu tindaLu
koydu koTTu
5.5.4 sambandhisuva rUpagaLu
vAkyavondannu ondu pada illavE padakanteyondige sambandhisuvu dakkAgi adara mukhya kriyApadakke a emba sambandhisuva pratyayavannu sErisabEkAguttade. I pratyayadeduru kriyApadadalli samayavannu sUcisuva pratyaya kANisikoLLuttade, Adare ghaTakavannu sUcisuva pratyaya kANisikoLLuvudilla.
(27ka) huDugi marakke hattidaLu. (27kha) marakke hattida huDugi hU koyyuttiddALe. (27ka)dalli bandiruva vAkyavannu huDugi padadondige sambandhisi (27kha)dalli hELalAgide, mattu idakkAgi adara koneyalli bandiruva hattidaLu kriyApadakke a pratyayavannu sErisalAgide. I pratyaya deduru ghaTakavannu sUcisuva aLu pratyaya bidduhOgide, Adare samayavannu sUcisuva d pratyaya uLidukonDide. hindina samayavannu sUcisuva pratyayakke adara anantara tu pratyayavannu biTTu itara ghaTakagaLannu sUcisuva pratyayagaLu bandAga yAva rUpa kANisuttadeyO adE rUpa adara anantara I sambandhavannu sUcisuva a pratyaya bandAgalU kANisuttade. tiLisuva rUpa huDugi bandaLu
mara oNagitu janaru hADidaru
elegaLu uduriduvu udurida elegaLu sambandhisuva rUpa banda huDugi oNagida mara hADida janaru samayavannu sUcisuva pratyayada anantara I mundina sambandhisuva pratyaya bandAga adakke uv emba bEreyE ondu rUpavide.
tiLisuva rUpa huDugi baruttALe mara oNaguttade
janaru hADuttAre elegaLu uduruttave uduruva elegaLu sambandhisuva rUpa baruva huDugi oNaguva mara hADuva janaru I uv pratyayadondige baruva kriyApadagaLa koneyalli ukAravideyAdare adu biddu hOguttade, mattu ikAra illavE ekAravideyAdare adara anantara yakAra baruttade. tiLisuva rUpa sambandhisuva rUpa gellu
ODuva gelluva kuDiyuva kareyuva ghaTaneyondannu allagaLeyuvudakkAgi kannaDadalli illa emba kriyArUpavannu baLasalAguttade. idannu kriyApadada jODaNeya rUpadondige (modalina samayavannu sUcisuva rUpadondige) baLasidalli adu A ghaTane vAkyavannADiruva samayakkinta hinde naDedira lillavembudAgi adannu allagaLeyuttade, mattu kriyApadada nAmapada rUpakke sErisidalli mundina samayadalli A ghaTane naDeyuvudilla embudAgi adannu allagaLeyuttade (heccina vivaragaLige 9.3.3 nODi).
vAkyagaLannu pada illavE padakantegaLondige sambandhisuva a pratyayadondige baLasidAga mAtra, intaha allagaLeyuva vAkyagaLalli samayada vyatyAsa illavAguttade. mEle vivarisida eraDu rItiya allagaLeyuva vAkyagaLU ondE rItiya sambandhisuva rUpadalli kANisikoLLuttave.
