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8. vibhaktigaLu
8.1 munnOTa
kannaDa mattu samskxta bhAShegaLa naDuve vibhaktigaLa baLakeyalli kANisuva ondu mukhyavAda vyatyAsavannu hindina adhyAyadalli pariSIlisa lAgittu. adEnendare, kannaDadalli vibhakti pratyayagaLigU avugaLa arthakkU naDuve nEravAda hondANikeyide, Adare samskxtadalli A rIti nEravAda hondANikeyilla.
I vyatyAsada AdhArada mEle, samskxta vyAkaraNagaLalli vibhakti pratyayagaLa baLakeyannu vivarisuvudakkAgi ‘kAraka’vemba vyAkaraNa tatva vondannu kalpisikoLLuva avaSyakate yAke ide, mattu kannaDadalli antaha avaSyakate yAke illa embudannu alli vivarisalAgittu. samskxta mattu kannaDa bhAShegaLa naDuve vibhaktigaLa sankhyeyalli mattu avugaLa baLakeyalli entaha vyatyAsagaLive embudannu I adhyAyadalli pariSIlisalAgide mattu ‘vibhakti pallaTa’ vemba vyAkaraNa parikalpaneyannu I eraDu bhAShegaLa vyAkaraNagaLalli hEge baLasikoLLalu sAdhya embudannu mundina adhyAyadalli vivarisalAgide. I ellA vyatyAsagaLannU pariSIlisidAga ondu viShayavantU spaShTa vAguttade. samskxta vyAkaraNagaLalli kANisuva vibhakti pratyayagaLa vyavasthe yannu hAgeyE kannaDa vyAkaraNadalli tandirisuva kannaDa vayyAkaraNigaLa prayatna saphalavAgalu sAdhyavE illa.
8.2 vibhaktigaLa hesaru
samskxtada vibhaktigaLannu ondu kramadalli paTTimADi avakke prathamA, dvitIyA, txtIyA, caturthI, pancamI, ShaShThI mattu saptamI (endare anukramavAgi ondanE, eraDanE, mUranE, nAlkanE, aydanE, AranE mattu ELanE) vibhaktigaLendu hesaru koDalAgide. I hesarugaLannu kannaDa vayyAkaraNigaLu samskxtadinda hAgeyE kannaDakke vagrAyisikonDiddAre.
samskxtadalli vibhaktigaLannu I rIti prathamA, dvitIyA, txtIyA modalAgi paTTimADi hesarisalu ondu uttamavAda kAraNavide. adaralli baruva vibhaktigaLalli yAvuvakkella ondE rUpadalliruva pratyayagaLive embudannu sulabhavAgi vivarisi hELalu mElina krama atyanta yOgyavAdudu. bEre yAva rItiyalli I vibhaktigaLannu paTTimADi hELidarU A rIti ondE rUpadalli baruva pratyayagaLannu aShTondu sulabhavAgi (endare oTToTTAgi) sUcisalu sAdhyavAgadu.
udAharaNegAgi, dEvaH nAmapadakke dvivacanada prathamA mattu dvitIyA vibhaktigaLeraDaralli dEvav emba ondE rUpavide, txtIyA, caturthI mattu pancamigaLemba mUru vibhaktigaLalli dEvAbhyam emba ondE rUpavide, mattu ShaShThI hAgU saptamI vibhaktigaLeraDaralli dEvayOH emba ondE rUpavide.
dvivacana
prathamA-dvitIyA txtIyA-caturthI-pancamI dEvAbhyAm dEvayOH ShaShThI-saptamI
dEvav
bahuvacana
caturthI-pancamI
dEvEbhyaH
idE rItiyalli agni nAmapadakke (1) Ekavacanada pancami- ShaShThigaLalli, (2) dvivacanada prathamA-dvitIyegaLalli, txtIyA- caturthI-pancamigaLalli mattu ShaShThI-saptamigaLalli, hAgU (3) bahuvacanada caturthI-pancamigaLalli samAnavAda rUpagaLive.
Ekavacana
pancamI-ShaShThI
dvivacana
prathamA-dvitIyA txtIyA-caturthI-pancamI agnibhyAm agnayOH ShaShThI-saptamI
bahuvacana
caturthI-pancamI
agnibhyaH
samskxtada vibhaktigaLannu mEle sUcisida hAge paTTi mADidalli ondE rUpaviruva vibhaktigaLella oTToTTige baruttave; bEre yAva kramadalli avannu paTTi mADidarU avu A rIti oTToTTige baralAravu mattu I kAraNakkAgi avugaLa naDuviruva rUpasAdxSyavannu aShTondu sulabhavAgi vivarisi hELalu sAdhyavAgadu.
endare, rUpasAdxSyavannu tOrisuva samskxtada vibhakti rUpagaLu I rIti oTToTTAgi nAmapadagaLa rUpAvaLigaLalli kANisikoLLa bEkiddalli avannu samskxta vyAkaraNadalli mEle kANisida hAge prathamA, dvitIyA, txtIyA ityAdiyAgi vingaDisuvudu avaSya.
kannaDada vibhaktigaLannu mElina samskxta vibhaktigaLa kramavannanusarisi prathamA, dvitIyA, txtIyA modalAgi hesarisuvudarinda intaha prayOjanavEnU sigalAradu. yAkendare, kannaDadalli samskxtada hAge ondE rUpaviruva vibhaktigaLE illa.
samskxtada ELu vibhaktigaLannu kannaDadallU kANalu prayatnisidalli mAtra adaralli kelavu ondE rUpaviruva vibhaktigaLiveyendu hELalu sAdhya. Adare antaha prayatnadalli txtIyA-pancamigaLu (naDuviruva caturthiyannu biTTu) inda emba ondE rUpadavAgi kANisuttave. hAgAgi, pratyayagaLannu hesarisuva I mElina samskxtada krama kannaDakke anukUlavAguva badalu pratikUlavAguttade.
nijakkU kannaDada vibhaktigaLannu prathamA, dvitIyA, txtIyA moda lAgi kareyuva badalu, vAkyagaLalli baLasidAga avakke entaha artha baruttade embudannu sUcisuvantaha hesarugaLannu koDuvudE uttama. idarinda avannu kaliyabEkendiruva vidyArthigaLigU avannu nenapinalli irisikoLLabEkAgiruva itararigU prayOjanavAdItu.
udAharaNegAgi, inda pratyaya kannaDadalli mukhyavAgi ondu calaneya mUla(suru)vannu sUcisuttade mattu ge pratyaya calaneya kone illavE guriyannu sUcisuttade. I vibhaktigaLannu ‘txtIyA’ (illavE ‘pancamI’) mattu ‘caturthI’ embudAgi hesarisuva badalu avugaLa I pradhAnavAda arthavannu sUcisuva hAge ‘suru’ vibhakti mattu ‘kone’ vibhakti embudAgi hesarisidalli vAkyadalli avugaLa baLake yentahadu embudannu vivarisuva kelasa sulabhavAdItu.
idE rItiyalli, kannaDada annu pratyaya mukhyavAgi ondu ghaTane yinda bAdhitavAgiruva vyakti illavE vastuvannu sUcisuttade mattu alli pratyaya ondu ghaTane naDediruva jAgavannu sUcisuttade. hAgAgi iveraDannu yAva viSiShTavAda arthavannU koDada ‘dvitIyA’ mattu ‘saptamI’ vibhaktigaLemba hesarugaLinda kareyuva badalu, avugaLa mukhya arthavannu spaShTavAgi sUcisuva ‘bAdhita’ illavE ‘Aguga’ vibhakti mattu ‘jAga’ vibhakti embudAgi hesarisuvudE kannaDada maTTige uttamavAda krama.
