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adhyAya ೯ — kriyArUpagaLu
kri yArUpagaLu
೯.೧ kriyArUpagaLa oLaracane
vAkyada pradhAna angavAgi baruva kriyArUpagaLa oLaracaneyalli haLegannaDa mattu samskxta bhAShegaLa naDuve halavu mukhyavAda vyatyAsagaLive. I eraDu bhAShegaLu baLasuva vyAkaraNada mUlatatvagaLu bEre bEreyAgiruvudE I vyatyAsagaLigU mUla kAraNa embudannu I adhyAyadalli nODaliruvevu.
(೧) samskxtadalli kriyArUpagaLannu racisuvudakkAgi kriyAdhAtuvige ghaTakavannu sUcisuva “tij’ pratyayagaLallondannu mAtra sErisuva avaSyakateyide. udAharaNegAgi, samskxtada yAti “hOguttA ne kriyArUpadalli yA “hOgu’ dhAtuvina anantara adara ghaTakavondannu sUcisuva ti pratyaya mAtra bandide. samayavannu sUcisuvudakkAgi adakkinta bhinnavAda bEre pratyaya baLakeyAgilla.
Adare, haLegannaDadalli kriyApadadondige ghaTakavannu sUcisuva AkhyAta pratyayavannu mAtravallade, samayavannu sUcisuva pratyayavannU sErisabEkAguttade. udAharaNegAgi, haLegannaDada pOpan kriyArUpadalli pO dhAtuvina anantara mundina samayavannu sUcisuva pa pratyaya mattu ghaTakavannu sUcisuva an pratyaya - hIge eraDu pratyayagaLu bandive.
(೨) haLegannaDadalli samayavannu sUcisuva pratyayagaLu ADugana samayakkU ghaTaneya samayakkU naDuviruva sambandhavannu sUcisuvudakkAgi baLakeyAguttave. udAharaNegAgi, pOdan kriyArUpadalli samayavannu sUcisuvudakkAgi d pratyaya bandide, mattu pOpan kriyArUpadalli p pratyaya bandide. A kriyArUpavannu vAkyavondaralli baLasiruva samayakkinta modalE hOguva ghaTane naDedideyembudannu d pratyayavU, anantara naDeyalideyembudannu p pratyayavU sUcisuttave.
Adare, samskxtada kriyArUpagaLalli I rIti ADugana samayakkU ghaTaneya samayakkU naDuviruva sambandhavannu sUcisuvudakkintalU ghaTaneya Antarika samaya vyavastheyannu sUcisuvudakkEnE heccina prAdhAnyateyannu koDalAgide, mattu idakkAgi, mEle sUcisida hAge, pratyEkavAda pratyayavannu baLasuva badalu, kriyAdhAtuvinalli mattu adara anantara ghaTakavannu sUcisuvudakkAgi baruva pratyayadalli kelavu badalAvaNegaLannu mADalAguttade.
udAharaNegAgi, tud “hoDe’ dhAtuvige mukhyavAgi tud mattu tutOd emba eraDu rUpagaLiddu, ivu apUrNa mattu pUrNa emba eraDu samaya vyavasthe gaLannu sUcisuvudakkAgi baLakeyAgutta ve. avugaLalli modalaneyadannu tudati “hoDeyuttAne” kriyArUpadallU, eraDaneyadannu tutOda “hoDeda’ kriyArUpadallU kANabahudu.
ghaTakavannu sUcisuva pratyayakke modalaneyadaralli ti emba rUpavideyAdare eraDaneyadaralli a emba rUpavide.
(೩) ghaTakagaLannu sUcisuva pratyayagaLallU haLegannaDa mattu samskxtagaLa naDuve halavu vyatyAsagaLive:
(ka) haLegannaDadalli I pratyayagaLu puruSha-vacana bhEdagaLannu mAtravallade prathama puruShadalli lingabhEdavannU sUcisuttave (bandan, bandaL, bandudu). Adare, samskxtadalli I pratyayagaLu puruSha mattu vacana bhEdavannu mAtra sUcisuttavallade, lingabhEdavannu sUcisuvudilla. udAharaNegAgi, samskxtada tudati kriyArUpavannu “hoDeyuttAne’, “hoDeyuttALe’, mattu “hoDeyuttade’ embudAgi mUru arthagaLallU baLasalu sAdhyavide.
(kha) haLegannaDadalli Ekavacana-bahuvacana bhEda mAtra ide; Adare, samskxtadalli Ekavacana-dvivacana-bahuvacana bhEdavide. haLegannaDada mAlbar “mADuttAre’ kriyArUpakke badalAgi samskxtadalli kurutaH “(ibbaru) mADuttAre’ mattu kurvanti “(ibbariginta jAsti mandi) mADuttAre” embudAgi eraDu kriyArUpagaLive.
(ga) haLegannaDadalli ghaTakavannu sUcisuva pratyayagaLu ellA rUpagaLallU badalAgade ondE rUpadalliruttave. udAharaNegAgi, pOpan, pOdan mattu pOgan emba I mUru rUpagaLallU ghaTakavannu sUcisuva pra tyaya an emba ondE rUpadallide. (napumsaka Ekavacanada udu pratyayakke bhUtakAladalli vikalpavAgi tu illavE ttu rUpagaLiveyembudu mAtra (mADidudu, mADitu, oDedattu) idakke apavAdavAgide).
Adare, samskxtadalli I pratyayagaLu halavu rItiya rUpabhEdagaLannu tOrisuttave. udAharaNegAgi, prathamapuruSha Ekavacana pratyayakke apUrNa kAladalli ti rUpavideyAdare (karOti “mADuttAne’), bhUta pratyaya sEriruvalli t rUpavide (akarOt “mADida’). AtmanEpadadalli iveraDakkinta bhinnavAda tE mattu ta rUpagaLive (kurutE mattu akuruta). idE rItiyalli, I pratyayakke pUrNakAladallU bEre bEre rUpagaLive (cakAra, akArShit mattu cakrE, akxta).
(೪) samskxtada kriyApadagaLige parasmaypada mattu AtmanEpada embudAgi eraDeraDu rUpagaLive. kriyApadavu tiLisuva ghaTaneyannu obba vyakti bErobbana lAbhakkAgi naDesuttiruvanAdare parasmaypada rUpa vannU, tanna lAbhakkAgi naDesuttiruvanAdare AtmanEpada rUpavannU baLasabEkembudu I vyatyAsada mUla
udESavAgitu. e pf)
kriyArUpagaLu k
I vyatyAsavannu sUcisuvudakkAgi samskxtada kriyApadagaLondige eraDu rItiya AkhyAta pratyayagaLu baLakeyAguttave. udAharaNegAgi, yaj “yAga mADu’ dhAtuvinondige apUrNa kAlada prathama puruSha-Ekavacanavannu sUcisalu parasmaypadadalli ti pratyaya baruvudAdare, AtmanEpadadalli tE pratyaya baruttade (yajati, yajatE).
