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2. sErikeya niyamagaLu
2.1 munnOTa
ondu padadondige innondu padavannu illavE pratyayavannu sErisi dAga A padadalli illavE pratyayadalli kANisikoLLuva badalAvaNegaLannu vayyAkaraNigaLu ‘sandhikAryagaLu’ embudAgi kareyuttAre. ivannE illi ‘sErikeya niyamagaLe’ndu kareyalAgide.
udAharaNegAgi, nela nAmapadakke kaDale nAmapadavannu sErisi nelagaDale emba jODupadavannu tayArisidAga, eraDaneya padada (nela+kaDale> suruvinalliruva nelagaDale). hambala nAmapadakke isu pratyayavannu sErisi hambalisu kriyApada vannu tayArisidAga modalaneya padada koneyalliruva akAra biddu hOguttade (hambala+isu>hambalisu).
intaha sErikeya niyamagaLu ellA bhAShegaLallU ondE teranAgi kANisikoLLuvudilla. udAharaNegAgi, akAradalli konegoLLuva ondu padadondige akAradalli suruvAguva innondu padavannu sErisidAga, kannaDadalli modalaneya akAra bidduhOgi eraDaneyadu uLidukoLLu ttade (nanna+aNNa>nannaNNa, banda+alli>bandalli).
Adare samskxtadalli I rIti eraDu akAragaLu sEridAga avu gaLalli ondu bidduhOguva badalu averaDU oTTu sEri AkAra kANisikoLLuttade (pada+artha>padArtha, mukhya+adhikAri> mukhyA ukArada munde akAra bandAga kannaDadalli ukAra bidduhOgi akAra uLiyuttade (bennu+aTTu>bennaTTu, kappu+alla>kappalla) Adare samskxtadalli ukArada badalu vakAra baruttade, mattu adara anantarada akAra uLidiruttade (manu+antara>manvantara, guru+ akShara>guvrakShara).
samskxta mattu kannaDa bhAShegaLa naDuve sErikeya niyamagaLa maTTige intaha halavAru mukhyavAda vyatyAsagaLive. padaracane illavE
vAkyaracaneyalli kANisuva vyatyAsagaLigintalU sErikeya niyamagaLalli kANisuva I vyatyAsagaLu bahaLa sulabhavAgi kaNNige gOcarisuttave. I kAraNakkAgiyO EnO, kannaDada vayyAkaraNigaLu samskxtada sErikeya niyamagaLannu hAgeyE kannaDada mEle hEralu prayatnisilla. avaru bareda vyAkaraNagaLalli ‘kannaDasandhi’ mattu ‘samskxtasandhi’ embudAgi eraDu vibhAgagaLiruvudannu gamanisabahudu.
2.1.1 paThyapustakagaLalli sErikeya niyamagaLu
hIgiddarU pavraDhaSAleya vidyArthigaLigAgi bareyalAgiruva kannaDa vyAkaraNagaLalli (paThyapustakagaLalli) kannaDasandhi mattu samskxta sandhi emba I eraDu rItiya sErikeya niyamagaLannu kalisikoDalu baLasiruva krama mAtra aShTondu sariyAdudendu nanage tOruvu dilla. idakke kAraNagaLu halavive. modalaneyadAgi, kannaDada I vyAkaraNa paThyapustakagaLalli kannaDa sandhigaLu yAvuvu mattu samskxta sandhigaLu yAvuvu embudannu bEre bEreyAgi hELalAgide. yAva rItiyalli avu ondakkinta ondu bhinnavAgive embudannu vivarisalu yatnisilla.
eraDaneyadAgi, kannaDasandhigaLu yAvuvembudannu vivarisuvAga hosagannaDa mattu haLegannaDagaLa naDuviruva vyatyAsavannu gamanisilla. modalige hosagannaDada sErikeya (sandhi)niyamagaLu yAvuvembudannu hosagannaDadavE Ada udAharaNegaLa mUlaka vivarisi hELi, anantara bEkiddare avakkinta bhinnavAgiruva sErikeya niyamagaLu haLegannaDadalli kANisikoLLuttaveyE, kANisikoLLuvudiddalli avu entahavu embudannu vivarisidalli vidyArthigaLige avannu arthamADikoLLalu heccu sulabha vAgaballudu. mUraneyadAgi, nijakkU samskxtadalli entaha sErikeya niyama gaLella kANisikoLLuttave embudannu kannaDa vyAkaraNadalli nEravAgi vivarisuva avaSyakate illa. kannaDakkinta bhinnavAda sErikeya niyamagaLu hindi, marAThi, ingliSh modalAda bhAShegaLallU kANisuttiddu, avannella hEge kannaDa vyAkaraNadalli vivarisuva avaSyakateyillavO hAgeyE samskxtada sErikeya niyamagaLannU kannaDada vyAkaraNadalli vivaravAgi tiLisi hELuva avaSyakateyilla.
hIgiddarU, samskxtadinda eravalAgi bandiruva halavAru pada gaLu kannaDadalli baLakeyalliruva kAraNa avugaLalli kANisuva sErikeya niyamagaLentahavu embudannu vivarisuvudarinda vidyArthigaLige prayOjanavAgaballudu. hindi, ingliSh modalAda bhAShegaLindalU kannaDakke halavu padagaLu eravalAgi bandiveyEnO nija; Adare, samskxtadinda eravalAgi banda padagaLige kannaDadalli iruvantaha viSiShTavAda sthAna A padagaLigilla.
udAharaNegAgi, kannaDadalli hosa hosa pAribhAShika padagaLannu sxShTisabEkiddalli sAmAnyavAgi nAvu samskxtada marehoguttEve. I kAraNakkAgiyU kannaDa vyAkaraNadalli itara bhAShegaLa sErikeya niyama gaLiginta samskxtada sErikeya niyamagaLige ondu viSiShTavAda sthAnavannu koDuvudaralli avcityavide.
Adare samskxtada sErikeya niyamagaLa varNaneyannu nEravAgi adara vyAkaraNadinda etti kannaDa vyAkaraNadalli irisuva badalu, kannaDa vyAkaraNavannu kaliyuvavarige anukUlavAguva hAge adannu aLavaDisi konDalli adu heccu upayuktavAgaballudu.
2.1.2 samskxtada niyamagaLannu tiLisuva krama
samskxtadalli baLakeyAguva sErikeya niyamagaLannu kannaDa kaliyuva makkaLige arthavAguva hAge mattu sahAyakavAguva hAge tiLisi hELabEkiddalli modalige samskxtadinda hosagannaDakke entaha padagaLella eravalAgi bandive embudannu pariSIlisabEku mattu A padagaLalli kannaDada sErikeya nimamagaLiginta bhinnavAgiruva niyamagaLu entaha vella kANisikoLLuttave embudannu kanDuhiDiyabEku.