Adare iShTaravarege samskxtada hesarugaLannE baLasi abhyAsavAgiruva vyAkaraNa panDitarige mAtra idu svalpa tondare koDabahudu.
kannaDada vayyAkaraNigaLu samskxtadalli kANisuva itara (prathamA, pancamI modalAda) vibhaktigaLige samanAda vibhaktigaLU kannaDadallive yendu hELuttArAdarU nijakkU kannaDadalli adakke AdhAravillavembu dannu munde nODaliruvevu.
8.3 vibhakti, linga mattu vacana
hinde Araneya adhyAyadalli vivarisida hAge, kannaDadalli baruva vibhakti pratyayagaLu vibhaktiya arthavannu (endare nAmapadakkU kriyApadakkU naDuviruva sambandhavannu) mAtra sUcisuttave; linga mattu vacana gaLannu sUcisuvudakkAgi kannaDadalli ivakkinta tIra bhinnavAda pratyaya gaLu baLakeyAguttave.
Adare, samskxtadalli baruva vibhakti pratyayagaLu vibhaktiya artha vannu mAtravallade linga-vacanagaLannU sUcisuttave. idu samskxta mattu kannaDa bhAShegaLa naDuviruva ondu mukhyavAda vyatyAsa.
udAharaNegAgi, samskxtadalli pullingada dEva, strIlingada dEvi mattu napumsakalingada jagat padagaLige dvitIyA vibhaktiya Ekavacana, dvivacana mattu bahuvacanagaLalli baruva vibhaktirUpagaLannu gamanisa bahudu.
nAmapada
Ekavacana
dEva (pullinga) dEvam
dEvi (strIlinga) dEvIm
dvitIyA vibhaktiya rUpagaLu dvivacana
dEvav
dEvavya
bahuvacana dEvAn dEvI
jagat (napumsaka jagat
mEle dEvam padadalli am pratyaya bandide. idu dvitIyA vibhaktiyannu mAtravallade pullinga mattu EkavacanagaLannU sUcisuttade yundu hELabEkAguttade. yAkendare, dEvIm padadalli dvitIyA vibhaktiyannu sUcisalu adakkinta tIra bhinnavAda im pratyaya bandide. I pratyayakkU dvitIyA vibhaktiyannu mAtravallade strIlinga mattu EkavacanagaLannu sUcisuva arthavideyundu hELabEkAguttade. jagat padadalli ‘SUnya’ pratyaya bandiddu, adara mEle dvitIyA vibhaktiyannu mAtravallade napumsakalinga mattu EkavacanagaLannu sUcisuva kelasannU horisabEkAgide.
idE rItiyalli pullinga dvivacanavannu sUcisalu av pratyaya, pullinga bahuvacanavannu sUcisalu an pratyaya, strIlinga bahuvacana vannu sUcisalu i pratyaya, napumsaka dvivacanavannu sUcisalu I pratyaya modalAdavu bandiruvudannu idE dvitIyA vibhaktiyalli kANabahudu. I kAraNakkAgi, samskxtadalli vibhakti pratyayagaLannu linga pratyayagaLinda illavE vacana pratyayagaLinda bEpraDisalu sAdhya vAguvudilla.
Adare kannaDadalli vibhakti pratyayagaLu vibhaktiya arthavannu mAtra sUcisuttave. linga mattu vacana bhEdagaLannu sUcisalu kannaDadalli bEreyE pratyayagaLu baruttave. ivugaLalli linga pratyayagaLu huDuga-huDugi, ajja-ajji modalAda kelavE kelavu nAmapada gaLondige mAtra baruttave; uLideDegaLallella nAmapadagaLa lingavannu avugaLa arthadindalEnE tiLidukoLLabEkAguttade (6.3.2 nODi). adakkAgi pratyayagaLa baLakeyilla.
kannaDada vacana pratyayagaLu kelavu sandabhragaLalli lingabhEdavannU sUcisaballuvu. udAharaNegAgi, bahuvacanada ru pratyaya manuShya (pum-strI) lingavannU sUcisaballudu mattu vu pratyaya manuShyEtara (napumsaka) lingavannU sUcisaballudu. Adare ellA sandabhragaLallU I pratyayagaLu vibhakti pratyayagaLiginta bhinnavAgiruttave.
kannaDadalli linga mattu vacana pratyayagaLu vibhakti pratyayagaLiginta bEreyAgiruvudannu keLagina padarUpagaLalli spaShTavAgi kANabahudu.
nAmapada
Ekavacana
huDuga (pullinga) huDuganannu huDugi (strIlinga) huDugiyannu kallu (napumsaka
kallannu
dvitIyA vibhaktiya rUpagaLu bahuvacana huDugarannu huDugiyarannu kallugaLannu
mEle koTTiruva ellA padarUpagaLallU annu pratyaya bandiddu adu dvitIyA vibhaktiyannu mAtravE sUcisuttade. linga mattu vacana gaLannu sUcisuvudakkAgi I padarUpagaLalli a (an), i, ru mattu gaLu pratyayagaLu bandiddu, avannu vibhakti pratyayadinda bEpraDisalu yAva tondareyU illa.
samskxtada vibhakti pratyayagaLu mEle sUcisida hAge nAmapadada vibhakti, linga mattu vacanagaLannanusarisi mAtravallade avugaLa koneya akSharavannanusarisiyU bhinnavAgiruttave.
udAharaNegAgi, pullingadalliruva agni mattu guru emba eraDu nAmapadagaLige txtIyA vibhakti Ekavacanadalli agninA mattu guruNA emba rUpagaLive. guru padada koneya akSharadalliruva rakAradindAgi txtIyA Ekavacanada nA embudu NA endAgide. intaha bEreyU halavu vyatyAsagaLu samskxtada vibhakti pratyayagaLalli kANisuttiveyAda kAraNa, adara nAmapadagaLigiruva vibhakti rUpagaLannu kaliyuvudu ondu bahaLa kaShTavAda kelasavAgide.
kannaDadalliyU nAmapadagaLa svarUpavannavalambisi vibhakti pratyaya dalli kelavu vyatyAsagaLu kANisikoLLuttave. udAharaNegAgi, caturthI pratyayakkiruva ige, ge mattu kke rUpagaLu mukhyavAgi nAmapadada svarUpavannavalambisive. Adare, samskxtakke hOlisidevAdare kannaDadalli kANisuva I vyatyAsagaLu atyalpavendE hELabahudu.
