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12. muktAya
12.1 vyatyAsagaLa mUla
kannaDakke adaradE Ada vyAkaraNa parampareyondannu siddhapaDisuvudu yAke avaSya embudannu spaShTavAgi tiLisi hELuvudE I pustakada mukhya uddESa.
kannaDadalli iduvarege tayArAgiruva vyAkaraNagaLalli heccinavU samskxtada vyAkaraNa parampareyannE avalambisive. samskxtada vyAkaraNa niyamagaLannu kannaDakke aLavaDisuvudu hEge embudannu mAtra I vyAkaraNagaLu pariSIlisive. Adare, nijakkU kannaDada padagaLa mattu vAkyagaLa oLaracaneyalli baLakeyAguva niyamagaLu samskxtadalli baLakeyAguva niyamagaLiginta bahaLaShTu bhinnavAgive. I padagaLannu mattu vAkyagaLannu kannaDaddE Ada dxShTikOnadinda pariSIlisidAga mAtra, avugaLa hindiruva vyAkaraNa niyamagaLa nijavAda svarUpavEnu embudu spaShTavAguttade. samskxtada vyAkaraNada dxShTikOnadinda pariSIlisidalli avu aspaShTavAgi mAtravE kANisaballuvu.
kannaDa mattu samskxta bhAShegaLa naDuve avu baLasuva vyAkaraNa niyamagaLalli kANisuva intaha halavu rItiya vyatyAsagaLannu nAnu I pustakadalli tOrisikoTTiddEne.
Adare, I eraDu bhAShegaLa naDuviruva vyatyAsagaLannella kUlankaSa vAgi paTTimADi hELuvudu I pustakada uddESavalla. samskxtada vyAkaraNa niyamagaLannu kannaDakke aLavaDisahOdare hEge tondare yunTAgaballudu embudannu manamuTTuvante tOrisi koDuvudaShTE nanna uddESa. hAgAgi I uddESavannu sAdhisuvudakke bEkAguvaShTu viShayagaLannu mAtra nAnu illi koTTiddEne.
samsxta mattu kannaDa bhAShegaLu bEre bEre mUlagaLinda beLedu bandiruvudE avugaLa vyAkaraNa niyamagaLalli iShTondu vyatyAsagaLu kANisikoLLalu mukhya kAraNa. samskxta bhAShe inDO-yurOpiyan mUladinda beLedu bandide; Adare kannaDa bhAShe adakkinta tIra bhinna vAgiruva drAviDa mUladinda beLedu bandide (bhaT 2005ka nODi).
manassinalliruva ingitavannu innobbarige tiLisuvudakkAgi mattu praSnisuvudu, vidhisuvudu, samSayisuvudu modalAda halavu rItiya mAtina kelasagaLannu naDesuvudakkAgi nAvu bhASheyannu baLasuttEve. ivannu naDesalu ellA bhAShegaLU ondE bageya vyAkaraNa vidhAna gaLannu baLasuvudilla, bEre bEre bageya vyAkaraNa vidhAnagaLannu baLasu ttave.
idakkAgi inDO-yurOpiyan mattu drAviDa bhAShAmUla gaLu bEre bEre vidhAnagaLannu ArisikonDiddirabEku mattu hAgAgi, prArambhadallEnE avu ondakkinta ondu tIrA bhinnavAgiddirabEku. anantara I vidhAnagaLu A eraDu mUlagaLinda beLedu bandiruva samskxta, kannaDa modalAda bhAShegaLa sAvirAru vaShragaLa caritreyalli bEre bEre rItiyalli badalAguttA bandirabEku.
anantarada kAladalli kannaDa bhAShe samskxtada sampakrakke banduda rindAgi kelavu viShayagaLalli samskxtadondige hOlikeyannu paDedide yAdarU heccina viShayagaLallU adu tanna mUla svarUpavannu hAgeyE uLisikonDide.
inDO-yurOpiyan bhAShAkuTumbakke sEriruva samskxta illavE ingliSh bhASheya vyAkaraNa parampareyannu baLasuva badalu bEre yAvudAdarU ondu drAviDa bhASheya vyAkaraNa parampareyannu baLasi kannaDada vyAkaraNavannu racisidalli adu kannaDada padaracaneya mattu vAkyaracaneya niyamagaLannu heccu spaShTavAgi mattu sariyAgi tiLisaballudu.
