Chapters: Ch 1 · Ch 2 · Ch 3 · Ch 4 · Ch 5 · Ch 6 · Ch 7 · Ch 8 · Ch 9 · Ch 10 · Ch 11
adhyAya hattu — mAtina kelasagaLu
10.1 pIThike
mAtina mUlaka nAvu halavAru kelasagaLannu naDesaballevu. yAvudAda rondu sangatiyannu innobbarige tiLisuvudu ivugaLalli atyanta prAmukhyavAda kelasa. idallade, tiLiyadiruva sangatiyannu bEreyava rinda tiLidukoLLuvudakkAgi kELviyondannu baLasuvudu, mADalu sAdhyavillada kelasavannu innobbarinda mADisikoLLuvudakkAgi avarannu bEDikoLLuvudu illavE avarige appaNemADuvudu, mADabArada kelasavannu mADadante taDeyuvudu, modalAda bEreyU halavAru rItiya kelasagaLannu nAvu mAtina mUlaka naDesaballevu.
I bEre bEre rItiya mAtina kelasagaLannu naDesuvudakkAgi kannaDa dalli bEre bEre rItiya vAkyaracaneya vidhAnagaLu baLakeyallive. intaha kelasagaLannu naDesuvudakkAgiyE baLasabahudAdantaha kelavu pada gaLu kannaDadalliddu, avannu baLasi racisida horavAkyagaLoLage vAkya vondannirisi hELuvudu intaha vidhAnagaLallondu.
(1ka) dEvaru nimage oLLeyadu mADalendu harasuttEne. (1kha) sAlavannu tIrisuttEnendu nALeyE mADuttEne. kaDimege nUrAdarU koDabEkendu nanna prArthane.
(1gha) I kAryakramadalli sahakarisidavarellarigU nanna kxtajYate gaLu. (1Ga) adhyakSharu bandiddArEnri? (1ka) vAkyadalli ‘harasuva’ kelasavannu naDesuvudakkAgi harasu kriyApada horavAkyadalli bandiddu, ‘Enendu harasiddu’ embudannu adara oLa vAkyavAgi bandiruva dEvaru nimage oLLeyadu mADali embudu tiLisuttade. idE rItiyalli (1kha)dalli ANe mADi hELuttEne emba horavAkyavU, (1ga)dalli nannaprArthane emba horavAkyavU, (1gha) dalli nanna kxtajYategaLu emba horavAkyavU mattu (1Ga)dalli Enri? emba horavAkyavU avu naDesaballa kelasagaLannu sUcisuttave. vAkyagaLallEnE kelavu badalAvaNegaLannu mADi antaha badalA giruva vAkyagaLa mUlaka mAtina kelasagaLannu naDesuvudu innondu vidhAna. (2ka) magu kucriyalli kuLitide. (2kha) magu kucriyalli kuLitideyE? (2ga) magu elli kuLitide? (2gha) magu kucriyalli kuLitirali. (2Ga) magU, kucriyalli kuLituko. (2ka)dalli tiLisuva kelasavannu naDesuva vAkyavondu bandiddu, (2kha- Ga)gaLalli A vAkyadallEnE badalAvaNegaLannu mADuvudara mUlaka adu nijavE endu kELuvudu, adakke oppige koDuvudu, modalAda bEre kelavu kelasagaLalli toDagisalu sAdhyavAguvante mADalAgide. idallade, vAkyavondannu yAva rItiyalli nuDiyalAgide embu dara mElU adu entaha kAryavannu naDesaballudu emba viShaya avalambisiruttade. udAharaNegAgi, ondu vAkyavannu ettarada dhvani yalli hELuvudakkU mattu taggina dhvaniyalli hELuvudakkU naDuve avugaLa mUlaka naDesikoLLabahudAda kelasagaLalli vyatyAsavide. ettarada dhvaniyalli hELi kELuganannu hedarisabahudu mattu taggina dhvaniyalli hELi Atanannu santaysabahudu.
ondu vAkyavannu yAru baLasiddAre, mattu yArannu uddESisi adannu baLasalAgide embudara mElU vAkyavondu entaha kelasavannu naDesaballudu embudu avalambisiruttade. udAharaNegAgi, mAvina marada hattira hOgabEDa emba vAkyavannu obba huDuga innobba huDugana hattira hELiruvanAdare, adu kAvalugAra nODuttiddAne, hoDeyabahudu embudAgi ‘eccarisuva’ kelasa mADabahudu. Adare adE vAkyavannu obba huDugana hattira obba kAvalugAra hELiruva nAdare, adu marada hattira A huDuga hOgadante ‘taDehiDiyuva’ kelasavannu mADabahudu. vAkyavondannu baLasiruva sandabhrakkanusAravAgiyU adu naDesa balla kelasagaLu bEre bErAgiralu sAdhyavide. udAharaNegAgi, kiTike teredideyO emba vAkyavannu caLigALi bIsuttiruva sandabhradalli obba vyakti hELiruvanAdare, ‘terediddare adannu muccabEku’ emba artha baruttade, Adare adE vAkyavannu jAsti sekheyiruva sandabhradalli hELiruvanAdare, ‘teredillavAdalli tereyabEku’ emba artha baruttade. I rIti vAkyavondara mUlaka entaha kelasagaLannu naDesalu sAdhya embudu bEre bEre viShayagaLannu avalambisiddu, avugaLalli kelasa gaLannu naDesikoDuva horavAkyagaLa baLake mattu vAkyadallEnE naDesuva badalAvaNegaLa baLake emba modalaneya eraDu viShayagaLannu mAtra I adhyAyadalli vivarisalAgide. yAkendare, I eraDu viShayagaLalli mAtra vAkyada oLaracaneyalli vyatyAsagaLu tOribaruttave.
mAtina kelasagaLalli heccinavU prAmukhyavAgi mAtinalli baLake yAguva vAkyagaLalli kANisikoLLuttave. barahadalli baruva vAkyagaLalli intaha kelasagaLalli kelavu mAtra kANisikoLLuttave. I pustakadalli prAmukhyavAgi barahada kannaDadalli baruva vAkyagaLa oLaracaneyannu vivarisalAgideyAda kAraNa, mAtina kelasagaLalli kelavannu mAtravE illi vivarisuva avaSyakate kanDubandide.
10.2 naDesikoDuva padagaLu
kannaDadalli sUcisu, kShamisu, ASIvradisu, hAraysu, svAgatisu, mAtukoDu modalAda kelavu kriyApadagaLannAgali illavE suLLu, appaNe, kxtajYate, svAgata, modalAda kelavu nAmapadagaLannAgali baLasi, avugaLa mUlaka kelavu mAtina kelasagaLannu naDesalu sAdhyavide. (3ka) adhyakSha sUcisuttEne. sthAnakke nAnu viSvESvarana hesarannu (3kha) haNavannu hadinaydu divasagaLoLage hindirugisuttEnendu mAtukoDuttEne. (4ka) nimagellarigU svAgata. (4kha) nIvu ninne illige bandiruvudu suLLu. (3ka)dalli ‘sUcisuva’ kelasavannu sUcisu kriyApadavannu baLasuvudara mUlakavU mattu (3kha)dalli mAtukoDuva kelasavannu mAtukoDu kriyApadavannu baLasuvudara mUlakavU naDesalu sAdhyavAgide. idakke badalu (4ka-kha) gaLalli svAgata mattu suLLu emba eraDu nAmapada gaLannu baLasi svAgatisuva mattu allagaLeyuva kelasagaLannu naDesalu sAdhyavAgide. sAmAnyavAgi kriyApadagaLa mUlaka mAtina kelasagaLannu naDesa bEkiddalli avannu ADuganE naDesuva hAge mattu avu mundina samayadalli naDeyuva hAge hELuvudu avaSya. itararu naDesuva hAge illavE hindina samayadalli naDediruva hAge hELidalli avu mAtina kelasagaLannu naDesuva badalu antaha kelasagaLu naDedive athavA naDeya live embudAgi tiLisuvudannu mAtra mADuttave. (5ka) adhyakSha sthAnakke nAnu viSvESvarana hesarannu sUciside. (5kha) haNavannu hadinaydu divasagaLoLage hindirugisuttEnendu rAju mAtu koDuttAne. (5ka) vAkyadalli sUcisu kriyApada hindina kAladalli naDeda ondu kriyeyannu tiLisuttadallade sUcisuva kelasavannu naDesuvudilla. idE rItiyalli (5kha) vAkyadalli mAtu koDuttEne embudu rAju mundina kAladalli naDesabahudAda kelasaventahadu embudannu tiLisutta dallade mAtu koDuva kelasavannu naDesuvudilla.