Adare, I mUla uddESa samskxtada kelavu kriyApadagaLa baLakeyalli mAtra kANisuttade. bEre kelavu kriyApadagaLu yAvAgalU AtmanEpadadalli athavA parasmaypadadalli baruttiddu, avugaLa baLakeyalli I arthavyatyAsa uLidilla. innu kelavu kriyApadagaLu kelavu samaya rUpagaLalli mAtra I vyatyAsavannu uLisikonDive.
hosagannaDadalli I arthavyatyAsavannu sUcisuvudakkAgi kriyApadada modalina samayada rUpakke koLLu embudannu sErisi baLasalAguttade (mADu-mADikoLLu, koDisu-koDisikoLLu). haLegannaDadallU koL kriyApadakke intahadE baLakeyittAdarU (tiLi-tiLidukoL), adu hosagannaDadalli kANisuvaShTu niyamitavAgi A arthavannu sUcisuva hAge kANisuvudilla.
(೫) kartari-karmaNi bhEda: samska tadalli ondu ghaTaneyannu varadi mADuvAga adara kartxvina badalu karmakke prAdhAnyateyannu koDabEkidda lli bEreyE ondu kriyArUpavannu baLasabEkAguttade. kartavige prAdhAnyateyannu koDuva mEle vivarisida kriyArUpagaLannu “kartari’ rUpagaLendu kareyalAguttade, mattu karmakke prAdhAnyateyannu koDuva ivakkinta bhinnavAda kriyArUpagaLannu “karmaNi’ rUpagaLendu kareyalAguttade.
karmaNi rUpagaLannu racisalu kriyApadakke ya pratyayavannu sErisabEkAguttade, mattu adarondige AkhyAta pratyayada AtmanEpada rUpavannu baLasabEkAguttade. idallade, kriyApadadallU kelavu badalAvaNegaLannu mADikoLLabEkAguttade. udAharaNegAgi, kx “mADu’ dhAtuvige kartariyalli karOti “mADuttAne” rUpavideyAdare, karmaNiyalli kriyatE rUpavide.
haLegannaDada kriyApadagaLige intaha viSiShTavAda karmaNi rUpagaLilla. avu koDuva arthavannu sUcisabEkiddalli, kriyApadagaLa samyuktarUpagaLannu baLasabEkAguttade (avanim mADe paTTudu, padakam akkasAleyim mADal paTTudu, tAn iral paTTam, ityAdi). (jAsti vivaragaLige kiTTel ೧೯೦೩:೩೨೩-೩೦ nODi).
೯.೧.೧ haLegannaDa vayyAkaraNigaLa samasyegaLu
haLegannaDada prAcIna vayyAkaraNigaLu A bhASheya kriyArUpagaLannu modalige samskxtadalli baLakeyAguva vidhAnagaLa mUlakavE varNisi, anantara avugaLa hindiruva niyamagaLige oLagAgada rUpagaLannu bEre niyamagaLa mUlaka varNisalu prayatnisiddAre. intaha tEpekelasadindAgi ivaru racisida vyAkaraNa niyamagaLella anavaSyakavAgi
kESirAjanu (sU. ೨೩೨) haLegannaDa kriyArUpagaLalli ghaTakavannu sUcisuvudakkAgi baLakeyAguva pratyayagaLannu mAtra pra tyaya’gaLendu (AkhyAta (vibhakti) pratyayagaLendu) karediddAne. samayavannu sUcisuva pratyayagaLannu pratyayagaLendu kareyade, AkhyAta pratyayagaLa modalu baruvavugaLendiShTE hELiddAne. idu mEle sUcisidantaha tEpekelasakke ondu udAharaNe.
samayavannu sUcisuva kriyArUpagaLalli AkhyAta pratyaya, samskxtadalliruva hAge, nEravAgi kriyApadada anantara baruvudillavAda kAraNa, nAgavarmanu AkhyAta pratyayagaLa baLakege udAharaNegaLannu koDuvAga samayavannu sUcisuva kriyArUpagaLa badalu allagaLeyuva kriyArUpagaLannu koTTiddAne (doDDasvAmi ೧೯೮೦:೩೯೬ nODi).
samskxtadalli ghaTakavannu sUcisuva tij pratyayagaLu ghaTakagaLa puruSha mattu vacanabhEdagaLannu mAtra sUcisuttave; Adare, haLegannaDada ghaTaka pratyayagaLu puruSha mattu vacanagaLannu mAtravallade prathama puruShadalli lingabhEdavannU sUcisuttave (೯.೩ nODi).
kESirAjanE modalAdavaru haLegannaDada kriyArUpagaLalli puruSha mattu vacanagaLannu sUcisuvudakkAgi baruva am, ar, ay, ir, en, evu pratyayagaLannu mAtravE akhyAta pratyayagaLendu karediddAre. samskxtada kriyArUpagaLalli intaha AkhyAta pratyayagaLa mUlaka puruSha mattu vacanagaLannu mAtravE sUcisalAguttadeyembudE idakke kAraNa.
haLegannaDada kriyArUpagaLalli lingabhEdavannu sUcisuvudakkAgi prathamapuruShadalli baruva stra €linga-Ekavacanada aL, napumsakalinga Ekavacanada udu mattu napumsakalinga- bahuvacanada uvu ivannella AkhyAta pratyayagaLendu kareyade prathamapuruSha (pullinga) Ekavacana mattu bahuvacana pratyayagaLa mEle bandiruva “AdESa’gaLendu kareyalAgide (kESirAja, sU. ೨೩೬-೭ nODi). idu mEle sUcisidantaha tEpekelasakke innondu udAharaNe.