Adare antaha vyAkaraNa parampareyinnU siddhavAgilla. tamiLu, telugu modalAda itara drAviDa bhAShegaLa vyAkaraNagaLU bahaLa maTTige samskxta illavE ingliSh vyAkaraNa parampareyallEnE tayA rAgiddu avU kannaDada vyAkaraNagaLa hAgeyE asamaprakagaLAgive. hAgAgi, kannaDakke adaradE Ada vyAkaraNa parampareyondannu tayArisi koLLuvudondE namage uLidiruva dAri.
12.2 hosa dxShTikOna
kannaDa vyAkaraNada mEle lEkhana illavE pustakagaLannu bareyuvavaru I kAraNakkAgi ondu hosa dxShTikOnavannu baLasikoLLuva avaSyakate yide. kannaDada lEkhakaralli sAmAnyavAgi vyAkhyAnakArara dxShTikOnavE kANisuttide. nAgavarma, kESirAja modalAda kannaDada vayyAkaraNigaLu
nijakkU Enu hELiddaru, avara hELikegaLa naDuve entaha vyatyAsagaLella ive embudannu paTTimADi vivarisuvudE ivaru ivattu mADuttiruva ‘samSOdhane’gaLu.
I rIti hindina vayyAkaraNigaLa granthagaLannu vimaSrisuvudu avaSyavAdarU kannaDa vyAkaraNada maTTige avu nammannu heccu mundakke konDoyyalAravu. yAkendare, kannaDada haLeya vyAkaraNagaLella samskxta vyAkaraNada dxShTikOnavannirisikonDive; hAgAgi, avu kannaDa vyAkaraNada nijavAda svarUpavannu vivarisi hELalAravu.
udAharaNegAgi, namma vayyAkaraNigaLu kannaDadalli entaha samAsa gaLella ive embudannu varNisuva krama hEge embudannu gamanisa bahudu. modalige samskxtadalli entaha samAsagaLella ive embudannu vivarisi avakke kannaDadinda udAharaNegaLannu koDalu avaru prayatnisu ttAre. anantara I samAsagaLalli ondakkU udAharaNeyAgalArada jODupadagaLu kannaDadalli kANisuttiveyAdare avu entaha samAsa gaLige udAharaNegaLAgaballuvu emba praSnege iLiyuttAre.
idarindAgi kannaDa vyAkaraNa samskxta mattu kannaDa vyAkaraNagaLa ondu tEpekelasavAgide. I samskxta vyAkaraNada dxShTikOnavannu biTTu koTTu, nEravAgi kannaDada jODupadagaLannu ondeDe kalehAki avugaLalli entaha samAsagaLella ive embudannu mAtravE pariSIliside vAdare namage kannaDada nijavAda samAsagaLAvuvu emba praSnege sari yAda mattu spaShTavAda uttara doretItu (bhaT 2002 nODi). idE rItiyalli kannaDadalli baLakeyAguva halavu rItiya vAkya gaLannu ondeDe sangrahisi, avugaLalli baruva nAmapadagaLannu kriyApada gaLondige sambandhisalu entaha pratyayagaLella bEkAguttave, mattu I pratyayagaLu entaha sambandhagaLannella sUcisaballuvu embudannu pariSIlisidalli kannaDadalli eShTu vibhaktigaLu baLakeyallive mattu avugaLa kAryaventahadu emba viShaya spaShTavAdItu (bhaT 1978, 2004 nODi).
idakke badalu namma vayyAkaraNigaLu mADuva hAge samskxtada vibhaktigaLAvuvu, avugaLa kAryavEnu, kArakagaLigU avakkU naDuve entaha sambandhavide, modalAda viShayagaLannu modalu tiLidukonDu anantara kannaDakke avannu hondisuva bage hEge embudAgi AlOcisi dalli kannaDada maTTige ondu tIrA vicitravAda vyAkaraNa siddhavAdItu (mattu siddhavAgide).
ondu bhASheya vyAkaraNavannu arthamADikoLLuva sandabhradalli innondu bhASheya vyAkaraNa hEgideyendu tiLidukoLLuvudarinda svalpavU prayOjanavillavendEnU nAnu hELuttA illa. heccu heccu bhAShegaLa vyAkaraNagaLannu abhyAsa mADidaShTU namma bhASheya vyAkaraNa vannu tiLidukoLLuva kelasa heccu heccu sulabhavAgaballudu.