10.2.1 kelavu apavAdagaLu
mElina niyamakke kelavu apavAdagaLive. udAharaNegAgi, mAtina kelasavondannu nEravAgi sUcisuva badalu adannu naDesuva bayake yannu sUcisidAgalU adu naDedu hOguva sAdhyateyide. (6ka) nimmellarigU nAnu kxtajYategaLannu aprisabayasuttEne. (6kha) I sammELanavannu udghATisalu nanage bahaLa santOSha vAguttade. mAtina kelasavondannu naDesuva ‘bayake’yannu mAtravE sUcisuva (6ka) vAkya mattu antaha kelasavannu naDesuvalli dorakuva ‘santOSha’ vannu mAtravE sUcisuva (6kha) vAkya iveraDU avu naDesabEkA giruva ‘kxtajYategaLannu aprisuvudu’ mattu ‘udghATisuvudu’ emba eraDu mAtina kelasagaLannu naDesikoDalu SaktavAgive embudannu gamanisabahudu. kelavu rItiya kriyApadagaLannu baLasadiddarU avu naDesaballa mAtina kelasa sandabhrada baladinda naDedu hOgalu sAdhyavide. nAlku ganTege baruttEnendu mAtukoDuttEne. (7kha) nAlku ganTege baruttEne. (8ka) dIrghasumangaliyAgendu ASIvradisuttEne. (8kha) dIrghasumangaliyAgu. mAtukoDuttEne kriyArUpavannu baLasillavAdarU adakke ‘mAtukoDuva’ kelasavannu naDesuva Saktiyide. (8kha) vAkyadalli ASIvradisuttEne emba idE rItiyalli kriyArUpavannu baLasilla vAdarU adakke ‘ASIvradisuva’ kelasavannu naDesuva Saktiyide. Adare (7-8ka) vAkyagaLalli kANisida hAge mAtina kelasavannu sUcisuva kriyApadavannu baLasidAga adu sAdhisabEkAgiruva kelasada mEle heccina ottu bILuttade. Adare, udghATisu, ANeyiDu, kShamisu, svAgatisu modalAda bEre kelavu kriyApadagaLannu (illavE avakke samAnavAda nAmapada gaLannu) vAkyadalli baLasidarEnE avu naDesaballa mAtina kelasagaLu naDeyaballuvu emba niyamaviruvante tOruttade.
idallade, kelavu sandabhragaLalli mAtina kelasagaLannu naDesaballa I kriyApadagaLu sariyAda kriyArUpadallE bandiveyAdarU, avu sUcisuva mAtina kelasagaLannu naDesuvudakkAgi baLakeyAgiruva badalu itara kriyApadagaLa hAge antaha ghaTaneyondu naDeyalideyembudannu tiLisuvudakkAgi mAtravE baLakeyAgiralu sAdhyavide. nAlku ganTege baruttEnendu mAtu koDuttEne. I vAkyavannu obba vyakti mAtu koDuva kelasavannu naDesuvudakkAgi baLasirabahudu, illavE antaha kelasavannu mADaliruvenendu tiLisuvu dakkAgi mAtravE baLasiralU bahudu. eraDaneya baLakeyalli adu ‘tiLisuva’ kelasavannu naDesuttideyallade ‘mAtukoDuva’ kelasavannu naDesuvudilla.
10.3 kELuva vAkyagaLu
tiLiyadiruva sangatiyondannu innobbarinda kELi tiLidukoLLuvudakkAgi baLasuva vAkyagaLE ‘kELuva’ vAkyagaLu. kannaDadalli I mAtina kelasakkAgi eraDu rItiya vAkyagaLu baLakeyAguttave. ivannu ‘vAkyakELvigaLu’ mattu ‘vAkyAnga kELvigaLu’ embudAgi hesarisabahudu.
vAkyakELvigaLu ondu iDI vAkyavu tiLisuva sangati nijavE endu kELuttave. Adare vAkyAnga kELvigaLu vAkyavu tiLisuva sangatiya ondu amSa entahadu endaShTE kELuttave. A sangatiya uLida amSagaLella tanage gottiveyendE intaha vAkyAnga kELvigaLannu baLasiruva vyaktiya tIrmAnavAgiruttade. (10ka) rAju mangaLUrige hOgiddAnO? (10kha) rAju ellige hOgiddAne? (10ka) ondu vAkyakELvi, mattu (10kha) ondu vAkyAnga kELvi. (10ka) dalli ondu iDI vAkyavu tiLisuva sangati (endare rAju mangaLUrige hOgiddAne embudu) nijavE endu kELalAgide.
idakke badalu (10kha)dalli antaha vAkyavu tiLisuva sangatiya ondu amSa mAtra (endare rAju hOgiruva jAga mAtra) entaha dendu kELalAgide. rAju elligO hOgiddAne emba A vAkyavu tiLisuva sangatiya uLida amSa tanage tiLidide mattu nija embudu I kELviyannu baLasuva vyaktiya nambikeyAgide.
vAkyakELviyalli kELviya vyApti iDI vAkyada mEle bILuvudAda kAraNa, adondu kELvi embudanniShTE tiLisidare sAku. idakkAgi vAkyada koneyalli O, A illavE E pratyayavannu baLasalAguttade. idallade vAkyada Sruti koneyalli keLage iLiyade hAgeyE uLiyuvanteyU mADalAguttade. I eraDu viShayagaLallU tiLisuva vAkyagaLu vAkya kELvigaLinda bhinnavAgiveyembudannu keLagina udAharaNegaLalli kANa bahudu. (11ka) raghu ivattu jAnakiya manege hOgidda. (11kha) raghu ivattu jAnakiya manege hOgiddanO? (12ka) sakrassina Aneya kAlu muridide. (12kha) sakrassina Aneya kAlu muridideyE? (11ka) vAkya ondu sangatiyannu tiLisuttade, mattu adara Sruti A vAkyada koneyalli keLage iLiyuttade. idakke viruddhavAgi (11kha) vAkya ondu vAkyakELvi, mattu adara Sruti A vAkyada koneyalli keLage iLiyade hAgeyE uLiyuttade (athavA svalpa mElakke Eruttade). idallade, (11kha) vAkyada koneyalli O pratyayavU bandide. (12ka- kha)gaLa naDuveyU intahadE Srutiya vyatyAsaviddu, (12kha)da kone yalli E pratyaya bandide. vAkyada koneyalli I rIti adara Sruti keLage iLiyade hAgeyE uLidide embudannu sUcisuvudakkAgi barahadalli ‘?’ emba cihneyannu baLasuva avaSyakateyide. idakke badalu, vAkyada koneyalli ‘.’ emba cihneyannu baLasidalli vAkyada Sruti koneyalli keLagiLidide embudu sUcitavAguttade.
vAkyAnga kELviyalli I rIti adondu kELviyembudannu mAtra valla, adannu baLasida kELuganige vAkyada yAva angada kuritAgi mAhiti bEkAgide embudannU sUcisuva avaSyakateyide. idakkAgi yAru, Enu, yAke, elli modalAda ‘aniScita’ savrapadagaLa llondannu (10.4.1 nODi) intaha vAkyagaLalli baLasuva krama baLakeyallide. (13ka) rAju harige ondu pustaka koTTa. (13kha) rAju harige Enu koTTa? (13ga) rAju ondu pustaka yArige koTTa? (13gha) harige ondu pustaka yAru koTTaru? (13ka) vAkya ondu ghaTane naDediruvudannu tiLisuttideyAda kAraNa, adondu ‘tiLisuva vAkya’. (13kha-gha)gaLu A ghaTaneya bEre bEre amSagaLa kuritAgi mAhitiyannu paDeyalu baLasabahudAda vAkyAnga kELvigaLu. (13ka)dalli vAkyada Sruti adara koneyalli keLage iLiyuttade mattu itara mUru vAkyagaLalli adu I rIti keLage iLiyade hAgeyE uLiyuttade.
idallade, (13ka) vAkyada mUru bEre bEre ghaTakagaLige badalAgi (13kha-gha) vAkyagaLalli anukramavAgi Enu, yArige mattu yAru emba aniScita savrapadagaLu bandive. ivu A ghaTaneya yAva ghaTakada kuritAgi kELuvavanige heccina mAhiti bEkAgide embudannu sUcisu ttave.
10.3.1 vAkyakELvigaLa svarUpa
vAkyakELvigaLa koneyalli O, A illavE E pratyayagaLalli yAvu dAdarU ondu baLakeyAguttade. I mUru pratyayagaLu kannaDada bEre bEre UrugaLalli kANisikoLLuva mAtina bhEdagaLAgiddu barahadallU I mUru pratyayagaLannu kANabahudu.
udAharaNegAgi mangaLUru kannaDada vAkya kELvigaLa koneyalli O pratyaya kANisikoLLuvudE jAsti. idakke badalu, maysUru kannaDada vAkyakELvigaLalli A pratyayavE heccAgi kANisikoLLuttade.
vAkyakELvigaLa koneyalli I rIti O, A illavE E pratyayagaLa llondu (athavA Enu embudu) baruvudu mAtravallade, vAkya mugidAga avugaLa koneyalliruva Sruti keLagiLiyade hAgeyE uLiyu ttade, illavE svalpa mElakke Eruttade. nijakkU kannaDada vAkya kELvigaLalli ‘avu kELvigaLu’ embudannu sUcisuvudu avugaLa koneyalli baruva I Srutiya svarUpa mAtra. adarondige baruva E, O mattu AgaLige nEravAgi kELuvikeya arthavilla.
yAkendare, tiLisuva vAkyada koneyalli baruva Srutiyannu mAtravE badalAyisidAgalU adu kELviyAgaballudu.
