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10. savranAmagaLu mattu eNikeya padagaLu
10.1 munnOTa
kannaDadalli nAmapada mattu kriyApadagaLembudAgi eraDu mukhya pada vagragaLu mAtravallade guNapadagaLemba innondu padavagravU ide yembudannu nAvu mUranE adhyAyadalli nODiruvevu. samskxtadalli guNapadagaLu nAmapadagaLa hAgeyE baLakeyAguvuvAda kAraNa, adaralli kannaDada hAge guNapadagaLemba mUraneyadondu padavagra videyendu hELuvudakke yAva AdhAravU illa.
I eraDu bhAShegaLallU mElina padavagragaLige sErada bEre kelavu padagaLiddu, avannu avyayagaLemba innondu vagradalli sErisi hELuvudu rUDhi. samskxtada vayyAkaraNigaLu kelavaru ivannU nAma padagaLa vagradallE sErisiddAre. Adare kannaDadalli idu sAdhyavAgadu.
samskxtadalli savranAmagaLannu mattu eNikeya (sankhyAvAcaka) padagaLannu) nAmapadagaLa vagradallEnE sErisi hELuvudu rUDhi. Adare, kannaDadalli hIge mADalu sAdhyavAgadu. kannaDada savranAmagaLu eraDu mukhya gumpugaLalli baruttiddu, avu nAmapadagaLinda halavu viShayagaLalli bhinnavAgive. eNikeya padagaLU kelavu viShayagaLalli nAma padagaLa hAgilla.
10.2 savranAmagaLu
heccina kannaDa vyAkaraNagaLallU eraDu rItiya padagaLannu oTTAgi ‘savra nAma’ emba hesarininda kareyalAguttade. ADuga(uttamapuruSha) mattu kELuga(madhyamapuruSha)gaLannu sUcisuva nAnu, nAvu mattu nInu, nIvu embavugaLu mattu vAkyadallEnE bEre kaDeyalli gurutisiruva vyaktiyannu sUcisuva tAnu, tAvu embavugaLu ondu rItiyavugaLu.
itara (prathamapuruSha) vyakti, vastu modalAduvannu sUcisuva avanu, avaLu modalAdavugaLu mattu mukhyavAgi kELvi (‘praSnA rthaka’) vAkyagaLalli baruva yAvanu, yAvaLu modalAdavugaLu innondu rItiyavugaLu.
I eraDu rItiya savranAmagaLa naDuve halavu vyatyAsagaLiddu, nijakkU ivannella ‘savranAma’ emba ondE padavagradalli sErisi hELuvudu svalpa kaShTa.
10.2.1 puruShapadagaLu mattu savrapadagaLu
mEle vivarisida padagaLannella sAmAnyavAgi nAmapadagaLige badalAgi baraballuvemba ondu viShayada AdhArada mEle ‘savranAma’ emba padavagradalli irisuvudu rUDhi.
Adare nijakkU ADuga mattu kELugarannu sUcisuva nAnu, nInu modalAda padagaLu bEre nAmapadagaLige badalAgi baruvantaha pada gaLalla. avakke tammadE Ada ondu vyAkaraNa kAryavide. (1ka, kha) vAkyagaLannu pariSIlisidalli I viShaya spaShTavAdItu.
(1R
nAnu nimage hattu rupAyi koDuttEne rAju harige hattu rupAyi koDuttAne
(1ka) vAkya ondu vAgdAna illavE mAtu koDuva kAryavannu naDesaballudu, Adare (1kha) vAkya barE ondu viShayavannu mAtra tiLisaballudu. yAkendare, vAkyavondaralli adara ADuganannu sUcisuva nAnu padada baLakeyAgade adu ‘vAgdAna’vAgalAradu.
intaha nibrandhagaLige kAraNavEnendare, ondu vAkyavannu ADiruva vyaktiyannu A vAkyadalli bandiruva nAnu emba pada mAtravE sUcisaballudu mattu yArannuddESisi A vAkyavannu ADalAgideyO A vyaktiyannu nInu emba pada mAtravE sUcisaballudu. I eraDu kelasagaLannu kannaDadalli bEre yAva padavU mADalAradu.
nAnu rUpaLannu mecciddEne (2kha) ninage I pustaka meccigeyAgideyE?