I bhinnavAgiruva sErikeya niyamagaLannu kannaDakke eravalAgi bandiruva samskxta padagaLannu mAtravE udAharaNegaLannAgi koTTu vivarisi hELabEku. anantara avu kannaDada sErikeya niyamagaLiginta yAva rItiyalli bhinnavAgive embudannu vivarisi hELabEku. I rIti mADidalli vidyArthigaLige avannu artha mADikoLLalu heccu sulabha vAdItendu nanage anisuttade. kannaDa vyAkaraNada paThyapustakagaLalli kANisuva hAge gangOrmi, mEghavgha, mahavja, nadaDDamaruka, lasatShODaSha, AyaShTanka modalAda kannaDa barahagaLallellU (vyAkaraNada paThyapustakagaLannu biTTu)
kANisadiruvantaha samskxtada padagaLannu illavE padakantegaLannu samskxtada sErikeya niyamagaLige udAhaNegaLAgi koTTalli kannaDavannu kaliyabEkendiruva vidyArthigaLige anavaSyakavAgi tondareyunTAga balludallade adarinda avarige yAva prayOjanavU sigalAradu.
I udAharaNegaLu sUcisuva samskxtada niyamagaLu kannaDakke eravalAgi bandiruva pada illavE padakantegaLalli kANisadiruvudE namma vayyAkaraNigaLu hIge mADalu kAraNavirabahudu. hIgiddalli, antaha samskxtada niyamagaLannu kannaDa vyAkaraNadalli, adarallU pavraDha SAleya vidyArthigaLigAgi barediruva vyAkaraNa paThyadalli, vivarisuva avaSyakateyE illa. idallade, kannaDakke eravalAgi bandiruva mattu kannaDada barahagaLalli AgAga kANisikoLLuva samskxtada pada mattu padakantegaLalli baruva sErikeya niyamagaLannu varNisuvAga avakke samskxtada vayyAkaraNi gaLu koDuva pAribhAShika padagaLannu hAgeyE kannaDa vyAkaraNagaLallU baLasuva avaSyakateyilla.
kannaDada SAlAvyAkaraNagaLalli samskxtada sErikeya niyamagaLannu
paricayisuvAga Scutva, ShTutva, jastva, chatva, yaN, guNa, vxddhi, modalAda pAribhAShika padagaLannu hAgeyE samskxta vyAkaraNadinda etti hAkuva sampradAya beLedu bandide. vyAkaraNavendare ondu niShprayOjakavAda kagganTu emba abhiprAya vidyArthigaLalli mUDalu mAtra idu sahAyakavAgaballudu. I pAribhAShika padagaLinda kannaDa vyAkaraNavannu kaliyuvalli yAva prayOjanavU dorakalAradendu nanage anisuttade. udAharaNegAgi, samskxtadinda eravalAgi bandiruva vidyuttu pada Sakti padadoDane sEridAga vidyucchakti emba jODupada siddhavAguttade. illi vidyuttu embudara koneya eraDu varNagaLu (t mattu u) bidduhOgi vidyut embudu uLidide mattu adara koneya takAra cakAravAgide. idallade, I padada anantara bandiruva Sakti padada modalaneya vyanjana S endiddudu ch endAgide.
vidyucchakti padadalli kANisuva sErikeya niyamavannu I rIti vidyArthigaLige sulabhavAgi arthavAguva hAge vivarisi hELuva badalu A padadalli Scutva mattu chatvagaLemba eraDu sandhikAryagaLu naDedive endu hELuvudarinda heccina prayOjanavEnU sigalAradu. idallade
intaha hELikeyannu vivarisabEkAgiruva halavu mandi adhyApakarigU adu nijakkU Enu tiLisuttadeyumbudu arthavAgiruvudilla.
2.2 sErikeya niyamagaLalli vyatyAsagaLu
mEleyE hELida hAge, sErikeya niyamagaLa maTTige samskxta mattu kannaDa bhAShegaLa naDuve kelavu mukhyavAda vyatyAsagaLive. pavraDhaSAleya vidyArthigaLige samskxtada sErikeya niyamagaLannu tiLisuvudiddalli avu kannaDada niyamagaLinda hEge bhinnavAgive embudannu tiLisidalli heccu spaShTavAgi arthavAgaballuvu. intaha kelavu vyatyAsagaLannu keLage vivarisalAgide.
2.2.1 svaragaLa badalAvaNeyalli vyatyAsagaLu
svarakke svara sEridAga, samskxtadalli sAmAnyavAgi averaDara badalu bErondu svara baruttade illavE avugaLalli modalaneyadara badalu ondu vyanjana baruttade. endare, samskxdalli ‘AdESa’ emba hesarina sErikeya niyama baruvudE jAsti. idakke badalu kannaDadalli sAmAnyavAgi eraDu svaragaLu oTTige bandAga avugaLalli modalaneya svara biddu hOguvudE jAsti. kelavE kelavu sandabhragaLalli mAtra I eraDu svaragaLa naDuve vyanjanavondu sErikoLLuttade. endare, kannaDadalli lOpa hAgU AgamagaLemba sErikeya niyamagaLu baruvudE jAsti.
udAharaNegAgi, samskxtadalli ondE rItiya eraDu svaragaLu oTTu sEridAga averaDara badalu ondu udda svara AdESavAgi baruttade (savarNadIrgha). Adare kannaDadalli modalaneya svara biddu hOguttade mattu eraDaneya svara hAgeyE badalAgade uLiyuttade.
kannaDadalli I sErikeya niyamakke mattu keLage koTTiruva bEre kelavu sErikeya niyamagaLige halakelavu apavAdagaLiveyembudannu munde (2.3)ralli nODaliruvevu.
samskxtada badalAvaNegaLu dESa + abhimAna = dESAbhimAna cikka + amma = cikkamma alli + illa = allilla kavi + indra = kavIndra kallu + uppu = kalluppu guru + upadESa = gurUpadESa
kannaDada badalAvaNegaLu
mEle koTTiruva samskxta udAharaNegaLalli akArakke akAra paravAdAga averaDara badalu AkAravU, ikArakke ikAra paravAdAga averaDara badalu IkAravU, mattu ukArakke ukAra paravAdAga averaDara badalu UkAravU AdESavAgi bandive.
idakke badalu, avugaLa edurige koTTiruva kannaDada udAharaNe gaLalli modalaneya padada koneya svara bidduhOgide (lOpa gonDide) mattu eraDaneya padada modalaneya svara badalAgade hAgeyE uLidide.