(14ka) ganTe mUrAdarU UTa baralilla. (14kha) ganTe mUrAdarU UTa baralilla? (15ka) idu SrInivAsana mane. (15kha) idu SrInivAsana mane? mEle koTTiruva vAkyagaLalli (ka) vAkyagaLu tiLisuva vAkyagaLu mattu (kha) vAkyagaLu avu tiLisuva ghaTane illavE sangati nijavE embudannu kELuva vAkyagaLu. ivugaLa naDuve mAtinalli avugaLa koneyalli baruva Srutiyalli mAtra (mattu barahadalli avugaLa koneyalli baruva cihneyalli mAtra) vyatyAsa ide embudannu gamanisabahudu. vAkyakELvigaLa koneyalli I rIti O, A illavE E pratyayagaLannu baLasuva badalu Enu emba aniScayArthavannu sUcisuva savrapada vannu baLasalU sAdhyavide. (16ka) SAmarAyaru maneyalliddArO? (16kha) SAmarAyaru maneyalliddArEnu? (17ka) nimmUralli akkiya bele kaDimeyE? (17kha) nimmUralli akkiya bele kaDimeyEnu? I rIti Enu padavannu baLasi tayArisida vAkyakELvigaLa koneyalli kELuganannu karedu hELuva rI, E, O modalAda pratyaya illavE padagaLannu baLasalu sAdhyavide. ivugaLalli E embudannu obba huDugi (illavE keLagina starada hengasu) kELugaLAgiddAgalU mattu O embudannu obba huDuga (illavE keLagina starada ganDasu) kELuga nAgiddAgalU baLasalAguttade. idallade kELuganige maryAde koTTu kareyabEkAgiruva sandabhradalli ri pratyayada baLakeyAguttade.
(18ka) A kateyannu nALe baredu koDuttIrEnri? (18kha) sakkare I tingaLige sAkAdItEnE? (18ga) hAlinavaLige Aru rUpAyi koTTeyEnO? (18gha) ondu lOTe nIru koDuttIyEnappa? O, E mattu A pratyayagaLu kannaDada kELvigaLalli mAtravallade bEre rItiya vAkyagaLallU baraballuvu. udAharaNegAgi, O pratyayakke bEre sandabhragaLalli ‘athavA’ emba arthavide. vAkya kELvigaLalli I ‘athavA’ emba arthada badalu idakke kELuvavanalliruva sandEhavannu sUcisuva arthavideyendu hELabahudu. A pratyayakkU ‘athavA’ emba arthavide. (19ka) rAmuvO hOgabahudu. (19kha) nIvu tanda tinDiyannella makkaLu svataH tindO nAyige hariyO bandare manege namage koTTO mugisirabEku. idakke badalu E pratyayakke bEre sandabhragaLalli kELugana gamana vannu seLeyuva illavE ondu ghaTakavannu ottihELuva kelasavide. vAkya kELvigaLallU idu intaha kelasavannu naDesuvudakkAgiyE baLakeyAgu ttadeyendu hELalu sAdhyavide.
(20ka) maganE! nInu intaha kelasavannu yAke mADide? (20kha) I pustakavannu avarE baredirabEku. idallade, kELviyondannu oLavAkyavAgi paDediruva kelavu vAkyagaLu nijakkU kELvigaLE athavA tiLisuva vAkyagaLE embudannu avugaLa koneyalli baruva Srutiya svarUpadinda mAtravE tiLiyalu sAdhya. (21ka) rAju UTige yAvAga hOguvudendu hELiddAne. (21kha) rAju UTige yAvAga hOguvudendu hELiddAne? (22ka) eShTu bEkAdItendu avaru tiLisiddAre. (22kha) eShTu bEkAdItendu avaru tiLisiddAre? (21ka-22ka) vAkyagaLu tiLisuva vAkyagaLu mattu (21kha-22kha)
vAkyagaLu kELvigaLu. Adare, I (ka) mattu (kha) vAkyagaLa naDuve avugaLa koneyalli baruva Srutiyalli (illavE cihneyalli) mAtra vyatyAsa kANisuttade. hAgAgi ivugaLalli (kha) vAkyagaLu kELvigaLu embudannu sUcisuvudu avugaLa koneyalli keLage iLiyade uLiyuva Sruti mAtra endu hELabEkAguttade.
10.3.2 vAkyakELvigaLige uttara
sAmAnyavAgi vAkyakELviyondannu baLasiruva ADuganige adu sUcisuva ghaTane illavE sangati nijavO athavA suLLO embudannu tiLidukoLLa bEkendiruttade. hAgAgi antaha kELvigaLige havdu athavA illa emba uttara koTTare sAkAguttade.
kelavu sandabhragaLalli gottilla emba uttaravannU koDalu sAdhya videyAdarU sAmAnyavAgi ondu kELviyannu baLasuvavanu antaha uttaravannu nirIkShisuvudilla. yAkendare, tAnu baLasuva kELvige kELuga ninda uttara sigabahudemba abhiprAyaviruvAga mAtra tAnE Ata ondu kELviyannu baLasuttAne? intaha kELvigaLu sUcisuva ghaTane illavE sangatiyannu allagaLe yuvudakkAgi kannaDadalli alla mattu illa emba eraDu padagaLa baLake yAguttade. ivugaLalli alla embudu eraDu ghaTakagaLa naDuviruva sambandhavannu allagaLeyuvudakkAgi baLakeyAguttade mattu illa embudu ghaTane, sangati modalAdavugaLa iruvikeyannu allagaLeyuvu dakkAgi baLakeyAguttade (9.1 mattu 9.3.1 nODi). (23ka) mangaLUrige hOgiruvudu jAnakiyO? alla. (23kha) jAnaki mangaLUrige hOgiddALO? illa. (24ka) A sAhukAraru haNavantarA? alla. (24kha) A sAhukAraru haNavantarAgiddArA? illa. (25ka) bassinalli bandavaru nIvA? alla. (25kha) nIvu bassinalli bandirA? illa.
(23ka)dalli ‘jAnaki’gU mattu ‘mangaLUrige hOgiruvuda’kkU naDuve sambandhaviruvudu nijavO endu kELalAgide (9.2 nODi), mattu I rIti sambandhaviruvudu nijavalla embudAgi A sambandhavannu allagaLe yalu alla padada baLakeyAgide. Adare (23kha)dalli jAnaki mangaLUrige hOgiddALe emba ghaTane naDedideyE embudAgi ondu ghaTaneya iruvikeya kuritu kELvi bandide, mattu adannu allagaLe yuvudakkAgi illa padada baLakeyAgide.
10.3.3 vAkyakELvigaLalli vayvidhya
ellA rItiya tiLisuva vAkyagaLannU vAkyakELvigaLAgi badalAyisalu sAdhyavide. hAgAgi tiLisuva vAkyagaLalli kANisuva vayvidhya vAkyakELvi gaLallU kANisikoLLuttade. udAharaNegAgi, tiLisuva vAkyagaLalli ondu ghaTane naDedudannu illavE naDeyaliruvudannu tiLisuva vAkyagaLu mattu ondu sangatiya iruvikeyannu tiLisuva vAkyagaLu embudAgi eraDu rItiyavugaLiveyembudannu nAvu 1.2ralli nODiruvevu.
idakke anuguNavAgi vAkyakELvigaLallU ondu ghaTane naDedideyE athavA illavE embudannu kELuva vAkyagaLu (26kha) mattu ondu sangatiya iruvike nijavE athavA allavE embudannu kELuva vAkyagaLu (27kha) embudAgi eraDu vibhAgagaLannu kANabahudu. (26ka) avaru bombAyige hOgiddAre. (26kha) avaru bombAyige hOgiddArO? (27ka) idu rAjuvina mane. (27kha) idu rAjuvina maneyO? tiLisuva vAkyagaLu ondu ghaTane naDedide illavE naDeyalide embudannu tiLisuva badalu ondu ghaTane naDeyalilla illavE naDe yuvudilla embudAgi ghaTaneyannu allagaLeyuva kelasavannU mADa balluvu. idE rItiyalli vAkyakELvigaLU I rIti allagaLediruvudu nijavE athavA allavE embudannU kELaballuvu. (28ka) SAmarAyaru AphIsinallilla. (28kha) SAmarAyaru AphIsinallillavE? (29ka) rAju UTamADalilla. (29kha) rAju UTamADalillavO? (30ka) avaru maduvege hOguvudilla. (30kha) avaru maduvege hOguvudillavO? Adare, I rIti ondu ghaTane naDediruvudu illavE ondu sangati iruvudu nijavE embudAgi kELuva vAkyagaLigU mattu antaha ghaTaneyannu illavE sangatiyannu allagaLediruvudu nijavE embudAgi kELuva vAkyagaLigU naDuve ondu mukhya vyatyAsavide.
allagaLediruvudu nijavE embudAgi kELuva vyaktige sAmAnyavAgi adu nijaviralAradu emba abhiprAyaviruvante tOruttade. ghaTane naDediruvudu illavE sangati iruvudu nijavE embudAgi kELuvava nalli intaha yAva abhiprAyavU iruva hAge kANisuvudilla.
