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5. samAsagaLu
5.1 munnOTa
kannaDa vayyAkaraNigaLalli heccinavarU kannaDa samAsagaLannu varNisuva sandabhradalli modalige samskxta samAsagaLu yAvuvu embudannu varNisuttAre. anantara avakkinta bhinnavAgiruvantaha yAva samAsagaLu kannaDadallive embudannu tiLisalu prayatnisuttAre. samskxtada samAsaga LellavU kannaDadalli hEgiddarU iddE iruttave athavA iddE irabEku emba bhAvane avaralliruva hAge tOruttade.
Adare I abhiprAyakke yAva AdhAravU illa. kannaDa bhAShe samskxtakkinta tIra bhinnavAgiddu, adaralli baLakeyAguva samAsagaLa racane samskxta samAsagaLa racaneginta bahaLa bhinnavAdudu. kannaDadavE Ada padagaLige mAtravalla, samskxtadinda eravalAgi banda padagaLigU kannaDadalli kannaDaddE Ada oLaracaneyiruttade. hAgAgi, antaha pada gaLigU samskxta vayyAkaraNigaLu koDuva oLaracaneyannu kannaDadalli koDalu sAdhyavAgadu. samskxta samAsagaLannu hAgeyE kannaDa vyAkaraNadoLakke tandu turukisiruvudu kannaDa vayyAkaraNigaLu mADiruva ondu tappAdare, kannaDadalli samAsa mattu padakantegaLa naDuve vyatyAsavideyumbudannu gamanisadiruvudu innondu tappu. idakkU I vayyAkaraNigaLu bahaLa maTTige samskxta vyAkaraNagaLannu avalambisiruvudE mukhya kAraNa.
samAsa mattu padakantegaLa naDuviruva vyatyAsa kannaDadalliruva hAge samskxtadallilla. I viShayavannu gamanisade, samskxtada pada racaneya niyamagaLannu hAgeyE kannaDakke aLavaDisuvudara mUlaka I vayyAkaraNigaLu A huDuga, satta hAvu, kanasu kANu modalAda padakantegaLannu samAsagaLendu bhramisi varNisuttAre mattu kannaDadalli illada gamakasamAsa, kriyAsamAsa modalAdavugaLannu I udAharaNe gaLalli kANuttAre.
samAsagaLa maTTige kannaDa samskxtakkinta hEge bhinnavAgide, mattu hAge adu bhinnavAgiralu kAraNavEnu embudannu keLagina vibhAgagaLalli svalpa vivaravAgi pariSIlisalAguvudu. Adare adakke modalu samAsa vendarEnu, adakkU padakantegU naDuviruva vyatyAsagaLentahavu embu dannu tiLidukoLLuvudu avaSya.
5.2 jODupadagaLu mattu padakantegaLu
‘samAsa’ emba padavannu eraDu arthagaLalli baLasuva krama vyAkaraNa gaLallide. vUdalaneyadAgi, eraDu padagaLannu oTTu sErisi ondE padavannAgi mADalu baLasuva vyAkaraNa vidhAnavannu (illavE vyAkaraNa kriyeyannu) samAsavendu kareyalAguttade.
tatpuruSha, karmadhAraya, bahuvrIhi modalAdavugaLu intaha vyAkaraNakriyegaLannu sUcisuvuvAda kAraNa, avu samAsagaLu. samskxta dalli nAlku illavE Aru samAsagaLive emba mAtinalli samAsa pada I arthadalli baLakeyAgide.
eraDaneyadAgi, intaha vyAkaraNa kriyeya mUlaka tayArAgiruva padagaLannU samAsavemba hesarininda kareyalAguttade. udAharaNegAgi, samskxtada kxShNasapraH padavannu karmadhArayavemba ondu samAsa kriyeya mUlaka tayArisalAgideyAda kAraNa, adannU samAsavendu kareyuva paddhatiyide.
Adare I rIti ondE pAribhAShika padavannu eraDu arthagaLalli baLasuvudarinda svalpa maTTige gondalavunTAgalu sAdhyavide. hAgAgi, I pustakadalli ‘samAsa’ emba padavannu mEle vivarisiruva vyAkaraNa kriyeyannu hesarisalu mAtravE baLasalAgide.
antaha kriyeyinda tayArAgiruva padagaLannu hesarisalu ‘jODu pada’ emba bEreyE ondu padavannu baLasalAgide. samskxtadalli idakke ‘samastapada’ emba hesarU ide. eraDu padagaLannu oTTu sErisi ondE padavannAgi mADi baLasidare adannu ondu jODupadavendU, eraDu padagaLannu bEre bErAgi, AdarU ondu ghaTakavannAgi mADi baLasidare adannu ondu padakanteyendU hELabahudu.
udAharaNegAgi, kaggallu embudu ondu jODupada, Adare kappukallu embudu ondu padakante. modalaneyadaralli kappu padavannu (adara kag rUpavannu) kallu emba innondu padadondige sErisi ondE padavannAgi mADalAgide. Adare eraDaneyadaralli (kappukallu embudaralli) avannu A rIti oTTu sErisade bEre bEre padagaLAgiyE uLisalAgide.
kappukallu embudaralli I rIti kappu mattu kallu padagaLu eraDu bEre bEre padagaLAgi uLidiveyAdarU avu oTTige vAkyada ondu ‘ghaTaka’vAgi baLakeyAgiruttave. I kAraNakkAgi kappukallu embudannu ondu padakanteyundu kareyalAguttade.
kaggallu embudaralli kappu pada kag emba rUpakke badalAgide. Adare I rIti badalAguvudu jODupadada racanege avaSyavEnU alla. udAharaNegAgi, aDDadAri padadalli angavAgi bandiruva eraDu padagaLU badalAgade hAgeyE uLidive. hIgiddarU kannaDadalli adu ondu jODupadavallade padakanteyalla.
ondu padakanteya arthavannu adara angagaLAgi bandiruva padagaLa arthada sahAyadinda sampUrNavAgi nirdharisalu sAdhyavide. Adare ondu jODupadada arthavannu A rIti adara angagaLAgi bandiruva padagaLa arthada sahAyadinda sampUrNavAgi nirdharisalu sAdhyavAgadu. idu I eraDu rItiya ghaTakagaLa naDuviruva eraDaneya vyatyAsa.
udAharaNegAgi, kaggallu embudu kappu(kag) mattu kallu emba eraDu padagaLa jODaNeyinda siddhavAgide. Adare adu ellA rItiya kappu baNNada kallugaLannU gurutisuvudilla, ondu viSiShTavAda jAtige sErida kallugaLannu mAtra gurutisuttade. idakke badalu, kappukallu padakante ellA rItiya kappubaNNada kallugaLannU gurutisaballudu.
jODupadada arthavannu tiLiyalu rUDhiyalli adu yAva arthadalli baLakeyAguttade illavE rUDhiyalli entaha vyakti athavA vastuvannu adu gurutisuttade embudannu tiLidukoLLabEkAguttade. udAharaNegAgi kaggallu pada yAva rItiya kallugaLannu gurutisuttade embudannu rUDhiya baLakeyinda mAtravE tiLidukoLLalu sAdhya.
jODupada mattu padakantegaLa naDuviruva I eraDu vyatyAsa gaLannu ellA rItiya jODupada mattu padakantegaLa naDuveyU spaShTa
vAgi kANalu sAdhyavAgadirabahudu. Adare heccineDegaLallU averaDannu I vyatyAsagaLa sahAyadinda pratyEkisalu sAdhyavide.
idallade, jODupada mattu padakantegaLa naDuve vAkyadalli avu yAva rItiyalli baLakeyAguttave emba viShayadalliyU vyatyAsavide. hindina adhyAyadalli vivarisida hAge, vyakti, vastu modalAduvannu gurutisuva kelasavannu I eraDu rItiya ghaTakagaLU naDesaballu vAdarU, idakkAgi jODupadagaLu ‘hesarisuva’ vidhAnavannu baLasuttave mattu padakantegaLu ‘varNisuva’ vidhAnavannu baLasuttave.
I vyatyAsakke jODupada mattu padakantegaLa naDuviruva eraDaneya (arthakke sambandhisida) vyatyAsavE mukhya kAraNa. varNisuva vidhAnada mUlaka vyakti, vastu modalAduvannu gurutisabEkiddalli varNisalu baLasuva ghaTakada arthavannu sampUrNavAgi adara oLa racaneya sahAyadinda tiLidukoLLalu sAdhyavirabEku. jODupadagaLa arthavannu I rIti paDeyalu sAdhyavillavAda kAraNa avu varNisuva vidhAnadalli baLakeyAgalAravu.
jODupadavannu ondu cAritrika sxShTi endu kareyabahudu. yAvudAdarU ondu vastuvannu gurutisalu (hesarisalu) bhASheyalli padavilladiruvAga, illavE iruva pada nenapige bAradiruvAga, hosa padavondannu tayArisalu janaru samAsavemba I vyAkaraNa kriyeyannu baLasuttAre. I kriyeya mUlaka tayArAgiruva pada anantara itarara mAtinallU sErikonDu rUDhige bandAga mAtra adu bhASheya pada venisaballudu.
Adare padakantegaLu A rItiyavalla. bhASheyannu baLasuvAga avannu bEkAda hAge hosadAgi tayArisikonDu baLasalAguttade.
I kAraNakkAgi, ondu bhASheya arthakOSavannu tayArisuvAga adaralli A bhASheya ellA jODupadagaLannU koDuva avaSyakateyide; Adare ellA padakantegaLannU koDuva avaSyakateyilla; hAge koDalu sAdhyavU Agadu. yAkendare, ondu bhASheyalliruva jODupadagaLa sankhye cikkadu. Adare padakantegaLa sankhye bahaLa doDDadu. adu ananta endE hELalU sAdhyavide.
5.3 samskxta mattu kannaDa bhAShegaLa naDuvina vyatyAsa
jODupadagaLa viShayadalli samskxta mattu kannaDa bhAShegaLa naDuve halavu vyatyAsagaLive. ivannu sariyAgi tiLidukoLLade samskxtada ellA samAsagaLannU kannaDadalli kANalu naDesida kannaDa vayyAkaraNigaLa prayatna halavu rItiya gondalagaLige eDemADide.
samskxta mattu kannaDa bhAShegaLa naDuviruva I vyatyAsagaLalli mukhyavAda kelavannu keLage vivarisalAgide.
5.3.1 samskxtada jODupadagaLu
samskxtadalli mEle (5.2)ralli tiLisiruvantaha jODupada mattu padakantegaLa naDuve kANisabEkAda vyatyAsagaLu bahaLa maTTige aLidu hOgive. A bhAShe dinanityada vyAvahArika bhASheyAgi uLiyade sumAru eraDu sAvira vaShragaLindalU bariya kAvyagaLa mattu SAstragaLa bhASheyAgi mAtravE uLidukonDiruvudE idakke kAraNavira bEku.
eraDu padagaLannu oTTu sErisidoDane samskxtadalli ondu jODupada (samastapada) siddhavAgibiDuttade. anantara averaDu ondE padavAgi A bhASheyalli rUDhige barabEkAda avaSyakateyE illa.
hAgAgi, jODupada mattu padakantegaLa naDuvina vyatyAsa samskxta dalli mukhyavAgi vibhakti pratyayagaLu yAva jAgagaLallella baraballuvu embudara mEle avalambiside. ondu ghaTakada angagaLAgi baruva padagaLellavU vibhaktipratyayadondige baruttaveyAdare adondu padakante mattu koneya anga mAtra vibhaktipratyayadondige baruttade yAdare adondu jODupada embudAgi samskxtadalli ondu niyamavannu mADalu sAdhyavide.