(28ka) huDuga SAlege hOgalilla. (28kha) SAlege hOgada huDuga peTTu tindiddAne. (29ka) huDuga SAlege hOguvudilla. (29kha) SAlege hOgada huDuga peTTu tinnuttAne. (28kha)dalli hOgalilla emba kriyArUpakke badalAgi hOgada emba sambandhisuva rUpabandide, mattu (29kha)dalli hOguvudilla emba kriyArUpakke badalAgiyU adE hOgada rUpavE sambandhisuva rUpavAgi baLakeyAgide. I rIti kriyApadagaLa allagaLeyuva rUpagaLannu sambandhisuva rUpagaLannAgi badalAyisidAga avu hindina mattu mundina samaya gaLa naDuviruva vyatyAsavannu sUcisalAravu embudannu keLagina vAkya gaLalli spaShTavAgi kANabahudu. (30ka) SAleyalli UTa mADada huDugarige hoTTenOvAgira (30kha) SAleyalli UTa mADada huDugarige aydu keji akki koDuttAre. (30ka)dalli bandiruva mADada emba sambandhisuva rUpa spaShTa vAgiyU mADalilla embudarinda siddhavAgide. Adare (30kha)dalli bandiruva adE mADada emba rUpa mADuvudilla embudarindalU (yAva huDugaru SAleyalli UTa mADuvudillavO avarige) siddhavAgiralu sAdhya embudannu gamanisabahudu. ghaTanegaLannu allagaLeyuvudakkAgi baruva I sambandhisuva kriyArUpagaLalli kriyApadadondige ad pratyaya baruttade. I pratyayakkEnE allagaLeyuva arthavideyAda kAraNa, adarondige illa emba padavannu baLasuva avaSyakateyilla. ad pratyayadeduru ukAradalli konegoLLuva kriyApadagaLa koneya ukAra biddu hOguttade, mattu ikAra illavE ekAradalli konegoLLuva kriyApadagaLa koneyalli yakAra sErikoLLuttade. mADu
mADada nillu mugi
nillada mugiyada bareyada baru mattu taru emba eraDu kriyApadagaLu mAtra I pratyayadeduru bAr mattu tAr emba rUpadalli baruttave. (31ka) huDugi maduvege baralilla. (31kha) maduvege bArada huDugi
5.5.5 Sharattannu sUcisuva rUpa
ondu vAkya tiLisuva ghaTane innondu vAkya tiLisuva ghaTanege Sharattu embudannu sUcisuvudakkAgi modalaneya vAkyada mukhya kriyApadakke are pratyayavannu sErisalAguttade (8.3.3 nODi). Adare I pratyaya vannu kriyApadada hindina samayada rUpagaLige mAtravE sErisi hELalu sAdhya embudannu illi gamanisabahudu. (32ka) rAju bandare nanage manege hOgabahudu. (32kha) jAsti biskiT tindare hoTTenOvAdItu. (32ga) nIvu innomme I kaDe bandare nammallige banni. (32gha) Ake tanage EnAdarU sikkidare rAjuvigU koDuttALe. (32ka)dalli nAnu manege hOguvudu emba eraDaneya ghaTanege rAju baruvudu emba modalaneya ghaTane SharattAgide; idannu sUcisuvudakkAgi modalaneya baru kriyApadakke are pratyayavannu sErisi adannondu jODisuva kriyArUpavannAgi mADalAgide.
intaha SharattugaLella sAmAnyavAgi mundina samayadalli naDeya bahudAda ghaTanege sambandhisidavugaLu. hindina samayadalli naDeya bahudAgidda ghaTanege sambandhisidante ondu Sharattannu hELabEkiddalli adakkAgi eraDU vAkyagaLalli baruva kriyApadagaLondige iru kriyA padada rUpagaLannu baLasabEkAguttade. (33ka) nInu karediddare nAnu baruttidde. (33kha) parIkShege kUtiddare pAsAgabahudittu. (33ga) skUTarannu mellage ODisiddare apaghAtavAguttiralilla. (33ka)dalli Sharattannu sUcisuva modalaneya kriyApadadondige iddare emba kriyArUpavannU mattu Sharattige hondikonDante naDeyuva ghaTaneyannu sUcisuva eraDaneya kriyApadadondige idde emba kriyArUpavannU baLasalAgide. modalaneya kriyArUpadalli are pratyayavannu I iru kriyApadada hindina samayada rUpakke sErisa lAgide. (33kha-ga)gaLallU hIgeyE.
5.5.6 kriyApadada nAmapadarUpagaLu
ondu vAkyavannu innondu vAkyada ghaTakavannAgi mADi hELalu mUru vidhAnagaLiveyembudannu nAvu munde ELaneya adhyAyadalli (7.3.2ralli) nODaliruvevu. ivugaLalli ondu vidhAnada baLakeyalli (embudu padada baLakeyalli) vAkyada kriyApadadalli yAva badalAvaNeyU naDeyade adu hAgeyE uLiyuttade. Adare, uLida eraDu vidhAnagaLa baLakeyalli (ike illavE udu pratyayagaLa baLake yalli) ghaTakavAgi baruva vAkyada kriyApadadallU kelavu badalA vaNegaLu kANisikoLLuttave. ike pratyayavannu sErisidAga kriyApadadondige baruva samaya vannu sUcisuva pratyaya mattu ghaTakavannu sUcisuva pratyaya - iveraDU biddu hOguttave. Adare udu pratyayavannu sErisidAga ghaTakavannu sUcisuva pratyaya biddu hOguvudAdarU samayavannu sUcisuva pratyaya hAgeyE uLidukoLLuttade. I vyatyAsavannu keLagina vAkyagaLalli kANabahudu. (34ka) avanu kuNiyuvudu cannAgide. (34kha) avanu kuNidudu cannAgittu. (34ga) avana kuNiyuvike cannAgide/cannAgittu. udu pratyayadondige mundina samayavannu sUcisuvudakkAgi uv pratyayavannU mattu hindina samayavannu sUcisuvudakkAgi d pratyayavannU (adara D, T, k, id modalAda bEre bEre rUpagaLalli) baLasalu sAdhya embudannu (34ka-kha)dalli kANabahudu.