೯.೨ samayavannu sUcisuva vidhAnagaLu
ondu ghaTane illavE sangatiya samayavannu sUcisuvudakkAgi bhAShegaLalli mukhyavAgi mUru rItiya vidhAnagaLu baLakeyallive: (ka) ghaTane illavE sangatiya samayavannu A ghaTaneyannu varadimADuva samayakke sambandhisidante sUcisuvudu ivugaLalli ondu vidhAna; (kha) ghaTane mugidudE athavA mugiyadudE, kShaNikavE athavA jAsti hottu naDeyuvantahadE, omme naDedudE athavA halavu bAri naDedudE modalAdantaha ghaTaneya Antarika samaya vyavastheyannu sUcisuvudu eraDaneya vidhAna; mattu (ga) ghaTane nijavAdudE athavA nijavalladudE, adu naDediruva illavE
kriyArUpagaLu iShu
naDeyaliruva viShayadalli ADugana tiLuvaLikeyentahadu (Ata svata: nODiruvudE, athavA innobbarinda kELi tiLidiruvantahadE) modalAdantaha ghaTaneya viShayadalli ADugana manObhAvaventahadu embudannu sUcisuvudu mUraneya vidhAna. ghaTaneya samaya sambandhavannu sUcisuvudu, samayada vyavastheyannu sUcisuvudu, mattu ghaTaneya samayada kuritu ADugana manObhAvavannu sUcisuvudu embudAgi I mUru vidhAnagaLannu sankShiptavAgi varNisalu sAdhyaviddu, ivannu “samaya sambandha’, “samaya vyavasthe ‘ mattu “manObhAva’ embudAgi hesarisabahudu. bhAShegaLa naDuve samaya sUcaneyalli kANisuva ondu mukhya vyatyAsavEnendare, avu I mUru vidhAnagaLalli ondakke hecci na mahatvavannu koDuttave. udAharaNegAgi, kannaDadalli (mattu itara drAviDa bhAShegaLalli) ghaTaneya samaya mattu mAtina samayagaLa naDuviruva sambandhakke heccina mahatvavannu koDalAgiddu, modalaneya vidhAna pradhAnavAdudu. Adare, samskxtadalli I eraDu samayagaLa naDuviruva sambandhakkintalU ghaTaneya Antarika samaya vyavasthe ge (idarallU mukhyavAgi pUrNa mattu apUrNa emba vibhajanege) heccina mahatvavannu koDalAgiddu, eraDaneya vidhAna pradhAnavAdudu. TibeTO-barman kuTumbakke sErida barmiೀs bhASheyalli ADugana manObhAvakke heccina mahatvavannu koDalAgiddu, samaya sUcaneyalli modalina eraDu vidhAnagaLigintalU mUraneya vidhAna pradhAnavAdudu (jAsti vivaragaLige bhaT ೧೯೯೯ nODi). haLegannaDa mattu samskxta bhAShegaLa naDuve ghaTanegaLa’ samaya sUcaneyalli kANisuva I vyatyAsavannu avugaLalli baLakeyAguva kriyArUpagaLalli spaShTavAgi kANabahudu. haLegannaDada kriyApadagaLigella mukhyavAgi eraDeraDu samayarUpagaLive. ivugaLalli ondu mAtina samayada anantara naDeyuva ghaTanegaLannu sUcisuvudakkAgi baLakeyAguttade, mattu innondu adakkinta modalu naDeda ghaTanegaLannu sUcisuvudakkAgi baLakeyAguttade. I eraDu rUpagaLannu “mundina’ samayada (bhaviShyat kAlada) kriyArUpagaLu mattu “hindina’ samayada (bhUtakAlada) kriyArUpagaLu embudAgi hesarisabahudu. udAharaNegAgi, keLage koTTiruva haLegannaDada kriyArUpagaLannu gamanisabahudu:
mundina samaya hindina samaya naguvan nakkan barpan bandan vAti gu ajuven aNuden
appudu Aytu Iven itten embar endar
haLegannaDadalli baruva I eraDu rItiya kriyArUpagaLalli hindina samayada kriyArUpagaLannu sAdhisuvudu svalpa kaShTa. yAkendare, I kriyArUpagaLalli baruva kriyApadadalli, sal>san, nil>nin, tar>tan iDuiT, nagu>nak, kuDu>koT, kiDu*keT, modalAdavugaLalli kANisuva hAge, halavAru badalAvaNegaLu naDeyuttave, mattu adarondige baruva samaya pratyayadallU dಾTಾkಾtಾDಾy modalAda halakelavu badalAvaNegaLu kANisikoLLutta ve. ivannella sariyAgi varNisabEkiddalli kriyApadagaLannu kaDimeyendare enTu gumpugaLallAdarU vingaDisuva avaSyakateyide (rAmacandra rAv ೧೯೭೨:೧೧೨-೧೮ nODi).
samskxtada kriyApadagaLige mukhyavAgi apUrNa mattu pUrNagaLemba eraDu rItiya samaya vyavasthegaLannu sUcisuva kriyArUpagaLive. ivannu samskxta vyAkaraNagaLalli laT mattu liT rUpagaLendu kareyalAgide. I rUpagaLa naDuviruva vyatyAsavannu keLagina udAharaNegaLalli kANabahudu:
laT rUpa liT rUpa
karOti “mADuttAne’ cakAra “mADida’ bhavati ““Aguttade’ babhUva “Ayitu’ bibharti “horuttAne’ babhAra “hotta’ ruNaddi “taDeyuttAne” rurOdha “taDeda’ carati “calisuttade’ cacAra “calisitu’
kupyati “kOpisutAne cukOpa “kOpisida’
I eraDu rItiya kriyArUpagaLalli liT rUpagaLannu sAdhisuvudu sulabha. idakkAgi kriyAdhAtuvina dvitva rUpavannu baLasabEku, mattu adara svara mattu vyanjanagaLalli kelavu jAsti kliShTavallada badalAvaNegaLannU mADikoLLabEku. udAharaNegAgi, bhU “Agu’ dhAtuvininda adara liT rUpavAda babhUva embudannu sAdhisuvalli A dhAtuvannu eraDu bAri baLasalAgiddu, modalaneya baLakeyalli bhU embudannu ba embudAgi badalisalAgide.
Adare, kriyApadagaLa laT rUpavannu sAdhisabEkiddalli, avugaLalli halavAru bahaLa kliShTavAda badalAvaNegaLannu mADikoLLabEkAguttade. I badalAvaNegaLannella sariyAgi varNisalu samskxtada vayyAkaraNigaLu dhAtugaLannu oTTu hattu gumpu(gaNa)gaLalli vingaDisabEkAgide. ivugaLalli kelavu dhAtugaLu dvitva rUpadalli baruttave (bhx “horu’ bibharti “horuttAne’), kelavu svaradalli badalAvaNeyannu
tOrisuttave (kx “mADu’ karOti “mADuttAne’), kelavakke yakAravannu sErisabEkAguttade (kup “kOpisu’ kupyati “kOpisuttAne’), kelavakke dhAtuvinoLage anunAsikavondannu turukisabEkAguttade (muc “biDu’ muncati “biDuttAne’), ityAdi.
sAmAnyavAgi samskxtada I kriyArUpagaLannu kannaDakke anuvAdisuvAga (mEle koTTiruva hAge) laT rUpagaLannu mundina athavA Igina samayada (bhaviShyat athavA vartamAna) ghaTaneyannu sUcisuvanteyU liT rUpagaLannu hindina samayada (bhUta) ghaTaneyannu sUcisuvanteyU tOrisuvudu rUDhi. Adare, nijakkU iveraDu rUpagaLa naDuviruva vyatyAsa ghaTaneya “samaya sambandha’vannu sUcisuvantahadAgirade adara Antarika “samaya vyavasthe ‘yannu sUcisuvantahadAgide. liT rUpa pUrNa ghaTaneyannU, laT rUpa apUrNa ghaTaneyannU sUcisuttave.
samskxtadalli samaya sambandhavannu sUcisalu kriyArUpagaLige a emba pUrvapratyayavannu sErisalAguttade. idannu mEle vivarisida eraDu rItiya (apUrNa mattu pUrNa) rUpagaLigU sErisalu sAdhyavide.