I rIti oTTu sEruva ondE rItiya eraDu svaragaLalli ondu modaligEnE udda (dIrgha) svaravAgittAdare, samskxtadalli adu hAgeyE uLiyuttade mattu adaroDane bandiruva innondu svara bidduhOguttade. eraDU udda svaragaLAgiruvallU ondu udda svara uLiyuttade.
illU kUDa mElina AdESa sandhiyE naDeyuvudendU (endare A eraDu svaragaLa jAgadalli udda svaravondu AdESavAgi baruvu dendU) hELalu sAdhyavide.
kannaDadalli intaha sandabhragaLallU modalaneya svara biddu hOguttade mattu eraDaneyadu uLiyuttade.
samskxtada badalAvaNegaLu dEva + Alaya = dEvAlaya vidyA + abhyAsa = vidyAbhyAsa giri + ISa = girISa
lakSmI + ISa = lakSmISa
kannaDada badalAvaNegaLu banda + Aga = bandAga huDuga+ATa = huDugATa alli + Iga = allIga
samskxtadalli a, AgaLa anantara (1) i, IgaLu bandare averaDara badalu EkAra AdESavAgi baruttade, (2) u, UgaLu bandare averaDara badalu OkAra AdESavAgi baruttade, (3) E mattu OgaLu bandare averaDara badalu anukramavAgi ay mattu avgaLu AdESavAgi baruttave, (4) xkAra bandare adara badalu ar embudu AdESavAgi baruttade, mattu (5) ay mattu avgaLu bandare avu hAgeyE uLidu avugaLondige baruva akAra illavE AkAra biddu hOguttade.
Adare kannaDadalli intaha ellA sandabhragaLallU modalaneya svara bidduhOgi eraDaneya svara hAgeyE uLiyuttade (mEleyE sUcisida hAge kannaDadalli I niyamakkiruva apavAdavondannu munde nODaliruvevu).
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
kannaDada badalAvaNegaLu
samskxtada badalAvaNegaLu
rAja + indra = rAjEndra allinda+iLida = allindiLida gaNa + ISa = gaNESa allinda + Ice = allindIce sUrya+udaya=sUryOdaya koTTa + uDuge = koTTuDuge gangA + udaka = gangOdaka namma + Uru = nammUru lOka + Eka = lOkayka jala + Ogha = jalavgha dEva + xShi = dEvaShri mahA + xShi = mahaShri
viSva + aykya = viSvaykya divya + avShadha = divavyaShadha
namma + eduru = nammeduru bidda + oDane = biddoDane (kannaDadalli xkAravilla)
nUra + ayvattu = nUrayvattu doDDa + avtaNa = doDavDataNa
akArada badalu bEre svara modalinadAdalli bEreyE sErikeya badalAvaNegaLu samskxtadalli naDeyuttave. (1) modalina svara ikAra vAdalli adara badalu yakAra baruttade, (2) ukAravAdalli vakAra baruttade mattu (3) xkAravAdalli rakAra baruttade. ivellavU AdESa gaLu.
intaha sandabhragaLallU kannaDadalli modalaneya svara bidduhOgi eraDaneyadu uLiyuvudannu keLagina udAharaNegaLalli kANabahudu.
samskxtada badalAvaNegaLu ati + alpa = atyalpa ati + Ase = atyAse ati + uttama = atyuttama prati + Eka = pratyEka guru + akShara = gurvakShara guru + AjYe = gurvAjYe laghu + iti = laghviti pitx + Ajrita = pitrAjrita
(1)
(2)
(3)
kannaDada badalAvaNegaLu alli + alli = allalli bAyi + Arike = bAyArike alli + uLida = alluLida
bennu + aTTu = bennaTTu kADu + Ane = kADAne kADu + illa = kADilla
2.2.2 vyanjanagaLa badalAvaNeyalli vyatyAsagaLu
hosagannaDada padagaLellavU svaradalliyE konegoLLuvuvAda kAraNa, vyanjanakke vyanjana sEri Aguva ‘vyanjanasandhi’gaLAvuvU hosagannaDa dallilla. Adare haLegannaDadalli vyanjanadalli konegoLLuva padagaLiddu vAda kAraNa haLegannaDada kAladinda uLidu banda kelavu jODupada gaLalli mAtra antaha sErikeya niyamagaLannu kANabahudu.
bennu (ben) + kAvalu = bengAvalu
kari (kar) + kallu = kaggallu
hiri (her) + bAgilu = hebbAgilu
bengAvalu embudaralli nakAra anusvAra (illavE GakAra)vAgide mattu adara anantara baruva kakAra gakAravAgide; kaggallu embudaralli rakAra gakAravAgide mattu adara anantara baruva kakAravU gakAra vAgide; hebbAgilu embudaralli rakAra bakAravAgide.
intaha badalAvaNegaLannu biTTare hosagannaDadalli kANisuva vyanjanada badalAvaNegaLendare avu svaragaLa anantara bandAga avugaLalli naDeyuva kelavu badalAvaNegaLu mAtra. ivU kannaDadalli padagaLa oLagaDe endare padagaLa oLaracaneyalli mAtra kANisuva badalAvaNegaLu (manegelasa, suDugADu, neladAvare).
Adare samskxtadalli I eraDu rItiya badalAvaNegaLU sAkaShTu kANisikoLLuttave. illU kUDa, kannaDa mattu samskxta bhAShegaLa naDuve kelavu mukhyavAda vyatyAsagaLannu kANabahudu.
udAharaNegAgi, kannaDadalli kakAra mattu takAragaLu svarada anantara bandAga anukramavAgi gakAra mattu dakAragaLAguvuvAdare, samskxtadalli ka, ta, Ta, pagaLu svarakke modalu bandAga (athavA bEre ga, da, Da, bagaLantaha ‘koraLisi’da (ghOSha) vyanjanagaLa modalu bandAga) anukramavAgi ga, da, Da, bagaLAguttave.
endare, kannaDadalli badalAguva vyanjana eraDaneya padada suruvige baruvudAdare, samskxtadalli badalAguva vyanjana modalaneya padada konege baruttade.
innondu vyatyAsavEnendare, samskxtadalli kANisuva vyanjanada badalAvaNegaLige apavAdagaLiruvudu bahaLa kaDime. Adare kannaDadalli baruva vyanjanada badalAvaNegaLalli kelavu jODupadagaLalli mAtra
kANisikoLLuttave. avugaLalli pratiyondakkU ondalla ondu apavAda iddE iruttade.
