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6. linga mattu vacanagaLu
6.1 munnOTa
kannaDa vAkyagaLa oLaracaneyalli linga mattu vacana emba I eraDu vyAkaraNatatvagaLige mukhyavAda sthAnavide. vAkyadalli baLakeyAguva nAma padagaLannu mUru upavagragaLalli vingaDisuva kelasavannu avugaLa ‘linga’ naDesuttade mattu avu gurutisuva vyakti, vastu modalAdavugaLa eNikeyuntahadu embudannu avugaLa ‘vacana’ tiLisuttade.
kannaDadalli pullinga, strIlinga mattu napumsakalinga embudAgi mUru lingagaLive. ivu ganDu, heNNu mattu itara embudAgi nAma padagaLu gurutisuva vyakti, vastu modalAdavugaLa svarUpavannanusarisi nAmapadagaLannu vingaDisuttave.
idallade, Ekavacana mattu bahuvacana embudAgi kannaDadalli eraDu vacanagaLive. ivu nAmapadagaLu gurutisuva vyakti, vastu modalAdavu gaLu ondE athavA ondakkinta jAstiyE embudAgi avugaLa eNike yannu sUcisuttave. nAmapadavannu adara prakxti rUpadalli, endare adakke yAva pratyayavannU sErisade baLasidare Ekavacana mattu ru illavE gaLu pratyayadondige baLasidare bahuvacana.
linga mattu vacanagaLemba I eraDu vyAkaraNatatvagaLU nAmapada gaLa baLakege sambandhisidavugaLu embudannilli gamanisuvudu avaSya. kriyApadagaLa baLakeyallU ivannu kANalu sAdhyavideyAdarU alli avugaLa svarUpa kriyApadagaLondige baruva nAmapadagaLa svarUpa vannavalambisideyallade kriyApadagaLa svarUpavannavalambisilla.
udAharaNegAgi, baruttAre endAga ‘halavu mandi vyaktigaLu baruttAre’ emba artha baruvudallade ‘baruva kriyeyannu obba vyakti halavu bAri mADuttAne (endare halavu bAri bandu hOgi mADu ttAne)’ emba artha baralAradu. hAgAgi, baruttAre kriyApadadalli bandiruva bahuvacana A kriyApadakke sambandhisidudalla.
kriyApadagaLalli kANisuva linga vyatyAsavU idE rItiyalli nAma padakke sambandhisidudallade nEravAgi kriyApadakke sambandhisidudalla.
(1) (2) (3)
ninne jAnaki puttUrige hOgiddaLu rAju santeyalli yArannu kanDidda? nAyi Enu mADuttade?
(1-3)nE vAkyagaLalli kriyApadagaLu mUru bEre bEre linga gaLalli bandiveyembudannu gamanisabahudu. (1)nE vAkyada hOgi ddaLu kriyApada strIlingadallide, (2)nE vAkyada kanDidda kriyApada pullingadallide mattu (3)nE vAkyada mADuttade kriyApada napumsaka lingadallide.
Adare kriyApadagaLalli kANisuva I lingabhEda avugaLondige A vAkyagaLalli bandiruva jAnaki, rAju mattu nAyi embavugaLalli kANisuva linga vyatyAsavannavalambisideyallade kriyApadavu sUcisuva ghaTaneya svarUpavannavalambisilla.
nAmapadagaLige sambandhisida hAge sAmAnyavAgi ‘puruSha’ emba innondu vyAkaraNa tatvavannU hesarisuva krama rUDhiyallide. Adare, nijakkU I vyAkaraNatatva nAmapadagaLige sambandhisidudalla. vAkyada ADuga mattu kELugarannu sUcisuva ‘puruShapada’ emba bEreyE ondu padavagrakke sEruva padagaLige sambandhisida hAge I tatva baLake yallide (10.2.1 nODi).