(2ka) vAkyadalliruva nAnu padakke A vAkyavannu ADiruva vyakti yannu sUcisuva kelasavide. A vAkyavannu rAju hesarina vyakti ADiruva nAdare, adaralli bandiruva nAnu pada rAjuvannu sUcisuttide yundEnO hELabahudu. Adare (2ka)dalli nAnu padada badalu rAju padavannu baLasidalli adu A vAkyada ADuganannu sUcisalAradu.
rAju jAnakiyannu mecciddAne
nInu padada baLakeyU idE rItiyalli (2kha)dalli kANisida hAge tannadE Ada ondu kelasavannu kannaDa vAkyagaLalli naDesuttade.
ADuga mattu kELugarannu sUcisuva savranAmagaLa innondu vaySiShTyavEnendare, sAmAnyavAgi avu sUcisuva vyakti entahavanu embudannu A padagaLu nEravAgi tiLisalAravu. idakkAgi avugaLondige bEre nAmapadagaLannu baLasuva avaSyakateyide.
udAharaNegAgi, obba vyakti bAgilannu taTTidAga oLagiddavanu yAru? endu praSnisabahudu. Aga horagiddavanu nAnu endiShTE hELidalli adu yArendu oLagiddavanige gottAgadiralu sAdhyavide.
intaha sandabhragaLalli ADuga savranAmakke nEravAgi viSEShaNa gaLannu sErisi hELalu sAdhyavAgadu. adarondige horagiddavanu tanna hesarannU sErisi nAnu rAju embudAgi hELuvudondE illi uLidiruva dAri.
Adare itara savranAmagaLa baLakeyalli intaha tondareyilla. udAharaNegAgi, ADuga mattu kELugarannu horatupaDisi itara vyaktigaLannu sUcisuva avanu savranAmadondige viSEShaNagaLannu sErisi doDDavanu, modalinavanu, manege hOdavanu modalAda rUpagaLannu tayArisi baLasalu sAdhyavide.
innondu vyatyAsavEnendare, ADuga mattu kELuga savranAmagaLu vyaktisUcakagaLAgi nAmapadagaLa hAge mAtra baraballuvu. Adare, itara savranAmagaLu avanu, avaLu, adu modalAda rUpagaLalli nAma padagaLa hAge mAtravallade A, I, yAva modalAda rUpagaLalli guNapadagaLa hAgeyU aShTu, eShTu, hEge modalAda rUpagaLalli kriyAguNapadagaLa hAgeyU baraballuvu (heccina vivaragaLige bhaT 2003, 2004 nODi).
intaha halavu kAraNagaLigAgi, nAnu, nAvu, nInu, nIvu, tAnu mattu tAvu embavugaLannu ‘puruShapada’gaLemba padavagradalli mattu avanu, avaLu, adu, ivanu, Ike, yAru, eShTu, elli, yAvAga modalAduvannu adakkinta tIra bhinnavAda ‘savrapada’gaLemba padavagradalli irisi hELuvudE kannaDa (mattu itara halavu bhAShegaLa) vyAkaraNagaLa maTTige yOgyavAda vidhAna.
10.2.2 savrapadagaLa svarUpa
mEle sUcisida hAge, puruShapada mattu savrapadagaLa naDuve bEreyU halavu vyatyAsagaLive. udAharaNegAgi, kannaDadalli pum-strI- napumsaka lingabhEda savrapadagaLalli mAtra kANisuttadeyallade puruSha padagaLalli kANisuvudilla.
nAnu embudannu hengasaru mAtanADuvudiddarU baLasabahudu, ganDasaru mAtanADuvudiddarU baLasabahudu. nInu mattu tAnu embavugaLannU idE rItiyalli lingabhEdavannu gamanakke tegedukoLLade baLasalu sAdhyavide.