udAharaNegAgi, karOti “mADuttAne’ emba laT rUpada kriyApadakke I pratyayavannu sErisi akarOt “mADida’ emba laj rUpavannu sAdhisabahudu. idE rItiyalli liT rUpakke a pratyayavannu sErisi racisida acacakbTam embantaha kriyArUpagaLu vEdakAlada samskxtadalli baLakeyallidduvu; Adare, anantarada samskxtadalli avu baLakeyinda biddu hOgive.
samayabhEdavannu sUcisuvudakkAgi samskxtadalli innU halavu kriyArUpagaLu baLakeyalliddu, ivugaLallella mEle sUcisida apUrNa mattu pUrNavemba samaya vyavastheya vyatyAsavE pradhAna vyatyAsavAgi kANisikoLLuttade (barO ೧೯೫೫:೨೯೪ nODi). vEda kAlada samskxtadalli idu spaShTavAgittu; Adare, anantarada samskxtadalli aspaShTavAgide.
vEdakAlada anantara kramENa samskxta bhAShege mAtina baLake tappihOgi, adu bariya grAnthika bhASheyAgi uLidukonDiruvudE I rIti halavu vyAkaraNada sUksma vyatyAsagaLu adara baLakeyinda biddu hOgalu kAraNavirabEku.
mAtina baLakeyallE uLidukonDiruva hindi, marAThi modalAda Adhunika inDO-Aryan bhAShegaLalli ivattigU samaya sambandhakkinta samaya vyavasthege hecci na mahatvaviruvudannu spaShTavAgi kANabahudu. udAharaNegAgi, hindi bhASheyalli A “baru’ kriyApadakke AtA mattu AyA emba eraDu rUpagaLiddu ivu apUrNa mattu pUrNa ghaTanegaLannu sUcisuvudakkAgi baLakeyAguttave.
samaya sambandhavannu sUcisuvudakkAgi hindi bhASheyalli I eraDu kriyArUpagaLondige hay “Igina athavA mundina samaya’ mattu thA “hindina samaya’ embudAgi eraDu upakriyApadagaLannu baLasalu sAdhyavideyAdarU, mElina pUrNa-apUrNa rUpagaLannu antaha upakriyApadagaLa sahAyavilladeyU baLasalu sAdhyavide (೧ga-೨ga nODi).
(೧ka) may AtA hUm (Igina athavA mundina kAlada apUrNa ghaTane) (೧kha) may AtA thA (hindina kAlada apUrNa ghaTane) (೧ga) may AtA (apUrNa ghaTane)
(೨5) may AyA hUm (Igina athavA mundina kAlada pUrNa ghaTane) (೨kha) may AyA thA (hindina kAlada pUrNa ghaTane) (೨ga) may AyA (pUrNa ghaTane)
samaya vyavasthe yannu sUcisuvudakkAgi haLegannaDadalli kelavu viSiShTavAda kriyApadagaLa baLakeyAguttadallade, samskxtada hAge pratyayagaLa baLakeyilla. udAharaNegAgi, aTaHdattu, uridattu embantaha prayOgagaLalli aTaH mattu uri kriyApadagaLondige avu sUcisuva ghaTane pUrNagonDideyemba arthavannu koDuvudakkAgi Agu kriyApadada “hindina’ samayada rUpa baLakeyAgide (rAmacandra rAv ೧೯೭೨:೧೨೬ nODi).
Agu kriyApadada mundina samayada rUpavannu ivE kriyApadagaLondige baLasi avu sUcisuva ghaTane pUrNagonDillavemba arthavannu sUcisalu sAdhyavide (aludapudu, uridapudu). intaha kriyArUpagaLalli dapa emba “vartamAna pratyaya’ bandideyendu kannaDada vayyAkaraNigaLu hELiruvudu nijakkU sariyalla embudannu keLage (೯.೨.೧)ralli tOrisikoDalAgide.
೯.೨.೧ dapa mattu va pratyayagaLu
haLegannaDadalli da, dapa mattu va embudAgi mUru kAlavAcaka pratyayagaLive, mattu ivu anukramavAgi bhUta, vartamAna, mattu bhaviShyat kAlagaLannu sUcisuttave embudAgi kESirAjanE modalAda haLegannaDada vayyAkaraNigaLellarU hELiddA re. Adare, nijakkU haLegannaDada granthagaLalli I pratyayagaLa baLake hEgideyembudannu pariSIlisidevAdare, dapa mattu va pratyayagaLa viShayadalli I hELike sariyalla emba viShaya spaShTavAguttade.
pampabhAratadalli dapa pratyaya bhaviShyadarthadalli mAtravalla de vartamAnArthadallU baLakeyAguttade embudannu keLagina prayOgagaLalli kANabahudu.
(ka) bhaviShyadarthadalli dapa pratyayada baLake
(೩ka) kaDalam pokkoDe pIrdapem kaDalanA pAtALamam pokkanappoDe SEShAhiya pallaLam mujAdapem (೧೩.೭೬) ‘(daryOdhananu) kaDalannu hokkare kaDalannu hIruttEne, pAtALavannu hokkanAdare AdiSEShana hallugaLannu muriyuttEne’
(೩kha) seragam bagedoDe sAvAdapudu (೧೧.೨೧) “sahAyavannu apEkShisidare sAvAguttade’
(೩ga) moneyambugaLoLe pUNNapan anibarumam kijudu bEgadim harigan adarke enage eDemETkume embavol anibarumam pUNNan atanu naneyambugaLim (೩.೫೨)
“hariganu svalpa hottinalli aShTu janarannU monacAda bANagaLinda hULibiDuttAne, anantara nAnu bANabiDuvudakke sthaLa bEkallavE? ennuva hAge manmathanu aShTu janarannU puShpabANagaLinda hUtanu’
(kha) vartamAnArthadalli dapa pratyayada baLake
(೪ka) e geyyal bagedape (೧೩.೬೪va) “Enu mADabEkendu AlOcisutti ddI?’
(೪kha) birayiya miTtuvem mididoDalladaNam muLisAjadendu palmoredapan illi manmathan (೩.೧೩) “nAnu virahigaLa SatruvAgiddEne; avarannu tuLidarallade nanna kOpavu svalpavU Aruvudilla endu illi manmathanu hallu maseyuttiddAne’
(೪ga) enna kaNNi ೦ kiDiyum kenDangaLum sUsidapuvu ahitaram nODi (೭.೧೩) “SatrugaLannu nODi nanna kaNNininda kiDiyU kenDagaLU celluttive’
mEle (೩ka)dalli pIrdapem mattu mujudapem emba eraDu kriyArUpagaLU Sharattannu sUcisuva pokkoDe mattu pokkanappoDe emba kriyArUpagaLa anantara bandiruva kAraNa, avu munde naDeyabahudAda (endare bhaviShyattina) ghaTanegaLannu sUcisuttaveyallade mAtanADuva samayadalli naDeyuttiruva (vartamAna) ghaTanegaLannu sUcisuvudilla. idE rItiyalli, (೩kha)dallU Adapudu emba kriyArUpa bagedoDe emba Sharattannu sUcisuva kriyArUpada anantara bandideyAda kAraNa, adakkU vartamAnArthavideyendu hELalu sAdhyavilla.