Adare ike pratyayadondige I eraDu samayavannu sUcisuva pratyayagaLalli yAvudannU baLasalu sAdhyavAgadembudannu hindina samayada mattu mundina samayada ghaTanegaLeraDannU sUcisaballa kuNiyuvike padada baLakeyalli (34gadalli) kANabahudu. illi ike pratyayavannu nEravAgi kriyApadakkEnE sErisalAgide. udu pratyayadondige ghaTaneyannu allagaLeyuvudakkAgi ad pratyayavannu baLasalu sAdhyavide. Adare A pratyayakke illi hindina ghaTaneyannu allagaLeyuva arthavideyallade mundina ghaTaneyannu allagaLeyuva arthavilla. I eraDaneya arthavannu sUcisuvudakkAgi vAkyada mukhya kriyApadadondige iru kriyApadada rUpagaLannu baLasuva avaSyakateyide.
(35ka) avaLu ninne hADadudannu yArU gamanisiralilla. (35kha) avaLu nALe hADadiruvudakke nIvE kAraNa. (35ka)dalli allagaLeyuva ad pratyaya udu pratyayadondige hADadudannu emba nAmapadarUpadalli bandiruvudannu kANabahudu. Adare I rUpakke hindina ghaTaneyondannu allagaLeyuva artha mAtravE ide. mundina ghaTaneyondannu allagaLeyuvudakkAgi (35kha) dalli ad pratyayadondige iru kriyApadada iruvudu emba rUpavannu (hADadiruvudakke embudaralli) baLasabEkAgide.
5.6 kUDupadagaLu
ondu vAkyada kriyApadavannu adara ‘jODisuva’ rUpakke badalA yisuvudara mUlaka adannu innondu vAkyadondige jODisi hELalu sAdhya embudannu nAvu mEle (5.4.1-3)ralli nODiruvevu. intaha vAkyagaLalli mUru bEre bEre samayagaLannu sUcisuva jODisuva kriyArUpagaLu baLakeyAguttave. (36ka) rAju mangaLUrige hOgi ondu pustaka tandidda. (36kha) rAju ondu pustaka taralu mangaLUrige hOgidda. (36ga) rAju mangaLUrige hOguttA ondu pustaka mugisida. mElina mUru vAkyagaLallU eraDeraDu vAkyagaLannu jODisalAgiddu, adakkAgi modalaneya vAkyada kriyApadavannu hOgi, hOgalu mattu hOguttA emba jODisuva rUpakke badalAyisalAgide. kannaDadalli I jODisuva vidhAnada mUlaka eraDu vAkyagaLannu mAtravallade eraDu kriyApadagaLannU oTTige jODisi hELalu sAdhyavide, mattu idara mUlaka ‘kUDupada’gaLemba kelavu viSiShTavAda kriyArUpagaLannu tayArisalu sAdhyavide. udAharaNegAgi keLagina vAkyagaLannu gamanisabahudu. (37ka) kappunAyi A huDuganannu kaccibiTTitu. (37kha) prakASa cennayge hOgiddAne. (37ga) avaru magaLa manege hOguttiddAre. (37gha) ivattu maLe baralAradu. (37ka)dalli kaccu kriyApadada jODisuva rUpadondige biDu kriyApadavannu sErisi hELalAgide. Adare illi eraDu vAkyagaLa jODaNeyAgideyendu hELuvudu mAtra svalpa kaShTa. yAkendare, (37ka) vAkyavannu keLagina eraDu vAkyagaLa jODaNeyinda sAdhisalu sAdhyavAgadu. (38ka) kappu nAyi A huDuganannu kaccitu. (38kha) kappu nAyi A huDuganannu biTTitu. idE rItiyalli mEle koTTiruva itara (37kha-gha) vAkyagaLallU eraDu vAkyagaLa jODaNeyAgideyendu hELuvudu kaShTa. I vAkyagaLella cAritrikavAgi jODisiruva vAkyagaLE. Adare rUDhiyalli I jODaNegaLige kelavu heccina arthagaLu bandiddu, adarindAgi I