Adare bEre bEre bhAShegaLa vyAkaraNagaLu bEre bErAgiralu sAdhya emba viShayavannu mareyadiruvudu avaSya. halavu bhAShegaLa vyAkaraNa gaLannu abhyAsa mADidAga vyAkaraNagaLu hEgirabahudu emba viShaya namage tiLiyuttade. I tiLuvaLikeya AdhArada mEle namma bhASheya vyAkaraNa hEgide embudannu tiLiyalu nAvu prayatnisabEku.
I hosa dxShTikOnada avaSyakateyannu mukhyavAgi eraDu sandabhragaLalli kANabahudu. pavraDhaSAlegaLalli Oduva vidyArthigaLige kannaDa vyAkaraNavannu kalisuvudakkAgi vyAkaraNa paThyapustakagaLannu tayA risuvudu ondu sandabhra.
kAlEjugaLalli kannaDa bhASheyannE heccu ALavAgi abhyAsa mADuva vidyArthigaLige paThyavannodagisabEkAgiruvudu mattu kannaDa vyAkaraNada mEle samSOdhaneyannu mADabEkendiruva vidyArthigaLige mAgra daSranavannu mADabEkAgiruvudu eraDaneya sandabhra. I eraDu sandabhragaLalli bEre bEre rItiya samasyegaLELuvuvAda kAraNa avannu bEre bEreyAgi pariSIlisuvudu avaSya.
12.3 SAlA vyAkaraNagaLu
kannaDada maTTige hELuvudAdare, ivattu SAlegaLalli kalisuvudakkAgi baLakeyalliruva vyAkaraNada paThyapustakagaLannu pUrtiyAgi badalAyisu vudu avaSya. avugaLalli kANisuva samskxta vyAkaraNada amSagaLella vannU pUrtiyAgi tegedu hAkabEku mattu haLegannaDada padaracane mattu padarUpa racanegaLa kuritu avugaLalli baruva ellA amSagaLannU tegedu hAkabEku.
hosagannaDadalli kANisuva padagaLa, padarUpagaLa, padakantegaLa mattu vAkyagaLa oLaracaneyannaShTE I vyAkaraNagaLalli vivarisi hELidalli vidyArthigaLige avannu arthamADikoLLalu kaShTavAgalAradu. idallade intaha vyAkaraNagaLa sahAyadinda hosagannaDada padagaLannu mattu vAkyagaLannu baLasikoLLuvalli avarige svalpavAdarU prayOjanavAdItu.
tI. nam. SrIkanThayyanavara kannaDa madhyama vyAkaraNa I dikkinalli mADida ondu uttama prayatnavendu hELabahudu. idaralli hosa gannaDada prayOgagaLannu mAtravE vivarisuvudara mUlaka vyAkaraNada niyamagaLannu vidyArthigaLu sulabhavAgi arthamADikoLLalu sAdhyavAgu vante mADalAgide. idallade vyAkaraNa niyamagaLannU sulabhavAgi arthavAguvante idaralli bareyalAgide.
Adare kannaDakke avaSyavallada mattu kannaDakke hondikeyAgada samskxta parampareya kelavu vyAkaraNa niyamagaLu idarallU hAgeyE uLidukonDive. udAharaNegAgi, kannaDada samAsagaLannu vibhajisuvu dakkAgi samskxtada hAge jODupadada eraDu angagaLalli pradhAna vAdudu yAvudu emba amSavannE baLasalAgide. kannaDadalli idakkintalU modalaneya anga yAva vagrakke sEruttade emba amSavE yOgya embudannu nAvu mEle aydanE adhyAyadalli nODiruvevu.
guNapadagaLannu nAmapadagaLa vagradalli sErisidudarindAgi avakke viSEShaNa rUpa mattu kAraka rUpa embudAgi eraDu rUpagaLive yendu hELabEkAgide. Adare nijakkU doDDavanu, cikkavaLu, hiriyavaru modalAdavugaLu guNapadagaLalla, vyaktivAcaka padakantegaLu. avugaLalli doDDa, cikka, hiri modalAda guNapadagaLu avanu, avaLu, avaru modalAda savranAma (savrapada)gaLondige viSEShaNa gaLAgi baLakeyAgive aShTe.