(೩ga)dalli pUNNapam emba kriyArUpa svalpa hottinalli (endare bhaviShyattinalli) EnAgabahudu embudannu sUcisuttadeyallade, Igina sthiti Enu athavA Enu naDeyuttA ide embudannu sUcisuvudilla. I ellA prayOgagaLallU dapa pratyaya bhaviShyadarthadalli baLakeyAgide.
idakke badalu, (೪ka-ga) vAkyagaLalli idE pratyaya vartamAnArthadalli baLakeyAgideyendu hELabEkAguttade. udAharaNegAgi, (೪ka)dalli bagedape kriyArUpa mAtanADuttiruva samayadalli Atanalli entaha AlOcaneyide embudannu praSnisuttade; (೪kha)dalli bandiruva palmoredapan embudu manmathanu Enu mADutti dbA ne embudannu sUcisuttade, mattu (೪ga)dalli sUsidapuvu embudu A samayadalli Atana kaNNugaLu hEgive embudannu varNisuttade.
dapa pratyayada hAgeyE va (pa) pratyayavU pampabhAratadalli bhaviShyat mattu vartamAnArthagaLeraDarallU baLakeyAguttade embudannu keLagina udAharaNegaLalli kANabahudu:
(ka) bhaviShyadarthadalli va pratyayada baLake
(೫ka) karNanan IgaLe kulajanam mADi tOrpen (೨.೮೩va) “karNanannu IgalE kulajanannAgi mADi tOrisuttEne’
(೫kha) Atange kaTTidir nilvoDe nIne nilve (೧೩.೩೧) “Atanige sarisamanAgi nilluvudiddare nInE nilluttI (nInobbanE nillaballe)’
(೫ga) emma magaLge puTTidAtam rAjyakkoDeyanappoDe kuDuvem “namma magaLige huTTidavanu rAjyakkoDeyanAguvudAdare (magaLannu) koDuttEve’
(kha) vartamAnArthadalli va pratyayada baLake (೬ka) siriyum Akeya keladoL nasu masuLLu tOrpaL (೧.೪೦) “lakShmI dEviyU Akeya pakkadalli svalpa kAntihInaLAgi tOruttALe” (೬kha) uddata sidda khEcarare kAvar (೫.೮೧) “(I khAnDava vanavannu) garviShTharAda siddha khEcararE kAyuttiddAre”
(೫ka)dalli tOrpen kriyArUpa duryOdhananu munde naDesaliruva ghaTaneyondannu sUcisuttideyAda kAraNa, adaralli bandiruva va (pa) pratyayakke bhaviShyadarthavide. idE rItiyalli, (೫kha) mattu (೫ga) vAkyagaLalli nilve mattu kuDuvem kriyArUpagaLu Sharattannu sUcisuva nilvoDe mattu appoDe kriyArUpagaLa anantara bandiruva kAraNa, avu A Sharattannu pUrNagoLisida mEle, endare bhaviShyatkAladalli naDeyabahudAda ghaTanegaLannu mAtravE sUcisaballuvu.
idakke badalu, (೬5) vAkka mAtanADuva samayadalli lakShmI dEvi hEge kANisuttiddALe embudannu varNisuttideyAda kAraNa, adaralli bandiruva tOrpaL kriyArUpadalli va (pa) pratyaya vartamAnArthadalli bandideyendu hELabEkAguttade. (೬kha)dalli bandiruva kAvar kriyArUpavU idE rItiyalli vartamAnArthadalli bandide.
mElina udAharaNegaLinda ondu viShayavantU spaShTavAguttade: dapa mattu va pratyayagaLa naDuve “samaya sambandha’da maTTige yAva vyatyAsavU illa. eraDannU vartamAnArthadallU baLasabahudu, bhaviShyadarthadallU baLasabahudu. hAgAdare avugaLa naDuve arthadalli vyatyAsavEnAdarU ideyE? mattu ideyAdare adu
entahadu? idannu tiLiyalu I “pratyaya’gaLa caritreyentahadu embudannu pariSIlisuva avaSyakateyide.
nijakkU pIrdapem, mukhudapem, bagedape, sUsidapuvu modalAda kriyArUpagaLalli kANisuva I dapa embudu da mattu va (pa) pratyayagaLinda bhinnavAgiruva mUraneyadondu pratyayavE alla; adu da mattu va (pa) pratyayagaLa sErike mAtra. hindina samaya mattu mundina samayagaLannu sUcisuva da mattu va (pa) pratyayagaLu IrIti oTTige baralu I kriyArUpagaLalli naDeda kelavu badalAvaNegaLE kAraNavirabEku.
haLegannaDadalli dapa pratyaya kelavu sandarbhagaLalli dappa rUpadallU kANisikoLLuttade. udAharaNegAgi, pampabhAratada keLagina baLakeyannu gamanisabahudu:
(೭) ivar gajegonDenappoDe IgaDe paredappar (೧೧.೧೪೨) “gadeyannu tegedukonDare ivaru IgalE cadarihOguttAre’
(೭)nE vAkyada paredappar kriyArUpadalli dapa embudu dappa rUpadallide. I kriyArUpavannu pariSIlisidAga, adaralli pare kriyApadada sAmAnya rUpavondu bandiruva badalu adarondige bErondu kriyApadada kriyArUpa sEriruva hAge kANisuttade. pare kriyApadada sambandhisuva rUpavAda pareda embudarondige Agu kriyApadada mundina samayada rUpavAda appar embudannu sErisi mElina paredappar rUpavannu tayArisirabahudE?
kiTTel (೧೯೦೩:೧೨೫) avaru intaha abhiprAyavannu namma mundirisiddA Be kriyApadagaLa sambandhisuva rUpa(bhUtavibhaktikxt)dondige Agu kriyApadada bhaviShyadrUpagaLannu sErisi I kriyArUpagaLannu tayArisalAgideyendu avaru abhiprAyapaTTiddA re.
Adare, hIge hELuvudaralli ondu mukhyavAda samasyeyide. haLegannaDadalli kxdantarUpa(kriyApadada sambandhisuva rUpa)vannu nEravAgi bErondu kriyApadadondige baLasalu sAdhyavAgadu. adannu nAmapadadondige mAtravE baLasalu sAdhya. kri yApadadondige baLasabEkidda lli, adakke linga-vacana pratyayagaLannu sErisuvudara mUlaka nAmarUpakke badalAyisikoLLuva avaSyakateyide (೬.೧.೩ nODi).
hAgAgi, modalige I kriyArUpagaLu nAmarUpadalliddu, anantara Igina rUpakke badalAyisive endu hELabEkAguttade. udAharaNegAgi, paredappar embudu modalige paredarappar (paredar appar) endiddu, anantara adarallidda modalaneya ar pratyaya biddu hOgi, paredappar embudAgi badalAyitendu hELuvudE sariyendu tOruttade. linga-vacanagaLannu sUcisuva (ar embantaha) pratyaya eraDu bAri baruva avaSyakateyillavAda kAraNa, modalanE kriyArUpadinda adu
bidduhOgirabEku.