(31ka) SrIpati maysUrige hOguttAnO? (31kha) SrIpati maysUrige hOguvudillavO? (31ka) vAkyavannu baLasiruva vyaktiyalli SrIpati maysUrige hOguva viShayadalli yAva abhiprAyavU iruva hAge kANisuvudilla. Adare (31kha) vAkyavannu baLasiruva vyaktiyalli Ata maysUrige hOga liddAne emba abhiprAyaviruva hAge kANisuttade. SrIpati maysUrige hOgabEkemba viShaya niScitavAgittAdarU Ata horaDuva tayAri mADuva hAge kANisuvudillavAda kAraNa kELuganalli samSaya huTTira bEku. adakkE Ata (31kha) vAkyavannu baLasiddAne. tiLisuva vAkyagaLu ondu ghaTane naDediruvudannu illavE naDeya liruvudannu hAgeyE tiLisuva badalu adara bEre bEre amSagaLalli ondannu mAtra otti hELuttiralu sAdhyavide. idakkAgi A amSada mEle ottu koTTu hELabahudu illavE adarondige E pratyayavannu baLasi hELabahudu. (32ka) rAju mangaLUrininda ninne bandidda. (32kha) rAju mangaLUrininda ninneyE bandidda. vAkyakELvigaLalliyU I rIti ondu amSakke ottu koTTu, illavE adarondige E pratyayavannu baLasi, A ondu amSada kuritAgi mAtra mAhiti bEkAgideyendu sUcisalu sAdhyavide. (33ka) rAju mangaLUrininda ninne bandiddanO? (33kha) rAju mangaLUrininda ninneyE bandiddanO? tiLisuva vAkyagaLalli baruva bEre bEre amSagaLalli ondannu mAtra pratyEkisi adu vAkyada uLida amSadondige sambandhiside embudannu tiLisuvudakkAgi kannaDadalli bEreyE ondu rItiya vAkyada baLake yAguttade. idakkAgi vAkyada koneyalli baruva kriyApadavannu adara nAmapadarUpakke badalAyisikoLLabEku mattu sambandhisabEkAgiruva amSavannu uLida amSadinda pratyEkisi vAkyada koneyalli irisabEku (9.2 nODi). rAju illinda hattu ganTege horaTa. (34ka) rAju illinda hattu ganTege horaTaddu. (34kha) rAju illinda horaTaddu hattu ganTege. (34ga) rAju hattu ganTege horaTaddu illinda. (34gha) illinda hattu ganTege horaTaddu rAju. (34)nE vAkya ondu ghaTaneyannu nEravAgi tiLisuvudAdare, uLida (34ka-gha) vAkyagaLu A ghaTaneya bEre bEre amSagaLu vAkyada uLida amSadondige sambandhisive embudannu tiLisuttave. intaha tiLisuva vAkyagaLannU vAkyakELvigaLannAgi badalisalu sAdhyavide. idakkAgi vAkya kELvigaLa koneyalli baruva O, E, A illavE Enu embavugaLannu sambandhisabEkAgiruva amSadondige sErisi hELabEku. (35) rAju illinda hattu ganTege horaTanO? (35ka) rAju illinda hattu ganTege horaTaddO? (35kha) rAju illinda horaTaddu hattu ganTegO? (35ga) rAju hattu ganTege horaTaddu illindalO? intaha vAkyakELvigaLalli sambandhisabEkAda amSavannu O, E modalAda pratyaya illavE padagaLa mUlaka gurutisuva kAraNa adannu vAkyada konege vagrAyisadiralU sAdhyavide. udA: (35gha) rAju illinda hattu ganTegO horaTaddu? (35Ga) rAju illindalO hattu ganTege horaTaddu? (35gha)dalli hattuganTege emba amSakke vAkyada uLida amSadondi giruva sambandhavannu praSnisabEkAgide. I amSa intahadE embudannu adarondige bandiruva O pratyaya sUcisuttideyAda kAraNa adannu vAkyada konege vagrAyisabEkAgilla.
10.3.4 dxDhIkarisuva kELvigaLu
tiLisuva vAkyavondannu ondu vAkyakELviyAgi badalAyisuva badalu A vAkyavannu hAgeyE uLisi, adu tiLisuva sangati nija embudannu kELugana mUlaka dxDhIkarisuvudakkAgi illavE athavA tAnE emba padavannu adakke sErisiyU vAkyakELvigaLannu tayArisalu sAdhyavide. ondu vAkya tiLisuva sangati nijavirabahudu embudAgi ADugana abhiprAyaviruva sandabhragaLalli intaha vAkyakELvigaLa baLakeyAguttade. (36ka) sItege daNivAgideyO? (36kha) sItege daNivAgide, allavE? (37ka) lekka baredAgideyO? (37kha) lekka baredAgide, tAne? (36ka)dalli ondu saraLavAda vAkyakELvi bandide. idakke badalu (36kha) dalli ondu dxDhIkarisuva kELvi bandide. (36ka)dalli sItege daNivA gideyO athavA illavO emba viShayadalli A kELviyannu baLasi davanige yAva abhiprAyavU illa. Adare (36kha)vannu baLasidavanige ‘sItege daNivAgide’ emba abhiprAyaviddu, adannu dxDhIkarisuvudakkAgi Ata A vAkyavannu baLasiddAne. (37ka-kha)dallU hIgeyE. allavE mattu tAnE embavugaLa baLakeya naDuveyU arthadalli vyatyAsavide embudannu gamanisabahudu. tAnE embudannu baLasu vavarige allavE embudannu baLasuvavariginta kELuva viShayadalli heccu dxDhavAda abhiprAyaviruva hAge kANisuttade. vAkyakELvigaLa koneyalli baruva O, E modalAdavugaLa hAge dxDhIkarisuva allavE (38ka-gha nODi) mattu tAnE (39ka-gha nODi) embavugaLannU vAkyada bEre bEre amSagaLige sErisi hELalu sAdhyavide. vAkyada ondu amSakkU mattu uLida amSakkU naDuviruva sambandhavannu dxDhIkarisuvudE intaha kELvigaLa uddESavendu hELa bahudu. (38ka) nAlku ganTegallavE I gADi biDuvudu? (38kha) I pustakavannallavE nIvu tarahELiddu? (38ga) nIvu ninne inglIShinallallavE bhAShaNa koTTaddu? (38gha) nIvallavE ninne inglIShinalli bhAShaNa koTTaddu? (39ka) ibbaru tAnE bandaddu? (39kha) nIvu tAnE allige nALe hOgONavendaddu? (39ga) nIvu allige tAnE nALe hOgONavendaddu? (39gha) nIvu allige nALe tAnE hOgONavendaddu?
10.3.5 badali kELvigaLu
eraDu athavA jAsti vAkyagaLalli yAvudu sari embudAgi kELuva vAkyagaLu ‘badali kELvi’gaLu. intaha kELvigaLa mUlakavU ondu iDI vAkyavu tiLisuva sangati nijavE athavA allavE endu tiLiya bEkAgideyAda kAraNa ivannU vAkyakELvigaLendE parigaNisabahudu. (40ka) raghu hOdaddu puNegO, bombAyigO? (40kha) avanu pATha OduvudO, katepustaka OduvudO? (40ga) Iga nIvu snAna mADuttIrO athavA nAnu mADa bEkO? (40gha) Ake inTarvyUge hOdaddu bengaLUrigO, cennaygO athavA DilligO? intaha badali kELvigaLigU mattu saraLavAda vAkyakELvigaLigU naDuve ondu mukhyavAda vyatyAsavide. saraLavAda vAkyakELvigaLige havdu endAgali, illavE illa athavA alla endAgali uttara koTTare sAku, Adare intaha badali kELvigaLige uttaravAgi avu sUcisuva eraDu athavA jAsti sangatigaLalli yAvudAdarU ondannu Arisi hELa bEkAguttade.