vAkyagaLa eraDaneya kriyApadagaLu avugaLa mUlArtha vannu bahaLa maTTige kaLedukonDive. modalaneya kriyApada sUcisuva ghaTaneya kuritAgi heccinadannEnAdarU hELuva artha mAtravE avakkiddu, adakkinta bhinnavAda bErondu ghaTaneyannu sUcisuva artha avakkilla. hAgAgi, intaha vAkyagaLalli eraDu vAkyagaLu jODikonDive yendu hELuva badalu, eraDu kriyApadagaLannu oTTige sErisi tayArisalAgiruva kelavu viSiShTavAda kriyApadagaLu bandiveyendu tOruttade. udAharaNegAgi, mEle hELuvudE oLLeyadendu koTTiruva (36ka-gha) vAkyagaLalli kaccibiDu, hOgiru, hOguttiru mattu baralAr- emba viSiShTavAda kriyApadagaLu bandiveyendu hELabahudu. kelavu viShayagaLalli I viSiShTavAda kriyApadagaLu nAmapadagaLa baLakeyalli kANisuva ‘jODupada’gaLannu hOluttaveyembudannu gamanisabahudu. udAharaNegAgi, jODupadagaLa hAge ivugaLa artha vannu avugaLa angagaLAgi bandiruva padagaLa arthadinda nEravAgi paDeyalu sAdhyavAgadu. Adare mEle 4.2.1ralli sUcisida hAge nAmapadagaLa baLakeyalli jODupadagaLannu racisikoLLuva vidhAna jArige baralu avannu hesarisuvudu mattu varNisuvudu embudAgi eraDu bEre bEre kelasa gaLalli toDagisabEkAguttadeyembudE mukhya kAraNa. Adare, kriyApada gaLa baLakeyalli I eraDu rItiya kelasagaLu baruvudilla. avugaLa baLakeyalli kANisuva mEle vivarisidantaha viSiShTa rUpagaLige bEreyE kAraNagaLiddu, avugaLindAgi I rUpagaLu halavu viShayagaLalli
jODupadagaLiginta bhinnavAgive. udAharaNegAgi, I viSiShTavAda kriyArUpagaLalli baruva modalaneya kriyApadada arthadalli yAva badalAvaNeyU Agiruvu dilla. adu itara baLakegaLalli kANisuva hAge ondu ghaTaneyannu sUcisuttiruttade. eraDaneya kriyApada mAtra tanna svAtantryavannu kaLedukonDu modalaneya kriyApada sUcisuva ghaTaneya kuritAgi heccinadEnannAdarU tiLisuva kAryadalli niratavAgiruttade. jODupadada baLake idakkinta tIra bhinnavAdudu. adara angavAgi baruva eraDu nAmapadagaLU tamma mUlArthavannu kaLedukoLLa balluvu (4.3.1 nODi). idallade jODupadagaLannu tayArisi baLasuva kelasa bhASheyannu baLasuva janara hatOTiyalliruttade. idakke badalu, mEle vivarisidantaha kriyArUpagaLannu yArU prajYA pUvrakavAgi tayArisi baLasuva hAge kANisuvudilla. jODupadagaLigU mattu I viSiShTavAda kriyArUpagaLigU naDuve intaha halavu vyatyAsagaLiruva kAraNa, I kriyArUpagaLige bEreyE ondu hesarannu koDuva avaSyakateyide. idakkAgi ivannu jODupada gaLendu kareyuva badalu ‘kUDupada’ endu kareyabahudu (jAsti vivaragaLige bhaT 2002:179 nODi).
5.6.1 samayada sUcane
ondu ghaTaneya samayavannu mUru bEre bEre dxShTikOnagaLa mUlaka sUcisalu sAdhyavide embudannu nAvu munde hannondanemya adhyAyadalli nODaliruvevu (11.5). I mUru dxShTikOnagaLannu samaya sambandha, Antarika kAlavyavasthe mattu yathArthate embudAgi hesarisabahudu. heccina bhAShegaLU ivugaLalli yAvudAdarU ondakke jAsti prAmukhyateyannu koDuttave.