Adare avanu, avaLu modalAda savrapadagaLu mEle vivarisida puruShapadagaLiginta bhinnavAgiddu lingabhEdavannu tOrisuttave.
idallade bahuvacanarUpa, ShaShThIrUpa modalAdavugaLallU savra padagaLu puruShapadagaLiginta bhinnavAgive embudannu keLage koTTiruva udAharaNegaLalli kANabahudu.
Ekavacana rUpa
puruShapada nAnu nInu tAnu
savrapada avanu
bahuvacana rUpa ShaShThIrUpa nAvu
nIvu
tAvu
avaru
avu(gaLu)
nanna
ninna
tanna
avana
idakkintalU mukhyavAgi, avanu, avaLu, avaru, adu modalAda savrapadagaLu ivanu, ivaLu, ivaru, idu modalAda bEre kelavu savrapadagaLondige mattu yAvanu, yAvaLu, yAru,
yAvudu modalAda ‘praSnArthaka’ savrapadagaLondige ondu rUpA vaLiyalli baruttave.
I rUpAvaLiyalli nAmapadagaLAgi baruva savrapadagaLu mAtra vallade guNapadagaLAgi mattu avyayagaLAgi baruva savrapadagaLU ive. udAharaNegAgi, I paTTiyalli baruva padagaLalli antaha, hAge, eShTu, yAva modalAdavugaLannu kannaDada maTTige ‘savranAma’gaLendu kareyuvudu kaShTasAdhya. yAkendare avugaLalli ellavU ‘nAma’pada gaLalla; kelavu guNapadagaLu mattu bEre kelavu avyayagaLu. hIgiddarU I paTTiyalliruva ellA padagaLU ondE vagradalli sEruttaveyumbu daralli samSayavilla.
avanu ivanu avaLu ivaLu avaru ivaru D
F
yAvanu
yAvaLu
yAvudu
yAru yAvuvu
yAva
iShTu aShTu antaha intaha entaha
yAvAga eShTu hEge
kannaDadalli mElina padagaLu mAtravallade, Enu mattu yAke emba bEreyU eraDu savrapadagaLiddu avu I rUpAvaLiyinda horage nilluttave. I ellA padagaLannU a, i mattu yA emba mUru dhAtugaLannu baLasi tayArisalAgideyumbudannu gamanisabahudu.
haLegannaDadalli u dhAtuvininda tayArisiruva uvam, uvaL, udu modalAda padagaLannoLagonDiruva intahadE bErondu rUpAvaLiyU baLakeyallittu. Adare hosagannaDadalli idu naShTavAgide. ivugaLalli ikArada padagaLu mAtanADuvavana hattirada vyakti, vastu modalAduvannU, akAradavu avaniginta mattu ukAradavu iveraDara naDuvinavannU sUcisuttidduvendu tOruttade. dUradavannU
10.2.3 samskxtada savranAmagaLu
samskxtadalliyU kannaDada hAge ADuga mattu kELugarannu biTTu itararannu sUcisuva (prathamapuruSha) savranAmagaLu eraDaneya vibhAgadalli (savrapadagaLAgi) baruttiddu, aham ‘nAnu’, tvam ‘nInu’ modalAda puruShapadagaLiginta bhinnavAgive. I viShayadalli samskxta
kannaDada hAge endu hELalu sAdhyavideyAdarU samskxtadalli I padagaLu kannaDakkinta jAsti rUpAvaLigaLalli kANisikoLLuttave.