6.2 lingabhEdagaLu
6.2.1 ‘linga’ padada baLake
kannaDa vyAkaraNagaLalli ‘linga’ padavannu eraDu arthagaLalli baLasalAgide. ‘vibhaktigaLannu paDeyaballa nAmaprakxtigaLu’ embudu adara ondu artha; ‘pullinga, strIlinga mattu napumsaka lingagaLemba nAmaprakxtigaLa vagragaLu (illavE prabhEdagaLu)’ embudu adara innondu artha.
hIge ondE pAribhAShika padavannu eraDu bhinnavAda arthagaLalli baLasuvudarinda anavaSyakavAgi gondalakkeDeyAgalu sAdhyavide. hAgAgi, modalaneya arthadalli ‘nAmaprakxti’ (illavE nAmapada) padavannE
upayOgisi, ‘linga’ padavannu eraDaneya arthadalli mAtra uLisi koLLuvudu oLLeyadu. idallade, kannaDadalli samskxtada hAge nAmaprakxtigaLannu vAkyadalli baLasuvAgalella vibhakti pratyayagaLannu sErisiyE baLasabEkemba niyama villa (8.4 nODi). avaSyavilladalli avakke vibhakti pratyayavannu sErisade hAgeyE prakxtirUpadallU baLasalu sAdhyavide.
hAgAgi, samskxtada hAge kannaDadalli ‘nAmapada’ mattu ‘nAma prakxti’ (illavE ‘prAtipadika’) embudAgi eraDu pAribhAShika padagaLannu baLasuva avaSyakateyU illa, mattu I kAraNakkAgi mEle koTTiruva modalaneya arthadalli ‘linga’ padavannu baLasuva avaSyakateyU illa.
6.2.2 kannaDadalli lingavibhajane
‘linga’ embudu (mEle koTTiruva eraDaneya arthadalli) nAmapada gaLannu vibhajisuvalli baLakeyAguva ondu vyAkaraNatatva endu hELa bahudu. heccina bhAShegaLallU nAmapadagaLannu ganDu, heNNu mattu itara emba vyatyAsada AdhArada mElEnE pullinga, strIlinga mattu napumsakalinga embudAgi vibhajisuvudu rUDhi. kannaDadallU hIgeyE. nAmapadagaLa lingavannu kannaDadalli mukhyavAgi avugaLa artha dindalEnE tiLidukoLLuva avaSyakateyide. kelavu nAmapadagaLalli I vyatyAsavannu sUcisuva pratyayagaLu kANisikoLLuvuvAdarU heccineDe gaLallU nAmapadagaLa arthavE I vibhajaneya AdhAravAgiruttade.
udAharaNegAgi, huDuga-huDugi, ajja-ajji, geLeya-geLati modalAda kelavu nAmapadagaLalli lingavannu sUcisuva pratyayagaLu bandive. Adare aNNa, akka, mara, hengasu, ganDasu modalAda padagaLalli antaha pratyayagaLilla. avugaLa lingavannu arthadindalEnE tiLiyabEkAguttade.
idallade, kannaDadalli ganDu mattu heNNu emba lingabhEda manuShyarannu gurutisuva nAmapadagaLa baLakeyalli mAtra kANisi koLLuttade. itara prANigaLallU ganDu-heNNu emba bhEdavannu kANalu sAdhyavideyAdarU avannu gurutisuva nAmapadagaLannella kannaDadalli manuShyEtararannu sUcisuva napumsakalingadalli sErisuvudE rUDhi.
(4)
manuShya
manuShyEtara
huDuga banda
huDugi bandaLu
dana bantu ettu bantu
kannaDadalli kANisuva lingabhEdada innondu vaySiShTyavEnendare, adaralli pum-strI lingabhEda Ekavacanadalli mAtra kANisikoLLuttade; I kAraNakkAgi, bahuvacanadalli pullinga, strIlinga mattu napumsakalinga emba lingabhEdada badalu manuShya-manuShyEtara emba lingabhEda kannaDadallide.
(5ka) Ekavacana pullinga
strIlinga
napumsakalinga ettu bantu
huDuga banda
huDugi bandaLu
(5kha) bahuvacana
manuShya
manuShyEtara
huDugaru bandaru huDugiyaru bandaru ettugaLu banduvu
6.2.3 samskxtada linga vibhajane
samskxtadalli baLakeyalliruva nAmapadagaLa linga vibhajane kannaDada linga vibhajaneginta halavu viShayagaLalli bhinnavAgide.