8.4 pratyayagaLa avaSyakate
mEle vivarisida hAge, samskxtada vibhakti pratyayagaLu vibhaktiyannu mAtravallade nAmapadada linga mattu vacanagaLannU sUcisabEkA gideyAda kAraNa, nAmapadavondannu vAkyadalli baLasuvAgalella adakke
yAvudAdarondu vibhakti pratyayavannu sErisiyE baLasabEkembudAgi samskxta vyAkaraNadalli niyamavondannu mADalu sAdhyavAgide.
Adare kannaDadalli intaha niyamavannu mADalu sAdhyavAgadu. yAkendare, kannaDada nAmapadagaLu avaSyaviddalli mAtra vibhakti pratyaya dondige baruttave. illavAdalli avu yAva vibhakti pratyayadondigU sErikoLLade prakxtirUpadallEnE baLakeyAguttave.
yAva sandabhradalli I rIti kannaDa nAmapadagaLondige vibhakti pratyayavannu baLasuva avaSyakateyide mattu yAva sandabhradalli adara avaSyakateyilla embudu A nAmapadagaLannu baLasabEkAgiruva vAkyada svarUpavannavalambiside. hindina adhyAyadalli vivarisida hAge, vAkya gaLalli sAmAnyavAgi ondu kriyApada mattu ondu athavA jAsti nAmapadagaLu (illavE nAmapadakantegaLu) baruttave. ivugaLalli kriyApadavu ondu ghaTaneyannu sUcisuttade mattu adarondige baruva nAmapadagaLu (illavE nAmapadakantegaLu) A ghaTaneyalli toDagikonDiruva vyakti, vastu, viShaya modalAduvannu gurutisuttave.
I vyakti, vastu modalAdavugaLu yAva kelasadalli toDagikonDive embudannu - endare avannu gurutisuva nAmapadagaLigU kriyA padakkU naDuve entaha sambandhavide embudannu - nAmapadagaLondige baruva vibhakti pratyayagaLu tiLisuttave. udAharaNegAgi keLage koTTiruva vAkyavannu pariSIlisabahudu.
(1)
rAju tanna kArannu harige mArida
(1)nE vAkyadalli rAju, hari mattu kAru emba mUru nAmapadagaLu bandiddu, avu mAru kriyApadavu sUcisuva (endare mAruva) ghaTaneyalli toDagikonDiruva eraDu vyaktigaLannu mattu ondu vastuvannu gurutisuttave.
ivugaLalli hari nAmapadadondige caturthI vibhakti pratyaya ge bandiddu, adu ‘mAriddu yAva vyaktige’ embudannu (harige embu dAgi) tiLisuttade mattu kAru nAmapadadondige dvitIyA vibhakti pratyaya annu bandiddu, adu ‘mAriddu yAvudannu’ embudannu (kArannu embudAgi) tiLisuttade.
mAriddu yAru embudannu sUcisalu kannaDadalli iveraDakkinta bhinnavAda pratyayada avaSyakateyilla. yAkendare, mElina eraDu vibhakti pratyayagaLU illadiruva mUraneya nAmapadavE A vyaktiyannu sUcisuvudembudAgi tiLidukoLLalu sAdhyavide.
bEre bEre rItiya kriyApadagaLu bEre bEre rItiya ghaTanegaLannu sUcisaballuvAda kAraNa, avugaLalli toDagikonDirabEkAda vyakti, vastu modalAdavugaLU bEre bEre rItiyavAgiruttave. udAharaNe gAgi, aLu kriyApadavu sUcisuva ghaTaneyalli obba vyakti mAtra bhAgavahisaballa; Adare, bILu kriyApadavu sUcisuva ghaTaneyalli obba vyakti illavE ondu vastu toDagikonDiralu sAdhyavide.
rAju atta
(2kha) *pustaka attitu
rAju bidda
(3kha) pustaka bittu
bayyu, dUDu, hogaLu, kollu modalAda kriyApadagaLu sUcisuva ghaTanegaLalli avannu naDesuva vyakti mattu avugaLinda bAdhitavAguva vyakti embudAgi ibbaru vyaktigaLu bhAgavahisaballaru.
hAgAgi, intaha kriyApadagaLiruva vAkyagaLalli obba vyaktiyannu innobba vyaktiyinda bEpraDisuvudakkAgi vibhakti pratyayavannu baLasuva avaSyakateyide. kannaDadalli idakkAgi ghaTanegaLinda bAdhitanAguva vyakti yannu annu pratyayada mUlaka sUcisalAguttade.
(4ka) hari rAjuvannu dUDida (4kha) hariyannu rAju dUDida
(4ka-kha) vAkyagaLalli ‘dUDiddu yArannu’ embudannu sUcisuvu dakkAgi annu vibhakti pratyayaviruva padavannu baLasalAgide. Adare ‘dUDidduyAru’ embudannu sUcisuvudakkAgi rAju padavannu adakke yAva vibhakti pratyayavannU sErisade baLasalAgide.
kannaDa vAkyagaLalli I rIti ghaTanegaLannu naDesuva vyaktiyannu sUcisuvudakkAgi yAva vibhakti pratyayavannU baLasuvudilla. nijakkU antaha pratyayada avaSyakateyE illa; yAkendare annu vibhakti pratyayada mUlaka sUcisadiruva vyaktiyE ghaTanegaLannu naDesuvavanu embudAgi tiLidukoLLalu sAdhyavAguttade.
intaha vAkyagaLu tiLisuva ghaTaneyalli obba vyakti mattu ondu vastu bhAgavahisuttiveyAdare avugaLalli eraDakkU vibhakti pratyayavannu sErisadiralu sAdhyavide. yAkendare, avugaLalli yAvudakke yAva kelasa embudannu sAmAnyavAgi sandabhradindalE UhisikoLLalu sAdhyavAgu
udAharaNegAgi, kaTTisuva kelasavannAgali illavE ettuva kelasa vannAgali sAmAnyavAgi obba vyakti mADaballanallade ondu vastuvalla. hAgAgi, antaha kriyApadaviruva vAkyagaLalli eraDu nAmapadagaLannU vibhakti pratyayavannu sErisade baLasalu sAdhyavide.
(5) (6)
rAju ondu mane kaTTisida hari kay ettida
(5) nE vAkyadalli kaTTisu kriyApadadondige rAju mattu mane emba eraDu nAmapadagaLu bandiddu averaDU vibhakti pratyayavillade baLakeyAgive. I nAmapadagaLu gurutisuva vyakti mattu vastugaLa kelasavEnu embudannu tiLiyalu vibhakti pratyayada avaSyakateyilla diruvudE idakke kAraNa.
(5)nE vAkyakke ‘kaTTisiddu maneyannu’ emba artha baraballudallade ‘kaTTisiddu rAjuvannu’ emba artha baruvudu kaShTasAdhya. (6)nE vAkya dallU hIgeyE.
vAkyadalli baruva nAmapadagaLeraDU vastugaLannu sUcisuttiddalli athavA nAmapadagaLige kriyApadadondigiruva sambandhavannu jAsti spaShTavAgi tiLisabEkiddalli vibhakti pratyayada avaSyakate kanDubandItu. antaha sandabhragaLalli annu pratyaya kANisikoLLuttade.