yAkendare, tAnu sUcisuva ‘badali’ sangatigaLalli yAvudAdarU ondu sariyirabahudu embudAgi intaha badali kELviyannu baLasuva vyaktiya abhiprAyaviruttade. hAgAgi intaha kELvigaLige havdu athavA illa/alla endiShTE uttara koTTare kELviyannu baLasidavanige samA dhAnavAgalAradu. 10.4. vAkyAnga kELvigaLu vAkyAnga kELviyondannu baLasuva vyaktige avanu sUcisuva ghaTaneya ondu amSada kuritAgi mAtra mAhiti bEkAgiruttade. uLida amSa gaLella Atanige tiLidiruttade. hAgAgi intaha kELvigaLannu baLasuva vyaktige yAva amSavannu tiLiyabEkAgideyO adannu sUcisuvudakkAgi I kELvigaLalli ondu ‘aniScita’ padavannu baLasuva avaSyakateyide. (41ka) rAju ivattu ellige hOgiddAne? (41kha) nimma manege ivattu yAru bandiddAre? (41ga) nAvilli eShTu ganTeya varege kAyuttirabEku? (41gha) nIvu ninne maduvege yAke baralilla? (41Ga) nIvu I manege yAvAga bandiri? (41ca) avarige yAva pustaka bEkAgide? (41ka)vannu baLasida vyaktige rAju ivattu elligO hOgiddAne endu gottide, Adare ellige endu tiLidilla; idE rItiyalli (41kha) vannu baLasida vyaktige nimma manege ivattu yArO bandiddAre endu tiLidide, Adare bandavaru yAru endu tiLidilla. I rIti tiLiyadiruva ondu amSavannu mAtra tiLidukoLLuvudakkAgi intaha vAkyAnga kELvigaLalli ellige, yAru, eShTu, yAke, yAvAga modalAda aniScita padagaLa baLakeyAguttade. vAkyAnga kELvigaLige uttara koDuvavaru avugaLalli bandiruva aniScita padagaLige samanAgiruva niScita padagaLannu (endare, jAga, vyakti,
motta, kAraNa, samaya modalAduvannu tiLisuva padagaLannu) baLasa bEkAguttade. udAharaNegAgi ondu vAkyAnga kELviyalli yAru emba pada bandideyAdare adakke koDuva uttaradalli intahavaru embudannU, eShTu emba pada bandideyAdare intiShTu embudannU tiLisabEkAguttade. (42ka) maduvege yAru hOguttAre? (42kha) rAju hOguttAne. (43ka) I manege eShTu khacrAyitu? (43kha) enTu lakSha khacrAyitu.
10.4.1 aniScita padagaLu
vAkyAnga kELvigaLa mUlaka ondu sangatiya bEre bEre amSagaLa kuritu mAhiti sangrahisuvudakkAgi antaha vAkyagaLalli yAru, Enu, yAke, elli, yAvAga, hEge, eShTu, entaha modalAda aniScita padagaLa baLakeyAguttade embudannu mEle nODiruvevu. kannaDa vyAkaraNagaLalli I padagaLannu sAmAnyavAgi ‘praSnArthaka’ padagaLendu kareyuvudu rUDhi.
Adare mEle (10.3.1ralli) sUcisida hAge nijakkU praSneya illavE kELviya arthaviruvudu vAkyada koneyalli baruva Srutiya svarUpakkallade I aniScita padagaLigalla. vAkyada Sruti koneyalli keLage iLiyuvudAdare adondu tiLisuva vAkya, mattu hAge keLage iLiyade uLiyuvudAdare adondu kELvi. bEre halavu baLakegaLalli ivE padagaLige aniScitArtha mAtra ide yallade kELviya arthavilla. udAharaNegAgi, ‘athavA’ emba artha viruva O pratyayadondige, illavE ‘mattu’ emba arthaviruva U pratyayadondige I padagaLannu baLasidAga avakke aniScitArtha mAtra ideyallade kELviya arthavilla.
(44ka) Atana manege yArO bandiddAre. (44kha) Ake ivattu beLiggEnE elligO hOgiddALe. (44ga) sOmaSEkharana mane illE ellO ide. (44gha) kOpa bandare Ata EnU mADabahudu. (44ka-gha) vAkyagaLalli yAru, ellige, elli mattu Enu emba padagaLige kELviya arthavilla embudannu gamanisabahudu. aniScita vAgiruva obba vyakti, ondu jAga, illavE ondu kelasavannu mAtra avu sUcisuttave. bEreyU halavu rItiya vAkyagaLalli I padagaLannu baLasalu sAdhyaviddu antaha baLakegaLallU avakke kELviya arthavilla.
(45ka) santeyalli ivattu eShTu jana sEriddAre! (45kha) haNavannu elli aDagisiTTiddArendu avanu tanna Dayriyalli barediddAne. (45ga) I kateyannu yAru barediddArO avarige tale sariyilla. oTTu sEriruva janara mottada kuritAgi tanna AScaryavannu sUcisalu (45ka)vannu baLalAgide. idaralli bandiruva eShTu emba padakke A mottada kuritu aniScitateyannu sUcisuva arthavideyallade kELviya arthavilla. (45kha)dalli bandiruva elli emba pada sUcisuva jAga ADuganige tiLidilladirabahudu, Adare adannu tiLiyuva icche Atanige iruva hAge kANisuvudilla.
(45ga)dalli yAru emba aniScita padavannu eraDu vAkyagaLannu oTTige sErisi hELuva ondu sAdhanavAgi baLasalAgide. illU I padakke kELviya arthavilla. yAru, Enu, yAke modalAda padagaLige kannaDadalli I rIti halavu baLakegaLiddu, avugaLa naDuve heccinavugaLallU kANisikoLLuva arthavendare aniScitArtha mAtra. hAgAgi avannu aniScitArthada padagaLendu karedu, avu baruva kelavu vAkyagaLalli mAtra kANisuva kELviya arthakke antaha vAkyagaLa koneyalli baruva Srutiya svarUpavE kAraNa endu hELuvudE sariyendu tOruttade (I viShayada kuritu heccina vivaragaLannu (bhaT 2003 mattu bhaT 2004) ralli nODabahudu).
10.4.2 kELuva angagaLu
vAkyAnga kELvigaLa mUlaka ondu vAkyavu tiLisuva ghaTane illavE sangatiya bEre bEre amSagaLa kuritAgi heccina mAhitiyannu kELi tiLiyalu sAdhyavide. udAharaNegAgi keLage (46)nE vAkyavu tiLisuva ghaTaneyalli Aru mukhya amSagaLiddu, I amSagaLa kuritAgi heccina mAhitiyannu paDeyalu Aru rItiya vAkyAnga kELvigaLannu baLasalu sAdhyavide. raghu ninne nimmannu nODuvudakkAgi bengaLUrininda TyAksiyalli bandidda. (46ka) yAru bandiddaru? (46kha) raghu Enu mADidda? (46ga) yAvAga bandidda? (46gha) ellinda bandidda? (46Ga) hEge bandidda?
(46ca) yAke bandidda?
-bandidda. -ninne. -bengaLUrininda. -TyAksiyalli. -nimmannu nODuvudakkAgi. I rIti kriyeya mukhya amSagaLannu mAtravallade itara mukhya vallada amSagaLannU intaha vAkyAnga kELvigaLa mUlaka kELi tiLidu koLLalu sAdhyavide. (46cha) raghu yArannu nODuvudakkAgi bandidda? -nimmannu. (46ja) raghu yAva rAtri bandidda? -ninne rAtri. ondE kELviyalli ondakkinta jAsti aniScita padagaLannu baLasuvudara mUlaka ommegEnE ondakkinta jAsti amSagaLa kuritAgi tiLiya bEkAgide embudannu sUcisalu sAdhyavide. (47ka) nIvu yAra manege yAvAga hOdiri? (47kha) I pustakavannu yAru yAvAga ellinda tandaru? (47ga) yAru yArannu yAvAga elli hatye mADidaru? (47gha) I mElina mAtannu yAru yAvAga elli mattu yAkAgi hELidaru? Adare mAtinalli intaha ondakkinta jAsti aniScita padagaLiruva vAkyAnga kELvigaLa baLake bahaLa aparUpavendE hELabahudu. sAmAnya vAgi parIkShegaLalli koDuva praSnapatrikegaLalli mAtravE intaha baLake kanDubaruttade. mAtinalli illavE barahadalli intaha kELvigaLannu bEre bErAgi oDedu, ondu kELviyalli ondu aniScita pada mAtra uLi diruva hAge baLasuvudE jAsti. (48ka) nIvu ellinda bandiri? yAvAga bandiri? yAke bandiri? yAru nimmannu barahELidaru? (48kha) apaghAtavannu yAru nODiddu? yAvAga nODiddu? ellinda nODiddu? hEge nODiddu? aniScita padagaLu ondannondu avalambisikonDiruvantaha kELvi gaLalli mAtra avannu I rIti oDedu hELalu sAdyavAgadu.
(49ka) yAva kapATinalli yAva vastugaLannirisabEku? (49kha) yAva bekkige yAva pAtreyalli hAlu koDabEku? intaha kELvigaLalli pratiyondu aniScita padavU ondakkinta jAsti vyakti illavE vastugaLannu sUcisuttiddu, avugaLoLage anukramavide yAdalli I aniScita padagaLannu eraDeraDu bAri baLasuva krama kannaDa dallide. intahavannU oDedu hELalu sAdhyavAgadu. (50ka) yAru yArige yAva yAva pustaka bEku? (50kha) yAva yAva Dabbadalli yAva yAva vastugaLive? idallade, intaha kELvigaLige uttara koDuvAgalU avannu jODi jODiyAgi oTTige sErisiyE koDabEkemba ASaya antaha kELvi yannu baLasidavanadAgiruttade. (51ka) nanage gaNitada pustaka, ranganige ingliSh pustaka mattu jAnakige samskxta pustaka. (51kha) idaralli jIrige, idaralli meNasinapuDi, idaralli uppu, mattu idaralli sAsive. (51ka-kha) vAkyagaLu anukramavAgi (50ka-kha)dalli koTTiruva kELvi gaLige uttaragaLAgaballuvembudannu gamanisabahudu.