kannaDada maTTige hELuvudAdare, ghaTaneya samayakkU mattu adannu varadimADuttiruva ADugana samayakkU naDuviruva sambandhakke adara kriyArUpagaLalli heccina prAmukhyateyide. I kAraNakkAgi, kannaDada kriyArUpagaLalli samaya pratyayagaLannu prAmukhyavAgi I samaya sambandhavannu sUcisuvudakkAgiyE baLasalAguttade. ghaTanegaLa Antarika kAlavyavasthe mattu yathArthategaLannu kannaDada kriyArUpagaLa mUlaka nEravAgi sUcisalu sAdhyavAgadu. Adare mEle vivarisidantaha kUDupadagaLemba viSiShTavAda racanegaLa mUlaka kannaDadalli ghaTaneya samayavannu I eraDu dxShTikOnagaLa mUlaka varadi mADalu sAdhyavide. udAharaNegAgi, kriyApadagaLa jODisuva rUpagaLondige biDu, ADu, bahudu, iru modalAda kriyApadagaLa pUrNarUpagaLannu sErisi racisida kUDupadagaLa mUlaka ghaTaneya Antarika kAlavyavasthe mattu yathArthategaLannu sUcisalu sAdhyavide.
(39ka) huDuga mancadinda keLage bidda. (39kha) huDuga mancadinda keLage biddubiTTa. (39ga) huDuga mancadinda keLage bILabahudu.
(39kha)dalli bILu kriyApadada sAmAnya rUpakke badalAgi adannu biDu kriyApadadondige sErisi tayArisida biddubiDu emba kUDu padavannu baLasalAgide. bILu kriyApadada I eraDu baLakegaLa naDuve ghaTaneya Antarika kAlavyavastheya maTTige vyatyAsavideyendu hELa bahudu. biddubiTTa emba kUDupadakke bILuva ghaTane naDedu mugiyitu embudAgi pUrNArthavannu koDuva heccina arthavide. idE rItiyalli (39ga)dalli bandiruva bILabahudu emba kUDupadakke bILuttAne emba sAmAnya rUpakkinta bhinnavAda arthavide. idu ghaTaneya yathArthatege sambandhisidudu. bILuttAne embudara baLakeyalli ghaTane naDeyuva viShayadalli niScitateyide, Adare bILabahudu embudara baLakeyalli antaha niScitateyilla.
sAmAnyavAgi intaha samayada jODisuva rUpavannu baLasideyAdalli avu ghaTaneya Antarika kAla vyavastheyannU mattu mundina samayada jODisuva rUpavannu baLasideyAdalli avu ghaTaneya yathArthateyannU sUcisuttave. kUDupadagaLalli hindina
5.6.2 iru kriyApadada baLake
intaha kUDupadagaLalli iru kriyApadavannu modalu, anantara mattu ondE samayadalli embudAgi mUru rItiya jODisuva rUpa gaLondigU baLasalu sAdhyavide.
(40ka) rAju cennayge hOgiddAne. (40kha) rAju cennayge hOgaliddAne. (40ga) rAju cennayge hOguttiddAne. (40ka) vAkyadalli modalina ghaTaneyannu sUcisuva hOgi emba kriyArUpadondige iru kriyApadada Igina rUpa (iddAne) bandide. idakke hOguva ghaTane pUrNagonDideyAdarU adara prabhAva pUtri aLidilla emba ghaTaneya kAlavyavasthege sambandhisida arthavide.
I vAkyadallE iru kriyApadada hindina rUpavannu baLasidalli A ghaTane pUtriyAgiruvudu mAtravallade adara prabhAvavU aLidide emba artha baruttade. (40gha) rAju cennayge hOgidda. rAju cennayyinda maraLi bandilla emba artha (40ka) vAkyakkide, Adare (40gha) vAkyakkilla embudannu gamanisabahudu.