I niyamakke kelavu apavAdagaLiveyAdarU sAdhAraNavAgi samskxtadalli vibhaktipratyaya lOpavAdAgalella jODupada siddhisuttade yundu hELalu sAdhyavide. udAharaNegAgi, keLage koTTiruva samskxtada padakantegaLannu mattu jODupadagaLannu hOlisi nODa bahudu.
padakante
mAtrA sadxSaH svagrAt patitaH svagrapatitaH karmakuSalaH karmaNi kuSalaH
jODupada mAtxsadxSaH
‘tAyiya hAgiruvavanu’ ‘svagradinda biddavanu’ ‘kelasadalli kuSalanAdavanu’
grAmam gataH rAjYaH puruShaH
grAmagataH rAjapuruShaH
‘haLLige hOdavanu’ ‘rAjana jana’
modalanE kAlannalli koTTiruva padakantegaLalli eraDu padagaLU vibhakti pratyayadondige bandive, Adare avugaLa eduru eraDanE kAlannalli koTTiruva jODupadagaLalli eraDaneya pada mAtra vibhakti pratyayadondige bandide, modalaneya pada vibhakti pratyayavillade
mele sUcisida hAge, padakante mattu jODupadagaLa naDuve samskxtadalli kANisuva I vyatyAsavE kannaDadallU irabahudendu bhAvisi, samskxtada I padaracaneya niyamavannu hAgeyE kannaDakke aLavaDisalu kannaDada vayyAkaraNigaLu prayatnisiddAre.
padakanteyondaralli eraDu athavA jAsti padagaLu baLakeyAgive yAdare, avugaLalli pratiyondannU vibhakti pratyayadondige baLasa bEkemba niyama samskxtadallide. hAgAgi, A padagaLalli yAvudAdarU ondu padadondige vibhakti pratyaya bandillavAdare, adu tanna anantara bandiruva padadondige sEri samastapadavAgideyundE artha.
Adare kannaDadalli intaha niyamavilla. kannaDada padakantegaLalli baruva padagaLalli koneyadakke mAtra vibhakti pratyayavannu sErisalu sAdhya. uLida padagaLu nAmapadagaLAgiveyAdare ShaShThiyalli baruttave, mattu guNapada, eNikeya pada illavE kxdantagaLAgiveyAdare yAva pratyayavU sErade hAgeyE baruttave.
samskxta mattu kannaDa bhAShegaLa naDuviruva I mukhyavAda vyatyAsa vannu keLage (5.2.2-5)nE vibhAgagaLalli vivarisalAgide.
5.3.2 padakantegaLalli guNapadagaLa baLake
samskxtada padakantegaLalli ondu guNapadavannu baLasabEkiddalli adakke vibhakti pratyayavannu sErisabEkAguttade mattu I vibhakti pratyaya adara anantara baruva nAmapadada (viSEShyada) vibhakti pratyayavE Agira bEkAguttade (3.2.2 nODi). Adare, kannaDadalli I rIti guNapadagaLige vibhakti pratyayavannu sErisi hELuva vidhAna baLakeyallilla. udAharaNegAgi, keLage koTTiruva
samskxta padakantegaLannu avugaLa kannaDa rUpadondige hOlisi nODa bahudu.
(1ka) Ekam kxShNam sapram
‘ondu kappu hAvannu’
(1kha) EkEna kxShNEna saprENa
‘ondu kappu hAvininda’ (1ga) EkAya kxShNAya saprAya ‘ondu kappu hAvige’
(1ka-ga) samskxta padakantegaLalli dvitIyA, txtIyA mattu caturthI vibhakti pratyayagaLu padakanteya mUru padagaLondigU bandive. Adare avugaLa kannaDa rUpagaLalli padakanteya koneya padavAgiruva hAvu embudarondige mAtra vibhakti pratyayagaLu bandive.
ivugaLalli kxShNa ‘kappu’ padavannu samskxtadalli vibhakti pratyaya villadeyU baLasalu sAdhyavide. hAge mADidalli adu adara anantara baruva sapra ‘hAvu’ padadondige sEri kxShNasapra emba jODupada vAguttade. Adare kannaDadalli kappu pada hEgiddarU vibhakti pratyaya villadeyE kappu hAvu padakanteyalli bandiruvudAda kAraNa adannu A rIti jODupadavAgi badalAyisalu sAdhyavAgadu.
(2ka) Ekam kxShNasapram
‘ondu kappu hAvannu’ (2kha) EkEna kxShNasaprENa
‘ondu kappu hAvininda’ (2ga) EkAya kxShNasaprAya
‘ondu kappu hAvige’
mEle koTTiruva (2ka-ga) padakantegaLannu adakke hinde koTTiruva (1ka-ga) padakantegaLondige hOlisi nODidalli samskxta mattu kannaDa bhAShegaLa naDuviruva vyatyAsa spaShTavAdItu.
samskxtada (1ka-ga) padakantegaLalli kxShNa padadondige bandidda vibhakti pratyayagaLu (2ka-ga) padakantegaLalli lOpagonDive; Adare avakke samAnavAgiruva kannaDada padakantegaLalli yAva rItiya vyatyAsavU Agilla.
intaha sandabhragaLalli eraDu padagaLu oTTu sEri ondu jODupadavAgideyendu hELabEkiddalli kannaDadalli adakke ondu viSiShTavAda arthavU bandiruvudu avaSya. I artha adara angagaLAgi bandiruva padagaLu koDuva arthakkinta bhinnavAgirabEku.
udAharaNegAgi, cikkamma embudu ondu jODupada; Adare, cikkaDike embudu ondu padakante. cikkamma embudu cikka ammanannu sUcisuvudilla; ammana tangiyannu sUcisuttade; Adare, cikkaDike embudu cikka aDikeyannE sUcisuttade. cikkamma embudara baLake yalli arthada badalAvaNeyU sErikonDide; Adare, cikkaDike embu daralli antaha badalAvaNe sErikonDilla.
guNapadavannu nAmapadadondige baLasiruva sandabhradalli I rIti arthada badalAvaNe naDedillavAdare adannu kannaDadalli padakanteyendE parigaNisabEkallade jODupadavendu parigaNisalu yAva AdhAravU iruvudilla.
5.3.3 kxdantagaLa baLake
kxdantagaLannu nAmapadakantegaLalli baLasabEkiddarU samskxtadalli avakke nAmapadada linga-vacana-vibhaktigaLannu sUcisuva vibhakti pratyaya vondannu sErisuva avaSyakateyide. Adare kannaDadalli A rIti kxdanta gaLige vibhakti pratyayavannu sErisalu sAdhyavAgadu. idakke kAraNa vEnendare, mEle (5.3.2)ralli sUcisida hAge, kannaDadalli vibhakti pratyayagaLu nAmapadakantegaLa koneya padadondige mAtra baruttave.
(3ka) Ekam mxtam sapram ‘ondu satta hAvannu’ (3kha) EkEna mxtEna saprENa
‘ondu satta hAvininda’ (3ga) EkAya mxtAya saprAya ‘ondu satta hAvige’
samskxtadalli intaha kxdantagaLannU vibhakti pratyayagaLannu sErisade baLasalu sAdhyavide. hAge mADidAga avu avugaLa mundiruva nAma padadondige sEri jODupadagaLAguttave. Adare kannaDada kxdantagaLu padakantegaLallEnE vibhakti pratyayavillade baruttave. hAgAgi, avuga Londige vibhakti pratyaya bandilla emba viShayada AdhArada mEle avu anantara baruva nAmapadagaLondige sEri jODupadagaLAgiveyendu hELalu sAdhyavilla.
(4ka) Ekam mxtasapram
ondu satta hAvannu’
(4kha) EkEna mxtasaprENa ‘ondu satta hAvininda’
(4ga) EkAya mxtasaprAya
‘ondu satta hAvige’
illU (3ka-ga) mattu (4ka-ga) padakantegaLa naDuve samskxtadalli vibhaktigaLa maTTige vyatyAsavide, Adare kannaDadalli yAva vyatyAsavU illa. (4ka-ga)gaLalli baruva mxtasapra embudannu samskxtadalli jODupada embudAgi parigaNisalu (3ka-ga)gaLalli mxta padada anantara kANisuttidda vibhakti pratyaya illavAgiruvudannu AdhAravAgi koDalu sAdhyavide.
Adare kannaDada satta pada (4ka-ga)gaLalli mAtravallade (3ka- ga)gaLallU vibhakti pratyayavilladeyE bandiruva kAraNa, kannaDadalli satta hAvu embudannu jODupada embudAgi parigaNisalu yAva AdhAravU siguvudilla.
5.3.4 nirdESaka padagaLa baLake
samskxtada padakantegaLalli ayam ‘ivanu’, saH ‘avanu’ modalAda mAtanADuvavanigU mAtinalli baruva vyakti, vastu modalAdavugaLigU naDuviruva ‘sthAnIya’ sambandhavannu sUcisuva nirdESaka padagaLannu baLasabEkiddalli avugaLondige vibhakti pratyayagaLannu sErisuva avaSyakate yide. hAgAgi avu intaha vibhakti pratyayagaLillade bandAga avugaLa
anantara baruva nAmapadagaLondige sEri jODupadagaLAgiveyendu hELalu baruttade.
Adare kannaDadalli intaha padagaLannu padakantegaLalli baLasuvAgalella I mattu A emba sankShipta rUpagaLannu baLasuva avaSyakateyide. samskxtadalli kANisuva hAge avakke vibhakti pratyayagaLannu sErisuva krama kannaDadallilla.
(5ka) imam ghaTam
‘I koDavannu’
(5kha) asmAt ghaTAt
‘I koDadinda’
(5ga) tasmAt ghaTAt
‘A koDadinda’ (5gha) tasmin ghaTE ‘A koDadalli’
samskxtada idam ‘I’ embudu (5ka)dalli imam embudAgi dvitIyA vibhaktiyalli bandide mattu (5kha)dalli asmAt embudAgi txtIyA vibhaktiyalli bandide; tat ‘A’ embudu (5ga)dalli tasmAt embudAgi txtIyA vibhaktiyalli bandide mattu (5gha)dalli tasmin embudAgi saptamI vibhaktiyalli bandide. I ellA baLakegaLallU avu avugaLa anantara baruva nAmapadada (ghaTa embudara) vibhaktiyallE bandiruvudannu gamanisabahudu.
Adare kannaDada I mattu A embavugaLu A rIti vibhakti pratyaya dondige baruvudilla. avugaLa anantara baruva nAmapada yAva vibhaktiyallE irali avakke kannaDadalli ondE rUpaviruttade. idu kannaDadalli padakantegaLannu racisuva vidhAna.
samskxtadalli mEle koTTiruva nirdESaka padagaLannu vibhakti pratyayavilladeyU (tadghaTAt ‘A koDadinda’, tadghaTE ‘A koDa dalli’ modalAdavugaLa hAge) baLasalu sAdhyavide mattu hAge baLasi dAga samskxtadalli jODupada siguttadeyundu hELalu sAdhyavide.
Adare kannaDadalli I rIti jODupadavannu racisalu sAdhyavAgadu. yAkendare intaha padakantegaLalli kannaDada nirdESaka padagaLu A koDadinda, A koDadalli embavugaLalli kANisuva hAge vibhakti pratyayavillada rUpadalli mAtra baraballuvu.
kannaDada kelavu vyAkaraNa paThyagaLalli A huDuga embantaha pada kantegaLannu jODupada (samAsa)gaLendu tOrisikoDuvudakkAgi avakke avanu huDuga embantaha oLanuDi (vigrahavAkya)gaLannu koDalAgide.