I rIti kriyApadada nAmarUpadondige Agu kriyApadada mundina samayada rUpagaLannu (mattu bEre kelavu kriyArUpagaLannu) baLasi tayArisida racanegaLu hosagannaDadalli ivattigU baLakeyallive. udAharaNegAgi baruvavanAguttEne, baruvavanAgu embantaha baLakegaLannu gamanisabahudu. Adare I baLakegaLalli modalaneya kriyA padadondige linga-vacanagaLannu sUcisuva sarvanAmada (sarvapadada) rUpagaLu hAgeyE uLidukonDive.
hAgAgi, mElnOTakke aridappam embantaha kriyArUpagaLalli kxdantadondige kriyArUpa bandideyendu kANisuvudAdarU, adakke mUladalli kriyApadagaLa nAmarUpa(kxllinga)vittendu hELuvudE sari endu tOruttade.
haLegannaDada dapa mattu va “pratyaya’gaLa naDuve arthadalli entaha vyatyAsavittu emba praSnege uttaravannU mElina cAritrika kalpaneyE koDaballudendu nanage tOruttade. hosagannaDadalli baruttEne mattu baruvavanAguttEne embavugaLa naDuve entaha arthavyatyAsavideyO antahadE vyatyAsa haLegannaDada barpen mattu bandapen embavugaLa naDuveyU iddirabEku. idu samaya sambandhakkintalU samaya vyavasthe ge sambandhisida vyatyAsavendu tOruttade (೯.೨ nODi).
haLegannaDadalli I eraDu rItiya kriyArUpagaLa baLakeyannu innaShTu sUkShmavAgi mattu vistAravAgi pariSIlisidalli avugaLa naDuve nijakkU entaha arthavyatyAsavide embudu heccu spaShTavAgaballudu.
೯.೨.೨ attu pratyayada baLake
haLegannaDadalli baLakeyAguva aTudattu, uridattu, biTTittu, masuLLattu modalAda rUpagaLU, mElina kriyArUpagaLa hAge, eraDu kriyArUpagaLa sErikeyinda vAda rUpagaLirabEkendu rAmacandra rAv (೧೯೭೨:೧೨೬) vAdisiddA re. ivugaLalli yApadada hindina samayada sambandhisuva rUpadondige Agu kriyApadada hindina mayada pUrNarUpagaLu bandiveyembudu avara abhiprAya. (intaha sErikeya rUpagaLu napumsaka Ekavacanadalli mAtra kANisuttave).
Adare, haLegannaDadalli kriyApadada sambandhisuva rUpagaLu nEravAgi innondu kriyApadadondige baralAravAda kAraNa, illiyU mEle vivarisidantaha sambandhisuva padada nAmarUpavondannu kalpisikoLLuva avaSyakateyide. kAlakramENa, idara linga- vacana pratyayagaLu bidduhOgirabahudu.
innondu samasyeyEnendare, Agu kriyApadada hindina samayada rUpa napumsaka Ekavacanadalli Aytu endide. idu attu embudAgi badalAdudu hEge embudannU vivarisuva avaSyakateyide.
kESirAjana SabdamaNidarpaNada prakAra (sUtra ೨೩೭ nODi), I kriyArUpagaLalli napumsaka Ekavacanada pratyaya udu rUpakke badalAgi attu rUpadalli bandide. Adare,
nu
2 (de 2 (OlA ೨೮.
hIge hELuvudarinda, I kriyArUpagaLigU aTAdudu, uridudu, biTTu du, masuLLu du modalAduvakkU naDuve arthadalli EnU vyatyAsavilla endu hELida hAgAguttade. idu nijavE embudannu haLegannaDada granthagaLalli I eraDu rUpagaLa baLakeyentahadu embudannu pariSIlisuvudara mUlaka nirdharisabahudu.
pampabhAratadalli I eraDu kriyArUpagaLa naDuve arthadalli vyatyAsaviruva hAge kANisuttade. udAharaNegAgi attu kriyArUpa bandiruva halavu sandarbhagaLalli, keLage kANisida hAge, ante “hAge’ padada (upameya) prayOgavide.
(೮ka) vxShAnkanambu tanuvam paccante konDattu (೮.೧೬) “Sivana bANa SarIravannu bhAga mADida hAge oLanuggi tu’
(೮kha) urimuTTidaraLeyante ambaram uridattu (೧೦.೩೬) “benki tagalida hattiya hAge AkASa uriyitu’
(Agu dEvadundubhi jayaprArambhamam sAjuvante esedattu (೯.೯೬) “dEvadundubhiravavu jayOdyOgavannu sAruva hAge esedudu’
Adare, bEre kelavu baLakegaLalli attu mattu tu pratyayagaLa naDuve arthada maTTige yAva vyatyAsavU illada hAgeyU anisuttade. udAharaNegAgi, keLagina eraDu baLakegaLannu hOlisi nODabahudu.
(೯ka) nILa nIraruhamam pOlDattu kaTTunduvA (೪.೫೧) “A candrana kale kannaydileya hUvannu hOluttittu’
(೯kha) mUju lOkamane pOltudu svayanvaram (೩.೫೩) “svayanvaravu mUru lOkavannU hOluttittu 4
I viShayadalli heccina samSOdhane naDesuva avaSyakateyide.
೯.೨.೩ ghaTanegaLa naDuvina samaya sambandha
haLegannaDadalli ghaTaneya samayavannu mAtina samayakke sambandhisida hAge sUcisaballa kriyArUpagaLu mAtravalla de, bErondu ghaTaneya samayakke sambandhisida hAge sUcisaballa kriyArUpagaLU baLakeyallive. I kriyArUpagaLu mAtina samayakke sambandhisida hAge ghaTaneya samayavannu sUcisuva kriyArUpagaLiginta svalpa maTTige bhinnavAgiyU ive.
eraDu ghaTanegaLa naDuve samayada maTTige mUru rItiya sambandhagaLiralu sAdhyavide: (ka) avugaLalli ondu ghaTane innondu ghaTaneginta modalu naDedudirabahudu, (kha) anantara naDeyuvudirabahudu, illavE (ga) averaDU ondE samayadalli
naDeyuvantahavirabahudu. eraDu ghaTanegaLa naDuve kANisaballa I mUru samaya sambandhagaLannu “modalina samaya’, “anantarada samaya’ mattu “ondE samaya’ embudAgi hesarisabahudu.
udAharaNegAgi, keLage koTTiruva pampabhAratada baLakegaLannu gamanisabahudu:
(೧೦ka) I puyyalan Araydu barpen (೩.೨೪va) “I pralApavannu vicArisi baruttEne’
(೧೦kha) sukhadim rAjyam geyyutta irim (೪.೮va) “sukhadinda rAjyavALutta iri’
(೧೦ka)dalli vicArisuva ghaTane baruva ghaTaneginta modalu naDeyuvantahadendu sUcisalAgide; Adare, (೧೦kha)dalli rAjyavALuva ghaTane mattu iruva ghaTane iveraDU ondE samayadalli naDeyuvantahavendu sUcisalAgide.