samskxtada badalAvaNegaLu vAk + ISa = vAgISa cit + Ananda = cidAnanda
ShaT + Anana = ShaDAnana sat + bhakta = sadbhakta vAk + dAna = vAgdAna
kannaDada badalAvaNegaLu mane + kelasa = menegelasa nela + tAvare = neladAvare suDu + kADu = suDugADu Ane + kAlu = AnekAlu tale + terige = taleterige
kannaDadalli I sErikeya niyamagaLu vikalpavAgi naDeyuttave embudannu (endare ellA sandabhragaLallU naDeyuvudillavembudannu) koneya eraDu udAharaNegaLinda (AnekAlu, taleterige embavu gaLinda) tiLiyabahudu.
samskxtadalliruva hAge kannaDadallU ‘anunAsika sandhi’ embu dondideyundu hELalu sAdhyavideyAdarU averaDara naDuve kelavu mukhyavAda vyatyAsagaLive embudannu keLage koTTiruva udAharaNe gaLinda tiLiyabahudu.
samskxtada ‘anunAsika sandhi’
vAk + maya = vAGmaya
sat + mAna = sanmAna ShaT + mukha = ShaNmukha dik + mUDha = diGmUDha
kannaDada ‘anunAsika sandhi’ him + mELa = himmELa him + nOTa = hinnOTa mum + nuDi = munnuDi mum + naDe = munnaDe
mattu
munde
padagaLige
kannaDadalli hinde kelavu jODupadagaLalli anukramavAgi him mattu mum rUpagaLive. ivugaLa anantara anu nAsikavondu bandAga I padagaLa koneya anusvArakke A anunAsikaddE rUpa baruttade. idannu ‘anunAsika sandhi’ embudAgi kareyalu sAdhyavide.
Adare, samskxtada anunAsika sandhi idakkinta tIra bhinnavAdudu. yAkendare, samskxtadalli anunAsikavAgi badalAguvudu ka, Ta, ta, pa, modalAda spaSragaLallade anusvAravalla. idallade, I rIti anunAsika gaLAgi badalAgiruva spaSragaLu samskxtadalli avugaLa anantara baruva anunAsikakkinta bhinnavAgiyE uLiyuttave.
2.3 nAmarUDhiyaLiyuva hAgiddare..
mEle sUcisida hAge, kannaDadalli ondu padadondige svaradalli suruvAguva innondu padavannu illavE antahadE ondu pratyaya vannu sErisidAga, modalaneya padada koneya svara biddu hOguttade yumba sErikeya niyamavide. I niyamakke halakelavu apavAdagaLU ive. kelavu sandabhragaLalli I rIti svara biddu hOguva badalu adara munde yakAra illavE vakAra hosadAgi sErikoLLuttade.
ya illavE va sErikoLLuvudu nambike + iDu = nambikeyiDu mane + ondu = maneyondu kappe + unTu = kappeyunTu magu + ige = maguvige rAju + alla = rAjuvalla
svara biddu hOguvudu
keLage + iDu = keLagiDu bEre + obba = bErobba hinde + uLi = hinduLi kADu + ige = kADige nAnu + alla = nAnalla mattu + ondu = mattondu magu+ ondu = maguvondu ittu + endu = ittendu haNada + Ase = haNadAse alli + illa = allilla bAyi + Aru = bAyAru alli + ondu = allondu iddAne + endu = iddAnendu ide + endu = ideyendu
ide + endu = ideyendu khanDita + Agi = khanDitavAgi bhIti + illa = bhItiyilla huri + Agu = huriyAgu nAyi+ondu= nAyiyondu
kannaDadalli I rIti padagaLa anantara svaradalli suruvAguva pada illavE pratyaya bandAga entaha sandabhragaLalli modalaneya padada koneya svara biddu hOguttade (svarada lOpavAguttade) mattu entaha sandabhragaLalli A eraDu svaragaLU badalAgade uLidu averaDara naDuve yakAra illavE vakAra AgamavAgi sErikoLLuttade embudakke ondu niScitavAda niyamavannu tayArisi koDalu kannaDada vayyAkaraNigaLige sAdhyavAgiralilla.
hAgAgi ‘nAmarUDhi’ illavE ‘nAmabhAga’ aLiyade iruva hAgiddalli mAtra lOpa mADabEku (mattu aLiyuva hAgiddalli lOpa mADade yakAra illavE vakAravannu sErisikoLLabEku athavA sandhi mADade irabEku) embudAgi kESirAjanE modalAda prAcIna vayyAkaraNigaLu I samasyege sariyAda uttaravannu kanDuhiDiyalu prayatnisade jArikonDiddAre.
anantarada kannaDa vayyAkaraNigaLellarU idannu hAgeyE giLipATha mADiddArallade I padakantegaLa hinde kannaDaddE Ada sErikeya niyama gaLEnAdarU aDagiveyE embudannu kanDuhiDiyalu prayatnisidantilla. biLigiriyavara ‘AlOka’ (biLigiri 1969) idakkondu apavAdavendu hELabahudu.
nAmarUpa aLiyuvudillavAdalli mAtra lOpasandhiyannu baLasa bEku emba haLegannaDa vayyAkaraNigaLa mAtu avara jANmeyannu tOrisuttade embudAgi ivattina vayyAkaraNigaLu kelavaru bhAvisiruva hAgide. nijakkU idu avara sOmAritanavannu tOrisuttadallade jANmeyannalla.
yAkendare, vAkyadalli padagaLannu mattu pratyayagaLannu baLasuvAga elli sandhi mADabEku, elli sandhimADabAradu mattu elli entaha sandhiyannu mADabEku embudannu spaShTavAgi tiLisi hELuvudE vayyAkaraNiya kelasa (biLigiri 1969:173-8 nODi).
nAmarUpa aLiyuvalli lOpa mADabEDa ennalu sAdhyavide yAdare, vAkyarUpa aLiyuvalli padagaLannu prayOgisabEDa endU hELalu sAdhyavide. hAgiddare I eraDE vAkyagaLalli iDI vyAkaraNavannu baredu mugisibiDabahudu!
nijakkU mElina apavAdagaLa hinde entaha niyama aDagide embudannu keLage (2.4)ralli sUcisalAgide.