Adare illU modalaneya padadalli vibhakti pratyayavideyendu hELalu sAdhyavAgadu. yAkendare kannaDadalli *avanannu huDuganannu illavE *avaninda huDuganinda embudAgi samskxtada imam ghaTam, asmAt ghaTAt embavugaLa hAge padakanteya modalaneya padakke vibhakti pratyayavannu sErisalu sAdhyavAgadu.
innondu viShayavEnendare, kannaDadalli avanu huDuga embudu ondu vAkyavAguttadallade padakanteyAguvudilla. hAgAgi A huDuga embudannu avanu huDuga embudarinda sAdhisuvudU sariyalla.
5.3.5 dvitIyA vibhaktiya baLake
kannaDa vAkyagaLalli kANisuva innondu vaySiShTyavEnendare, aprANi vAcaka padagaLu kriyApadada pakkadallE iveyAdare avugaLondigiruva dvitIyA vibhakti pratyayavannu tegedu hAkalu sAdhyavide. Adare A padavannu vAkyadalli bEreDege sAgisidAga illavE otti hELuva U pratyayavannu adakke sErisidAga A rIti tegedu hAkida dvitIyA vibhakti pratyaya tirugi kANisikoLLuttade.
rAju bengaLUrinalli ondu mane kaTTisiddAne (6kha) rAju bengaLUrinalli ondu maneyannU kaTTisiddAne rAju ondu maneyannu bengaLUrinallU kaTTisiddAne
mane padadondigidda dvitIya vibhakti pratyaya (6ka) vAkyadalli bidduhOgide, Adare (6kha-ga) vAkyagaLalli adu uLidukonDide.
I rIti kriyApadada pakkadalli aprANivAcaka nAmapadagaLu vibhakti pratyayavillade bandiruvudannu nODi, kannaDada vayyAkaraNigaLu antaha racanegaLu (manekaTTu embantahavugaLu) ‘kriyAsamAsa’vemba kannaDakke
viSiShTavAgiruva samAsavondakke udAharaNegaLAguttaveyendu vAdisi Adare nijakkU idu kannaDa mattu samskxta bhAShegaLa naDuve vAkya racaneyalli (endare vibhakti pratyayagaLa baLakeyalli) kANisuva ondu vyatyAsa mAtra (8.4 nODi). illi hosa padada racaneyAgilla.
5.3.6 nAmapadagaLa baLake
kannaDadalli eraDu nAmapadagaLannu ondu padakanteya angagaLannAgi mADi baLasabEkAgideyAdare averaDannu sambandhisalu modalaneyada rondige ShaShThI ‘vibhakti’ pratyayavannu baLasuva avaSyakateyide.
Adare samskxtadalli averaDannU ondE vibhaktiyallirisi baLasa lAguttade. samskxtadalli nAmapada mattu guNapadagaLa naDuve vyatyAsavilladiruvudE idakke kAraNa.
(7ka) Ekam mxttikam ghaTam
‘ondu maNNina koDavannu’ (7kha) EkEna mxttikEna ghaTEna ‘ondu maNNina koDadinda’
(7ga) EkAya mxttikAya ghaTAya ‘ondu maNNina koDakke’
maNNina
sUcisuva Eka pada (7ka-ga) padakantegaLalli eNikeyannu mAtravallade mxttika nAmapadavU viSEShya nAmapadada (ghaTa embudara) vibhaktigaLalli bandide. illU I vibhakti pratyayagaLannu lOpamADuvudara mUlaka jODupadagaLannu sAdhisalu sAdhyavide. (mxttikaghaTam ‘maNNina koDavannu’, koDadinda’).
Adare (7ka-ga) kannaDa padakantegaLalli maNNu nAmapada A rIti viSEShyada vibhaktigaLalli baruva badalu elleDeyallU adannu viSEShya dondige sambandhisaballa a pratyayadondige (ShaShThI vibhaktiyalli) intaha sandabhragaLalli mAtra kannaDadallU samskxtada hAge ‘vibhakti pratyaya’ lOpavAguvudara mUlaka jODupada siddhisuttadeyundu
mxttikaghaTEna
hELalu sAdhyavide. udAharaNegAgi, aramane ‘arasana mane’, mUgudAra ‘mUgina dAra’, kaNNIru ‘kaNNina nIru’ modalAdavu gaLalli I rIti ShaShThI vibhaktiya lOpavannu kANabahudu. vibhaktilOpada maTTige kannaDa mattu samskxta bhAShegaLa naDuve svalpavAdarU samAnateyideyAdare adu illi mAtra. Adare nijakkU kannaDadalli ShaShThI vibhaktiyumbudu ondu vibhakti pratyayavalla embudannu munde (8.5.5)ralli nODaliruvevu.
5.3.7 padagaLa sankhye
samskxtadalli eShTu padagaLannu bEkiddarU oTTige sErisi jODupada gaLannu tayArisalu sAdhyavide. udAharaNegAgi, bANabhaTTana kAdambari yalli baruva kelavu jODupadagaLu ondu iDI puTavannE tumbu vaShTu uddavAgive.
vEda kAlada samskxtadalli I rItiyiralilla. adaralli baLake yAguva jODupadagaLa sankhyeyU kaDimeyittu mattu avu jAsti uddavAgiyU iralilla. heccina jODupadagaLallU eraDakkinta jAsti padagaLu angagaLAgiralilla. bahuSaH vEdakAladalli samskxta vyavahArada bhASheyAgiddudE idakke kAraNavirabEku. idE rItiyalli kannaDadalli baLakeyAguva jODupadagaLalli eraDa kkinta jAsti angagaLiruva padagaLu bahaLa kaDime. heccinavugaLallU eraDu padagaLu mAtra oTTu sEriruttave. I kAraNakkAgi kannaDadalli ‘samastapada’gaLannu ‘jODupada’ emba hesarininda kareyuvudu sari
5.3.8 jODupadagaLa artha
arthada maTTige samskxtadalli padakante mattu jODupadagaLa naDuve vyatyAsavideyundu vayyAkaraNigaLu hELuvarAdarU I vyatyAsa spaShTa vAgi kANisuvudu vEda kAlada samskxtadalli mAtra. anantarada kAvya mattu SAstragaLa samskxtadalli idu bahaLa maTTige aLidu hOgide.
kAvyagaLalli baLakeyalliruva kelavu jODupadagaLalli mAtra intaha arthavaySiShTyavannu kANalu sAdhyavide. udAharaNegAgi, nIlOtpala jODupadakke ‘nIlibaNNada kamala’ emba arthavannu koTTare adu
sAdhuvenisadu. A pada ondu viSiShTavAda jAtige sErida kamalavannu mAtra sUcisuttade.
Adare samskxtada heccina jODupadagaLallU intaha arthavaySiShTya kANisuvudilla. udAharaNegAgi, kxShNaH sapraH padakantegU kxShNasapraH jODupadakkU naDuve samskxtadalli arthada maTTige yAva vyatyAsavU kannaDadalli mEle (5.3.1)ralli sUcisida hAge heccineDegaLallU arthavyatyAsa mUDibandillavAdare eraDu padagaLu oTTige sEriruva sandabhragaLalli samAsa naDedideyundu hELalu sAdhyavAgadu.
5.4 samskxta samAsagaLa vibhajane
samskxtadalli mukhyavAgi tatpuruSha, avyayIbhAva, dvandva mattu bahuvrIhi embudAgi nAlku rItiya samAsagaLiveyendu adara vayyAkaraNigaLu hELuttAre. ivannu baLasi tayArisida jODupada gaLalli ‘pradhAna pada’ yAvudu embudara mEle I vibhajane avalambiside.
jODupadada angagaLAgi baruva eraDu padagaLalli eraDaneyadu A padakke pradhAna padavAgideyAdare tatpuruSha, modalaneyadu pradhAna padavAgideyAdare avyayIbhAva, eraDU pradhAna padagaLAgiveyAdare dvandva, mattu eraDU pradhAna padavallavAdare bahuvrIhi. udAharaNegAgi, rAjaShri jODupadadalli rAja mattu xShi emba eraDu angagaLive. A pada obba xShiyannu sUcisuva kAraNa, adara pradhAna pada xShi endu hELabEkAguttade. hIge I padadalli eraDaneya anga pradhAnavAgiruva kAraNa, adu tatpuruSha samAsakke udAharaNe.
samskxtadalli ‘arasana hattira’ jODupadavannu avyayIbhAva samAsakke udAharaNeyAgi koDalAguttade. idu yAra hattira embudannu tiLisuva ondu kriyAviSEShaNa(avyaya)vAgiddu, adara angagaLAgiruva upa ‘hattira’ matturAja ‘arasu’ emba eraDu padagaLalli upa emba modalaneya pada pradhAnavAdudu. rAmalakShmaNav ‘rAmalakShmaNaru’ jODupada dvandva samAsakke udAharaNe. idaralli rAma mattu lakShmaNa emba eraDu padagaLu
angagaLAgi sErikonDive. ivugaLalli yAvudannU pradhAnapadavalla endu hELalu sAdhyavillavAda kAraNa, adara eraDu angagaLU pradhAna padagaLE endu hELabEkAguttade. pItAmbaraH ‘haLadibaTTeya vyakti’ embudu bahuvrIhi samAsakke udAharaNe. idaralli pIta ‘haLadi’ mattu ambara ‘baTTe’ emba eraDu padagaLu angagaLAgi bandiddu, avugaLalli yAvudannU adara pradhAna padavembudAgi hELalu sAdhyavAguvudilla.
A jODupadada horagiruva, endare adara angavAgi bAradiruva vyakti embantaha padavondu adara pradhAna padavendu hELabEkAgu ttade. yAkendare I jODupada obba vyaktiyannu gurutisuttadallade ondu baNNa(pIta)vannAgalI illavE ondu baTTe(ambara)vannAgalI gurutisuvudilla. tatpuruSha samAsada upabhEdagaLAgi karmadhAraya mattudvigu emba innU eraDu rItiya samAsagaLannu samskxtadalli gurutisuva krama rUDhiyallide.
(1) tatpuruSha jODupadada angagaLAgi baruva padagaLannu oLa nuDiya (vigrahavAkyada) mUlaka sambandhisuvAga averaDannU ondE vibhaktiyallirisi (endare prathamA vibhaktiyallirisi) sambandhisalu sAdhya videyAdare adannu karmadhArayavemba upavibhAgadalli sErisuvudu udAharaNegAgi kxShNasapraH ‘kappuhAvu’ embudara angavAgiruva padagaLannu kxShNaH sapraH embudAgi ondE vibhaktiyalli (prathamA vibhaktiyalli) irisi sambandhisabahudu. hAgAgi adu karmadhAraya vAguttade.
Adare, vxkabhaya ‘tOLana hedarike’ emba innondu jODupada tatpuruShakke udAharaNeyAgaballudAdarU karmadhArayakke udAharaNe yAgalAradu. yAkendare, I jODupadada angagaLAgi baruva vxka ‘tOLa’ mattu bhaya ‘hedarike’ padagaLannu ondE vibhaktiyallirisi sambandhisalu sAdhyavAgadu. vxkAt bhayam embudAgi avugaLalli modalaneya padavannu pancamI vibhaktiyalli irisuva avaSyakate samskxtadallide.
(2) tatpuruSha jODupadada angagaLAgi baruva padagaLalli modalaneyadu eNikeyannu sUcisuva padavAgideyAdare adannu ‘dvigu’ emba upavibhAgadalli sErisuva kramavide.
udAharaNegAgi trilOkam ‘mUru lOkagaLu’ jODupadadalli modalaneya angavAgiruva tri ‘mUru’ embudu eNikeya padavAgide. hAgAgi, adannu tayArisuvalli dvigu samAsada baLakeyAgideyendu hELabahudu.