10.4.3 padavagradalli vyatyAsa
vAkyAnga kELvigaLa mUlaka tiLidukoLLabEkAgiruva vAkyAmSa ondu nAmapadada mUlaka sUcisuvantahadirabahudu illavE ondu guNa padada mUlaka sUcisuvantahadirabahudu. udAharaNegAgi, yAru illavE yAvudu embudannu ondu vAkyAnga kELviyalli baLasidAga adakke uttaravAgi ondu nAmapadavannu koDabEkAguttade. idakke badalu, yAva illavE entaha embudannu baLasidalli adakke uttaravAgi ondu guNapadavannu koDabEkAguttade, illavE ondu guNapadada sthAnadalli baraballa nAmapada illavE kriyApadada sambandhisuva rUpavannu koDabEkAguttade. eShTu embudannu baLasi dalli adakke uttaravAgi ondu eNikeya illavE aLateya padavannu koDabEkAguttade. (52ka) yAva cenDu sikkitu? (52kha) kempu cenDu sikkitu. (53ka) avaLu entaha sIreyannu uTTukonDiddALe? (53kha) avaLu nIlibaNNada sIreyannu uTTukonDiddALe. (54ka) eShTu rUpAyi koTTaru? (54kha) nUra ayvattu rUpAyi koTTaru. (52ka) kELviyalli bandiruva yAva emba padakke uttaravAgi (52kha)dalli kempu emba guNapada bandide, (53ka)dalli banda entaha embudakke badalAgi (53kha)dalli nIlibaNNada emba guNapadada sthAna dalli baraballa nAmapadada sambandhisuva rUpa bandide, mattu (54ka) dalli banda eShTu embudakke badalAgi (54kha)dalli ayvattu emba eNikeya pada bandide. vAkyAnga kELvigaLalli baruva aniScita padagaLu ghaTaneyondaralli bEre bEre kelasagaLalli toDagiruva vyakti, vastu modalAduvannu sUcisalu sAdhyaviddu, I kelasagaLannavalambisi avu bEre bEre vibhakti rUpagaLalli baraballuvu. udAharaNegAgi, aniScitavAgiruva vyaktiyobba nannu sUcisuva yAru emba pada ellA vibhakti rUpagaLallU bara balludu.
(55ka) ivattu nIvu pUjege yArannu karediddIri? (55kha) rAju lekkada pustakavannu yArige koTTa? (55ga) I pustakavannu yArinda tandiri? (55gha) I pustaka yArallide? idE rItiyalli eShTu emba pada vyakti, vastu modalAdavugaLa eNike illavE pramANada aniScitateyannu sUcisuttideyAda kAraNa, adarondige ellA vibhaktipratyayagaLU baraballuvu. adakke badalAgi uttaradalli baraballa eNike illavE pramANavannu sUcisuva padagaLU I rIti ellA vibhaktipratyayagaLondigU baraballuvu. (56ka) eShTannu IgalE koDabEkAguttade? (56kha) I sankhyeyannu eShTarinda kaLeyabEkAguttade? (56ga) idannu eShTakke konDukonDiri? (56gha) nimma SEru eShTaralli nintide? eShTu emba padakke (nE athavA neya) pratyayavannu sErisi, eNikeyalli yAvudAdarondu vyakti illavE vastuvina jAga yAvudu embudannu kELalu sAdhyavide. Adare I pada nEravAgi vibhakti pratyaya gaLondige baralAradu. (56Ga) rAju eShTanE klAsinalli kaliyuttiddAne? idE rItiyalli guNapadagaLa jAgadalli baruva yAva mattu entaha emba padagaLu yAva vibhaktipratyayadondigU baralAravu. entaha embudakke du pratyayavannu sErisidAga mAtra adu nAma padagaLa sthAnadalli baraballudAgiddu, adakke bEre bEre vibhaktipratyaya gaLannu sErisalu sAdhyavAguttade.
ondu ghaTane illavE sangatiya jAgavannu tiLiyuvudakkAgi baLasa bEkAgiruva elli emba pada inda mattu ge emba eraDu vibhakti pratyayagaLondige mAtra baraballudu. alli pratyayada artha adakkEnE ide mattu annu pratyayada avaSyakate adakkilla. (57ka) iShTellA iruvegaLu ellinda banduvu? (57kha) meravaNige ellige hOguttide? (57ga) I mUru kAlina ettu nimage elli sikkitu? ondu ghaTane illavE sangatiya samayavannu tiLiyuvudakkAgi baLasabEkAgiruva yAvAga emba pada inda pratyayadondige mAtra baraballudu. ge pratyayada arthavannu I padada mUlaka nEravAgi sUcisalu sAdhyavAgadu. (58ka) avaru yAvAgininda I Uralli kelasa mADuttiddAre? (58kha) nIvu I manege yAvAga bandiri? (58ga) eShTu divasagaLa varege nIvilli iruttIri? Enu emba pada ondu nAmapadakke badalAgi baraballudAdarU adannu annu pratyayadondige mAtra baLasalu sAdhyavideyallade, inda, ge illavE alli pratyayagaLondige baLasalu sAdhyavAgadu. I pada sUcisuva aniScitate bahaLa sthUlavAgiruvudE idakke kAraNavira bEku.
udAharaNegAgi I padavannu ondu kelasavannu naDesiruva illavE naDesaliruva prANiya gurutu kELuvalli baLasalu sAdhyavAgadu. intaha sandabhragaLalli yAvudu emba padavannE baLasabEkAguttade. (59ka) I cIlavannu kaccihAkiddu yAvudu? (59kha) bekkannu hedarisiddu yAvudu? idE rItiyalli ondu kadaluvikeya suru, kone illavE jAga vannu tiLiyabEkAgiruvAgalU yAvudu embudannu baLasalu sAdhya videyallade Enu embudannu baLasalu sAdhyavAgadu. (60ka) hAgalabaLLi yAvudakke habbide? (60kha) Ata yAvudarinda eNNe hinDida? (60ga) Ake kottambariyannu yAvudaralli hAkiddALe? intaha sandabhragaLalli jAgavannu heccu sthUlavAgi sUcisabEkAdalli elli emba padavannu baLasalu sAdhyavAgabahudu, Adare Enu emba padavannu baLasalu sAdhyavAgadu.
vAkyAnga kELvigaLalli kriyApadavondannu biTTu vAkyadalli baruva itara yAva padakke badalAgiyU aniScita padavondannu baLasalu sAdhyavide. kriyApada vAkyada kEndravAgiruva kAraNa adannu aniScita goLisalu kannaDadalli sAdhanavilla.
idakke badalu mADu mattu Agu emba kriyApadagaLondige Enu emba aniScita padavannu baLasi entaha ghaTane naDeyitu embu dannu tiLiyabayasuva kELviyannu racisalu sAdhyavide. (61ka) avanu bekkina mariyannu Enu mADida? (61kha) bekkina marige EnAyitu? (62ka) avanu bombAyiyalli Enu mADuttiddAne? (62kha) avanige bombAyiyalli EnAyitu?
10.4.4 vacanada aniScitate
yAru emba bahuvacana rUpa nijakkU sankhye mattu lingagaLa maTTige aniScitateyannu sUcisuvudakkAgi bandideyallade ‘ondakkinta jAsti’ emba arthadalli bandilla. udAharaNegAgi, yArO obba emba padakanteya baLakeyalli yAru embudu obba vyaktiyannu mAtravE sUcisuttade. illi yAru emba bahuvacana rUpa gavravArthavannU koDuvudilla embudannu (63)ralli nODabahudu. (63) yArO obba I maDakeyannu oDedu hAkiddAne. kannaDadalli vyaktiyannu sUcisuva aniScita padagaLu Ekavacanadalli bandiveyAdare avu sankhye mattu linga iveraDu viShayagaLallU niScitavAgiruttaveyembudannu yAvanu mattu yAvaLu embavugaLa prayOgadalli kANabahudu. hAgAgi, I eraDu viShayagaLallU aniScitateyannu sUcisabEkAdAga yAru emba bahuvacana rUpavannE baLasabEkAguttade.
idallade yAvanu mattu yAvaLu emberaDu padagaLige svalpa maTTige agavravavannu sUcisuva arthavU ideyAda kAraNa, kannaDa barahadalli avugaLa baLake aparUpa.
Enu mattu yAvudu embavugaLa naDuve intaha vyatyAsavilla. averaDU samAnavAgi baLakeyalliddu, avugaLalli eraDaneyadakke ondu gumpinalliruva vastugaLalli ondannu Arisi hELabEkemba viSiShTavAda arthavide. idE rItiyalli yAvuvu embudakkU ondu gumpina lliruva vastugaLalli kelavannu Arisi hELabEkemba arthavide. (63ka) nimage yAvudu bEku? (63kha) nimage Enu bEku? (63ga) I pustakagaLalli nimmavu yAvuvu? Adare ondu gumpinalliruva vyaktigaLalli obbanannu (athavA halavarannu) Arisi hELabEkendiruvallU yAru embudannE baLasalu sAdhyavide. yAvanu mattu yAvaLu embuvakke agavravArthaviruva kAraNa intaha sandabhragaLalli avannE baLasabEkemba niyamavilla. (64ka) I huDugaralli lETAgi bandavaru yAru? (64kha) I nAlku janaralli kolegAranu yAru? (64ga) A haLE cappaliyannu yAru kaddirabahudu?