(1) samskxtadalli I vibhajanege arthada AdhAra bahaLa kaDime. padagaLa koneya varNavannAdharisi avugaLa linga yAvudu embudannu nirdharisalu svalpa maTTige sAdhyavAguvudAdarU heccineDegaLallU nAma padagaLa lingavannu avugaLa baLakeya AdhArada mElEnE tiLidukoLLuva avaSyakate samskxtadallide.
udAharaNegAgi, samskxtadalli ellA rItiya nAmapadagaLU pullinga, strIlinga illavE napumsakalingadalli baraballuvu: varNaH ‘baNNa’ embudu pullinga, mati ‘buddhi’ embudu strIlinga mattu madhu ‘jEnu’ embudu napumsaka linga; ‘henDati’ emba arthaviruva dArA pada pullinga, patnI pada strIlinga mattu kalatram pada napumsakalinga.
heccina nAmapadagaLigU samskxtadalli ondu niScitavAda linga viruttade. Adare kelavannu sandabhrakkanusAravAgi eraDu illavE mUru lingagaLallU baLasalu sAdhyavide.
hAgAgi, samskxtada arthakOSagaLalli nAmapadagaLa arthavannu (mattu padavagravannu) koDabEkAguttade mAtravalla, pratiyondu nAmapadada edurigU adu ondE lingadalli baruvantahadO illavE eraDu athavA mUru lingagaLalli baruvantahadO embudannu mattu yAva lingadalli (athavA lingagaLalli) baruvantahadu embudannu spaShTa vAgi sUcisabEkAguttade.
(6ka) yAvAgalU ondE lingadalli baruva padagaLu
pullinga: pitx, tilaka, dhI, taDi ‘ETu’, cOla ‘ravike’, takra, timingila, tiraskAra, Atman, nidhi, ityAdi. strIlinga: mAtx, nadI, nav, SrI, lipi, nidrA, mahAnavamI, cacrA, kAdambarI, ityAdi. napumsakalinga: hxdaya, citra, tAmbUla, madhu, asthi, yakxt, brahman, ityAdi.
(6kha) eraDu athavA mUru lingagaLalli baraballa padagaLu
pum-strIlinga: tithi, vajra, kIla ‘kIlu’, kuTa ‘mane’, pum-napumsakalinga: kartx, tanDula, mOdaka, mUla, kaShAya, kirITa, kuTumba, abhraka, ityAdi. strI-napumsakalinga: avcitya(tI), SAla(lA), nxsEna(nA), pum-strI-napumsakalinga: Suci, guru, nitya, nidrita, prakA Saka, parakIya, ityAdi.
Adare kannaDadalli I samasyeyilla. ellA nAmapadagaLa lingavannU avugaLa arthada AdhArada mElEnE UhisikoLLalu sAdhyavideyAda kAraNa, avugaLa lingavannu kannaDada arthakOSadalli sUcisuva avaSyakateyilla.
samskxtadalli nAmapadagaLa lingavannu tiLidukoLLuvudu bahaLa kaShTada kelasavAda kAraNa adara vayyAkaraNigaLu nAmapadagaLannu pullinga, strIlinga mattu napumsaka linga embudAgi mUru lingagaLalli mAtravallade pumstrI linga, punnapumsakalinga, strInapumsakalinga ityAdi yAgi bEre kelavu vagragaLallU vingaDisalu prayatnisiddAre.
kannaDada vayyAkaraNigaLu samskxtada I kliShTavAda lingavibhajane yannu kannaDakkU aLavaDisahOgi anavaSyakavAgi adu iruvudakkinta heccu kliShTavAgi kANuva hAge mADiddAre mattu gondalavannU tandu hAkiddAre.