5.5 kannaDa jODupadagaLa oLaracane
mEle (5.1ralli) sUcisida hAge, samskxtada Aru samAsagaLU kannaDadalliveyembudAgi kannaDada vayyAkaraNigaLu hELuttAre. idallade, gamaka mattu kriyAsamAsagaLemba bEre eraDu rItiya kannaDadavE Ada samAsagaLU kannaDadalliveyendu ivaru hELuttAre.
Adare idu kannaDada jODupadagaLannu samskxta vyAkaraNada mattu padaracaneya dxShTiyinda pariSIlisidudarindAgi huTTibanda tappu kalpane. kannaDada jODupadagaLannu kannaDaddE Ada vyAkaraNada mattu padaracaneya dxShTiyinda pariSIlisidalli samskxtada vibhajaneginta tIra bhinnavAgiruva bErondu rItiya kannaDaddE Ada vibhajane namage dorakuttade. hosagannaDada jODupadagaLalli sAmAnyavAgi eraDaneya anga vAgi baruva pada nAmapadavAgiruttade. modalaneyadu nAmapadavira bahudu, kriyApadavirabahudu illavE guNapadavirabahudu.
I viShayada AdhArada mEle kannaDada jODupadagaLannu keLage sUcisida hAge mUru mukhya vibhAgagaLalli vingaDisalu sAdhyavide (heccina vivaragaLige kannaDa padagaLa oLaracane (bhaT 2002) nODi).
(1) nAmapadaviruvavu: bayalATa, nelagaDale, kaymagga
(2) kriyApadaviruvu: kaDegOlu, siDimaddu, tUgudIpa
(3) guNapadaviruvavu: doDDamma, kiruberaLu, kaggallu
5.5.1 nAmapadaviruva jODupadagaLu
‘nAmapadaviruva’ jODupadagaLalli heccinavakkU oLanuDiyannu (vigraha vAkyavannu) hELuvAga modalaneya angavannu ShaShThI vibhaktiyallirisuva mUlaka eraDaneya angadondige sambandhisalu sAdhyavide.
oLanuDi
benkiya peTTige
nelada kaDale bayalina ATa
kAlina maNe kayya magga
jODupada benkipeTTige nelakaDale bayalATa kAlmaNe kaymagga
I niyamakke AnekAlu, kaygamba, ilikivi, neladAvare modalAda kelavu apavAdagaLive. yAkendare, mEle koTTiruva jODupadagaLa hAge ivugaLa eraDu angagaLannu ShaShThI vibhaktiya mUlaka sambandhisalu sAdhyavAgadu.
udAharaNegAgi AnekAlu pada ‘Aneya kAla’nnu sUcisuva badalu ‘Aneya kAlina hAge kAlu bAtukoLLuva ondu rOga’vannu sUcisuttade. intaha jODupadagaLalli modalaneya anga, eraDaneya anga, illavE eraDU angagaLu upamAnagaLAgiralu sAdhyavide.
jODupada kallede
neladAvare
oLanuDi kallina hAge kaThiNavAgiruva ede neladalli beLeyuva tAvareyantaha hU iliya kiviya hAgiruva eleyiruva giDa
idallade, bEre kelavu jODupadagaLa angagaLannu ShaShThI vibhaktiya mUlaka sambandhisalu sAdhyavideyAdarU avugaLa arthavannu sariyAgi sUcisuva hAge bEre rItiya oLanuDigaLannu koDalu sAdhyavide, mattu I AdhArada mEle avannu halavu upavibhAgagaLalli vingaDisalu sAdhyavide.
sAmAnyavAgi intaha oLanuDigaLalli jODupadada angagaLAgi bandiruva nAmapadagaLalli ondaroDanondannu sambandhisuvudakkAgi yAvudAdarondu kriyApadavannu baLasuva avaSyakateyiruttade. I
kriyApadada AdhArada mEleyU intaha jODupadagaLannu vingaDisa bahudu.
jODupada kAlmaNe
aramane jEnuhuLa benkipeTTige kaykoDali kaNNusanne tappukANike mUgudAra kaNNIru
talegUdalu
oLanuDi kAlu iruva maNe
arasanu vAsisuva mane
jEnannu sangrahisuva huLa benkiyannu hottisalu baLasuva peTTige kayyinda kaDiyalu baLasuva koDali kaNNininda mADuva sanne tappige koDuva kANike mUgige kaTTuva dAra kaNNinalli baruva nIru taleyalli beLeda kUdalu
mEle koTTiruva jODupadagaLellavannU avugaLa modalaneya angavAgi bandiruva padavannu ShaShThI vibhaktiyallirisuvudara mUlaka sAdhisalu sAdhyavideyembudannu gamanisabahudu (kAlina maNe, jEnina huLa, kayya koDali, tappina kANike, kaNNina nIru).
5.5.2 kriyApadaviruva jODupadagaLu
kriyApadaviruva jODupadagaLalli modalaneya angavAgi ondu kriyApada bandiruttade. I kriyApadakkU eraDaneya angavAgi bandiruva nAmapadakkU naDuve bEre bEre rItiya sambandhagaLiralu sAdhyavide.
(1) kriyApadavu tiLisuva ghaTaneyalli nAmapadavu gurutisuva vyakti illavE vastu toDagikonDirabahudu. udAharaNegAgi, suLigALi jODupadada eraDaneya angavAgi gALi nAmapada bandiddu, idu suLi ghaTaneyalli toDagide; siDimaddu embudarallU hIgeyE.
(2) bEre yArAdarU adannu A ghaTaneyalli toDagisirabahudu udAharaNegAgi, tUgudIpa jODupadadalli eraDaneya anga
vAgiruva dIpavannu yarO tUgalu baLasiddAre; cuccumaddu jODupadavU intahadE.
(3) adu A ghaTaneya karaNavAgirabahudu. udAharaNegAgi, bIsugallu jODupadadalli eraDaneya angavAgiruva kallu bIsuva
ghaTaneya karaNavAgide; kaDegOlu jODupadadallU hIgeyE.
(4) adu A ghaTaneya AkaravAgirabahudu. udAharaNegAgi, suDugADu jODupadadalli eraDaneya angavAgiruva kADu nAma padavu suDu ghaTaneya AkaravAgide (suDuvudelli embudannu adu sUcisuttade); jArubanDi jODupadavU intahadE.
idallade, intaha jODupadagaLalli baruva kriyApadagaLu bEre bEre rItiya ghaTanegaLannu sUcisalu sAdhyaviddu, avannavalambisiyU intaha jODupadagaLannu vibhajisalu sAdhyavide. udAharaNegAgi, I kriyApadagaLu sUcisuva ghaTane halavu bAri naDeyuvantahadirabahudu (surimaLe, bIsugallu) illavE omme mAtra naDeyuvantahadira bahudu (biccugatti, hurigaDale).
5.5.3 guNapadaviruva jODupadagaLu
jODupadagaLalli modalaneya angavAgi guNapada bandideyAdalli avakke eraDu rItiya oLaracanegaLiralu sAdhyavide. avugaLalli kelavakke eraDaneya angavAgi bandiruva nAmapada pradhAna padavAgiraballudu mattu bEre kelavakke angagaLAgi bandiruva padagaLalli yAvudU pradhAna padavAgirade, jODupadadinda horagiruva padavondu pradhAna padavAgiraballudu.
keLage koTTiruva (ka-kha) jODupadagaLa naDuve I vyatyAsavannu kANabahudu.
jODupada kaDehallu (8kha) kaDegaNNu (9ka) mumbAgilu (9kha) mungay
(10ka) naDuberaLu (10kha) naDuhagalu
oLanuDi (bAyiya) kaDeyalliruva hallu
kaNNina kaDeyalliruva bhAga
(maneya) mundugaDeyiruva bAgilu kayya mundiruva bhAga (kayyalli) naDuve iruva beraLu hagalina naDuve iruva bhAga
(11ka) cikkAsu
(11kha) cikkamma
cikkadAgiruva kAsu ammaniginta cikkavaLAgiruva hengasu
(8-11) jODupadagaLalli (ka) mattu (kha)jODupadagaLa naDuve pradhAna padada maTTige vyatAsavideyembudannu gamanisabahudu. illi pratiyondarallU (ka)jODupadakke eraDaneya angavAgi banda pada pradhAna padavAgideyAdare, (kha)jODupadakke adara eraDu angagaLalli ondU pradhAna padavAgirade, jODupadada horagiruva padavondu pradhAna padavAgide.
udAharaNegAgi, (8ka)dalli bandiruva kaDehallu jODupadakke adara eraDaneya angavAgiruva hallu pada pradhAna padavAgide. Adare, (8kha)dalli bandiruva kaDegaNNu jODupadakke A padada angavAgillada (endare adara horagiruva) bhAga pada pradhAna padavAgide.
uLida (9-11) padayugmagaLallU intahadE vyatyAsavideyembudannu avugaLa munde koTTiruva oLanuDigaLinda tiLiyabahudu.
guNapadaviruva jODupadagaLa naDuve innU kelavu vyatyAsagaLannu kANalu sAdhyaviddu, avu bEre kelavu rItiya vibhajanegaLige AdhAra vAgaballuvu. udAharaNegAgi, I jODupadagaLa modalaneya anga vAgi bandiruva guNapadavu nAmaviSEShaNavAgiralU sAdhyavide, kriyA viSEShaNavAgiralU sAdhyavide.
(12ka) guNapada nAmaviSEShaNavAgiruva jODupadagaLu:
cikkAsu
karituLasi
cikka kAsu kempu tALi (tengu) kari (kappu) tuLasi
(12kha) guNapada kriyAviSEShaNavAgiruva jODupadagaLu: (kelasakke) mundAgi koDuva kaDa aDDakke hOguva dAri (maneya) horagiruva bAgilu
mungaDa horabAgilu
innondu rItiya vyatyAsavEnendare, kelavu guNapadagaLu nEravAgi obba vyakti illavE ondu vastuvina guNadharmavannu sUcisuvuvAdare,
innu kelavu obba vyakti illavE ondu vastuvigU bErobba vyakti illavE vastuvigU naDuve antaha guNadharmada maTTige vyatyAsavEnide yembudannu tiLisuttave.
udAharaNegAgi, karituLasi embudu tuLasiya ondu guNadharma vannu sUcisuva mUlaka bEre rItiya tuLasigaLinda adannu bEpraDisu ttade. Adare, naDuberaLu embudu kayyalliruva beraLugaLa naDuviruva sambandhavannu sUcisuvudara mUlaka avugaLalli ondu beraLannu gurutisuttade.
5.5.4 kelavu apavAdagaLu
kannaDada jODupadagaLalli heccinavugaLallU eraDaneya angavAgi ondu nAmapada bandiruttadeyumbudAgi mEle sUcisalAgittu. idakke apavAdavAgi kelavu jODupadagaLa oLanuDiyalli guNapada eraDaneya angavAgi bandiruvudannu kANabahudu; Adare, intaha sandabhragaLallU jODupadadalli adu modalaneya angavAgi badalAgiruttade. eraDaneya anga nAmapadavE AgirabEkemba kannaDa jODupadagaLa sAmAnya svarUpavannu idu otti hELuttade.
udAharaNegAgi, ‘kayya mundiruva bhAga’ emba oLanuDiyalli munde pada eraDaneya angavAgideyAdarU adarinda tayArAda mungay jODupadadalli A guNapada adara modalaneya angavAgi badalAgiruvudannu kANabahudu.