EShaH ‘ivanu’, EShA ‘ivaLu’, Etat ‘idu’ modalAdavugaLu ADugana hattiradavarannu sUcisuvuvAdare, asav ‘avanu, avaLu’, adaH ‘adu’ modalAdavugaLu ADuganinda dUra iruvavarannu sUcisuttave.
idallade edurige iruvavaru mattu illadavaru emba vyatyAsavannu sUcisuva bEre eraDu rUpAvaLigaLU samskxtadallive. ayam ‘ivanu’, iyam ‘ivaLu’, idam ‘idu’ modalAdavugaLu mAtanADu vavana sAnnidhyadalli iruvavarannu sUcisuttave mattu saH ‘avanu’, sA ‘avaLu’, tat ‘adu’ modalAdavugaLu sAnnidhyadalli illadavarannu sUcisuttave. (samskxtadalli modalige idda I vyatyAsa anantara illavAgide). I nAlku rUpAvaLigaLu mAtravallade kakAradinda suruvAguva kaH ‘yAvanu’, kA ‘yAvaLu’ modalAda praSnArthaka rUpAvaLi mattu yakAradinda suruvAguva yaH ‘yAvanu’, yA ‘yAvaLu’ modalAda sambandhaka rUpAvaLigaLU samskxtadallive. Adare kannaDadalli I eraDu rUpAvaLigaLa sthAnadalli ondE rUpAvaLiyide.
kannaDadalli vAkyagaLannu ondu nAmapadada viSEShaNavannAgi mADi baLasabEkiddalli praSnArthaka savrapadagaLannu hAgeyE ‘sambandhaka’ savra padagaLannAgi baLasuva rUDhiyide. Adare samskxtadalli idakkAgi bEreyE ondu savrapadagaLa rUpAvaLiyannu baLasabEkAguttade.
praSnArthaka savrapadagaLu samskxtadalli kakAradinda ArambhavAguvu vAdare I ‘sambandhaka’ savrapadagaLu yakAradinda prArambhisuttave. idu kannaDakkU samskxtakkU naDuviruva innondu vyatyAsa.
kaH nxpAya patram likhati? ‘rAjanige kAgadavannu yAru bareyuttAre?’ (3kha) yaH nxpAya patram likhati saH tatra tiShThati
‘rAjanige kAgadavannu yAru bareyuttArO avaru alli nintiddAre’
mEle samskxtada kELviyalli (3kadalli) kaH ‘yAru’ praSnArthaka pada bandideyAdare, sambandhaka vAkyadalli (3khadalli) yaH ‘yAru’ sambandhaka pada bandide. Adare kannaDadalli iveraDu vAkyagaLallU ondE pada, endare yAru embudE bandide embudannu gamanisabahudu.
samskxtadalli ADuga mattu kELuga puruShapadagaLige dvitIyA, caturthI mattu ShaShThI vibhaktigaLalli sankShipta rUpagaLive. udAharaNe gAgi, bahuvacanadalli ADuganannu sUcisuva asmAn ‘nammannu’, asmabhyam ‘namage’ mattu asmAkam ‘namma’ emba mUru rUpagaLigU naH emba sankShipta rUpavide, mattu kELuganannu sUcisuva yuShmAn ‘nimmannu’, yuShmabhyam ‘nimage’ mattu yuShmAkam ‘nimma’ emba mUru rUpagaLigU vaH emba sankShiptarUpavide. I padagaLannu otti hELadiruva sandabhradalli I sankShipa rUpagaLannu baLasabahudu.
ADuga mattu kELugarannu sUcisuva savranAmagaLu (puruSha padagaLu) itara savranAmagaLiginta (savrapadagaLiginta) bhinnavAduvu embudakke idU ondu AdhAravAgaballudu.
Adare illi ondu viShayavannu gamanisuvudu avaSya. kannaDadalli nAmapada, kriyApada mattu guNapada embudAgi mUru padavagra gaLiveyAda kAraNa, mattu avyayavemba nAlkaneyadondu padavagra vannU kanDukoLLalu sAdhyavideyAda kAraNa, mEle vivarisiruva ellA rItiya padagaLannU savranAmagaLendu kareyuvudaralli tondareyide.
Adare samskxtadalli I tondareyilla. yAkendare samskxtada vayyAkaraNigaLu adara padagaLannella kriyApada mattu nAmapada embudAgi eraDE eraDu padavagragaLalli vibhajisalu SaktarAgiddAre. hAgAgi, mEle koTTiruva padagaLannella ‘savranAma’gaLendu kareyuvu daralli samskxtada maTTige tondareyEnU illa. idu kannaDa mattu samskxta bhAShegaLa naDuve savranAmagaLa maTTigiruva innondu mukhyavAda vyatyAsa embudannu gamanisabahudu.