2.4 sandabhragaLa vibhajane
kannaDadalli kANisuva sErikeya niyamagaLu bEre bEre sandabhragaLalli bEre bEre teranAgiruttave. hAgAgi kannaDalli entaha sErikeya badalAvaNegaLella naDeyuttave embudannu sariyAgi tiLidukoLLa bEkAdare I sErikeya niyamagaLu kannaDadalli yAva yAva sandabhra gaLallella bhinnavAgiruttave embudannu kanDuhiDidu adakkanusAravAgi avannu vibhajisuvudu avaSya.
modalaneyadAgi, kannaDada vayyAkaraNigaLE hELuva hAge, padamadhyadalli (endare padagaLa oLaracaneyalli) kANisuva sErikeya niyamagaLigU mattu padAntyadalli (endare padagaLannu vAkyavondaralli baLasidAga avugaLa naDuve) kANisuva sErikeya niyamagaLigU naDuve halakelavu vyatyAsagaLive.
udAharaNegAgi, kannaDadalli vyanjanagaLa badalAvaNegaLu padagaLa naDuve naDeyuvuvallade padagaLa koneyalli naDeyuvudilla embudannu nAvu mEle (2.2.2)ralli nODiruvevu.
padagaLa naDuve nela + kaDale = nelagaDale keLa + tuTi = keLaduTi bIsu + kallu = bIsugallu Uru + kOlu = UrugOlu doDDa+kOlu=doDDa kOlu
padagaLa koneyalli nanna + kAlu = nanna kAlu doDDa+tunDu=doDDa tunDu kempu + kallu = kempu kallu
padagaLa naDuveyU I badalAvaNegaLu vikalpavAgi mAtravE naDeyuttavallade ellA sandabhragaLallU naDeyuvudilla embudannu oLakONe, AnekAlu, taleterige, karituLasi modalAda udAharaNe gaLalli kANabahudu.
svaragaLa badalAvaNegaLallU padagaLa naDuvina mattu koneya badalAvaNegaLa naDuve kelavu vyatyAsagaLive. udAharaNegAgi, kelavu sandabhragaLalli padagaLa naDuve svara biddu hOguvudAdare padagaLa koneyalli yakAra illavE vakAra AgamavAgi baruttade.
padagaLa naDuvina badalAvaNe
kuDi + isu = kuDisu baru + isu = barisu cikka + amma = cikkamma nene + isu = nenesu
padagaLa koneya badalAvaNe gati + illa = gatiyilla magu + illade = maguvillade kAraNa + illa = kAraNavilla nambike + iDu = nambikeyiDu
eraDaneyadAgi, padagaLa naDuvina badalAvaNeyalliyE pada pratyayagaLa (endare ondu padadinda innondu padavannu tayArisalu baLasuva pratyayagaLa) baLakeyalli kANisuva sErikeya niyamagaLigU mattu padarUpa pratyayagaLa (endare ondu padadinda adara bEre bEre rUpagaLannu tayArisalu baLasuva pratyayagaLa) baLakeyalli kANisuva sErikeya niyamagaLigU naDuve vyatyAsagaLive.
udAharaNegAgi, ukArAnta kriyApadagaLige ike emba padarUpa pratyayavannu sErisidAga vakAra AgamavAgi baruttade, Adare ike emba padapratyayavannu sErisidAga ukAra biddu hOguttade (4.5 nODi).
padapratyaya
hELu + ike = hELike hedaru + ike = hedarike nambu + ike = nambike
padarUpa pratyaya hELu + ike = hELuvike hedaru + ike = hedaruvike nambu + ike = nambuvike anju + ike = anjuvike
padarUpa pratyayagaLallU bEre bEre pratyayagaLannu sErisidAga bEre bEre rItiya sErikeya niyamagaLu kANisikoLLalu sAdhyavide. udAharaNegAgi, kriyApadagaLige isu pratyayavannu sErisidAga avugaLa koneyalli baruva ukAra bidduhOguttade; Adare ike pratyayavannu sErisidAga vakAra AgamavAgi baruttade mattu ukAra biddu hOgade hAgeyE uLiyuttade.
isu pratyaya paravAdAga hADu + isu = hADisu nODu + isu = nODisu
tinnu + isu = tinnisu nungu + isu = nungisu
horaDu + isu = horaDisu
ike pratyaya paravAdAga hADu + ike = hADuvike nODu + ike =nODuvike tinnu + ike = tinnuvike nungu + ike = nunguvike horaDu + ike = horaDuvike
mUraneyadAgi, eraDu svaragaLu oTTige sEridAga avugaLalli modalaneya svara prakxtiyadE athavA pratyayaddE emba amSada mElU padagaLa koneya svara biddu hOguvudE athavA Agama baruvudE emba viShaya avalambiside. modalaneya svara prakxti yaddAdare sAmAnyavAgi adu biddu hOguvudilla (idakke ondu apavAdavideyembudannu keLage nODaliruvevu), Adare adu pratyaya ddAdare biddu hOguvudE jAsti.
prakxtiya svara dAri + illa = dAriyilla kelasa + unTu = kelasavunTu dappa + Agi = dappavAgi mane + ondu = maneyondu anjike + ittu = anjikeyittu maduve + ittu = maduveyittu Odade + idda = Odadidda aDDa + Agi = aDDavAgi
pratyayada svara nammalli + illa = nammallilla namma + Uru = nammUru allanda + Ace = allindAce adakke + oppi = adakkoppi ganjige + illa = ganjigilla
kADinalli + Agi = kADinallAgi
mEle dAri embudara koneyalli kANisuva ikAra prakxtiyaddAda kAraNa adara koneya svara biddu hOgilla, Adare nammalli embudara koneyalli kANisuva ikAra pratyayaddAda kAraNa adu biddu hOgide. itara padagaLallU hIgeyE.
nAlkaneyadAgi, svarakke svara sEridAga AgamavAgi yakAra baruvudO illavE vakAra baruvudO embudu avugaLalli modalaneya svara entahadu embudannavalambiside. modalaneya svara ekAra illavE ikAravAdare AgamavAgi yakAra baruttade, akAra illavE ukAravAdare AgamavAgi vakAra baruttade.
AgamavAgi vakAra kelasa + alla = kelasavalla
AgamavAgi yakAra kudure + alla = kudureyalla sanje + Ayitu = sanjeyAyitu illa+AdarU = illavAdarU nambike + iDu = nambikeyiDu nambike + unTu = nambikeyunTu ide + endu = ideyendu mane + ondu = maneyondu
kaDi + akki = kaDiyakki guri + Agu = guriyAgu ili + illa = iliyilla nAyi + endu = nAyiyendu vyakti + obba = vyaktiyobba
kelasa + illa = kelasavilla kelasa + unTu = kelasavunTu illa + endu = illavendu kelasa + ondu = kelasavondu magu + alla = maguvalla guru + Agu = guruvAgu karu + illa = karuvilla guru + endu = guruvendu magu+ondu = maguvondu
aydaneyadAgi, prakxtiya koneya svara ukAravAgideyAdare mattu A prakxtiyalli kaDimeyundare mUrAdarU chandOmAtregaLiveyAdare adara koneya ukAra biddu hOguttade. prakxtiyalli mUrakkinta kaDime (endare eraDu) chandOmAtregaLiveyAdare ukAra biddu hOguvudilla.