haLegannaDadalli I kriyArUpagaLu, kriyApadagaLa viSEShaNagaLa hAge, guNapadagaLa jAgadalli baLakeyAguttave. Adare, ivu nAmapadagaLa viSEShaNagaLAgi baruva guNarUpagaLinda bhinnavAgive embudannu gamanisabahudu. udAharaNegAgi, mADu kriyApadakke nAmapadagaLa viSEShaNagaLAgi baLasalu mADida, mAlba (mADuva), mattu mADada emba guNarUpa(kxdantarUpa)gaLiveyAdare, kriyApadagaLa viSEShaNagaLAgi baLasalu mADi, mADal, mADutte, mattu mADade emba guNarUpagaLive. I eraDanE rItiya guNarUpagaLannu illi kriyApadagaLa jODisuva rUpagaLendu kareyalAgide.
samskxtadalli mElina eraDu sandarbhagaLallU kriyApadagaLa nAmarUpa(kxdanta)gaLannE baLasalAguttade. gatvA, kxtvA embantaha rUpagaLu mAtra idakke apavAdagaLAgive (jAsti vivaragaLige (೧೦.೨-೩) nODi).
೯.೩ ghaTakavannu sUcisuvudu
ghaTaneyannu sUcisuva vAkyagaLalli kriyApadagaLu ghaTaneyannU nAmapadagaLu (illavE nAmapada kantegaLu) ghaTaneyalli toDagikonDiruva vyakti, vastu modalAda “ghaTaka’gaLannU sUcisuttave. udAharaNegAgi, keLagina haLegannaDa vAkyavannu gamanisabahudu:
(೧೧) arasan lalanege pUmAleyan ittan “arasanu lalanege hUmAleyannu koTTanu’
mElina vAkyadalli I “koDu’ kriyApadada ittan rUpa A vAkka tiLisabEkAgiruva ghaTane yAvudu embudannu sUcisuttade, mattu adarondige bandiruva arasan,
lalane mattu pUmAle emba nAmapadagaLu A ghaTaneyalli toDagikonDiruva ghaTakagaLu yAvuvu embudannu sUcisuttave.
vAkyadalli baruva nAmapadagaLu mAtravallade, kriyArUpada koneyalli baruva “AkhyAta’ pratyayavU ghaTaneyalli toDagikonDiruva ghaTakavondannu sUcisaballudu embudannu mEle koTTiruva (೧೧)nE vAkyadalli kANabahudu. ittan kriyArUpada koneyalli bandiruva an pratyaya I ghaTaneyannu naDesidavanu arasa embudannu bahaLa sUkShmavAgi (endare hAge naDesidavanu obba manuShya mattu ganDasu embudAgi) sUcisuttade.
I rIti kriyArUpadalli baruva AkhyAta pratyayada mUlaka ghaTakavondannu haLegannaDada hAge samskxtavU sUcisaballudAdarU, I eraDu bhAShegaLa naDuve I viShayadalli ondu mukhyavAda vyatyAsavide. haLegannaDadalli I pratyayada mUlaka ghaTakada puruSha, vacana, mattu lingagaLannu sUcisalu sAdhyavideyAdare, samskxtadalli puruSha mattu vacanagaLannu mAtra sUcisalu sAdhyavide. samskxtadalli I pratyaya linga bhEdavannu sUcisalAradu.
udAharaNegAgi, keLage koTTiruva haLegannaDa mattu samskxta vAkyagaLannu gamanisabahudu.
(೧೨5) dEvadattaH kaTam karOti “dEvadatta cApeyannu mADuttA ne’
(೧೨kha) dEvadattasya bhAryA kaTam karOti “dEvadattana henDati cApeyannu mADuttALe’
(೧೩ka) kIcakam tammakkanam kANal pOdan “kIcakanu tanna akkanannu kANalu hOdanu’ (೧೩kha) dravpadi takkudane nuDidaL “dravpadi yOgyavAdudannE hELidaLu’
cApeyannu mADuva vyakti (೧೨ka)dalli obba ganDasu mattu (೧೨kha)dalli obba hengasu; Adare, I eraDu vAkyagaLallU samskxtadalli karOti emba ondE kriyArUpa baLakeyAgide.
(೧೩ka-kha) vAkyagaLallU idE rItiyalli obba ganDasu mattu obba hengasu naDesiruva kelasagaLannu sUcisalAgide; Adare, haLegannaDada I vAkyagaLalli obba ganDasu naDesida hOguva ghaTaneyannu (೧೩ka)dalla an pratyayaviruva pOdan kriyArUpavU, obba hengasu naDesida hELuva ghaTaneyannu (೧೩kha)dalli adakkinta bhinnavAda aL pratyayaviruva nuDidaL kriyArUpavU sUcisuttave.
haLegannaDadallU intaha pratyayagaLu ADuganannu illavE kELuganannu sUcisuttiveyAdare avugaLa mUlaka lingabhEda sUcitavAguvudilla. udAharaNegAgi pampabhAratada keLagina vAkyagaLannu gamanisabahudu.
(೧೪ka) Anum tapOniyOgadoLirpem (೧೨.೧೩೦) “nAnU tapassina niyamadalli iruttEne’ (೧೪kha) ninna bisuTentirpem (೨.೨೫) “ninna biTTu (nAnu) hEgiraballe?’
(೧೪ka) vAkyavannu dharmarAya hELiddu , A ghaTakavannu (ADuga mattu ganDasu) sUcisalu iru kriyApadadondige em AkhyAta pratyaya bandide; (೧೪kha) vAkyavannu kunti hELiddu, A ghaTakavannu (ADuga mattu hengasu) sUcisuvudakkAgiyU em AkhyAta pratyayavE bandide.
idallade, ADuga mattu kELugarannu biTTu itararannu sUcisuvalliyU bahuvacanadalli manuShya-manuShyEtara lingabhEdavideyallade pum-stri lingabhEdavilla.