(2) samskxtadalli pum-strI lingabhEda kannaDada hAge Ekavacanadalli mAtravallade (6.3.2 nODi), dvivacana mattu bahuvacanagaLallU kANisikoLLuttade.
(7) ‘avanu’
‘avaLu’
Ekavacana
dvivacana
bahuvacana
(3) kannaDadalli nAmapadagaLa lingabhEdavannu kriyArUpagaLallU sUcisuva kramavide; Adare samskxtada kriyArUpagaLu puruSha mattu vacana bhEdagaLannu mAtra sUcisuttaveyallade lingabhEdavannu sUcisu vudilla. idu kannaDa mattu samskxta bhAShegaLa naDuviruva innondu vyatyAsa.
(8)
samskxtada kriyArUpagaLu
tatra rAmaH asti
tatra sItA asti
tatra gxham asti
kannaDada kriyArUpagaLu alli rAma iddAne alli sIte iddALe alli mane ide
(8)ralli kannaDada iru kriyApadakke adarondige baruva nAma padada lingavannanusarisi iddAne, iddALe mattu ide emba mUru
rUpagaLive; Adare samskxtada as kriyApadakke ellA sandabhragaLallU asti emba ondE rUpavide. kannaDada kriyArUpagaLalli I lingabhEda ADuga mattu kELugarannu biTTu itara vyaktigaLannu (illavE vastugaLannu) sUcisuvalli mAtra kANisikoLLuttade. ADuga mattu kELugarannu sUcisuva sandabhragaLalli adu samskxtada hAge vacana bhEdavannu mAtra sUcisuttade.
(9ka) aham gacchAmi
‘nAnu hOguttEne’
(9kha) tvam gacchasi
‘nInu hOguttI’
(9ka) vAkyavannADida vyakti ganDasAgirabahudu illavE hengasAgira bahudu. I vyatyAsavannu samskxtada gacchAmi kriyArUpa illavE kannaDada hOguttEne kriyArUpa sUcisalAradu. (9kha) vAkyadallU hIgeyE.
6.2.4 bhAShegaLa naDuvina vyatyAsagaLu
mEle sUcisida hAge, heccina bhAShegaLallU nAmapadagaLa vibhajane nija jIvanada lingabhEdavannu avalambisiruttadeyAda kAraNa, adannu ‘linga vibhajane’yumbudAgi kareyuvudaralli tappilla. Adare, nijakkU idu mukhyavAgi nAmapadagaLannu vibhajisuvudakkAgi baLakeyAguva ondu vyAkaraNa vidhAna mAtra embudannu mareyabAradu. yAkendare, kelavu bhAShegaLalli I vibhajane nija jIvanada lingabhEdakkinta tIra bhinnavA giralU sAdhyavide.
udAharaNegAgi, hindi bhASheyalli pullinga mattu strIlinga emba eraDu vagragaLu mAtra kANisikoLLuttave. samskxtadalli kANisuva hAge adaralli nijrIva vastugaLannu sUcisuva padagaLannU pullinga mattu strIlingagaLAgi vingaDisalAgiddu adakke arthada AdhAra bahaLa kaDime. I rIti eraDu lingagaLannu mAtra baLasuva bEreyU kelavu bhAShegaLu bhAratadallive.
bEre kelavu bhAShegaLu (udAharaNegAgi, pAjri emba drAviDa bhAShe) ganDu mattu itara emba lingavibhajaneyannu baLasuttade mattu
AsTrEliyAda diyAri bhAShe heNNu mattu itara emba linga vibhajane yannu baLasuttade. ganDu, heNNu mattu itara emba I vyatyAsada badalu bEre vyatyAsagaLannu nAmapadagaLa vibhajanege AdhAravAgi baLasuva bhAShegaLU halavive. udAharaNegAgi, AsTrEliyAda dyibrAl bhASheyalli (1) hengasaru, (2) ganDasaru mattu itara prANigaLu, (3) mAmsavajrita AhAra mattu (4) itara embudAgi nAlku vidhada lingagaLive.