I niyamakke apavAdagaLAgi kANisuva bEre kelavu jODu padagaLU kannaDadallive. udAharaNegAgi, kaypiDi, bAnuli, iLijAru, oDahuTTu modalAda jODupadagaLalli eraDaneya angavAgi ondu kriyApada bandiruva hAge kANisuttade. Adare illi eraDaneya angagaLAgi bandiruva piDi, uli, jAru, huTTu modalAdavugaLu hiDi, kaTTu, nagu, Odu, tappu, baduku modalAdavugaLa hAge ‘sonne’ pratyayada mUlaka tayArAgiruva nAmapadagaLendu hELalu sAdhyavide.
kannaDada jODupadagaLa I vibhajaneyalli ondu mukhyavAda viShayavannu manassinallirisikoLLuvudu avaSya. pratyayagaLannu baLasi tayArisiruva nAmapadagaLa hAge samAsavemba vidhAnavannu baLasi tayArisiruva I jODupadagaLU halavAru viShayagaLalli aniyamita
vAgiruttave. hAgAgi, mEle vivarisiruva vibhajanegaLige apavAdagaLannu kanDuhiDiyuvudEnU kaShTavalla. endare, I vibhajanegaLu bhASheya ondu ‘olava’nnu sUcisuttiveyallade takrabaddhavAda niyamavannalla.
5.6 samskxtada samAsagaLu kannaDadalliveyE?
hosagannaDadalli baruva jODupadagaLannu kannaDaddE Ada vyAkaraNada dxShTiyinda pariSIlisidevAdare, mEle vivarisidantaha oLaracane avugaLallideyemba viShaya spaShTavAguttade. idallade A oLaracaneya AdhArada mEle avannu mukhyavAgi nAmapadaviruvavu, kriyApada viruvavu mattu guNapadaviruvavu emba mUru rItiya samAsagaLalli vibhajisalu sAdhya emba viShayavU spaShTavAguttade.
I vibhajane samskxtadalli baLakeyalliruva jODupadagaLa vibhajane ginta tIra bhinnavAdudu. jODupadagaLa angagaLAgi baruva padagaLalli pradhAnavAgiruva pada yAvudu emba viShayada AdhArada mEle samskxtada vayyAkaraNigaLu adara jODupadagaLannu mukhyavAgi tatpuruSha, dvandva, avyayIbhAva mattu bahuvrIhi embudAgi vingaDisiddAre. samskxtada I vibhajaneyannu kannaDakkU aLavaDisalu sAdhya embudu kannaDa vayyAkaraNigaLa abhiprAya. endare, mElina nAlku samAsa gaLallade tatpuruShada upabhEdagaLAgiruva karmadhAraya mattu dvigu emba bEre eraDu samAsagaLannu mattu kannaDadavE Ada kriyAsamAsa mattu gamakasamAsa emba innU eraDu samAsagaLannu baLasuvudara mUlaka kannaDa samAsagaLannu varNisalu sAdhya embudu avara abhiprAya. I abhiprAya sariyE embudannu illi pariSIlisuvudu avaSya.
5.6.1 vibhajaneya AdhAra
mEle sUcisida hAge, samskxtada jODupadagaLannu mukhyavAgi avugaLa angagaLAgi baruva padagaLalli yAvudu pradhAna padavAgi nilluttade emba viShayada AdhArada mEle tatpuruSha, avyayIbhAva, dvandva mattu bahuvrIhi emba nAlku samAsagaLAgi vingaDisalAgide.
eraDaneya pada pradhAnavAgideyAdare tatpuruSha, modalaneya pada pradhAnavAgideyAdare avyayIbhAva, eraDu padagaLU pradhAnavAgive
yAdare dvandva mattu ondU pradhAnavAgillavAdare bahuvrIhi endu hELuvudu I vibhajaneya sAra.
I nAlku samAsagaLoLage bahuvrIhi samAsadalli mAtra jODu padada angavAgi bandiruva padagaLalli yAvudU pradhAnapadavAgirade jODupadada horagiruva padavondu pradhAnapadavAgiruttade.
Adare hosagannaDada jODupadagaLannu vingaDisuvalli I rIti pradhAnapada yAvudu emba viShaya aShTondu mukhyavAda pAtravannu vahisuvudilla. yAkendare, kannaDada jODupadagaLalli heccinavugaLallU pradhAnapada eraDaneya angavAgiruttade.
hAgAgi, mElina viShayada badalu jODupadada modalaneya angavAgi baruva pada yAva padavagrakke sEruttade - adu nAmapadavE, kriyApadavE, athavA guNapadavE emba viShaya kannaDada jODupadagaLa vibhajaneyalli heccu mukhyavAda pAtravannu vahisuttade. I kAraNakkAgi, kannaDada jODupadagaLannu samskxtadalli kANisuva hAge Aru (illavE nAlku) samAsagaLAgi vingaDisalu prayatnisidalli gondalavallade bErEnU sigalAradu. kannaDada jODupadagaLalli guNapadavuLLavugaLannu mAtra avugaLa pradhAnapada yAvudu emba viShayada AdhArada mEle eraDu upa vibhAgagaLAgi vingaDisalu sAdhya. mEle (5.6.3ralli) sUcisiruva hAge mumbAgilu mattu mungay embantaha jODupadagaLa naDuve intaha vyatyAsavide.
hAgAgi ivugaLalli modalaneyadannu (mumbAgilu embudannu) tatpuruShada hAge eraDaneya anga pradhAnavAgiruva samAsavendU eraDaneyadannu (mungay embudannu) bahuvrIhiya hAge yAva angavU pradhAnavAgillada samAsavendU parigaNisalu sAdhyavide.
Adare kannaDa vayyAkaraNigaLu iveraDannU avyayIbhAvadalli (avu kannaDadalli avyayavallavAda kAraNa avakke ‘amSI’ emba bEreyE ondu hesarannu koTTu) sErisiddAre, mattu bahuvrIhige bEre rItiya jODupadagaLannu udAharaNegaLannAgi koTTu gondala innU heccuva hAge mADiddAre. karmadhArayavannu tatpuruShada ondu upabhEdavembudAgi parigaNi siruvudu samskxtadalli I jODupadagaLa angagaLAgi baruva padagaLa naDuve entaha sambandhavide emba viShayada AdhArada mEle embu
dannu mEle (5.5ralli) nODiruvevu. jODupadagaLa angagaLannu prathamA vibhaktiya mUlaka sambandhisalAgideyAdare avu karma dhArayakke udAharaNegaLAguttave mattu bEre vibhaktigaLa mUlaka sambandhisalAgideyAdare avu (karmadhArayavallada) tatpuruShakke udA haraNegaLAguttave.
Adare kannaDadalli intahadE vibhajaneyannu baLasuvudu kaShTasAdhya. yAkendare modalaneyadAgi, samskxtadalli karmadhAraya samAsada mUlaka tayArAguva jODupadagaLalli heccinavakkU pratiyAgi kannaDadalli guNapadavannoLagonDiruvantaha jODupadagaLu baruttave. idallade, ivugaLalli baruva modalaneya anga avugaLa oLanuDiyalli (vigrahavAkyadalli) yAva vibhakti pratyayadondigU sErade baruttave (5.4 nODi).
hAgAgi, avugaLannu tatpuruShada upabhEdavendu parigaNisuva badalu guNapadaviruvavugaLemba bEreyE ondu vibhAgadalli irisuva avaSyakateyide. intaha guNapadaviruva jODupadagaLu karmadhArayavendenisalu (illavE tatpuruShada ondu upavibhAgavendenisalu) avugaLa eraDu angagaLU ondE vibhaktiyalli baruvudu avaSya. I avaSyakateyannu pUraysuvudakkAgi kannaDada vayyAkaraNigaLu intaha jODupadaLige oLanuDiyannu hELuvAga guNapadagaLannu hAgeyE baLasade, avugaLa nAmarUpadalli baLasuttAre (hosadu kannaDa > hosagannaDa, karidu mugilu > karmugilu) embudannu mEle nODiddEve. Adare intaha oLanuDigaLu kannaDadalli ‘vAkya’ (illavE vAkyAmSa) gaLAgalAravu. udAharaNegAgi hosadu embudu kannaDadalli hosa guNapadavannu kriyApadada jAgadalli endare vAkyada koneyalli irisa bEkAdAga baLasuva rUpa (I pustaka hosadu embudAgi). adannu hosadakke, hosadara embantaha vibhakti rUpadallU baLasalu sAdhyavide.
Adare, nAmapadada munde irisi hosadu pustaka embudAgi hELidare adakke hosa pustaka embudakkinta tIra bhinnavAda artha baruttade. idallade, *hosadara pustaka embantaha baLakeyU kannaDadalli illavAdudarinda, I guNapadavuLLa jODupadagaLannu
ondE vibhaktiyalliruva eraDu nAmapadagaLannu jODisuvudara mUlaka paDeyuvudu kaShTa. angagaLeraDu viSEShaNa-viSEShya sambandhadinda sErikonDiveyAdare antaha jODupadavannu karmadhArayavendu kareyabahudembudAgi bEreyE ondu viShayavannu kelavaru vayyAkaraNigaLu tatpuruShada vibhajanege AdhAravAgi koDalu prayatnisiddAre. Adare, antaha vibhajaneya vyAptiyalli kannaDada guNapadaviruva jODupadagaLalli kelavu mAtra baraballuvallade ellavU baralAravu.
udAharaNegAgi, kannaDada naDuhagalu, cikkamma modalAdavugaLu guNapadaviruva jODupadagaLAgive. Adare avugaLa angagaLAgi bandiruva nAmapadagaLu (hagalu, amma modalAdavu) avugaLalli bandiruva guNapadagaLa (naDu, cikka modalAdavugaLa) viSEShyagaLalla. I jODupadagaLa angagaLAgilladantaha bhAga, hengasu modalAda padagaLu avugaLa viSEShyagaLu (hagalina naDubhAga > naDuhagalu). hAgAgi antaha jODupadagaLige viSEShaNa-viSEShya sambandha AdhAra vAgalAradu.
innondu viShayavEnendare, samskxtadalli eraDu nAmapadagaLu angagaLAgi bandiruva candramukham, gOgabhriNI modalAda jODupadagaLallU karmadhAraya samAsavideyendu hELabEkAguttade. I padagaLallU prathamA vibhaktiya mUlaka eraDu angagaLannu sambandhisalAgideyembudE idakke kAraNa.
Adare kannaDadalli eraDu nAmapadagaLannu oTTige sErisi racisida jODupadagaLu guNapadavondannu nAmapadadondige sErisi racisida jODupadagaLiginta tIrA bhinnavAgiruttave (3.2-4 nODi). hAgAgi,
antaha vibhajane kannaDada maTTige samaprakavAgalAradu. tatpuruSha samAsadalli modalaneya angavAgi baruva pada eNikeyannu sUcisuva padavAgideyAdare adannu dvigu emba bErondu upavibhAgadalli irisuva krama samskxtadalli rUDhiyallide. kannaDadalli intaha jODupadagaLu tatpuruShada angavAgi baruva badalu karmadhArayada (endare guNapadaviruva samAsada) angavAgi baruttave. yAkendare, kannaDadalli eNikeya padagaLu guNapadagaLa hAge nAmapadagaLondige baruvAga vibhakti pratyayavillade baruttave.
udAharaNegAgi, kannaDadalli mUru pustakagaLinda ennuttEvallade *mUrarinda pustakagaLinda endu hELuvudilla; Adare samskxtadalli tribhyaH pustakEbhyaH ‘mUru pustakagaLinda’ embudAgi bhyaH vibhakti pratyayavannu pustaka nAmapadakke mAtravallade, tri eNikeya padakkU sErisi hELalAguttade (10.3 nODi).
I rIti jODupadagaLa vibhajanege kannaDadalli AdhAravAgaballa viShayagaLu samskxtadalli AdhAravAgaballa viShayagaLiginta tIrA bhinna vAgiruvuvAda kAraNa, jODupadagaLa (samAsagaLa) vibhajaneyannu samskxtadinda kannaDakke hAgeyE tandu aLavaDisalu sAdhyavAgadu.