10.2.4 samskxtada ‘savrAdi’ padagaLu
samskxta vyAkaraNagaLalli savra, viSva, Eka, tad, Etad, idam, kim, itara, katara, ubhaya, alpa modalAda mUvattaydu padagaLannu oTTige sErisi ‘savrAdi’ emba paTTiyalli irisalAgide. avugaLondige
baruva vibhakti pratyayagaLu bEre nAmapadagaLondige baruva vibhakti pratyayagaLinda bhinnavAgiveyumbudE I paTTige AdhAra. udAharaNegAgi, samskxtadalli savra rUpadalli eraDu padagaLive. ivugaLalli ondakke ‘ella’ emba arthaviddu, adu ondu savranAma vAgi baLakeyallide; innondakke ‘Siva’ emba arthaviddu, adu savra nAmavallada ondu nAmapadavAgi baLakeyallide. I padagaLondige baruva vibhakti pratyayagaLa rUpadalli halavu vyatyAsagaLive.
prathamA-bahuvacana caturthI-Ekavacana pancamI-Ekavacana saptamI-Ekavacana ShaShThI-bahuvacana
savra ‘ella’ savrE
savrasmay savrasmAt savrasmin savrEShAm
savra ‘Siva’ savrAH savrAya savrAt savrE savrANAm
savra paTTiyalli bandiruva itara padagaLigU mEle koTTiruva savra ‘ella’ padada hAgeyE iruvantaha vibhakti rUpagaLive. I viShayavannu sankShiptavAgi sUcisalu samskxtada vayyAkaraNigaLu ivannella ‘savrAdi’ paTTiyalli sErisi hELiddAre.
kannaDadalli nAnu, nInu mattu tAnu embavugaLannu biTTu uLiduvakke I rIti viSiShTavAda vibhakti rUpagaLilla. hAgAgi, samskxtada savranAmagaLa hAge kannaDada ellA savranAmagaLannU oTTige ondu vagradalli sErisi hELalu antaha vibhakti rUpada AdhAravU siguvu
10.3 eNikeya padagaLu
kannaDada eNikeya padagaLu halavu viShayagaLalli samskxtada eNikeya (sankhyAvAcaka) padagaLinda bhinnavAgive. hAgAgi avannu samskxtada hAge nAmapadagaLa padavagradalli irisuvudu sariyalla.
samskxtada eNikeya padagaLu nAmapada vagradalli baruttave. Adare kannaDada eNikeya padagaLu kelavu viShayagaLalli nAmapadagaLa hAge baLakeyAguttave, Adare bEre kelavu viShayagaLalli guNapadagaLa hAge
baLakeyAguttave. hAgAgi avannu bEreyE padavagradalli irisuva avaSyakateyide.
idallade, oLaracaneyallU kannaDada eNikeya padagaLu samskxtada eNikeya padagaLiginta kelavu viShayagaLalli bhinnavAgive.
10.3.1 baLakeyalli vyatyAsa
kannaDada eNikeya padagaLannu ondu nAmapadada viSEShaNavAgi baLasi dAga, avu guNapadagaLa hAge yAva pratyayavannU paDeyade baruttave. Adare nAmapadagaLu I jAgadalli ShaShThI pratyayadondige baruttave.
nAmapada maNNina koDa marada peTTige
kallina mane
eNikeya pada mUru koDa enTu peTTige nAlku mane
guNapada kappu koDa doDDa peTTige hosa mane
(4R)
(4ka-ga)da modalanE kAlannalli koTTiruva nAmapadagaLu ShaShThI vibhaktiyalli bandive, Adare eraDanE kAlannalli koTTiruva eNikeya padagaLu mattu mUranE kAlannalli koTTiruva guNapadagaLu vibhakti pratyayavillade hAgeyE bandive.