bEre kelavu bhAShegaLalli cikka vastu, prANi modalAdavugaLigAgi bEreyE ondu lingaviruttade. AphrikAda kelavu bhAShegaLalli nAmapada gaLannu manuShyaru, cikkavu, doDDavu, uddadavu, kriye, bhAvane moda lAda 20-25 lingagaLalli vibhajisuva kramavide. illi nAvu gamanisabEkAgiruva viShayavEnendare, nAmapadagaLannu vibhajisuva krama bhASheyinda bhAShege bhinnavAgiralu sAdhya. kannaDada lingavibhajaneyannu kannaDaddE Ada dxShTikOnada mUlaka pariSIlisidalli mAtra adara nijavAda svarUpa namage gottAguttade.
6.2.5 eNikeya padagaLalli lingabhEda
kannaDada eNikeya padagaLu kelavu viShayagaLalli nAmapadagaLa hAge mattu bEre kelavu viShayagaLalli guNapadagaLa hAge baLakeyAguttave yumbudannu nAvu munde (10.3)ralli nODaliruvevu.
nAmapadagaLa jAgadalli baLakeyAguva sandabhradalli avu linga mattu vacana bhEdagaLannu sUcisaballuvu. I viShayadallU avu nAmapadagaLannu hOluttave. obbanu, obbaLu mattu ondu emba padagaLu Ekavacanada mUru rUpagaLAgive. kannaDadalli obbaru emba bahuvacana rUpavideyAdarU adakke sAmAnyavAgi gavravArthadalli Ekavacanada arthavE ide. eraDarinda aydara varegina padagaLige bahuvacanada eraDeraDu (manuShya-manuShyEtara) lingarUpagaLive (ibbaru-eraDu, mUvaru- mUru, nAlvaru-nAlku, ayvaru-aydu). uLida padagaLigU haLegannaDa dalli lingarUpagaLidduvu. Adare hosagannaDadalli avugaLa baLakeyilla.
6.3 vacanabhEdagaLu
nAmapadagaLu gurutisuva vyakti, vastu modalAdavugaLa sankhyeyannu sUcisuvudakkAgi vacana emba vyAkaraNa tatva baLakeyallide. kannaDadalli nAmapadagaLannu avakke vacana pratyayavannu sErisade hAgeyE baLasidalli avu gurutisuva sankhye ondu (illavE anirdiShTa) emba artha baru ttade. avugaLondige bahuvacana pratyayavannu baLasidalli avugaLa sankhye ondakkinta jAsti emba artha baruttade.
vacanagaLa maTTige samskxta kannaDakkinta kelavu viShayagaLalli bhinnavAgide. I vyatyAsagaLannu sariyAgi tiLidukoLLade kannaDada vayyAkaraNigaLu samskxtada vyAkaraNa niyamagaLannu hAgeyE kannaDakke aLavaDisahOgi gondalakkeDemADiddAre.
6.3.1 vacanagaLa sankhye
samskxtadalli Ekavacana, dvivacana mattu bahuvacana embudAgi mUru vacanagaLive. Adare kannaDadalli Ekavacana mattu bahuvacanagaLemba eraDu vacanagaLu mAtra ive. samskxtada vacanarUpagaLannu kannaDada vacana rUpagaLondige hOlisi nODidAga I viShaya spaShTavAguttade.
(10) EkaH pustakaH davva pustakav trayaH pustakAH
ondu pustaka eraDu pustakagaLu mUru pustakagaLu
pustaka padakke samskxtadalli mUru vacana rUpagaLive; Adare kannaDadalli I padakke eraDu vacana rUpagaLu mAtra ive embudannu mElina udAharaNeyinda tiLiyabahudu. pustakagaLa sankhye eraDAgirali illavE adakkinta jAsti irali, kannaDadalli bahuvacanavannu sUcisuva gaLu pratyayavE baLakeyAguttade.
kannaDada vayyAkaraNigaLalli kelavaru samskxtada vyAkaraNavannu kannaDakke aLavaDisuva bharadalli, kannaDadallU kAlgaL, kaygaL modalAda padagaLalli dvivacanavannu kanDukonDiddAre. I padagaLu eraDu vastugaLannu sUcisuvudu nijavAdarU ivugaLondige bahuvacanada gaLu pratyayavE bandiruva kAraNa avugaLalli dvivacanavideyunnuvudakke kannaDadalli yAva AdhAravU illa.