5.6.2 oLanuDigaLa baLake
jODupadagaLa oLaracane entahadu embudannu mattu avugaLa angagaLAgi bandiruva padagaLa naDuve entaha sambandhavide embudannu avugaLige entaha oLanuDi (vigrahavAkya)gaLannu koDabEkAguttade athavA koDalu sAdhya emba viShayada AdhArada mEle nirdharisa bEkAguttade.
udAharaNegAgi, mincuhuLa jODupadakke mincuva huLa embudAgi oLanuDiyannu koDalu sAdhyaviddu adannu I huLa mincuttade emba vAkyadinda paDeyalu sAdhyavide. I vAkyadalli jODupadada angagaLAgi bandiruva mincu mattu huLa emba padagaLu anukramavAgi ondu ghaTaneyannu sUcisuva kriyApada mattu A ghaTaneyannu naDesuva jantugaLAgive.
idE rItiyalli kaNNusanne jODupadakke kaNNininda mADida sanne emba oLanuDiyannu koDalu sAdhyaviddu, adara angagaLAgi bandiruva kaNNu mattu sanne emba eraDu nAmapadagaLa naDuve txtIyA vibhaktiya mUlaka sUcitavAguva karaNa-kArya sambandhavideyendu hELabahudu. sAmAnyavAgi jODupadagaLa oLanuDiyannu avugaLa arthakkanu sAravAgi koDuvudu rUDhi. Adare kelavomme avugaLa arthakkU avugaLa angagaLAgi bandiruva padagaLigU hondikeyAgadiralu sAdhyavide. antaha sandabhragaLalli ondu jODupadada oLanuDi adara arthavannu sUcisadiralu sAdhyavide.
udAharaNegAgi, hosamane jODupada bahaLa haLeyadAgiruva ondu maneyannu gurutisalu sAdhyavideyAdarU A padakke oLanuDi yannu koDuvAga hosa embudara badalu haLe emba guNapadavannu baLasuvudu sariyAgadu.
nijakkU jODupadavondakke eraDu rItiya oLanuDigaLannu koDalu sAdhyavide. A padavannu modala bArige bhASheyalli baLasidAga adakke yAva artha iddirabahudu embudannu sUcisuva oLanuDi yondu, mattu rUDhige banda mEle adu gurutisuva vyakti illavE vastuvinalli badalAvaNegaLAdudarindAgi adara arthadallU mAprATu gaLAgiveyAdalli, adara Igina arthavEnembudannu sUcisuva oLanuDi yinnondu.
sAmAnyavAgi jODupadada angagaLannu adara Igina arthakke hondikeyAguva hAge avugaLalli ondannu innondarondige sambandhisuvantaha oLanuDi vayyAkaraNigaLige oppigeyAguttade. idu I eraDu rItiya oLanuDigaLa sammiLanavAgiralU sAdhyavide.
kannaDa mattu samskxta bhAShegaLalli kANisuva kelavu jODupadagaLu mElnOTakke ondE rItiyavAgi kanDubandarU avugaLa oLanuDi gaLannu pariSIlisidAga avu ondakkinta ondu tIrA bhinnavAgiruvudu kanDubaruttade. jODupadagaLa vibhajanege avugaLa oLanuDi ondu kaDegaNisalu mukhyavAda AdhAravAguvudarinda I vyatyAsavannu sAdhyavilla.
samskxtadinda kannaDakke eravalAgi banda jODupadagaLigU kannaDadalli koDabEkAguva oLanuDi samskxtadalli koDuva oLanuDiginta bhinnavAgiralu sAdhya embudannu munde (5.9ralli) nODaliruvevu.
5.7 kannaDa vayyAkaraNigaLu hELuva samAsagaLu
samskxta jODupadagaLa vibhajaneyannu kannaDakke hAgeyE aLavaDisalu kannaDa vayyAkaraNigaLu prayatnisiddArendu mEle hELidde. I prayatna kannaDada atI prAcIna vyAkaraNa granthagaLa kAladindalU naDedu bandide. prAkxta, apabhramSa, pAli modalAdavugaLa hAge kannaDavU samskxtada ondu (vikxta) rUpavemba tappu kalpane idakke AdhAra vAgiddirabEku.
I eraDu bhAShegaLalli baLakeyAguva jODupadagaLa oLaracane mEle vivarisida hAge ondakkinta ondu tIrA bhinnavAgideyAda kAraNa, I prayatna saphalavAguvudu asambhavavE. hAgiddarU namma vayyAkaraNigaLu adannu ivattigU, endare I eraDu bhAShegaLu bEre bEre bhAShAkuTumbagaLige sEridavugaLemba viShaya tiLidamElU, hAgeyE uLisikonDu bandiruvudu nijakkU AScaryavannu taruva
samskxtada Aru samAsagaLannu (tatpuruSha, avyayIbhAva, dvandva mattu bahuvrIhi emba nAlku mukhya samAsagaLannu mattu avugaLalli ondAda tatpuruShada eraDu upabhEdagaLAgiruva karmadhAraya mattu dvigu embavugaLannu) kannaDakke aLavaDisuvudaralli entaha tondaregaLella ive embudannu, mattu avugaLiginta bhinnavAda hAgU kannaDadavE Ada kannaDadalliveyundu kriyAsamAsa sAdhisuvudu hEge asAdhya embudannu keLage vivarisalAgide. gamakasamAsagaLembavu mattu
5.7.1 tatpuruSha
samskxtadalli rAjEndra, indradhanu modalAda jODupadagaLannu ‘tatpuruSha’vemba hesarininda kareyalAguttade. (5.5)ralli vivarisida hAge, I jODupadagaLalli eraDaneya anga pradhAna padavAgide emba viShaya idakke AdhAravAgide. Adare kannaDada jODupadagaLannu I viShayada AdhArada mEle hesarisuvudarinda yAva prayOjanavU dorakalAradu.
yAkendare, kannaDadalli heccu kaDime ellA jODupadagaLallU eraDaneya anga pradhAna padavAgiruttade (5.6 nODi). hAgAgi, mElina viShayavannu baLasidalli kannaDada ellA jODupadagaLU tatpuruShavemba ondE samAsakke udAharaNegaLAgaballuvu. endare, mElina viShayavannu baLasidalli namage kannaDadalli jODupadagaLa vibhajaneyE siguvudilla.
udAharaNegAgi, samskxtada avyayIbhAvakke samanAgiruva (‘amSi’ emba hesarina) samAsakke kannaDa vyAkaraNagaLalli udAharaNegaLannAgi koDuva keLaduTi (keLagina tuTi) horabAgilu (horagina bAgilu) modalAdavugaLalli eraDaneya anga pradhAna padavennalu yAva tondareyU illa.
idE rItiyalli, kannaDada vayyAkaraNigaLu bahuvrIhi samAsakke udAharaNegaLannAgi koDuva haNegaNNa, calavAdi modalAdavugaLallU keLage (5.8.6)ralli vivarisiruva hAge eraDaneya angavAgi baruva pada pradhAnavendu vAdisalu sAdhyavide.
idallade, kannaDa vayyAkaraNigaLu gamaka, kriyAsamAsa modalAda itara hesarugaLinda kareyuva jODupada illave padakantegaLallU eraDaneya padavE pradhAna padavAgiruttade.
hAgAgi, kannaDada maTTige tatpuruSha samAsa embudu ondu anavaSyakavAda kalpane.
5.7.2 karmadhAraya
kannaDa vyAkaraNagaLalli karmadhAraya samAsakke koDuva udAharaNe gaLalli heccinavU jODupadagaLE alla. guNapadagaLannu kannaDadalli hAgeyE avugaLige vibhakti pratyayagaLannu sErisade nAmapadagaLondige baLasuva kramavideyAda kAraNa, samskxtada jODupadagaLondige hOlisidAga avu jODupadagaLa hAge kANisuttave. Adare nijakkU kannaDadalli avu padakantegaLallade jODupadagaLallavembudannu mEle (5.3)ralli spaShTavAgi tOrisikoDalAgide. karmadhArayakke koTTiruva bEre kelavu jODupadagaLu (kirugejje, eLanIru, haLagannaDa, beLgallu modalAdavugaLu) kannaDadalli jODu padagaLAgiveyAdarU avannu tatpuruShada upavibhAgavendu hELalu sAdhyavAgadu. idakke kAraNavEnendare, kannaDadalli I jODupadagaLa modalaneya angavAgi bandiruva pada nAmapadavalla. adu guNapada vemba bEreyE ondu padavagrakke sEruva pada.
hAgAgi, I jODupadagaLu karmadhAra samAsakke udAharaNe gaLendu hELuvudiddalli, adu samskxtada hAge tatpuruShada anga vAgirade, bEreyE ondu samAsavAgideyundu vAdisabEkAguttade. mEle koTTiruva guNapadaviruva jODupadagaLannu avugaLa anga gaLeraDu ondE vibhaktiyallilladiddarU karmadhArayavendu karedalli bErondu tondare kANisikoLLuttade. adEnendare, angagaLAgi bandiruva padagaLalli eraDU ondE vibhaktiyalliruvantaha eraDu nAmapadagaLannu sErisi racisida jODupadagaLU kannaDadalli kelavive.
udAharaNegAgi aramane (arasanu iruva mane), kAlmaNe (kAlu irisuva maNe) modalAda jODupadagaLalli ondE vibhaktiyalliruva eraDu nAmapadagaLu oTTige sErive. Adare ivugaLa modalaneya pada guNapadavallavAda kAraNa, mEle sUcisida abhiprAyada mErege avu karmadhArayavAgalAravu. antU karmadhArayavannu samskxtada hAgeyE kannaDakke aLavaDisuvudu asAdhya.
mEle (5.5.2)nE vibhAgadalli kriyApadaviruva jODupada gaLendu karediruva hurigaDale, siDimaddu, kaDegOlu embantaha karmadhArayavendu kelavaru vayyAkaraNigaLu jODupadagaLannu parigaNisiddAre (SrIkanThayya 1952 nODi). intaha jODupadagaLige hurida kaDale, siDiyuva maddu, kaDeyuva kOlu embudAgi kriyA padada kxdantarUpavondannu baLasiruva oLanuDi(vigrahavAkya)vannu koDuvudara mUlaka idannu samarthisalAgide.
Adare illU jODupadada angagaLAgi bandiruva padagaLalli modalaneyadu nAmapadavalla (oLanuDiyallU modalaneyadu) embudannu gamanisabEku. samskxtadalli kxdantagaLu nAmapadagaLAgi baLakeyAguttave. yAkendare, avakke vibhakti pratyayagaLannu sErisalu sAdhyavide. Adare kannaDadalli kxdantagaLu nAmapadagaLalla; avu guNapadagaLa jAgadalli (endare nAmapadagaLa viSEShaNagaLAgi) baLake yAgaballa kriyArUpagaLu mAtra.
5.7.3 dvigu
tatpuruSha samAsakke sErida jODupadagaLalli modalaneya angavAgi ondu eNikeya pada bandideyAdare, avannu samskxtada vayyA karaNigaLu dvigu emba ondu upavibhAgadalli vagrIkarisuttAre. samskxtadalli eNikeya padagaLu itara nAmapadagaLa hAgeyE baLakeyAguvuvAda kAraNa I samAsavannu samskxtadalli tatpuruShada ondu upavibhAgavendu parigaNisuvudaralli tappilla.