I viShayadalli samskxta kannaDakkinta bhinnavAgide. yAkendare, A bhASheya eNikeya padagaLannu ondu nAmapadada viSEShaNavAgi baLasi dAga, avu A nAmapadada vibhakti pratyayadondige baruttave. idE rItiyalli samskxtada nAmapadagaLannu (illavE guNapadagaLannu) bErondu nAmapadadondige viSEShaNavAgi baLasidAgalU avu A nAmapadada vibhakti pratyayavannu paDeyuttave.
(5)
nAmapada
mxttikaH ghaTaH
‘maNNina koDa’
eNikeya pada ‘ondu koDa’
guNapada kxShNaH ghaTaH ‘kappu koDa’
(5)ralli koTTiruva samskxtada padakantegaLalli mxttika, Eka mattu kxShNa ivu mUrU avugaLa mundiruva ghaTa embudara linga-vacana- vibhaktiyannE paDedive. I kAraNakkAgi samskxtada nAmapada, eNikeya
pada mattu guNapadagaLannu ondE padavagradalli irisuvudu sari. Adare kannaDadalli A rIti mADuvudu sariyalla.
kannaDada eNikeya padagaLannu nAmapadada jAgadalli yAva badalAvaNeyannU mADade hAgeyE avakke vibhakti pratyayagaLannu sErisi baLasalu sAdhyavide (6ka-kha nODi). Adare guNapadagaLannu A rIti baLasalu sAdhyavilla (3.2.5 nODi).
I viShayadalli kannaDada eNikeya padagaLu samskxtada eNikeya padagaLannu hOluttave. yAkendare, samskxtadallU eNikeya pada gaLannu nEravAgi vibhakti pratyayagaLannu sErisi nAmapadagaLa jAgadalli baLasalu sAdhyavide.
(6ka) aham Ekam phalam khAdAmi
‘nAnu ondu haNNannu tinnuttEne’
(6kha) aham Ekam khAdAmi
‘nAnu ondannu tinnuttEne’
(6kha)dalli samskxtada Ekam eNikeya pada mattu kannaDada ondannu eNikeya pada iveraDU dvitIyA vibhakti pratyayadondige nAmapadada (phalam embudara illavE haNNannu embudara) jAgadalli baLakeyAgiruvudannu kANabahudu.
10.3.2 oLaracaneyalli vyatyAsa
kannaDadalli hannondu, hanneraDu, hadimUru modalAda ippattara varegina eNikeya padagaLannu hattu padada ShaShThI rUpakke ondu, eraDu, mUru modalAdavuLannu sErisi racisalAgide (hattina + ondu - hannondu). idakke badalu ippattu, mUvattu, nalu vattu, ayvattu modalAdavugaLannu eraDu, mUru, nAlku, aydu modalAdavugaLige nEravAgi hattu padavannu sErisi racisalAgide.
I rIti kannaDadalli I eraDu rItiya eNikeya padagaLa oLaracane yalli vyatyAsavide. Adare samskxtadalli I eraDu rItiya padagaLannU ondE rItiyalli, endare Eka, dvA, traya, catur modalAduvannu ‘hattu’ embarthada padakke sErisi racisalAgide.
EkAdaSa ‘hannondu’, dvAdaSa ‘hanneraDu’, trayOdaSa ‘hadi mUru’, catudraSa ‘hadinAlku’ modalAdavugaLalli idakkAgi daSa ‘hattu’ pada bandideyAdare, vimSati ‘ippattu’, trimSat ‘mUvattu’, catvArimSat ‘naluvattu’, pancASat ‘ayvattu’ modalAdavugaLalli *daSati embudarinda bandirabahudAda Sati illavE Sat pada bandide.
innondu vyatyAsavEnendare, ippattu, mUvattu, naluvattu modalAduvakke ondu, eraDu, mUru modalAdavugaLannu sErisi hELabEkAdAga kannaDadalli modalinavannu ShaShThI rUpadalli baLasuva kramavide. ondu, eraDu modalAdavugaLu avugaLa anantara baruttave. kannaDada ippattamUru, naluvattanAlku, aruvattamUru modalA davugaLallU, mattu nUramUvattAru, sAvirada innUra naluvatta mUru modalAdavugaLallU idE vyAkaraNa vidhAna baLakeyAgide.