idallade, kannaDadalli eraDE vacanagaLiveyumbudu ondu korate yalla mattu samskxtadalli mUru vacanagaLiveyumbudu ondu heggaLikeyU alla. vyakti, vastu modalAdavugaLa sankhyeyannu sUcisu valli bhAShegaLu ondakkinta ondu bhinnavAgiralu sAdhya embudannaShTE idu sUcisuttade.
yAkendare, mUrakkinta jAsti vacanabhEdavannu tOrisuva bhAShe gaLU kelavive. udAharaNegAgi phiji bhASheyalli Ekavacana, dvivacana mattu bahuvacanagaLu mAtravallade trivacana embudU ide. idallade, kelavu embudannu sUcisuva aydaneyadondu vacanavU I bhAShe yallide. sursurunga emba innondu bhASheyalli trivacana mAtravallade catuvracanavU ide. nAmapadagaLalli yAva vacanabhEdavannU tOrisa diruva khmEr nantaha bhAShegaLU kelavive.
6.3.2 vacana mattu vibhakti
samskxtadalli vacana mattu vibhakti iveraDannU ondE pratyaya sUcisu ttade. Adare kannaDadalli iveraDannu sUcisalu bEre bEre pratyayagaLive. udAharaNegAgi, samskxtada nadIbhiH ‘nadigaLinda’ emba padarUpa dalli bandiruva bhiH pratyaya bahuvacana mattu txtIyA vibhakti iveraDannU oTTAgi sUcisuttade. idE rItiyalli, nadIShu ‘nadigaLalli’ emba padarUpadalli bandiruva Shu pratyaya bahuvacana mattu saptamI vibhakti iveraDannU oTTAgi sUcisuttade. Adare mEle I padagaLa eduru koTTiruva kannaDada nadigaLinda mattu nadigaLalli emba padarUpagaLalli bahuvacanavannu sUcisalu gaL pratyaya bandide mattu vibhaktigaLannu sUcisalu adakkinta tIra bhinnavAda inda (txtIyA) mattu alli (saptamI) pratyayagaLu bandive. samskxtadalli I rIti vibhakti mattu vacanagaLannu ondE pratyaya sUcisuva kAraNa, adaralli vibhaktiyannu sUcisuva avaSyakateyilla diruvallU vacanavannu sUcisuvudakkAgi ‘vibhakti’ pratyayagaLannu baLasa bEkAguttade; kannaDadalli I avaSyakateyilla.
I kAraNakkAgi, samskxtakke ‘prathamA vibhakti’ embudu bEkAguttade; Adare kannaDakke bEkAguvudilla embudannu munde (8.5.1)ralli nODa liruvevu.
6.3.3 Ekavacanada sUcane
samskxtadalli vacana mattu vibhaktigaLannu ondE pratyaya sUcisuva kAraNa, adaralli dvivacana mattu bahuvacanagaLannu mAtravallade Eka vacanavannu sUcisuvudakkAgiyU pratyayagaLiveyundu hELalu sAdhya vAguttade. udAharaNegAgi, pustakaH padarUpadalli baruva as (aH) pratyaya Ekavacana mattu prathamA vibhakti iveraDannU oTTAgi sUcisu ttadeyundu hELalu sAdhyavide. Adare kannaDadalli vacana mattu vibhaktigaLannu bEre bEre pratyayagaLu sUcisuva kAraNa, Ekavacanavannu sUcisuvudakkAgi pratyayavondannu baLasuva avaSyakateyilla. bahuvacanavannu sUcisabEkAdAga mAtra vacana pratyayavannu baLasidare sAku. kannaDadalli lingavannu sUcisuva pratyaya kelavu sandabhragaLalli vacanavannU sUcisaballudu. udAharaNegAgi, avanu savranAmadalli nu embudu pullingavannu mAtravallade EkavacanavannU sUcisuttide; idakke badalu, avaru savranAmadalli ru embudu pum-strI (manuShya) lingadondige bahuvacanavannU sUcisuttide.
intaha sandabhragaLalli mAtra kannaDadalli Ekavacanavannu sUcisuva pratyayavideyundu hELalu sAdhyavide.