10.4.5 oLavAkyagaLAgi baLake
vAkyAnga kELvigaLannu oLavAkyagaLannAgi baLasidAga avu kELvigaLAgi uLiyuva badalu aniScita vAkyagaLAgalu sAdhyavide. horavAkyada koneyalli baruva SrutivinyAsa entahadu embudara mEle I vyatyAsa avalambiside. (65ka) ellige hOguvudendu avanu niScayisiddAne? (65kha) ellige hOguvudendu avanu niScayisiddAne. (66ka) eShTu haNa bEkAgabahudendu avaru barediddAre? (66kha) eShTu haNa bEkAgabahudendu avaru barediddAre. Adare ‘intaha vAkyagaLannu baLasuttiruva vyaktige avugaLa oLavAkya sUcisuva sangati tiLidide’ emba arthavannu avugaLa horavAkya sUcisuttideyAdalli mAtra oLavAkya ondu aniScita vAkyavAgaballudu. hAgAgi itara sandabhragaLalli intaha vAkyagaLannu ‘tiLisuvavAkya’da Sruti vinyAsadondige baLasalu sAdhyavAgadu. (67ka) avaru ellirabahudendu nimaganisuttade? (67kha) eShTu jana bandirabahudendu Akeya abhiprAya? (67ga) idannu yAvAga koDuttEnendu nIvu hELiddu? (67ka-ga)gaLalli bandiruva oLavAkyagaLu avugaLa ADuganige tiLidiru vantaha sangatiyannu sUcisuvudillavAda kAraNa avannu kELvigaLannAgi mAtra baLasalu sAdhyavideyallade, tiLisuva vAkyagaLannAgi baLasalu sAdhya vAgadu.
10.4.6 vAkyAnga kELvigaLalli vayvidhya
tiLisuva vAkyagaLalli baruva ghaTakavondara kuritAgi heccina mAhiti yannu paDeyalu vAkyAnga kELvigaLannu baLasuvevAda kAraNa, tiLisuva vAkyagaLalli kANisuva vayvidhya vAkyAnga kELvigaLallU kANisaballudu.
udAharaNegAgi, tiLisuva vAkyagaLa mUlaka ondu ghaTane naDeya lilla illavE naDeyuvudilla embudannU tiLisaballevu. idakkAgi nAvu ‘allagaLe’yuva vAkyagaLannu baLasabEkAguttade. intaha vAkyagaLa mUlaka allagaLediruva ghaTaneya ondu ghaTakada kuritAgi mAtra mAhitiyannu paDeyabEkAgiddalli avannu vAkyAnga kELvigaLannAgi badalAyisikoLLalu sAdhyavide. (68ka) rAju maduvege yAke baralilla? (68kha) sIme eNNe nimage yAva angaDiyalli sigalilla? (68ga) I kONeyalli yArige UTa Agilla? (68gha) nimmalli TikETannu yAru konDukonDilla? (68ka) vAkyavannu baLasida vyaktige ‘rAju maduvege baralilla’ emba viShaya tiLidide, Adare idakke kAraNavEnendu mAtra tiLidilla. I ondu viShayavannu tiLiyuvudakkAgi (68ka)vannu baLasalAgide. itara vAkyagaLallU hIgeyE. tiLisuva vAkyagaLalli kriyAvAkya mattu viShayavAkya embudAgi eraDu vidhadavugaLiveyembudannu (1.2)ralli nODiruvevu. kriyA vAkyagaLu ondu ghaTane naDediruvudannu illavE naDeyaliruvudannu tiLisuttave mattu viShayavAkyagaLu ondu sangatiya iruvikeyannu tiLisuttave.
mEle koTTiruva vAkyAnga kELvigaLalli heccinavU kriyAvAkyagaLannu vAkyAnga kELvigaLannAgi badalAyisidantahavugaLu. intaha vAkyagaLu ghaTanegaLa ghaTakavondara kuritAgi heccina mAhitiyannu paDeyalu prayatnisuttave. idakke badalu sangatigaLa ghaTakavondara kuritAgi heccina mAhitiyannu paDeyabEkAdAga antaha sangatigaLannu tiLisuvantaha kELvigaLannAgi viShayavAkyagaLannu badalAyisikoLLabEkAguttade. vAkyAnga (69ka) kangArOgaLu AsTrEliyAdalli iruttave? (69kha) kangArOgaLu elli iruttave? (70ka) Akege eraDu mandi makkaLiddAre? (70kha) Akege eShTu mandi makkaLiddAre? (71ka) A emmeya kombu neTTagide. (71kha) A emmeya kombu hEgide? tiLisuva vAkyagaLu ondu sangatiyannu nEravAgi tiLisuva badalu adakkU adara ondu ghaTakakkU naDuviruva sambandhavannu tiLisuvantaha vAkyagaLAgiralu sAdhyavide. intaha vAkyagaLannU vAkyAnga kELvigaLAgi badalAyisabahudu. Adare hIge badalAyisuvAga avugaLa mUlaka sambandhitavAguva ghaTakada kuritAgi mAtravE heccina mAhitiyannu paDeyalu sAdhya.
(72ka) ivattu SAlege hOgadiddudu rAju. (72kha) ivattu SAlege hOgadiddudu yAru? (72ka) vAkyadalli rAju ghaTakavannu vAkyada uLida amSadondige sambandhisalAgide. hAgAgi, I vAkyavannu vAkyAnga kELviyAgi badalA yisuvudara mUlaka rAju ghaTakada kuritAgi mAtra heccina mAhitiyannu paDeyalu sAdhya. hOguva samaya illavE hOguva jAgada kuritAgi heccina mAhitiyannu paDeyabEkiddalli antaha ghaTaka gaLannu vAkyada uLida amSadondige sambandhisuva vAkyagaLannE kELvi gaLAgi badalAyisalu baLasabEkAguttade. (73ka) rAju SAlege hOgadiddudu ivattu. (73kha) rAju SAlege hOgadiddudu yAvAga? (74ka) rAju ivattu hOgadiddudu SAlege. (74kha) rAju ivattu hOgadiddudu ellige?
10.5 kelasa mADisuva vAkyagaLu
mAtina mUlaka itararinda bEre bEre rItiya kelasagaLannu mADisi koLLalu sAdhyavide, mattu idakkAgiyE baLasabahudAdantaha kelavu viSiShTavAda ‘kelasa mADisuva’ vAkyagaLU kannaDadallive. barahadalli kANisuva intaha kelavu vAkyagaLannu keLagina upavibhAgagaLalli vivarisa
10.5.1 pratyaya sErisada rUpa
obba kELuganinda mAtravE ondu kelasavannu mADisikoLLabEkAgiddAga, kriyApadavannu hAgeyE adakke yAva pratyayavannU sErisade baLasa bahudu.
(75ka) ondu glAsu nIru koDu. (75kha) mUru ganTege nInu manege hOgu. (75ga) modalu kAphi kuDi. (75gha) I cIlavannu kapATinoLage irisu. mEle koTTiruva (75ka-gha) vAkyagaLannu ADuganu tanna kELugana mUlaka bEre bEre rItiya kelasagaLannu mADisikoLLuvudakkAgi baLasalu sAdhyaviddu, I vAkyagaLalli koDu, hOgu, kuDi mattu irisu emba mukhya kriyApadagaLu avugaLa mUla rUpadalli, endare avakke yAva pratyayavU sEradiruva rUpadalli baLakeyAgive. baru mattu taru emba eraDu kriyApadagaLu mAtra I niyamakke apavAdagaLAgive. mEle vivarisidantaha vAkyagaLalli ivakke bA mattu tA emba viSiShTavAda rUpagaLive. (75Ga) nInu I kaDe bA. kriyApadagaLige koLLu padavannu sErisi avugaLa mUlaka ADuganu tanna hitakkAgi naDesuva ghaTaneyondannu sUcisalu sAdhya embudannu mEle 5.6.3ralli nODiruvevu. I pratyayakke kelasa mADisuva vAkya gaLalli ko emba rUpavide. (76ka) pustakavannu kayyallE iTTuko. (76kha) bILada hAge nanna hegalannu hiDiduko.