idE rItiyalli iru kriyApadada mundina rUpavannu baLasi mElina kUDupadavannu tayArisidalli adakke mundina ondu samayadalli ghaTaneya prabhAva uLidiruttade emba artha baruttade. (40Ga) nIvu baruvaShTaralli rAju cennayge hOgiruttAne. hOgaliddAne emba kUDupadakke munde naDeyaliruva ondu ghaTaneyannu sUcisuva arthavideyAdare, hOgalidda embudakke munde naDeyabEkidda (Adare nijakkU naDeyadiruva) ghaTaneyannu sUcisuva (yathArthatege sambandhisida) arthavide. hOguttiddAne embudakke mAtanADuva samayadalli naDeyuttA iruva kShaNikavallada ghaTaneyondannu sUcisuva arthavide. ghaTane kShaNikavalla emba artha adara Antarika kAlavyavasthege sambandhisidudu. I vAkyadallU iru kriyApadada hindina rUpavannu baLasi racisida hOguttidda emba rUpavannu baLasidalli, kShaNikavallada hOguva ghaTane mAtina samayakkinta hinde naDedudemba Artha baruttade, mattu adE kriyApadada mundina rUpavannu baLasi racisida hOguttiru ttEne embudannu baLasidalli antaha ghaTane mAtina samayada anantara naDeyuvudemba artha baruttade. intaha mUru rItiya kUDupadagaLallU iru kriyApada hindina, mundina mattu Igina samayagaLannu sUcisuttiralu sAdhyavideyAda kAraNa, samayada maTTige oTTu ombattu kriyArUpagaLu intaha kUDupadada mUlaka siddhavAguttave. jODisuva rUpa hindina samaya
modalinadu mADidda
anantaraddu mADalidda ondE samayaddu mADuttidda mundina samaya Igina samaya mADiruttAne mADiddAne mADaliruttAne mADaliddAne mADuttiruttAne mADuttiddAne
5.6.3 koLLu padada baLake
modalina samayada jODisuva rUpadondige koLLu padada bEre bEre kriyArUpagaLannu sErisi kUDupadagaLannu tayArisalu sAdhyavide. I koLLu padakke svatantravAda baLakeyilla. cAritrikavAgi idakke paDe illavE tegedukoLLu emba arthavide. idara mUlaka tayArAguva kUDupadakke ondu ghaTane tAnAgi naDedide illavE obba vyakti adannu tanna hitakkAgi naDesiddAne emba arthavide. (41ka) rAju mUru puTa bareda. (41kha) rAju mUru puTa baredukonDa. (41ka)da prakAra rAju mUru puTa barediruvudu tanna hitakkAgiyU irabahudu illavE bErobbana hitakkAgiyU irabahudu; Adare (41kha)da prakAra Ata tanna hitakkAgi mAtravE mUru puTa barediddAne. Ata bEreyavara hitakkAgi barediddAne emba viShayavannu spaShTapaDisa bEkiddalli intaha vAkyagaLalli koDu kriyApadavannu baLasiruva kUDu padavannu keLage (41ga)dalli kANisidante baLasabEkAguttade. (41ga) rAju mUru puTa baredukoTTiddAne. ondu ghaTane tAnAgi naDedide embudannu sUcisuvudakkAgi I kUDupadavannu baLasuvudu sAdhya embudakke keLage koTTiruva (42ka- kha) vAkyagaLu udAharaNegaLAgaballuvu. (42ka) bAgilu tereyitu. (42kha) bAgilu teredukonDide. (42ka)da prakAra bAgilu tereyalu adannu yArAdarU terediruvudu kAraNavAgirabahudu, Adare (42kha)da prakAra adu tAnAgi (illavE gALige) teredukonDide (jAsti vivaragaLige bhaT 1978, SrIdhar 1990 nODi).
5.7 sArAmSa
tiLisuva vAkyagaLa koneyalli mukhyakriyApadavAgi baruva kriyApada dondige adu sUcisuva ghaTaneya samayavannu mattu adaralli toDagiruva ghaTakagaLallondannu sUcisuvudakkAgi eraDu pratyayagaLu baruttave. I pratyayagaLige bEre bEre rItiya kriyApadagaLeduru bEre bEre rItiya rUpagaLiddu avu entahavu embudannU mattu I pratyayagaLondige bandAga kriyApadagaLalli entaha badalAvaNegaLella naDeyuttave embudannU mEle vivarisalAgide. idallade, vAkyagaLeraDannu jODisi hELidAga illavE ondu vAkya vannu innondu vAkyada oLavAkyavannAgi mADi hELidAga avugaLalli baruva kriyApadagaLa rUpadalli entaha badalAvaNegaLella kANisi koLLuttave embudannU mEle vivarisalAgide. ondu vAkyavannu I rIti ondu ghaTane illavE sangatiyannu tiLisuva kelasadalli baLasuva badalu adara mUlaka yAvudAdarondu kelasavannu mADisikoLLuvudakkAgiyU baLasalu sAdhyavide. antaha sandabhragaLalli adaralli baruva kriyApadadalli bEreyE kelavu badalA vaNegaLannu naDesabEkAguttade. I badalAvaNegaLu entahavu embudannu munde hattaneya adhyAyadalli vivarisalAguvudu.