eraDakkinta jAsti mAtregaLu kallu + ondu = kallondu
kADu + ige = kADige bennu + aTTu = bennaTTu haNNu + Agide = haNNAgide
eraDu mAtregaLu magu+ ondu = maguvondu karu + ige = karuvige guru + ina = guruvina karu + Agide = karuvAgide
AraneyadAgi, prakxtiyu nAmapadavE athavA kriyApadavE emba viShayavannAdharisiyU sErikeya niyamadalli vyatyAsa kANisikoLLuttade. udAharaNegAgi prakxtiyu kriyApadavAgideyAdare, adaralli eraDE chandOmAtregaLiddarU koneya ukAra biddu hOguttade.
nAmaprakxtigaLalli lOpavilla
magu + annu = maguvannu
karu + ige = karuvige hasu + ina = hasuvina
kriyAprakxtigaLalli lOpa biDu + ali = biDali koDu + isu = koDisu iru + utta = irutta
ELaneyadAgi prakxtiyu kannaDaddE athavA samskxtadinda eravalAgi bandudE emba viShayada mElU sErikeya niyamadalli vyatyAsa kANisikoLLuttade. samskxtada prakxtigaLalli mUru athavA jAsti chandOmAtregaLiddarU ukAra bidduhOguvudilla.
kannaDada prakxti mAtu + annu = mAtannu
kADu + ige = kADige kADu + ina = kADina
samskxtada prakxti dhAtu + annu = dhAtuvannu sAdhu + ige = sAdhuvige sAdhu + ina = sAdhuvina
I rIti kannaDadalli elli entaha sErikeya niyama kANisikoLLu ttade embudannu spaShTavAgi vivarisi bareyalu halavAru viShayagaLannu gamanadallirisikoLLuva avaSyakateyide. ivannella sariyAgi gamanisi sErikeya niyamagaLannu baredalli ‘nAmarUpavaLiyadiddalli’ embantaha prayOgagaLa mUlaka jArikoLLuva avaSyakateyilla.
2.5 sErikeya niyamagaLa aniyamitate
kannaDadalli sAmAnyavAgi padagaLa naDuve baruva sErikeya niyamagaLu, adarallU jODupadagaLalli mattu padapratyayagaLa mUlaka siddha vAguva padagaLalli kANisuva sErikeya niyamagaLu aniyamita vAgiruvudE jAsti.
idakke kAraNavEnendare, I padagaLu avugaLa avaSyakate tOri bandAga ondondAgi tayArAgi bhASheyalli baLakege bandantahavugaLu. ivu I rIti bEre bEre samayagaLalli tayArAgiralu sAdhyavideyAda
pakAra
naDedidda
SatamAnadallEnE
kANisuva DakAra
kAraNa, avugaLalli kANisuva sErikeya niyamagaLu bEre bEre samayadavAgiralu sAdhyavide.
udAharaNegAgi kALgiccu (kADu + kiccu ‘benki’) jODupada LakAravAguva badalAvaNe haLegannaDada samayaddu. I jODupada aShTondu hindeyE tayArAgiddu, indigU badalAgade baLakeyalli uLidukonDide. idE rItiyalli, kaypiDi jODupadadalli hiDi kriyApada (illavE nAmapada) piDi emba haLegannaDada rUpadallide. I padadalli baruva pada hosagannaDadalli hiDi rUpakke badalAgiddu, idakke hattu- hannondanE hakAravAguva badalAvaNe kAraNa (bhaT 1995:77 nODi). endare, haLegannaDada kAladindalU piDi embudu I jODupadadalli badalAvaNeyAgade hAgeyE uLidukonDide.
vyanjanadalli konegoLLuva padagaLu hosagannaDadalli baLakeyallilla. hIgiddarU bembattu, kaNNIru, heddAri, kaggallu, beLdingaLu modalAda jODupadagaLalli modalaneya angavAgi kANisuva bem, kaN, her (hed), kar (kag), beL modalAda padagaLu vyanjanadalli konegoLLuttiddu, avugaLa koneya vyanjana eraDaneya angavAgiruva padada suruvina vyanjanakke anuguNavAgi badalAgide. idU haLegannaDada paLeyaLikeyE embudaralli samSayavilla. padapratyayagaLa baLakeyallU intaha paLeyaLikegaLannu kANalu sAdhyavide. udAharaNegAgi, beccage (bisi + age), beLLage (biLi + age) modalAda kelavu padagaLalli kANisuva sErikeya niyamagaLella haLegannaDadavu.
biLi pada pUvrada haLegannaDadalli beLi endiddirabEku. eraDaneya akSharadalli ikAra illavE ukAra bandiddAga adarallidda ekAra haLegannaDada kAladalli ikAravAgi badalAgittu (beLi>biLi). beccage mattu beLLage padagaLalli eraDaneya akSharavAgi ikAra illavE ukAra iralillavAda kAraNa, modalaneya akSharada ekAra haLegannaDadalli badalAgade hAgeyE uLidittu. adE rUpa ivattu hosagannaDadallU I jODupadagaLalli uLidukonDide (bhaT 1995:63 nODi).
idallade, ATa, OTa, kUTa, nOTa modalAda padagaLalli kANisuva DakAra TakAravAguva sErikeya niyamavU haLegannaDadinda
athavA adakkU hindina kannaDa prabhEdadinda uLidu banda paLeyaLike yirabEku. padarUpa pratyayagaLa baLakeyallU sErikeya niyamagaLa maTTige aniyamitate kANisuttiddu idakkU paLeyaLikegaLE kAraNavendu hELalu sAdhyavide. udAharaNegAgi kriyApadagaLige hindina samayavannu sUcisuva da pratyayavannu sErisidAga A kriyApadagaLalli mattu pratyayadalli halakelavu badalAvaNegaLu naDeyuttave. ivugaLalli kelavu aniyamitavAgiruttave (baru - banda, teru - tetta, iru - idda, koDu - koTTa, kANu - kanDa, hOgu - hOda).
padarUpa pratyayagaLa baLakeyalli kANisuva I sErikeya niyamada aniyamitateyU padapratyayagaLa baLakeyalli kANisuva sErikeya niyamada aniyamitateya hAgeyE paLeyaLikeya pariNAmavendu hELabahudu.