10.5.2 i illavE iri pratyayada baLake
ibbaru (illavE ibbariginta jAsti) kELugara mUlaka ondu kelasavannu mADisabEkiddalli I kriyApadagaLige i illavE iri pratyayavannu sErisi koLLabEkAguttade. obba kELuga mattu obba (athavA halavu) itara mandiya mUlaka ondu kelasavannu mADisikoLLabEkAgiddAgalU idE pratyayada baLakeyAguttade. (77ka) mUru ganTege nIvu manege hOgi. (77kha) nIvu modalu kAphi kuDiyiri. (77ga) ellarU ondu kate bareyiri. i illavE iri pratyayavannu sErisidAga ukAradalli konegoLLuva kriyApadagaLa koneya ukAra bidduhoguttade mattu ikAra illavE ekAradalli konegoLLuva kriyApadagaLa koneyalli yakAra sErikoLLu ttade embudannu gamanisabahudu. baru mattu taru emba eraDu kriyApadagaLu I niyamakkU apa vAdagaLAgi kANisikoLLuttave. ivakke i illavE iri pratyayada anantara banna mattu tanna emba rUpagaLive. (78ka) nIvu I kaDe banni. (78kha) ellarU bAviyinda nIru tanni. iru kriyApadadondige i pratyaya barabahudallade iri pratyaya bara lAradu. (78ga) nIvibbarU illE iri. obbanE vyaktiya mUlaka ondu kelasavannu mADisikoLLabEkA giddAgalU A vyaktige gavravavannu sUcisuvudakkAgi kriyApadadondige i illavE iri pratyayavannu sErisi hELuva krama kannaDadallide embu dannu illi gamanisabahudu.
10.5.3 ONa pratyayada baLake
ADuga mattu kELugaribbarU oTTAgi ondu kelasavannu mADabEkiddalli, adannu kELuganige sUcisabEkiddAga antaha vAkyada mukhya kriyApadakke ONa pratyayavannu sErisikoLLabEkAguttade. (79ka) nAvibbarU santege hOgONa. (79kha) illE kuLitukoLLONa. (79ga) I peTTigeyannu mEjina mEle irisONa.
10.5.4 i pratyayada baLake
kELugana badalu bErobba vyaktiya mUlaka (illavE halavu vyaktigaLa mUlaka) ondu kelasavannu mADisikoLLabEkiddalli anantarada ghaTane yannu sUcisuvudakkAgi baLasuva kriyApadada jODisuva rUpakke i pratyayavannu sErisikoLLabEkAguttade. (80ka) rAju I pustakavannu harige koDali. (80kha) I peTTigeyannu avanu mEjina mEle irisali. (80ga) huDugaru manege hOgali. (80ka)dalli koDu kriyApadada koDalu emba anantarada ghaTaneyannu sUcisuva kriyArUpakke i pratyayavannu sErisalAgide. munde yAvudAdarondu ghaTane naDeyali endu bayasuvu dakkAgi athavA adE arthadalli kELuganannu harasuvudakkAgiyU mElina kriyArUpavannu baLasalu sAdhyavide. (80gha) nimage oLLeyadAgali! (80Ga) kelasavella nivrighnavAgi neravErali!
10.5.5 kelavu viSiShTavAda padagaLa baLake
kELuganu ondu kelasavannu mADadante taDeyuvudakkAgi bEDa padada baLakeyAguttade. idannu anantara naDeyuva ghaTaneyannu sUcisuva kriyArUpadondige sErisalAguttade. I kriyArUpada koneya lu akShara bEDa pada sEridAga biddu hOguttade. (81ka) nInu avarallige hOgabEDa. (81kha) avara hattira yAvudannU kELabEDa. obbaniginta jAsti vyaktigaLannu taDeyuvudakkAgi illavE taDeya bEkAda vyaktige gavravavannu sUcisuvudakkAgi bEDa padakke i pratyaya vannu sErisabEkAguttade. (81ga) nIvu avarallige hOgabEDi. (81gha) avara hattira yAvudannU kELabEDi. kELugana badalu innobba vyakti ondu kelasavannu mADadante taDeyabEkAdAga bEDa padavannu kriyApadada nAmapadarUpadondige sErisi hELabEkAguttade. (81Ga) avanu avarallige hOguvudu bEDa. (81ca) avara hattira avanu yAvudannU kELuvudu bEDa. ondu kelasavannu mADalu kELuganige athavA innobba vyaktige oppigeyannu koDuvudakkAgi mElina kriyArUpakkEnE bahudu pada vannu sErisalAguttade. I sandabhradallU A kriyArUpadada koneya lu akShara bidduhOguttade. (82ka) nInu avarallige hOgabahudu. (82kha) avara hattira yAvudannU kELabahudu. bahudu padakke kelasavondannu naDesalu oppigeyannu sUcisuva arthakke badalu ondu ghaTane naDeyuva sAdhyateyannu sUcisuva arthavU baraballudu embudannu illi gamanisabahudu. I rIti ondu kelasavannu naDesalu oppigeyannu koDuva badalu adannu nirAkarisuvudakkAgi bAradu padada baLakeyAguttade. (83ka) nInu avarallige hOgabAradu. (83kha) avara hattira yAvudannU kELabAradu.
10.6 beragannu sUcisuva vAkyagaLu
kannaDadalli beragannu sUcisuva vAkyagaLigU mattu kELuva vAkya (vAkyAnga kELvi)gaLigU naDuve kelavu sAmyagaLu kANisuttave. I eraDu rItiya vAkyagaLallU aniScita savrapadagaLu baruvudE idakke mukhya kAraNa. vAkyAnga kELvigaLalli ivu kELviya vyAptiyannu sUcisu vudakkAgi baruttave mattu beragannu sUcisuva vAkyagaLalli beragina vyAptiyannu sUcisuvudakkAgi baruttave.
(84ka) maduvege eShTu jana bandiddaru? (84kha) maduvege eShTu jana bandiddaru ! (85ka) A sAhukAraradu entaha mane? (85kha) A sAhukAraradu entaha mane ! mEle koTTiruva (ka) mattu (kha) vAkyagaLeraDU ondE rUpadalliddu, avugaLa koneyalli baruva cihne mAtra bEre bEreyAgideyembudannu gamanisabahudu. mAtinalli I eraDu rItiya vAkyagaLa naDuve avugaLa koneyalli baruva Srutiya maTTige vyatyAsa ide embudannu barahadalli kANisuva I cihnegaLu sUcisuttave. Adare I rIti vAkyada koneya Srutiyondannu biTTu bErellA viShayagaLallU kELuva mattu beragannu sUcisuva vAkyagaLu ondE rIti iruvudu kelavE kelavu vAkyagaLalli mAtra. uLida vAkyagaLalli iveraDaroLage halavu rItiya vyatyAsagaLannu kANabahudu.
udAharaNegAgi beragannu sUcisuva vAkyagaLalli eShTu, Enu, entaha (illavE enthA) mattu hEge emba nAlku aniScita savra padagaLu mAtra baraballuvu. Adare kELuva vAkyagaLalli I nAlku aniScita padagaLu mAtravallade, yAru, elli, yAke, yAvAga modalAda bEreyU kelavu aniScita padagaLu baraballuvu embudannu nAvu mEle (10.4.1)ralli nODiruvevu. (86ka) A huDugi eShTu cannAgi kuNiyuttiddALe ! (86ka) Atanige iShTu bEga vagravAdaddu EnanyAya ! (86ga) ninne rAtri entaha (enthA) maLe bandittu ! (86gha) avaru A maneyannu hEge kaTTiddAre ! beragannu sUcisuva vAkyagaLu yAvudAdarU ondu guNadharmada maTTige ADuganigiruva beragannu sUcisabEkAgideyAda kAraNa, guNa dharmavondara dajre illavE antastannu sUcisaballa aniScita savrapada gaLu mAtra avugaLalli baraballuvu.
eShTu, Enu, hEge mattu entaha embavugaLu I rIti guNa dharmavondara dajreya kuritAgi aniScitateyannu sUcisaballuvu. idakke badalu, yAru, elli, yAvAga modalAdavugaLu vyakti, vastu, jAga, samaya modalAdavugaLa gurutina kuritAgi aniScitate yannu sUcisuttive. hAgAgi, avannu beragannu sUcisuva vAkyagaLalli baLasalu sAdhyavAguvudilla.
10.7 sArAmSa
vAkyagaLa mUlaka tiLisuva kelasakkinta bhinnavAgiruva bEre kelavu kelasa gaLannu naDesuva bage hEge embudannu I adhyAyadalli vivarisalAgide. kelavu rItiya vAkyagaLannu baLasidoDaneyE kelavu kelasagaLu naDedu hOguttave. intaha vAkyagaLalli kelavu viSiShTavAda horavAkyagaLu bandiruvudannu kANabahudu. ondu ghaTaneya kuritAgi illavE ondu sangatiya kuritAgi innobba vyaktiyinda mAhitiyannu sangrahisuvudakkAgi bEre rItiya vAkyagaLannu baLasabEkiddu ivannu kELvigaLendu kareyabahudu. ivu gaLalli ondu ghaTane naDedideyE athavA ondu sangati nijavE embu dannu tiLiyuvudakkAgi baLasuva vAkyagaLannu vAkyakELvigaLendU mattu antaha ondu ghaTane illavE sangatiya ondu angada kuritAgi heccina mAhitiyannu paDeyuvudakkAgi baLasuva vAkyagaLannu vAkyAnga kELvi gaLendU kareyabahudu.
itararinda kelasagaLannu mADisikoLLuvudakkAgi mattu beragannu sUcisuvudakkAgiyU kelavu viSiShTavAda vAkyagaLannu baLasalAguttade.