6.3.4 vacanavannu sUcisadiruvudu
vastugaLannu sUcisuva padagaLannu avu ondakkinta jAsti vastugaLannu gurutisuttiddarU bahuvacana pratyayavilladEnE baLasuva krama kannaDa dalli rUDhiyallide. avugaLa sankhyeyannu spaShTavAgi tiLisabEkAdalli mAtra bahuvacana pratyayavannu baLasidare sAku.
(11) ellA pustakagaLannU mEjina mElirisiddEne (12) nAlku pustaka sikkitu
pustaka pada (11)nE vAkyadalli gaLu bahuvacana pratyayadondige bandide; Adare (12)nE vAkyadalli adu A pratyayavillade bandide. hIgiddarU adu I eraDu vAkyagaLallU ondakkinta jAsti vastugaLannu sUcisuttade.
samskxtadalli I rIti vacana pratyayavannu baLasade iralu sAdhya vAgadu. eNikeya pada bandiruva kaDegaLallU adaralli vacanavannu sUcisabEkAguttade.
(13ka) EkaH vxkShaH apatat ‘ondu mara bittu’
(13kha) davva vxkavSha apatatAm
‘eraDu maragaLu bidduvu/eraDu mara bittu’
(13ga) trINi vxkShAni apatan
‘mUru maragaLu bidduvu/mUru mara bittu’
(13ka-ga) vAkyagaLalli vxkSha ‘mara’ pada mAtravallade adarondige bandiruva eNikeya padagaLU A padada vacanavannu sUcisuttive.
samskxtadalli I rIti kannaDada hAge avaSyakateyilladalli vacana pratyayavannu tegeduhAkalu sAdhyavAgadiruvudakke adaralli vacana mattu vibhaktigaLeraDannU ondE pratyaya sUcisuttiruvudE mukhya kAraNa. vacanavannu sUcisuva avaSyakateyilladallU vibhaktiyannu sUcisabEkAgu ttade tAne!
6.4 tiruLu
linga mattu vacanagaLemba I eraDu vyAkaraNatatvagaLa baLake bEre bEre bhAShegaLalli bEre bEre teranAgiruttade. kelavu bhAShegaLalli linga mattu vacanagaLa baLakeyAgadE iralU sAdhyavide.
I viShayadalli kannaDa samskxtakkinta halavu rItiyalli bhinnavAgide yAda kAraNa samskxtada vyAkaraNa niyamagaLannu hAgeyE kannaDa vyAkaraNadalli aLavaDisikoLLalu illavE avugaLalli alpa svalpa badalA vaNegaLannu mADi upayOgisikoLLalu sAdhyavAgadu.
hAgAgi, I eraDu vyAkaraNa tatvagaLu kannaDadalli yAva rIti yallella baLakeyAguttave embudannu pUrtiyAgi abhyAsa mADi adara AdhArada mEle kannaDakke kannaDaddE Ada vyAkaraNa niyamagaLannu siddhapaDisikoLLuvudu atyavaSya.
nAmapadagaLu gurutisuva vyakti, vastu modalAdavugaLu entahavu embudannu I eraDu vyAkaraNa tatvagaLu sUkShmavAgi sUcisuttave. I viShayavannu nAmapadagaLalli mAtravallade, kriyApadagaLalli, nAma padagaLa viSEShaNagaLalli mattu savranAma(pada)gaLallU sUcisuva kramavide.
I viShayadallU bEre bEre bhAShegaLu bEre bEre teranAgira balluvAda kAraNa, pratiyondu bhASheya vyAkaraNadallU A bhASheyalli kANisuva baLake entahadu embudannu pratyEkavAgi pariSIlisi vivarisu vudu avaSya.