(7) birugALi maravannu uruLisitu (8)
nanna kay hariyannu etti hiDidide
(7)nE vAkyadalli eraDu nAmapadagaLU vastugaLannu sUcisuttive. hAgAgi, avugaLalli bAdhitavAgiruva nAmapadadondige annu pratyaya vannu baLasabEkAgide. idakke badalu (8)nE vAkyadalli ondu nAmapada (kante) vyaktiyannu sUcisuttiddu innondu vastuvannu sUcisuttide yAdarU, averaDara naDuve bAdhitavAgiruvudu vyaktiyAda kAraNa, adarondige annu pratyayavannu baLasabEkAgide.
kannaDadalli I rIti avaSyaviruvalli mAtra vibhakti pratyayavannu baLasi avaSyavilladalli avannu baLasadiralu sAdhyavide. Adare samskxta dalli avaSyavirali athavA illadirali, vAkyadalli nAmapadavannu baLasu vallella adarondige khaDDAyavAgiyU vibhakti pratyayavannu baLasalE bEkemba niyamavide.
mEle sUcisida hAge, samskxtadalli vacana mattu vibhaktigaLannu sUcisalu kannaDada hAge bEre bEre pratyayagaLilladiruvudE idakke mukhya kAraNa. vibhaktiyannu sUcisabEkAgilladallU vacanavannu sUcisa bEkAguttadeyAda kAraNa, vibhakti pratyayavannu avaSyavilladallU baLasa bEkAguttade.
8.5 pratyayagaLa sankhye
kannaDa mattu samskxta bhAShegaLa naDuve vibhakti pratyayagaLa sankhyeyallU bahaLa vyatyAsavide. samskxtadalli eShTu vibhaktigaLiveyO aShTE kannaDadallU irabEkendu kannaDada vayyAkaraNigaLu bhAvisiruvantide. idakkAgi rAmana deseyinda embantaha kannaDada padakanteyannU avaru vibhaktirUpavendu parigaNisiddAre.
Adare nijakkU vibhaktigaLa sankhye bhASheyinda bhAShege bhinnavAgiralu sAdhya. ondE ondu vibhakti pratyayavannU baLasada bhAShegaLU halavive. samskxtakkinta eShTO jAsti, endare hattippattu vibhakti pratyayagaLiruva bhAShegaLU kelavive. udAharaNegAgi, urAlik bhAShAkuTumbakke sErida permyAk bhASheyalli oTTu 28 vibhakti pratyayagaLive! vAkyadalli baruva nAmapadagaLannu (illavE nAmapadakantegaLannu) kriyApadadondige sambandhisuvudE vibhakti pratyayagaLa mukhya kelasa vembudannu nAvu mEle nODiruvevu. Adare I kelasavannu vibhakti pratyayagaLa mUlakavE mADabEkendEnU niyamavilla. bEre sAdhana
gaLannu baLasiyU nAmapadagaLige kriyApadadondige entaha sambandha videyembudannu sUcisalu sAdhyavide.
udAharaNegAgi, ingliSh bhASheyalli I kelasavannu ondu nAmapada vAkyadalli kriyApadada modalu bandideyE athavA anantara bandideyE emba viShayavU naDesaballudu.
‘rAju hariyannu dUDida’
(9R) Hari pushed Raju
‘rAjuvannu hari dUDida’
(9ka-kha) ingliSh vAkyagaLalli ‘yAru dUDiddu’ embudannu Thiush ‘dUDu’ kriyApadada modalu bandiruva nAmapada gurutisuttade mattu ‘yArannu dUDiddu’ embudannu adara anantara bandiruva nAmapada gurutisuttade. (9ka) vAkyadalli khaciriu nAmapada kriyApadada modalu bandideyAda kAraNa, dUDidavanu rAju; idakke badalu, (9kha) vAkyadalli UciDii nAmapada modalu bandideyAda kAraNa, dUDidavanu hari.
Adare I ingliSh vAkyagaLa keLage koTTiruva eraDu kannaDa vAkyagaLallU ‘yAru dUDiddu’ embudannu vibhakti pratyayavillada nAmapada sUcisuttade mattu ‘yArannu dUDiddu’ embudannu dvitIyA vibhaktiyalliruva nAmapada sUcisuttade. ingliShna hAge avu yAva jAgadalli bandive embudakke I arthavannu koDuva Sakti kannaDadallilla.
idE kelasavannu naDesalu munDAri bhASheyalli bErondu vyavasthe baLakeyallide. I bhASheya kriyApadagaLallEnE avu sUcisuva ghaTane yalli toDagikonDiruva vyaktigaLannu gurutisalu kelavu AkhyAta pratyaya gaLu baLakeyAguttave. I pratyayagaLa jAgavE avakkU kriyApadakkU naDuve entaha sambandhavide embudannu tiLisuttade.
(10) dal-ked-ko-a-e
hoDe-bhUtakAla-avaru-kriyApada-avanu ‘avanu avarige hoDeda’
(10)nE vAkyadalli ondu kriyApada mAtra bandideyAdarU adakke ondu iDI vAkyada arthavide. adaralli bandiruva dal ‘hoDe’ embudu ghaTaneyannu sUcisuvudAdare, adara anantara bandiruva ked pratyaya bhUtakAlavannU, ko ‘avaru’ pratyaya hoDedudu yArige embudannU, e ‘avanu’ pratyaya hoDedudu yAru embu dannU tiLisuttave.
ko mattu e emba I eraDu pratyayagaLa jAgavE avugaLalli hoDeyuva vyaktiyannu sUcisuva pratyaya yAvudu mattu hoDeta tinda vyaktiyannu sUcisuva pratyaya yAvudu emba viShayavannu spaShTapaDisuttade.
kannaDadalli annu, inda, ge mattu alli emba nAlku vibhakti pratyayagaLu mAtra baLakeyallive. ivugaLannu dvitIyA, txtIyA, caturthI mattu saptamigaLendu kareyuvudu rUDhi.
samskxtada I hesarugaLu kannaDada maTTige aShTondu txptikara vAgillavembudannu mEle (8.2)ralli nODiruvevu. artha mattu baLake gaLa maTTigU samskxtadalli I hesarininda gurutisalAguva vibhaktigaLigU kannaDada vibhaktigaLigU naDuve halavu mukhyavAda vyatyAsagaLive.
Adare, I pustakada Odugarige samskxta hesarugaLE rUDhiyAgive yAda kAraNa, anavaSyakavAgi avaralli gondalavunTAgada hAge A hesarugaLannE illU baLasalAgide. samskxta mattu kannaDa bhAShegaLa naDuve vibhaktigaLa arthadalli mattu baLakegaLalli kANisuva vyatyAsagaLannu pariSIlisuvudara mUlaka avugaLa sankhyeyallU vyatyAsa hEge kANisi koLLuttade embudannu I keLage vivarisalAgide.
8.5.1 prathamA vibhakti
samskxtadalliruva hAge kannaDadalli prathamA vibhaktiyembudilla. idakke mukhyavAgi eraDu viShayagaLannu kAraNagaLendu parigaNisabahudu.