Adare kannaDadalli eNikeya padagaLu kelavu viShayagaLalli nAma padagaLa hAge baLakeyAguttave mattu bEre kelavu viShayagaLalli guNapadagaLa hAge baLakeyAguttave. udAharaNegAgi, bEre nAmapada gaLondige baLasidAga avu kannaDadalli nAmapadagaLa hAge ShaShThI vibhakti yalli baruvudilla. idakke badalu guNapadagaLa hAge yAva pratyaya
dondigU sErade hAgeyE baruttave (mUru pustakagaLannu, mUru pustakagaLige).
nAmapadagaLa jAgadalli baruvAga mAtra avu itara nAmapadagaLa hAge vibhakti pratyayagaLondige baruttave (mUrannu illi koDu).
ibbhAga, immaDi, munnUru, naluvattu modalAda jODu padagaLa oLaracaneyalli eNikeya padagaLu guNapadagaLa hAge vibhakti pratyayavillade baLakeyAgiveyAda kAraNa antaha jODupadagaLannu guNapadaviruva jODupadagaLa vibhAgadalli sErisuvudE oLLeyadu.
I jODupadagaLa angagaLAgi baruva padagaLu samAna (illavE asamAna) vibhaktiyalliruvavugaLendu hELalu sAdhyavillavAda kAraNa (avu yAva vibhaktiyallU illavAda kAraNa) avannu tatpuruShadalli sErisuvudu kannaDada maTTigantU kaShTasAdhya.
5.7.4 avyayIbhAva
samskxtadalli yathASakti, upakxShNam, pratidinam, parOkSham modalAda jODupadagaLannu avyayIbhAva samAsakke udAharaNe gaLannAgi koDuvudu krama. ivugaLalli avyayadondige nAmapadavannu sErisalAgide, mattu I jODupadagaLannu vAkyagaLalli avyayagaLAgi baLasalAguttade. Adare kannaDadalli I rIti avyayakke nAmapadagaLannu sErisi racisida mattu vAkyagaLalli avyayagaLAgi baLakeyAguva jODupadagaLu kANisuvudillavAda kAraNa, mEle koTTiruva samskxtada jODupada gaLalli kANisuva innondu amSavannu AdhAravAgirisuva mUlaka, kannaDadalli avyayIbhAvakke udAharaNegaLannu huDuki hiDiyalAgide.
mEle koTTiruva samskxtada jODupadagaLalli modalaneya anga vAgi bandiruva pada pradhAnavAgiddu, I viShayadalli adu itara jODupadagaLiginta bhinnavAgide. udAharaNegAgi, yathASakti jODu padadalli Sakti embudu pradhAna padavalla, yathA embudE pradhAna pada. ‘eShTu SaktiyideyO aShTu’ embudAgi idu Saktiya pramANa vannu sUcisuva jODupada.
idE rItiyalli, kannaDadalli baruva tudinAlige, angay, hora may, hingAlu modalAdavugaLa modalaneya anga pradhAna
bhAvisi, avannu I
yumbudAgi
padavAgide samAsakke udAharaNegaLannAgi kannaDa vyAkaraNagaLalli koDalAgide (idu yAke tappu embudannu keLage vivarisalAgide).
idallade, I jODupadagaLu kannaDadalli avyayagaLAgi baLake yAguvudillavAda kAraNa kelavaru vayyAkaraNigaLu avannu avyayI bhAvavendu kareyade ‘amSi’ endu kareyuttAre. ivugaLalli amSavannu amSiyondige sambandhisalAguttadeyembudE idakke AdhAra.
udAharaNegAgi, tudinAlige jODupadadalli tudi embudu nAligeya ondu amSavannu sUcisuttade; I amSavannu paDediruva nAlige padadondige (endare amSiyondige) tudi emba adara amSavannu sUcisuva padavannu sErisi tudinAlige padavannu tayArisa Adare mele sUcisida hAge, intaha jODupadagaLalli ellavakkU modalaneya anga pradhAna padavAgiruttade endu hELuvudu kaShTa. udAharaNegAgi horabAgilu embudakke ‘bAgilina horagu’ (athavA ‘bAgilina horage’) emba oLanuDiyannu koTTare adu A padada arthavannu sariyAgi sUcisalAradu. horabAgilu embudu horagina bAgilannu sUcisuvudAda kAraNa, adaralli eraDaneya pada pradhAna vAgideyallade modalaneyadalla.
idE rItiyalli keLaduTi jODupadakke ‘tuTiya keLagu’ emba oLanuDiyannu koTTare adu A padada arthavannu sariyAgi sUcisalAradu. nijakkU I jODupada ‘keLagina tuTi’yannu sUcisuva kAraNa, karmadhArayakke mAtravE udAharaNeyAgaballudu. idallade, idE amSi samAsakke kannaDada vayyAkaraNigaLu udA haraNegaLannAgi koDuva hingAlu, horamay, naDuhagalu modalAda bEre kelavu jODupadagaLalli kANisuva angagaLalli yAvudU pradhAna padavAgi illadiruvudannu gamanisabahudu.
udAharaNegAgi, naDuhagalu embudu ‘hagalina naDu bhAga’vannu sUcisuvudAda kAraNa adara angagaLAgi bandiruva naDu mattu hagalu emba eraDu padagaLalli yAvudU adara pradhAna padavAgirade, A jODupadada horagiruva bhAga emba pada adara pradhAna padavendu hELabEkAguttade.
hAgAgi I padagaLannu amSi samAsakke udAharaNegaLannAgi koDuva badalu bahuvrIhi samAsakke udAharaNegaLannAgi koDuvudE yOgya vendu tOruttade.
‘amSi’ pAribhAShika padavU kannaDada I jODupadagaLannu varNisalu samaprakavAdudalla. yAkendare, amSa mattu amSigaLa naDuviruva sambandhavannu sUcisadiruvantaha cikkamma, doDDappa modalAda jODupadagaLallU intahadE racane kANisuttade (5.5.3 nODi).
5.7.5 dvandva
dvandva samAsakke kannaDadalli koTTiruva udAharaNegaLella padakante gaLallade jODupadagaLalla. samskxtadalli rAmalakShmaNav, mAtA pitarav modalAdavugaLannu jODupadagaLendu kareyalu avugaLa angagaLAgi bandiruva padagaLalli koneyadarondige mAtra vibhakti pratyayagaLu bandiveyumbudE mukhya kAraNa. intaha jODupadagaLalli eraDE angagaLirabEkendEnilla. udA haraNegAgi, rOgaSOkaparitApabandhanavyasanAni emba jODupada dalli oTTu aydu angagaLive.
Adare kannaDadalli jODupadagaLannu vibhakti pratyayada baLake yAgideyE athavA illavE emba viShayada AdhArada mEle varNisalu illavE vibhajisalu sAdhyavillavembudannu nAvu mEle (5.3)ralli nODiruvevu. hAgAgi, dvandvavemba samAsa kannaDadalli illavendu hELuvudE oLLeyadu.
5.7.6 bahuvrIhi
samskxtadalli cakrapANi ‘kayyalli cakravannu hiDidavanu’, pItAmbara ‘haLadi baTTeyannuTTavanu’, dattadhana ‘haNavannu koTTavanu’ modalAda jODupadagaLannu bahuvrIhi samAsakke udAharaNegaLannAgi koDuvudu krama. I jODupadagaLa angagaLAgi bandiruva padagaLalli yAva padavU adara pradhAna padavAgilladiruvudE avannu bahuvrIhiyendu kareyalu kAraNa.
udAharaNegAgi, cakrapANi jODupadadalli cakra mattu pANi ‘kay’ emba eraDu padagaLu oTTu sEriddu, A padagaLiginta bhinnavAda sa:
‘avanu’ illavE vyakti emba pada adara pradhAna padavAgide. endare, cakrapANi embudu cakravannAgali, kayyannAgali hesarisade, kayyalli cakravannu hiDidiruva obba vyaktiyannu (kxShNanannu) hesarisuttade.
kannaDa vyAkaraNagaLalli bahuvrIhi samAsakke udAharaNegaLAgi koDuva haNegaNNa, calavAdi, geDDemUga, haNAhaNi modalAda jODupadagaLalli I rIti avugaLa angagaLAgiruva padagaLalli yAvudU pradhAna padavalla endu vAdisuvudu kaShTasAdhya.
udAharaNegAgi, calavAdi embudaralli eraDaneya angavAgi bandiruva vAdi padavannu pradhAna padavendu parigaNisalu sAdhyavide. kannaDada vayyAkaraNigaLu bahuvrIhige udAharaNeyAgi koDuva itara halavAru jODupadagaLU samskxtada bahuvrIhi padagaLiginta ondu mukhyavAda viShayadalli bhinnavAgive embudannu illi gamanisuvudu avaSya. samskxtadalli nAmapadagaLondige baruva vibhakti pratyayagaLu nAmapadagaLa linga, vacana, mattu vibhakti I mUrannU sUcisuttave embudannu nAvu munde ELanE adhyAyadalli nODaliruvevu. Adare kannaDadalli baLakeyAguva vibhakti pratyayagaLu vibhaktiyannu mAtra sUcisuttave. linga mattu vacanagaLannu sUcisalu kannaDadalli bEreyE pratyayagaLive.
udAharaNegAgi, samskxtada gurubhyaH embudaralli bandiruva bhyaH vibhaktipratyaya pullinga, bahuvacana mattu caturthI vibhakti - I mUrannU oTTAgi sUcisuttade. Adare idakke samanAgi kannaDadalli baruva gurugaLige nAmapadarUpadalli gaLu pratyaya bahuvacanavannu mAtra sUcisuttade; caturthI vibhaktiyannu sUcisuvudakkAgi I padarUpadalli bahuvacana pratyayakkinta bhinnavAgiruva ige pratyaya samskxtada pItAmbara jODupadavannu (athavA bEre yAvudE nAmapadavannu) samskxta vAkyadalli prayOgisabEkAdAga adakke linga, vacana mattu vibhakti I mUrannU sUcisuvantaha vibhakti pratyaya vondannu sErisalEbEkemba niyamavide. Adare kannaDadalli calavAdi jODupadavannu (illavE itara yAvudE nAmapadavannu) vAkyadalli hAgeyE adakke yAva pratyayavannU sErisade baLasalu sAdhya. idu samskxta mattu kannaDa bhAShegaLa naDuviruva innondu mukhya vyatyAsa.
(14ka) pItAmbaraH kutra gataH
‘haLadi baTTeyuTTavanu ellige hOda? ’
(14kha) calavAdi ellige hOda?
mEle koTTiruva (14ka) samskxta vAkyadalli pItAmbara padavannu adakke pullinga-Ekavacana-prathamA vibhakti pratyayavAda as embu dannu (visagrarUpadalli) sErisi baLasalAgide. Adare (14kha) kannaDa vAkyadalli calavAdi padavannu adakke yAva pratyayavannU sErisade hAgeyE baLasalAgide.
samskxtada pItAmbara jODupadadalli pIta mattu ambara emba eraDu padagaLu mAtra A jODupadada angagaLAgi bandive. avugaLa anantara baruva as embudu linga, vacana mattu vibhaktigaLannu sUcisuva pratyaya (idu illi visagrarUpadallide). I pratyaya pItAmbara padada angavalla; A padavannu vAkyadalli prayOgisuvAga adarondige baLasabEkAgiruva pratyaya mAtra.
Adare kannaDada calavAdi padadalli cala mattu vAda emberaDu padagaLu mAtravallade i pratyayavU A padada angavAgi bandide. pItAmbaraH embudaralli baruva as pratyayada hAge calavAdi embudaralli baruva i pratyayavannu kannaDadalli ondu padarUpa pratyayavendu parigaNisalu yAva AdhAravU illa.
illi mukhyavAgi gamanisabEkAgiruva viShayavEnendare, vAda padada anantara baruva i pratyaya kannaDadalli padaracanege sambandhisidu dallade padarUpada racanege (illavE vAkyaracanege) sambandhisidudalla. hAgAgi, I jODupadavannu eraDu rItiyalli varNisalu sAdhyavide.