2.6 varNagaLa paTTi
samskxta vayyAkaraNigaLu siddhapaDisiruva varNagaLa paTTiyannu ‘atyanta vayjYAnikavAda paTTi’ embudAgi heccinavarU hELuttAre. Adare hEge idu vayjYAnika embudannu yArU sariyAgi vivEcisida hAgilla.
samskxtada vyanjanagaLalli vagrIya vyanjanagaLannu (spaSra mattu anunAsikagaLannu) avugaLa uccAraNeya AdhArada mEle paTTi mADa lAgideyAda kAraNa vayjYAnikate kANisuttade, Adare avagrIya vyanjanagaLannAgali illavE svaragaLannAgali A rIti avugaLa uccAraNeya AdhArada mEle paTTi mADilla.
nijakkU samskxta vayyAkaraNigaLu I paTTiyannu samskxtada sErikeya niyamagaLannu sUtrarUpadalli sUcisalu sAdhyavAguva hAge tayArisikonDiddAre.
kannaDada vayyAkaraNigaLu I paTTiyannu samskxtadinda hAgeyE ettikonDiddAre. Adare adu kannaDada sErikeya niyamagaLannu vivarisu valli svalpavU anukUlavAgilla. hAgAgi, kannaDada maTTigantU adu nijakkU ‘vayjYAnika’valla.
2.6.1 samskxta svaragaLa paTTi
samskxtada vayyAkaraNigaLu svaragaLannu a, i, u, x, lx, E, O, ay, av embudAgi paTTi mADiddAre. pANiniya vyAkaraNadalli baLakeyAguva aiuN, xlxk, EOG, ayavc emba ‘mAhESvara sUtra’gaLalli I paTTiya mUlavannu kANabahudu. mEle sUcisida hAge, svaragaLa I anukramakke samskxta vyAkaraNa dalli bEreyE ondu uddESavide. samskxtada sErikeya niyamagaLannu sUtrarUpadalli hELalu adu sahAyakavAguttade.
udAharaNegAgi, samskxtadalli a, i mattu u svaragaLu (mattu x, lx embavugaLu kUDa) giDDa (hrasva) mattu udda (dIrgha) emba eraDu rUpagaLalli baraballuvu. savarNadIrgha emba sErikeya niyamavU I svaragaLannu mAtra bAdhisuttade (2.2.1 nODi). hAgAgi avannella oTTAgi paTTiyalli modalige koDalAgide. mElina mAhESvara sUtragaLalli modalaneya sUtrada modalaneya svaradondige eraDaneya sUtrada koneya vyanjanavannu sErisi racisida ak sanjYeya mUlaka I svaragaLannu oTTige sankShiptavAgi pANiniya vyAkaraNadalli sUcisalAguttade.
uLida svaragaLu samskxtadalli udda rUpadalli mAtra baraballuvu. ivugaLalli EkAra-OkAragaLu ondu rItiyavu, mattu aykAra- avkAragaLu innondu rItiyavu. I vyatyAsavannu paTTiyalliruva avugaLa jAgada mUlaka sUcisalAgide. sErike(sandhi)ya niyamagaLallU EkAra-OkAragaLu mattu aykAra avkAragaLu ak svaragaLiginta bhinnavAgi kANisikoLLuttave (2.2.1 nODi). hAgAgi, I svaragaLannu paTTiyalli uLidavugaLiginta bErAgi hELiruvudu samskxtada sErikeya niyamagaLannu vivarisuvalli sahAyaka vAguttade.
2.6.2 kannaDa svaragaLa paTTi
kannaDada vayyAkaraNigaLu mEle koTTiruva samskxta svaragaLa paTTiyalli alpa svalpa badalAvaNegaLannu mADi (e mattu o svaragaLannu adakke sErisi mattu ay svaravannu o svarada modalu irisi) tamma vyAkaraNa gaLalli baLasikonDiddAre.
Adare samskxta vayyAkaraNigaLa hAge I paTTiyalli baruva svaragaLa anukramavannu kannaDa vyAkaraNada sErikeya niyamagaLannu vivarisuvalli baLasikoLLalu yAva rItiyallU avarige sAdhyavAgilla.
endare, I paTTiyalli baruva svaragaLa anukrama kannaDa vyAkaraNada maTTige sampUrNavAgi anupayuktavAgiyE uLidide. nijakkU I paTTi kannaDa vyAkaraNakke anukUlavAgilladiruvudE idakke kAraNa.
udAharaNegAgi, kannaDadalli a, i, u embavugaLu mAtravallade e, o embavugaLU giDDa mattu udda rUpagaLalli baraballuvu. Adare, ay mattu av ‘svara’gaLige ondE rUpavide. hAgAgi, ay embudannu o embudara modalu irisiruvudu kannaDada maTTige sariyalla.
idallade, ay mattu avgaLige kannaDadalli viSiShTavAda sthAnavE illa. avu akAradondige yakAra mattu vakAragaLu sEridAga unTAguva ay mattu av emba akSharajODigaLallade, samskxtadalli kANisuva hAge viSiShTavAda ‘sandhisvara’gaLalla.
samskxtadalli yakAra mattu vakAragaLannu baLasiruva I eraDu akSharajODigaLu mAtra baLakeyallive. Adare kannaDadalli ivu mAtra vallade ey, oy, Ay, iv modalAda bEreyU halavu antahavE akSharajODigaLU (geymu, koylu, Ayku, kivDu) baLake yallive. hAgAgi, mElina eraDu akSharajODigaLige (ay mattu avgaLige) mAtra ondu viSiShTavAda sthAnavannu koDuvudaralli kannaDada maTTige yAva avcityavU illa.
kannaDada sErikeya niyamagaLalli ikAra mattu ekAragaLu ondu rItiyalli kANisikoLLuvuvAdare ukAra, okAra mattu akAragaLu innondu rItiyalli kANisikoLLuttave. udAharaNegAgi ikAra mattu ekAragaLa anantara yakAra AgamavAgi baruvudAdare, ukAra, okAra mattu akAragaLa anantara vakAra AgamavAgi baruttade (2.3 nODi). I viShayadallU mElina svaragaLa paTTi kannaDa vyAkaraNada maTTige anukUlavAgilla.
samskxta padagaLalli kANisuva EkAra mattu OkAragaLu nijakkU mUlapadadallidda svaragaLalla. yAkendare, samskxtada mUlabhASheyAda inDO-yurOpiyannallidda ekAra-okAragaLu samskxtadalli akAra vAgi badalAgive mattu EkAra-OkAragaLu AkAravAgi badalAgive.
adE mUlabhASheyallidda ai, ei mattu oi svarajODigaLu EkAravAgi mattu au, eu mattu ou svara jODigaLu OkAravAgi badalAdudarindAgi ivattu samskxta vEda, tE, Ojas modalAda padagaLalli I eraDu svaragaLu kANisikoLLuttive (bhaT 2005:54
idallade, sErikeya niyamagaLa mUlakavU ivu samskxta pada gaLalli kANisikoLLuvuvAda kAraNa, samskxtada vayyAkaraNigaLu I eraDu svaragaLannu sandhyakSharagaLendu kareyuttAre. udAharaNegAgi, akAra mattu AkAragaLu ikAra mattu IkAragaLondige sEridAga EkAravU, ukAra mattu UkAragaLondige sEridAga OkAravU samskxtadalli AdESagaLAgi baruttaveyembudannu nAvu mEle (2.2.1 ralli) nODiruvevu.