(1) kannaDadalli vibhakti pratyayagaLannu avaSyaviddalli mAtra baLasi, avaSyavilladalli avannu baLasadiralu sAdhyavide, Adare samskxtadalli idu sAdhyavilla.
(2) samskxtadalli vibhakti pratyayagaLu vibhaktiyannu mAtravallade, nAmapadada linga mattu vacanagaLannU sUcisuttave, Adare kannaDadalli vibhakti pratyayagaLu vibhaktiyannu mAtra, endare nAmapadakkU kriyA padakkU naDuviruva sambandhavannu mAtra sUcisuttave.
I eraDu kAraNagaLigAgi samskxtakke prathamA emba vibhakti pratyaya bEkAguttade, Adare kannaDakke bEkAguvudilla. prathamA vibhaktiyannu baLasabEkAgiruva sandabhragaLalli kannaDada nAmapadagaLu yAva pratyaya vannU paDeyade hAgeyE baLakeyAguttave.
kannaDada vayyAkaraNigaLu samskxtada hAge kannaDadallU prathamA vibhaktiyembudirabEku embudAgi bhAvisiruva kAraNa adakke anurUpa vAda ondu pratyayavannu huDukabEkAgide. haLegannaDadalli m (sonne illavE anusvAra)vannu mattu hosagannaDadalli u embudannu idakkAgi ArisikoLLalAgide.
Adare ivu akArAnta padagaLondige mAtra baruvuvAda kAraNa, uLida kaDegaLalli prathamA vibhakti pratyaya lOpa honduttadeyendu avaru hELabEkAgide. idallade, hosagannaDadalli akArAnta padagaLU intaha ukAravannu paDeyade baraballuvAda kAraNa, allU pratyaya lOpavannu kANabEkAgide.
(11ka) huDuganu manege hOgiddAne (11kha) huDuga manege hOgiddAne (12ka) ?tAyiyu aDuge mADuttiddALe (12kha) tAyi aDuge mADuttiddALe
kannaDadalli sAmAnyavAgi mEle (kha) vAkyagaLalli koTTiruvantaha prayOgagaLE jAsti embudannu illi gamanisabahudu.
SAstrIya granthagaLalli baLakeyAguva kannaDadalli vibhakti pratyaya villade baruva nAmapadagaLa munde (avu akAradalli mAtravallade itara svaragaLalli konegonDiveyAdarU) vyAkaraNavu, pratyayavu, hariyu embudAgi ukAravannu sErisi hELuvudu svalpa jAsti.
idakke kAraNavEnendare, intaha baravaNigegaLalli kliShTavAgiruva vAkyagaLannu baLasuvudu svalpa jAsti. antaha vAkyagaLalli vibhakti pratyaya villade bandiruva nAmapadagaLannu itara padagaLinda (udAharaNegAgi,
innondu nAmapadakanteya angavAgi bandiruva padagaLinda) bEre mADalu I ukAra prayOjanakke baruttade.
8.5.2 dvitIyA vibhakti
kannaDadalli dvitIyA vibhakti pratyayavAda annu embudannu avaSya viddalli mAtra baLasi, avaSyavilladalli nAmapadavannu prakxtirUpa dallEnE baLasalu sAdyavide. Adare samskxtadalli idu sAdhyavilla. dvitIyA vibhakti barabEkAda sandabhragaLallella kaDDAyavAgiyU A pratyayavannu baLasalEbEku emba niyama samskxtadallide (8.4 nODi).
idallade, kannaDa mattu samskxta bhAShegaLa naDuve dvitIyA vibhaktiya baLakeyalli bEreyU kelavu vyatyAsagaLive. (1) ondu calaneya guri yAvudu embudannu sUcisalu samskxtadalli dvitIyA vibhaktiyannu baLasalu sAdhyavide. Adare, kannaDadalli idu sAdhyavilla. intaha sandabhragaLallella kannaDadalli caturthI vibhaktiyannE baLasabEkAguttade.
(13) saH grAmam gacchati (13ka) ‘avanu haLLige hOguttAne’ (13kha) *avanu haLLiyannu hOguttAne
(13)nE samskxta vAkyadalli hOguvudu ellige (haLLige) grAmam sUcisabEkAdalli dvitIyA vibhaktiyannu embudannu ‘haLLiyannu’ emballi baLasalu sAdhyavAgide. Adare kannaDadalli idu asAdhya embudannu vyAkaraNada maTTige sariyallada (13kha) vAkya spaShTapaDisuttade.
(2) yAroDane mAtanADuttiddAne embudannu tiLisuvudakkAgi samskxtadalli dvitIyA vibhaktiyannu baLasalu sAdhya, Adare kannaDadalli idakkAgi caturthI vibhaktiyannu illavE oDane padavannu baLasa bEkAguttadallade dvitIyA vibhaktiyannu baLasalu sAdhyavilla.
(14) saH pitaram uvAca (14ka) ‘avanu tandeyoDane mAtanADida’
(14kha) ‘avanu tandege hELida’ (14ga) *avanu tandeyannu hELida
(14)nE samskxta vAkyadalli yAroDane mAtanADiddu embudannu sUcisalu pitaram ‘tandeyannu’ embudAgi dvitIyA vibhaktiyannu baLasalAgide. Adare kannaDadalli idu sAdhyavilla embudannu vyAkaraNada maTTige sariyallada (14ga) vAkya spaShTapaDisuttade.
(3) samskxtadalli dvitIyA vibhaktiyannu vAkyadalli bandiruva eraDu nAmapadagaLondige, avu bEre bEre vyakti illavE vastugaLannu gurutisuttiddarU, baLasalu sAdhyavide. Adare kannaDadalli idu sAdhya
(15) sUdaH tanDulAn Odanam pacati (15ka) ‘aDugeyavanu akkiyannu bEyisuttAne’ (15kha) ‘aDugeyavanu annavannu bEyisuttAne’ (15ga) *aDugeyavanu akkiyannu annavannu bEyisuttAne (16) bAlA andham gxham nayati (16ka) ‘huDugi kuruDanannu manege karedukonDu hOguttALe’ (16kha) *huDugi kuruDanannu maneyannu karedukonDu hOguttALe (17) indraH karNam kavacam yAcatE (17ka) ‘indranu karNana hattira kavacavannu yAcisuttAne’ (17kha) *indranu karNanannu kavacavannu yAcisuttAne
(15-17) samskxta vAkyagaLalli eraDu bEre bEre nAmapadagaLu dvitIyA vibhaktiyalli bandiruvudannu kANabahudu. Adare ivugaLa kannaDa rUpadalli dvitIyA vibhaktiyannu avugaLalli ondaroDane mAtra baLasalu sAdhyavAgideyallade eraDaroDaneyU baLasalu sAdhyavAgilla embudannu vyAkaraNada maTTige sariyallada (15ga), 16kha) mattu (17kha) vAkyagaLu spaShTapaDisuttave.
(4) samskxtadalli dvitIyA vibhaktige ondu niScitavAda arthavannu koDalu adara vayyAkaraNigaLige sAdhyavAgilla. itara vibhakti pratyaya gaLu sUcisadiruvantaha artha dvitIyeyadu embudAgi adakkondu niShEdha rUpada arthavannaShTE koDalu sAdhyavAgide (tArApOrvAlA
1967 nODi). mEle sUcisida hAge ondE vAkyadalli eraDu kriyA sambandhagaLannu adu sUcisaballudembudU I samasyege ondu kAraNa virabahudu.