(1) cala mattu vAdi emba eraDu padagaLu adara angagaLendu hELabahudu; illavE
(2) cala mattu vAda emba eraDu padagaLu mattu i emba pratyaya - I mUru adara angagaLendu hELabahudu.
modalaneya varNaneya prakAra, vAdi embudu calavAdi jODupadada pradhAna padavenisuttade mattu I kAraNakkAgi adu bahuvrIhige udAharaNeyAgalAradu.
eraDaneya vidhAnada prakAra, pada mattu pratyayagaLeraDU I jODupadada oLaracaneyalli baLakeyAgiveyAda kAraNa, adannu jODupadagaLiginta bhinnavAgiruva bEreyE ondu vagradalli sErisuva avaSyakateyide.
endare, karmadhAraya samAsadinda siddhavAda calavAda jODu padakke i pratyayavannu sErisuvudara mUlaka calavAdi padavannu tayArisalAgideyundu hELabEkAguttade.
5.7.7 kriyAsamAsa
kannaDadalli samskxtadallillada kriyAsamAsavemba hosadondu rItiya samAsavideyendu kannaDa vayyAkaraNigaLu hELiruvudu kannaDa mattu samskxta bhAShegaLa naDuve vibhaktigaLa baLakeyalliruva vyatyAsavannu sari yAgi tiLidukoLLadudarindAgi embudannu nAvu mEle (5.3.5ralli) nODiruvevu.
maravEru, kaymugi, marehogu, billettu, niddemADu modalA davugaLannu ivaru kriyAsamAsakke udAharaNegaLannAgi koTTiddAre. intaha baLakegaLalli nAmapadada vibhakti pratyaya (dvitIyA vibhakti pratyaya) lOpagonDiruvudu nijavAdarU adu kannaDada ondu vAkyaracaneya niyamada mUlaka lOpagonDideyallade padaracaneya niyamada mUlakavalla. idakke badalu modalaneya angavAgi ondu kriyApada bandiruva cuccumaddu, suLigALi, bIsugallu modalAda kannaDakke viSiShTa jODupadagaLannE kriyAsamAsakke udAharaNegaLannAgi vAgiruva koDuvudu oLLeyadu (5.5.2 nODi).
5.7.8 gamaka samAsa
kannaDada innondu viSiShTa samAsavendu parigaNisalpaTTiruva gamaka samAsavU idE rItiyadu. kannaDa vyAkaraNagaLalli idakke udAharaNe gaLannAgi (1) modalaneya angadalli ShaShThI vibhaktiyannu hAgeyE uLisikonDiruva bisiya hAlu, kiriya maga modalAdavugaLannu, (2) kxt pratyayavannu hAgeyE uLisikonDiruva tUguva toTTilu, kanDa vicAra modalAdavugaLannu mattu (3) modalaneya angadalli
vibhakti pratyayavillade baruva A mara, I huDuga modalAdavugaLannu koDuvudu rUDhi.
Adare nijakkU ivu kannaDadalli padakantegaLallade jODupadagaLalla. mEle (5.3.3-4)ralli vivarisiruva hAge, kxdantagaLu mattu A, I modalAda jAgavannu sUcisuva padagaLu padakantegaLalli vibhakti pratyayavillade baruttaveyumbudu kannaDa bhASheya vAkyaracaneya niyamavallade padaracaneya niyamavalla. hAgAgi intaha racanegaLannu padakantegaLendu hELabEkallade jODupadagaLendu hesarisuvudakke kannaDadalli yAva AdhAravU illa (sEDiyApu kxShNabhaTTa 1992:269 nODi).
5.8 samskxtadinda eravalAgi banda jODupadagaLu
kannaDakke samskxtadinda halavAru padagaLu eravalAgi bandiddu ivugaLalli jODupadagaLU halavive. I jODupadagaLu entahavu, avannu varNisuvudakkAgi samskxta vyAkaraNagaLalli baLakeyalliruva vidhAnavannE kannaDa vyAkaraNadallU baLasalu sAdhyavE? endare, samskxtadinda eravalAgi bandiruva I jODupadagaLalli samskxtada nAlku (illavE Aru) samAsagaLannu kANalu sAdhyavE embudannu illi pariSIlisuva avaSyakateyide.
5.8.1 jODupadagaLa oLanuDigaLu
I padagaLu samskxtadinda eravalAgi bandiveyAdarU kannaDadalli avakke kannaDaddE Ada, endare kannaDada vyAkaraNa niyamagaLige hondikoLLuvantaha baLakegaLive. hAgAgi, avugaLa oLaracaneyannu kannaDadavE Ada niyamagaLa mUlaka varNisuva avaSyakateyide.
udAharaNegAgi, I jODupadagaLige oLanuDi(vigrahavAkya)vannu hELuvAga adannu kannaDadalli hELabEkallade samskxtadalli hELidare adu kannaDadalli A padagaLa oLaracaneyentahadu embudannu tiLisa lAradu. kannaDa vayyAkaraNigaLalli heccinavarU samskxtadinda eravalAgi bandiruva jODupadagaLige samskxta vayyAkaraNigaLu koDuva oLa nuDigaLannu hAgeyE kannaDadallU koTTiddAre. idu sariyalla. samskxtadinda eravalAgi bandiruva ellA jODupadagaLigU kannaDadalli oLaracaneyannu kalpisikoLLalu sAdhyavAgadembudannu illi
gamanisuvudu avaSya. Adare idu kannaDadavE Ada padagaLigU anvayisuvantaha sangati.
udAharaNegAgi, kannaDada eNNe pada eLLu mattu ney emba eraDu padagaLu oTTige sEridudarindAgi siddhavAda jODupadavendu hELuvudakke cAritrika AdhAravide. Adare hosagannaDadalli I padavannu I rIti oLaracaneyiruva padavendu parigaNisalu aShTondu samapraka vAda AdhAravilla. hAgAgi, hosagannaDada maTTige eNNe emba padavannu oLaracaneyillada padavendu parigaNisuvudE mElu.
idE rItiyalli samskxtadinda eravalAgi banda padagaLalli kelavannu jODupadagaLendu parigaNisuva badalu kannaDada maTTige oLaracane yillada padagaLendu parigaNisuva avaSyakate kanDubandItu. idakke kAraNavEnendare, sAdhisalu AdhAraviddarU A padadondige antaha AdhAra kannaDakke eravalAgi bAradiralu sAdhyavide. idu nAvu varNisuttiruva kannaDada bEre bEre prabhEdagaLalli bEre bEreyAgiralU sAdhyavide. samskxtadalli avakke oLaracaneyannu
5.8.2 vibhajane
samskxtadinda eravalAgi bandu hosagannaDadalli baLakege bandiruva jODupadagaLige kannaDadavE Ada oLanuDigaLannu koTTu pariSIlisidalli, avannu eraDu mukhya vagragaLalli vingaDisalu sAdhya emba viShaya spaShTavAguttade. modalaneya angavAgi (1) nAmapadaviruvavu mattu (2) guNapadaviruvavugaLu embavugaLE I eraDu vagragaLu.
ivu mEle kannaDadavE Ada jODupadagaLannu vibhajisuvalli baLasida vagragaLE embudannu gamanisabahudu. modalaneya angavAgi kriyApadaviruvavu emba mUranE vagra mAtra I eravalAgi bandiruva jODupadagaLalli kANisuvudilla. nAmapadaviruva jODupadagaLa eraDu angagaLannu kannaDadavE Ada jODupadagaLa hAge ShaShThI vibhaktiya mUlaka sambandhisalu sAdhya embudannu keLagina udAharaNegaLinda tiLiyabahudu.
oLanuDi
mAnada hAni
yugada Adi
jODupada mAnahAni yugAdi
lagnada patrike jagattina guru
bhUmiya kampa
lagnapatrike jagadguru bhUkampa
samskxtadinda eravalAgi banda jODupadagaLalli ellavannU I rIti ShaShThI vibhaktiya mUlaka sAdhisalu sAdhyavAgadu. kelavu jODu padagaLa angagaLAgi bandiruva padagaLalli modalaneyadu kannaDadalli nAmapadavAgi baLakeyallilladiruvudE idakke kAraNa.
udAharaNegAgi, kxShNasapra, gADhanidre, mUlanivAsi, Subha kArya, mahAnagara, dxDhamanassu, pUrNavirAma, dIrghAyuShya modalAdavugaLa angagaLannu mEle koTTiruva jODupadagaLalli kANisuva hAge ShaShThI vibhaktiya mUlaka sambandhisalu sAdhyavAgadu.
intaha jODupadagaLalli kelavakke oLanuDiyannu koDuvAga avugaLa modalaneya angavAgi bandiruva padavannu Agu kriyApadada viSEShaNavannAgi mADi hELalu sAdhyavide.
jODupada
oLanuDi
gADhavAda nidre
dxDhavAda manassu
dxDhamanassu
dIrghavAda AyuShya dIrghAyuShya
gADhanidre
Adare bEre kelavakke (kxShNasapra, paralOka, mUlanivAsi modalAdavugaLige) I rIti Agu kriyApadavannu baLasi oLanuDiyannu hELalu sAdhyavAgadu. idakke kAraNavEnendare, I guNapadaviruva jODupadagaLige kriyAviSEShaNa mattu nAmaviSEShaNa embudAgi eraDu mUlagaLive.
kriyAviSEShaNa mUlavAgiruva jODupadagaLige oLanuDiyannu hELabEkiddalli avugaLa modalaneya angavannu Agu kriyApadada viSEShaNavannAgi mADi hELalu sAdhyavAguttade, Adare nAmaviSEShaNa mUlavAgiruva jODupadagaLige antaha oLanuDiyannu hELalu sAdhyavAguvudilla.
5.9 tiruLu
kannaDada jODupadagaLige kannaDadavE Ada oLaracanegaLiveyAda kAraNa, samskxtada samAsa vidhAnagaLannu kannaDa vyAkaraNadalli hAgeyE aLavaDisikoLLalu sAdhyavAgadu. samskxtadinda eravalAgi bandiruva jODupadagaLigU kannaDadalli intaha kannaDadavE Ada oLaracanegaLu iveyallade samskxtadalliruvantaha oLaracanegaLilla.
samskxta vyAkaraNadalli jODupadagaLannu sAmAnyavAgi avugaLa angagaLAgi baruva padagaLalli yAvudu pradhAna emba viShayada AdhArada mEle vingaDisuvudu krama. eraDaneya anga pradhAnavAdare tatpuruSha, modalaneyadu pradhAnavAdare avyayIbhAva, eraDU pradhAnavAdare dvandva, mattu ondU pradhAnavallavAdare (endare horagina padavondu pradhAnavAgideyAdare) bahuvrIhi embudAgi adara jODupadagaLannu vibhajisalAguttade. Adare kannaDadalli baruva jODupadagaLalli heccinavugaLallU eraDaneya pada pradhAnavAgiruttade. hAgAgi avugaLa vibhajaneyannu samskxtada hAge angavAgi bandiruva padagaLa prAdhAnyateya AdhArada mEle sAdhisuvudarinda txptikaravAda vibhajane sigalAradu.
I jODupadagaLalli eraDaneya anga heccinavugaLallU nAmapada vAgiddu, modaneyadu nAmapada, guNapada illavE kriyApadavAgiralu sAdhyavide. hAgAgi kannaDada jODupadagaLannu avugaLa modalaneya angada padavagravannAdharisi mUru mukhya vibhAgagaLalli (nAmapada viruvavu, guNapadaviruvavu mattu kriyApadaviruvavu embudAgi) vingaDisuvudu kannaDa vyAkaraNada maTTige atyanta samaprakavAda vidhAna vendu hELabahudu. samskxtadinda kannaDakke eravalAgi banda jODu padagaLigU I vibhajane anvayisuttade.