idE rItiyalli, eNikeya padagaLige mattu kxdantanAmagaLige (hOguvavanu, baruvavaru, hADidavaLu) viSEShaNa rUpa mattu kAraka rUpagaLiveyendu hELalAgide. Adare illU kannaDadalliruvudu padakantegaLallade padarUpagaLalla. intaha bEreyU kelavu kannaDakke hondikeyAgada viShayagaLu I vyAkaraNadalliddu ivannu tegedu hAkuva illavE badalAyisuva avaSyakateyide.
12.4 kAlEjugaLalli bOdhane mattu samSOdhane
kAlEjugaLalli kannaDa bhASheyannu ALavAgi abhyAsa mADuva mattu kannaDa vyAkaraNada mEle heccina samSOdhanegaLannu naDesuva vidyArthi gaLige mEle vivarisida hosa dxShTikOnavannu odagisikoDuvudu ondu atyanta mukhyavAda kelasavendu nanna abhiprAya. kannaDada padaracane mattu vAkyaracanegaLannu nEravAgi pariSIlisuva pravxtti avaralli beLeyabEku.
idallade kannaDada vyAkaraNa pustakagaLalli baruva vyAkaraNa niyama gaLannu hAgeyE uruhoDeyuva badalu avannu sariyAgi arthamADi konDu nijakkU avu kannaDada padaracaneyannu mattu vAkyaracaneyannu sariyAgi vivarisuttiveyE embudannu pariSIlisuva mattu praSnisuva pravxtti avaralli beLeyuvante mADabEku.
intaha pravxtti namma kannaDa vidyArthi-samSOdhakaralli illavE illavendu hELidarU tappAgalAradu. illavAdare nAnu I pustakadalli vivarisidantaha mattu kaNNige hoDedu kANisuvantaha asamapraka vyAkaraNa niyamagaLu kannaDa vyAkaraNadalli tumbi tuLukuttiruvudannu I vidyArthi-samSOdhakaralli obbibbarAdarU gamanisadiralu sAdhyave?
udAharaNegAgi, haLegannaDadalli dapa pratyayakke vartamAnArthavide mattu va pratyayakke bhaviShyadarthavideyundu kannaDa vayyAkaraNigaLu kaLeda sAvira vaShragaLindalU hELuttA bandiddAre. nijakkU idu nijavE, haLegannaDa kAvyagaLalli I pratyayagaLannoLagonDiruva padagaLu nijakkU I arthabhEdavannu sUcisuttiveyE embudannu obbanE obba samSOdhakanU pariSIlisalu hOgillavendare AScaryavAguvudillave?
nAnu mEleyE hELiruvante, vyAkhyAnakArana manObhAvavannu biTTukoTTu samSOdhakana manObhAvavannu aLavaDisikonDarEnE namma jYAnavannu heccisalu sAdhya. hindina vidvAmsaru Enu hELiddaru embudannu vivarisuvudu mAtravE vyAkhyAnakArana uddESa. hindinavara hELikeyalli tappideyE? ideyAdare adannu saripaDisuvudu hEge? hindinavaru hELiradantaha viShayagaLEnAdarU iveyE? embudannu kanDuhiDiyuvudE samSOdhakana kelasa.
hindinavaru hELidudannu sariyAgi arthamADikonDare namage A viShayada jYAna labhisuttade. Adare A viShayada kuritAgi namma samAjadalliruva jYAna heccuvudilla. hindinavaru hELidudaralli asAngatyavEnAdarU ideyAdare adannu kanDukoLLuvudara mUlaka mAtravE namma samAjada jYAnanidhi heccaballudu.
kannaDa vyAkaraNada mEle samSOdhaneyannu naDesabEkendiruvavaralli intaha samSOdhaka pravxtti beLeyuvante mADuvalli mattu SAlA vidyArthigaLigAgi vyAkaraNa paThyapustakagaLannu racisuva vidvAmsaralli ondu hosa dxShTikOnavunTAguvante mADuvalli I pustaka svalpa vAdarU sahAyakavAgavAgali embudE nanna hArayke.
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