Adare kannaDadalli I samasyeyilla. adaralli dvitIyA vibhaktige ondu niScitavAda arthaviddu, adu ghaTaneyondaralli svEccheyinda toDagadiruva mattu innobba vyaktiya kAryadindAgi toDagiruva vyakti, vastu modalAdavugaLannu sUcisuttade. idE arthadalli adannu mEle (8.2)ralli ‘Aguga’ illavE ‘bAdhita’ embudAgi hesarisalAgide.
8.5.3 txtIyA mattu pancamI vibhaktigaLu
samskxtadalli txtIyA mattu pancamI emba eraDu vibhakti pratyaya gaLiddu, kannaDadalli ivakkanuguNavAgi inda emba ondE vibhakti pratyaya baLakeyallide. kannaDada kelavu vayyAkaraNigaLu deseyinda embudannu pancamI vibhakti pratyayavendu karediddArEnO nija. Adare idu ondu nAmapadavallade pratyayavalla.
sEDiyApu deseyinda embudu inda pratyayavannu anTisikonDiruva diSA emba samskxta padada tadbhava rUpa mAtra. rAmana deseyinda embantaha baLakeyalli ondu padakante bandideyallade rAma nAmapadada vibhaktirUpa bandilla. kannaDadalli inda pratyayakkiruva ati mukhyavAda baLakeyundare, calane yAva dikkininda naDeyitu embudAgi calaneya mUlavannu sUcisuvudu.
(1992:164)
kxShNabhaTTaru
hELuva
(18ka) rAju maneyinda banda (18kha) sIte bAviyinda nIrettidaLu (19) rAmu hariyinda pustakavannu kasidukonDa
(18-19)nE vAkyagaLalli kANisuva hAge, inda pratyayakke kannaDa dalli mukhyavAgi apAdAnArtha (illavE apakaShrArtha)viddu, idakke viruddhavAda sampradAnArtha (illavE sahayOgArtha)vannu koDuva Sakti ige (caturthI) pratyayakkide.
yAva dikkininda illavE yAva jAgadinda calane naDeyuttade embudannu inda pratyaya sUcisuttade mattu yAva dikkige illavE jAgakke calane naDeyuttade embudannu ige pratyaya sUcisuttade.
rAju manege hOda
(20) (21) sIte kaTTege nIru suriyuttiddALe (22) huDugaru SAleyinda manege ODidaru
sahayOgArthavannu sUcisuvalli kannaDa mattu samskxta bhAShegaLa naDuviruva I vyatyAsavannu keLage koTTiruva (23)nE vAkyavU spaShTa paDisuttade.
(23) dEvO dEvEbhir Agamat ‘dEvanu dEvategaLondige banda’
idE rItiyalli samAna illavE sadxSa emba arthadallU samskxtadalli txtIyA vibhaktiya prayOgavide. Adare kannaDadalli idakkAgi caturthI vibhaktiya prayOgavide.
(24) anEna sadxSO lOkE na bhUtO na bhaviShyati
‘ivanige sadxSanAdavanu jagattinalli huTTiyU illa, huTTu vudU illa’
(24)nE samskxta vAkyadalli anEna embudu txtIyuyalli bandide, Adare kannaDadalli avanige embudAgi caturthI padarUpada baLakeyAgide. avaninda embudannu illi baLasalu sAdhyavAgadu.
samskxtadalli sahayOgavannu txtIyA vibhakti sUcisuttade mattu viyOgavannu pancamI vibhakti sUcisuttade. Adare kannaDadalli idakke viruddhavAda prayOgaviddu, txtIyA vibhakti viyOgavannu sUcisu
(25) vxkShAt phalam patati
‘maradinda haNNu bILuttade’
(26) aham asmAt vanAt gantumicchAmi
‘nanage I kADininda (horage) hOgabEku’
(25)nE samskxta vAkyadalli pancamiya vxkShAt padarUpa bandide; Adare kannaDadalli txtIyuya maradinda embudu bandide. idE rItiyalli (26)nE samskxta vAkyadalli pancamiya asmAt vanAt padakante bandide; Adare kannaDadalli txtIyuya I kADininda padakante bandide.
kannaDadalli I rIti inda pratyayakke viyOgavE mukhyavAda ArthavAda kAraNa, adannu txtIyA endu kareyuva badalu pancamI endu kareyuvudE yOgya embudAgi sEDiyApu kxShNabhaTTaru (1992:178) vAdisiddAre.
samskxtadalli txtIyA vibhaktiyannu karaNArthadallU baLasuva kramavide. kannaDadallU karaNavannu sUcisuvudakkAgi inda vibhaktiya baLakeyE baruttadeyundu bhAvisi kannaDada vayyAkaraNigaLu adannu txtIyA vibhaktiyendu karediddAre.
Adare nijakkU idu sariyalla. kxShNabhaTTaru (1992) tOrisi koTTiruva hAge, kannaDadalli karaNArthakke saptamiyannu baLasuvudE jAsti (8.5.6 nODi).
8.5.4 caturthI vibhakti
samskxtadalli calaneya guri illavE uddESakke sambandhisida hAge dvitIyA (8.5.2 nODi), caturthI mattu saptamI emba I mUru vibhaktigaLannU baLasalu sAdhyavide. Adare kannaDadalli intaha sandabhra gaLalli caturthiyannu mAtra baLasalu sAdhya.
(27ka) rAmaH grAmam gacchati
‘rAma Urige hOguttAne’
(27kha) rAmaH grAmAya gacchati
‘rAma Urige (Urina kaDegAgi) hOguttAne’
(27ga) rAmaH grAmE gacchati
‘rAma Urige hOguttAne (hOgi Urannu sEruttAne)’
samskxtada grAma pada (27ka) vAkyadalli dvitIyeyalli, (27kha) vAkyadalli caturthiyalli mattu (27ga) vAkyadalli saptamiyalli bandide. Adare kannaDada Uru pada mElina mUru vAkyagaLallU caturthI vibhaktiyallE bandide.
samskxtadalli sampradAna ‘koDuvudu’ embudE caturthI vibhaktiya mukhyavAda artha embudAgi vidvAmsaru hELuttAre. Adare kannaDadalli I vibhaktige calaneya guri (illavE kone)yannu sUcisuvudE mukhya vAda artha. adu txtIyA vibhaktiya viruddha nilluttade mAtravalla, txtIyA vibhaktiyondige sEri saptamI vibhaktiya viruddhavU nilluttade.
kannaDadalli txtIyA mattu caturthI vibhaktigaLa baLakeyalli calaneya artha baruttade, saptamiya baLakeyalli baruvudilla. Adare, samskxtadalli calaneya artha caturthI vibhaktiyalli mAtravallade saptamI vibhaktiyallU baraballudu (27ga nODi).