Adare samskxtadalli ondu, eraDu, mUru modalAduvannu sUcisuva padagaLu ippattu, mUvattu, naluvattu modalAduvannu sUcisuva padagaLa modalu baruttave. udAharaNegAgi, pancasaptati ‘eppattaydu’ padadalli panca ‘aydu’ pada modalu bandide mattu saptati ‘eppattu’ pada anantara bandide. illi padagaLa anukramadalli badalAvaNeyAgideyumbudannu gamanisabahudu.
kannaDada eNikeya padagaLannu padagaLa rUpadalli bareyali illavE ankegaLa rUpadalli bareyali, avugaLa oLaracaneyalli baruva ankegaLa anukramadalli vyatyAsavEnU kANisuvudilla.
ippattamUru
naluvattanAlku
nUramUvattAru
1243 sAvirada innUra
naluvattamUru
2 (hattu) 3 4 (hattu) 4 1 (nUru) 3 (hattu) 6 1 (sAvira) 2 (nUru)
4 (hattu) 3
Adare samskxtada eNikeya padagaLannu padarUpadalli baredAga avugaLa oLaracaneyalli baruva ankegaLa anukrama ondu rItiyalli iruttade mattu ankegaLa rUpadalli baredAga innondu rItiyalli iruttade. keLage koTTiruva udAharaNegaLu I viShayavannu spaShTapaDisu ttave.
catustrimSat 4-3 (hattu) pancasaptati 5-7 (hattu) 217 saptadaSam dviSatam
7 (hattu) 2 (nUru)
‘mUvattanAlku’ 3 (hattu) 4 ‘eppattaydu’ 7 (hattu) 5 ‘innUra hadinELu’ ‘2 (nUru) (1) (hattu) 7’
mEle modalanE kAlannalli koTTiruva ankeya rUpadalliruva sankhyeya oLaracanegU mattu eraDanE kAlannalli koTTiruva padarUpa dalliruva adE sankhyeya oLaracanegU naDuve halavu vyatyAsagaLiruvu dannu gamanisabahudu.
udAharaNegAgi, modalaneya kAlannalli ankeya rUpadalliruva 34 sankhyeyalli 3 modalu bandide mattu 4 anantara bandide; Adare, eraDaneya kAlannalli padarUpadalliruva catustrimSat sankhyeyalli 3 (trimSat) anantara bandide mattu 4 (catur) adakkinta modalu bandide. itara sankhyegaLallU hIgeyE.
Adare mUranE kAlannalli bandiruva I sankhyegaLa kannaDa pada rUpagaLigU mattu modalaneya kAlannalli ankeya rUpadalliruva avE sankhyegaLigU naDuve intaha vyatyAsagaLilla. kannaDada mUvatta nAlku embudaralli 34 embudaralliruva hAge 3 (mUvatta) modalu bandide mattu 4 (nAlku) anantara bandide.
10.4 tiruLu
kannaDadalli ADuga (uttama) mattu kELuga (madhyama) puruShada nAnu, nAvu, nInu, nIvu embavugaLu mattu itara (prathama) puruShada tAnu, tAvu embavugaLu ondu vagradalli sEruvuvAdare, itara savranAmagaLu bErondu vagradalli sEruttave. samskxtada hAge ivellavannU ‘savranAma’ (illavE savrAdi) emba ondE vagradalli sErisi hELalu kannaDa vyAkaraNadalli yAva AdhAravU illa.
bEre kelavu viShayagaLallU samskxta mattu kannaDa bhAShegaLalli baruva savranAmagaLu ondakkinta ondu bhinnavAgive.
kannaDada eNikeya padagaLu kelavu viShayagaLalli nAmapadagaLa hAge baruvuvAdarU bEre kelavu viShayagaLalli guNapadagaLa hAge baruttave.