EkAra mattu OkAragaLannu akAra, ikAra mattu ukAragaLinda pratyEkisi paTTi mADuvudara mUlaka samskxtada vayyAkaraNigaLu I viShayavannu sUtrarUpadalli vivarisalu SaktarAgiddAre.
kannaDada vyAkaraNakke adara svaragaLa paTTi anukUlavAgabEkAdalli adaralli baruva svaragaLa sankhyeyannu mAtravallade jAgavannU badalAyisabEku. endare, i, I, e, E, u, U, o, O mattu a, A embudAgi ikAra-IkAragaLannu ekAra-EkAragaLondige mattu ukAra-UkAragaLannu okAra-OkAragaLondige irisi paTTi mADabEku.
idallade, akAra-AkAragaLannu ikAra mattu ekAradondige irisuva badalu ukAra mattu okAradondige irisabEku.
hIge mADidalli, I svaragaLa paTTiyannu baLasi kannaDadalli kANisuva sErikeya niyamagaLannu samskxta vyAkaraNagaLalliruva hAge sUtrarUpa dalli tiLisihELalu sAdhyavAdItu.
kannaDakke avaSyaviruva intaha svaragaLa paTTige uccAraNeya AdhAravide. ikAra-ekAragaLu nAligeya mumbhAgadalli huTTuttave mattu ukAra, okAra mattu akAragaLu nAligeya himbhAgadalli huTTuttave (akArada kelavu prabhEdagaLu mAtra nAligeya naDubhAgadalli huTTuttave). I vyatyAsavannu keLage kANisida hAge citrisalu sAdhyavide.
bAyiya jAga
nAligeya bhAga munde
mEle
naDuve
keLage E, F
J, K
G, H M, N C, D
I rIti svaragaLa huTTannAdharisi racisida paTTiyE kannaDada maTTige heccu ‘vayjYAnika’vAdudu. idu mEle vivarisida samskxta svaragaLa paTTiyinda tIra bhinnavAgideyumbudannu gamanisabahudu.
2.6.3 vyanjanagaLa paTTi
samskxtada vyanjanagaLannu vagrIyagaLu (spaSra mattu anunAsikagaLu) mattu avagrIyagaLu embudAgi eraDu mukhya gumpugaLalli vingaDisa lAgide. ivugaLalli vagrIyagaLannu avugaLa uccAraNeya jAgavannu Adharisi aydu vagragaLalli vingaDisalAgiddu, avugaLalli pratiyondu vagradallU aghOSha-alpaprANa (kacaTatapa), aghOSha-mahAprANa (khachaThathapha), ghOSha-alpaprANa (gajaDadaba), ghOSha-mahAprANa (ghajhaDhadhabha) mattu anunAsika (GaYaNanama) embudAgi aydu rItiya vyanjanagaLu kANisikoLLuttave. avagrIyagaLannu antastha (yaralava) mattu UShma (saSaShaha) embudAgi vingaDisalAgide. kannaDada vyanjanagaLannu I rIti vingaDisuva badalu bEre rItiyalli vingaDisuvudarinda adara sErikeya niyamagaLannu vivarisuva kelasa heccu sulabhavAgaballudu. kannaDadalli mahAprANAkSharagaLilla. idallade, NanamagaLemba mUru anunAsikagaLu mattu saSahagaLemba mUru UShmagaLu mAtra kannaDadalli baLakeyallive. I vyanjanagaLannu vagrIya mattu avagrIyagaLendu vingaDisuva badalu, avugaLa uccAraNeyannavalambisi keLage (47nE puTadalli) koTTiruva hAge vingaDisuvudu kannaDada maTTige heccu anukUla. udAharaNegAgi, pabamavagaLannu oTTAgi ondE kAlannalli hELiruvudarinda avugaLa naDuviruva hattirada sambandhavannu sUcisalu sAdhyavAguttade. itara kAlangaLalli baruva vyanjanagaLa naDuve mattu bEre bEre sAlugaLalli baruva vyanjanagaLa naDuveyU intahavE hattirada sambandhagaLu kanDubaruttave.
I sambandhagaLu kannaDada caritreyalli naDediruva badalAvaNegaLalli mattu kannaDa padagaLa oLaracaneyalli baLakeyAguva sErikeya niyama gaLalli kANisikoLLuttave.
kannaDa vyanjanagaLa paTTi
l t
2.7 tiruLu
kannaDadalli kANisuva sErikeya (sandhi) niyamagaLigU samskxtadalli kANisuva sErikeya niyamagaLigU naDuve halavu mukhyavAda vyatyAsa gaLive. kannaDada sErikeya niyamagaLu entahavu embudannu tiLiyalu samskxtada sErikeya niyamagaLu entahavu embudannu tiLiyuva avaSyakateyilla.
kannaDakke samskxtadinda eravalAgi bandiruva padagaLalli samskxta davE Ada kelavu sErikeya niyamagaLu kANisikoLLuvuvAda kAraNa avannu vivarisuvalli mAtra samskxtada sErikeya niyamagaLannu kannaDa vyAkaraNadalli tiLisihELuva avaSyakateyide. kannaDada sErikeya niyamagaLu padagaLa naDuve mattu padagaLa kone yalli bEre bEreyAgiruttave. idallade, sErikeya niyamakke oLapaDuva varNa prakxtiyadO pratyayaddO, padapratyayaddO padarUpa pratyaya ddO, kriyAprakxtiyadO nAmaprakxtiyadO, kannaDa padaddO samskxtadinda eravalAgi banda padaddO, prakxtiyalli chandO mAtregaLeShTive, sErikeya niyamakke oLapaDuva varNada svarUpavEnu modalAda halavAru viShayagaLannu gamanisikoLLade kannaDada sErikeya (sandhi)niyamagaLentahavu embudannu vivarisi hELalu sAdhyavAgadu. I viShayadallU kannaDa samskxtakkinta bhinnavAgide.
samskxta varNagaLa paTTi samskxtada maTTige ‘vayjYAnika’vAgiruvudu nijavAdarU kannaDada maTTige vayjYAnikavalla.
kannaDada sErikeya niyamagaLannu vivarisalu adaradE Ada vyAkaraNa vondannu siddhapaDisuvudu eShTu avaSya emba viShaya idarinda spaShTa vAguttade.