8.5.5 ShaShThI vibhakti
kannaDada a pratyayavannu ShaShThI vibhaktiyendu kareyuva rUDhiyide. Adare nijakkU adu kannaDadalli vibhakti pratyayavAgi baLakeyallilla. I viShayadallU kannaDa samskxtakkinta bhinnavAgide.
a pratyayada mUlaka kannaDadalli ondu nAmapadavannu innondu nAmapadadondige sambandhisalu sAdhyavideyallade kriyApadadondige sambandhisalu sAdhyavAgadu. hAgAgi adu kannaDadalli vibhakti pratyaya valla.
Adare samskxtadalli ShaShThI pratyaya ondu vibhaktiyE. yAkendare, A pratyayada mUlaka nAmapadagaLannu kriyApadadondigU nEravAgi sambandhisalu samskxtadalli sAdhyavide. udAharaNegAgi keLage koTTiruva (28-30) samskxta vAkyagaLannu pariSIlisabahudu.
(28) nEyam mama mahI dulrabhaH
‘nanage I bhUmiyannu gelluvudu kaShTavalla’
(29) bhImasya anukariShyAmi (29ka) ‘(nAnu) bhImanannu anukarisuttEne’ (29kha) *nAnu bhImana anukarisuttEne’ (30) mama prItiH sanjAtaH
(30ka) ‘nanage prItiyunTAyitu’ (30kha) *nanna prItiyunTAyitu’
(28-30) samskxta vAkyagaLalli nAmapadagaLa ShaShThI rUpagaLannu (mama mattu bhImasya embavugaLannu) nEravAgi kriyApadagaLondige sambandhisalu baLasalAgide. Adare avugaLa keLage koTTiruva kannaDa vAkyagaLalli I rIti ShaShThI rUpagaLannu baLasalu sAdhyavAgilla.
(28) mattu (30)nE vAkyagaLalli ShaShThI vibhaktiyalliruva samskxtada mama ‘nanna’ padarUpakke badalAgi kannaDadalli caturthI vibhaktiyalliruva nanage rUpavU (29)nE vAkyadalli ShaShThI vibhaktiyalliruva samskxtada bhImasya ‘bhImana’ padarUpakke badalAgi kannaDadalli dvitIyA vibhaktiyalliruva bhImanannu rUpavU bandiruvudannu gamanisabahudu.
I mUru baLakegaLallU samskxtadalli nAmapadavannu kriyApada dondige sambandhisuvudakkAgi adara ShaShThI rUpavannu baLasalu sAdhyavAgide. Adare kannaDadalli hIge sambandhisalu ShaShThIrUpavannu (nanna illavE bhImana embavugaLannu) baLasuva badalu caturthi illavE dvitIyA rUpavannu baLasabEkAgide. kannaDadalli I kelasakkAgi ShaShThI rUpavannu baLasalu sAdhyavAgadu.
hAgAgi, kannaDadalli a pratyayavannu baLasi tayArisida ShaShThI rUpavannu ondu ‘vibhakti’ rUpavendu parigaNisuvudu sariyalla. ondu nAmapadavannu innondu nAmapadadondige sambandhisuvudakkAgi A nAmapadavannu adara ‘viSEShaNa’ rUpakke badalAyisuvudE kannaDadalli I ShaShThI pratyayakkiruva kelasa.
samskxtadalli viSEShaNavembudillavAda kAraNa adakke nAmapadavannu viSEShaNarUpakke parivartisuva pratyayada avaSyakateyilla. sAmAnyavAgi ondu nAmapadavannu innondu nAmapadadondige sambandhisalu samskxtadalli averaDannU ondE vibhaktiyalli baLasuvudu krama (3.2.2 nODi).
kannaDa mattu samskxta bhAShegaLa naDuviruva I vyatyAsavannu keLagina (31)nE vAkyadalli kANabahudu.
(31) mxttikam ghaTam Anaya ‘maNNina koDavannu tA’
(31)nE samskxta vAkyadalli mxttika mattu ghaTa emba eraDu nAmapadagaLu ondE vibhaktiyalli (dvitIyeyalli) bandiddu avu ondaroDanondu sambandhisive. Adare kannaDadalli modalaneyadu ShaShThiyalli bandiddu, A pratyayada mUlaka adu eraDaneyadarondige sambandhiside.
nAmapadagaLeraDannu samskxta bhASheyallU ShaShThI vibhaktiya mUlaka sambandhisalu sAdhyavide. Adare, avayavagaLu, svAmya, nanTu, modalAda kelavu viSiShTavAda sambandhagaLannu mAtra I rIti ShaShThiya mUlaka sambandhisalu sAdhya.
(32) mama pustakam iha asti
‘nanna pustaka illi ide’
(33) paSUnAm rAjA simhaH ‘paSugaLa rAja simha’
(34) saH mama pitxH bhrAtA
‘avanu nanna tandeya aNNa’
idakke badalu, eraDu nAmapadagaLa naDuve entaha sambandha gaLannella kalpisalu sAdhyavO avellavannU kannaDadalli a pratyayada mUlaka sambandhisabahudu. idallade kelavu guNapadagaLannU kannaDadalli I pratyayada mUlaka nAmapadadondige sambandhisalu sAdhyavide (dappada halige, ettarada gODe, kOpada huDugi, eLeya miDi).
kannaDada a pratyayakkU kannaDaddE Ada annu, inda, ge mattu alli ‘vibhakti’ pratyayagaLigU naDuve halavu vyatyAsagaLive. ivannella pariSIlisidAga nijakkU kannaDadalli a pratyaya yAke ondu vibhakti pratyayavalla emba viShaya spaShTavAguttade. (1) kannaDada a pratyaya guNapadagaLannu mattu kriyApadagaLa kxdanta rUpagaLannu hOluttade. I mUrU kannaDadalli nAmapadagaLa viSEShaNagaLAgi baraballa pada(rUpa)gaLembudannu illi gamanisabahudu.
guNapada
doDDa mane
kxdantarUpa a pratyaya murida mane arasana mane
kappu kallu udda hagga huccu nAyi hasida nAyi
bidda kallu kaTTida hagga
guDDada kallu hullina hagga namma nAyi
(2) ‘mattu’ emba arthavannu koDuva U pratyayavannu kannaDadalli ellA vibhaktirUpagaLondigU baLasalu sAdhyavide (maneyannU, mane yindalU, manegU, maneyallU); Adare a pratyayaviruva nAma padagaLondige adannu baLasalu sAdhyavAgadu.
idE rItiyalli guNapadagaLondigAgali illavE kriyApadagaLa kxdanta rUpadondigAgali I pratyayavannu baLasalu sAdhyavAgadu. I viShayadallU a pratyayaviruva nAmapadagaLa baLake guNapada mattu kxdantagaLa hAgideyallade, vibhaktirUpagaLa baLakeya hAgilla.
(3) illi nAvu mukhyavAgi gamanisabEkAgiruva viShayavEnendare, guNapadagaLu, kriyApadagaLa kxdanta rUpagaLu mattu nAmapadagaLa ShaShThI rUpa ivu mUrU kannaDadalli padakantegaLannu tayArisu vudakkAgi mAtravE baLakeyAguttave. avu nEravAgi vAkyagaLannu tayArisuvalli baLakeyAguvudilla. idakke badalu, annu, inda, ge mattu alli pratyayagaLu nEravAgi vAkyagaLannu tayArisuvalli baLake yAguttave.
padakantegaLa tayArikeyumbudu vAkyagaLa tayArikeginta keLagina stara dalli baruva vyAkaraNa kArya. kannaDada ShaShThI pratyaya I keLagina staradalli mAtravE baraballudu.
idakke badalu, annu, inda modalAda vibhakti pratyayagaLu adakkinta mEliruva vAkyaracaneya staradalli baLakeyAguttave. hAgAgi, kannaDada ShaShThI pratyayavannu itara ‘vibhakti’ pratyayagaLondige ondE gumpinalli irisi hELuvudu sariyalla.
8.5.6 saptamI vibhakti
saptamI vibhakti pratyaya samskxta mattu kannaDagaLeraDarallU baLake yAguttade. Adare adara baLakeyalli I eraDu bhAShegaLa naDuve kelavu mukhyavAda vyatyAsagaLive.
(1) mEle (8.5.4ralli) sUcisida hAge, samskxtadalli saptamiya mUlaka ondu calaneya kone yAvudu (yAva jAgadalli calane
muktAyavAyitu) embudannu sUcisalu sAdhya; Adare kannaDadalli idakkAgi caturthiyannu baLasabEkAguttade.
(35) purEShu prEShayAmAsa dUtAn ‘dUtarannu nagaragaLige kaLuhisida’
(35)nE samskxta vAkyadalli saptamiya purEShu ‘nagaragaLalli’ bandide; Adare kannaDadalli caturthiya nagaragaLige bandide.
(2) kannaDadalli saptamiyannu baLasabEkiddalli adu calaneya jAga vAgirabEkallade koneyAgirabAradu. saptamigU caturthigU naDuve kannaDadalliruva I vyatyAsavannu keLagina vAkyagaLalli kANabahudu.
(36ka) rAju kADige ODida (36kha) rAju kADinalli ODida
ODuva calane kADina dikkigAgi endare kADinalli konegoLLuvante naDedideyAdare, (36ka)dalli kANisidante kannaDadalli caturthiyannu baLasabEkAguttade; adu kADinoLagEnE (endare kADu A calaneya jAgavAgiruvante) naDedideyAdare (36kha)dalli kANisidante saptami yannu baLasabEkAguttade.
(3) kannaDada innondu vaySiShTyavEnendare, ghaTaneyalli baLake yAguva karaNa, dravya, kAla modalAda bEre kelavu sambandhagaLannu sUcisuvudakkAgiyU adaralli saptamiyannu baLasalu sAdhyavide.
(37) rAju camacadalli UTa mADida (38) jAnaki ondu mUtriyannu maNNinalli mADidaLu (38) Ake aydE miniTinalli UTa mugisidaLu
(4) samskxtadalli saptamI vibhaktiyannu ellA rItiya nAmapada gaLondigU ‘jAga’ emba arthadalli baLasalu sAdhyavide. Adare kannaDadalli manuShyarannu sUcisuva padagaLondige adannu I arthadalli baLasalu sAdhyavilla.
(39) pavrEShu prEShayAmAsa dUtAn
‘pavrarallige dUtarannu kaLuhisida’ tasmin khaDgEna praharan munav ‘avanu munige khaDgadalli hoDeda’
(40)
samskxtada (39)nE vAkyadalli pavrEShu ‘pavraralli’ embudAgi manuShyarannu sUcisuva padavondu nEravAgi saptamI vibhaktiyalli bandide. Adare, kannaDadalli I rIti saptamI rUpavannu mAtravE baLasalu sAdhyavAgadu.
(39)nE vAkyada kannaDa anuvAdadalli pavrarallige embudu bandide. idaralli jAgavannu sUcisuvudakkAgi allige padavannu baLasa lAgiddu, adarondige pavraru padavannu sambandhisuvudakkAgi adara viSEShaNa rUpavannu (pavrara emba a pratyayavannu sErisiruva rUpa vannu) baLasalAgide.
idakke badalu, (40)nE vAkyada kannaDa anuvAdadalli saptamiya badalu caturthiyannu (munige embudannu) baLasalAgide.
kannaDadalli manuShyarannu sUcisuva padagaLondige baruva saptamI vibhaktige nEravAgi jAgada arthavilla. rAmanalli endare rAmana baLiyalli emba artha mAtra baruttade.
kannaDadalli baLakeyAguva nAlku vibhakti pratyayagaLige entaha baLakegaLella ive embudannu kUlankaSavAgi pariSIlisuva kelasa innU naDedilla. samskxtada vibhaktigaLannu mattu avugaLa baLakegaLannu kannaDa dallU kANuva prayatnavaShTE naDedide.
samskxtakkinta kannaDa I viShayadalli tIra bhinnavAgiralu sAdhya embudannu gamanadallirisikonDu kannaDada vibhaktigaLannu nEravAgi pariSIlisidalli mAtra kannaDa vibhaktigaLa nijavAda svarUpa entahadu emba viShaya spaShTavAdItu.
8.6 tiruLu
kannaDa mattu samskxta bhAShegaLa naDuve vibhakti pratyayagaLa sankhye, avugaLa artha mattu avugaLa baLake - ivelladarallU halavAru rItiya vyatyAsagaLive. samskxtada vyAkaraNa niyamagaLannu hAgeyE kannaDakke aLavaDisalu prayatnisuva mUlaka kannaDa vyAkaraNada nijavAda svarUpa entahadu embudannu vivarisi hELalu sAdhyavAgadu.
idallade, kannaDada vibhaktigaLige dvitIyA, txtIyA, caturthI mattu saptamI emba kannaDada maTTige arthahInavAgiruva hesarugaLannu koDuva badalu, kannaDadalli avugaLigiruva mukhyavAda baLakeyentahadu embudannu sUcisuva Aguga, suru, kone mattu jAga emba (illavE antahavE bEre) hesarugaLannu koTTalli A hesarugaLannu kaliyuva mattu baLasuva kelasa sulabhavAgaballudu.
kannaDadalli prathamA vibhaktiyembudilla. dvitIyeyannu avaSyaviddAga mAtra baLasuva anukUlate kannaDadallide. txtIyA, caturthI mattu saptamigaLu kannaDadalli mukhyavAgi jAgavannu sUcisuttiddu, avugaLalli modalaneya eraDu vibhaktigaLu calanege sambandhisida jAgavannu sUcisu ttave mattu mUraneyadu bariya jAgavannu sUcisuttade.
txtIyeginta bhinnavAda pancamiyemba vibhakti kannaDadallilla. samskxta vibhaktigaLa arthakke hOlisidevAdare kannaDada txtIyeyannu pancamiyendu kareyuvudE oLLeyadu.
kannaDadalli baLakeyAguva ShaShThI pratyayakke vibhaktiyAgi baLakeyilla. yAkendare, adu eraDu nAmapadagaLa naDuvina sambandhavannu sUcisu ttadeyallade nAmapada mattu kriyApada naDuviruva sambandhavannu sUcisuvudilla.