(೧೫ka) A tapOvxddha r kAnteyan santaysidar (೨.೨೬va) “A tapOvanadallidda vxddha tApasaru kAnte(kunti)yannu santaysidaru’
(೧೫kha) antu divya samyOgadoLirvarum garbhamam tALjar (೧.೮೫va) “hAge divyavAda yaShiSrEShThana samyOgadinda ibbarU garbhavannu dharisidaru’
(೧೫ga) bIsuva cAmarALi sundariyara kaygaLim barduki biTluvu “bIsuttidda cAmara samUhagaLu sundariyara kaygaLinda jAri bidduvu’
(೧೫ka)dalli ghaTaneyannu naDesidavaru tApasa(ganDasa)rAgiddu, A ghaTakavannu sUcisuvudakkAgi ar AkhyAta pratyaya bandide (santaysidar); (೧೫kha)dalli ghaTaneyannu naDesidavaru ibbaru hengasaru (ambike mattu ambAlike); hIgiddarU, A ghaTakavannu sUcisuvudakkAgi ar pratyayavE bandide (tALjar). (೧೫ga)dalli mAtra ghaTane naDedudu cAmara samUhagaLinda; ivu manuShyEtaragaLAda kAraNa, A ghaTakavannu sUcisuvudakkAgi ar pratyayakkinta bhinnavAda uvu pratyaya bandide (biTTuvu).
haLegannaDa mattu samskxta bhAShegaLa naDuve ghaTakagaLannu sUcisuva pratyayagaLa maTTige kANisuva innondu vyatyAsavEnendare, samskxtadalli I pratyayagaLu bEreyU kelavu arthabhEdagaLannu sUcisuttave. udAharaNegAgi, keLage koTTiruva samskxtada apUrNa mattu pUrNa kriyArUpagaLannu avakke samanAgiruva haLegannaDada abhUta mattu bhUta kriyArUpagaLondige hOlisi nODabahudu:
samskxta haLegannaDa apUrNa-pUrNa abhUta-bhUta karOmi-cakAra mADuven-mADiden kurmaH-cakxma mADuvem-mADidem karOShi-cakartha mADuvay-mADiday kurutha-cakra mADuvir-mADidir karOti-cakAra mADuvan-mADidan kurvanti-cakruH mADuvar-mADidar
mEle samskxtada apUrNarUpagaLa koneyalli kANisuva AkhyAta pratyayagaLu (mi, maH, Shi, tha, ti mattu anti embavugaLu) pUrNa rUpagaLa koneyalli kANisuva AkhyAta pratyayagaLiginta (a, ma, tha, a, a mattu uH embavugaLinda) tIra bhinnavAgive. Adare, haLegannaDadalli abhUta mattu bhUta rUpagaLeraDarallU ondE rItiya AkhyAta pratyayagaLu (en, em, ay, ir, an mattu ar embavu)
baLakeyAgive.
೯.೪ gum (kum) pratyayada baLake
haLegannaDadalli gum (kum) pratyaya nijakkU yAva arthadalli baLakeyAguttittu emba viShayadallU heccina samSOdhane naDesuva avaSyakateyideyendu nanage tOruttade. nAgamarmana bhAShAbhUShaNadalli I pratyaya bhaviShyatkAladalli baLakeyAguvudendu hELalAgide (sU. ೨೦೯), mattu kAvyAvalOkanadalli (sU. ೯೦) idu bhaviShyatkAladalli mAtravallade vartamAna kAladallU baLakeyAguvudendu hELalAgide.
Adare, kESirAjana SabdamaNidarpaNadalli (sU. ೨೩೮), mattu bhaTTAkaLankana SabdAnuSAsanadalli (sU. ೪೬೩) I pratyaya bhUtArthadallU baLakeyAguttadeyendu hELalAgide. anantarada vidA ಿmsaru I mUraneya abhiprAyavannE etti hiDididdA re (kiTTel ೧೯೦೩:೧೪೬, kannaDa kaypiDi ೧೯೩೬:೪೫).
bhaTTAkaLankanu koTTiruva prayOgagaLinda ivakkU sAmAnya kriyArUpagaLigU arthadalli vyatyAsavillavemba abhiprAya Atanigidda hAge kANisuttade. udAharaNegAgi, puTTugum embudakke puTTidam, puTTuvam mattu puTTidapam embavugaLa arthavE ideyendu Atana prayOgagaLu sUcisuttave. anantarada vidvAmsarU ivakkU mattu sAmAnya kriyArUpagaLigU naDuve arthada maTTige vyatyAsavEnAdarU ideyE emba viShayadalli EnU hELiruva hAge kANisuvudilla.
pampabhAratadalli I gum (kum) pratyayada mUlaka sAdhitavAgiruva kriyArUpagaLu heccineDegaLallU bhaviShyadarthadallE baLakeyAgive. idallade, I prayOgagaLalli gum (kum) pratyayakke bhaviShyadartha mAtravallade sambhAvyateya arthavU iruva hAge
kANisuttade. aparUpakke ivannu bhUtArthadallU baLasalAgideyAdarU, antaha sandarbhagaLalli avu rUDhiyalliruva ghaTanegaLannu sUcisuttiruva hAge kANisuttade.
I kAraNakkAgi, haLegannaDadalli I kum (gum) pratyayada mUlaka sAdhitavAguva kriyArUpagaLu da mattu va (pa) pratyayagaLiruva kriyArUpagaLiginta arthadalli bhinnavAduvendu hELalu sAdhyaviruva hAge kANisuttade. udAharaNegAgi, pampabhAratada keLagina baLakegaLannu gamanisabahudu:
(೧೬ka) bEDidoDe balada bariyuman IDADugum (೧.೧೦೦ “yAcisidare (karNanu) balapArSvada pakkeyannu kattarisi esedAnu’ (೧೬kha)ennumanintu tuttugum (೩.೨೯ va) “nannannU I rIti nungibiDabahudu’ (೧೬ga) bagevAgaL I kalahadoL nimma kulavAkulavam nimagunTumADugum
(೧೦.೨೧) “vicAra mADuvudAdare, I yuddhadalli nimma kulavu nimage vyatheyannunTumADItu’
mElina vAkyagaLallella I kriyArUpagaLu mundina samayadalli naDeyabahudAda (endare sambhAvya) ghaTaneyondannu sUcisuttive.
bhUtakAlada baLakegaLallU idE rItiyalli bhUtakAlada sAmAnya kriyArUpagaLiginta bhinnavAgiruva “rUDhi’yalli jaraguva ghaTaneyondannu sUcisuvantaha arthavannu I kriyArUpagaLu koDuttaveyendu hELalu sAdhyavide. udAharaNegAgi, pampabhAratada keLagina kandapadyavannu gamanisabahudu:
(೧೭) nuDiyisi kELgum harigana paDemAtane mAtu tappoDam mattamadam nuDiyisugum modalindA nuDi paNapaDe muLidu nODugum keLadiyaram (೪.೫೬)
illi subhadre virahatApadinda Enu mADutti ddaLu embudannu vivarisalAgide. I sandarbhadalli bhUtakAlada sAmAnya kriyA rUpagaLannu (kELlaL, nuDiyisidaL, nODidaL emba rUpagaLannu) baLasidalli tiLisabEkAgiruva Enu mADuttA iddaLu emba “rUDhiya’ artha spaShTavAgi mUDalAradu.
I kandapadyada anuvAdadalli anantarangAcAr avaru kELuttALe, nuDiyisuttALe mattu nODuttALe embudAgi vartamAnArthada kriyArUpagaLannu baLasiddAre; Adare, idakkintalU kELuttiddaLu, nuDiyisuttiddaLu, mattu nODuttiddaLu embantaha rUpagaLE heccu spaShTavAgi illi tiLisabEkAgiruva rUDhiya arthavannu tiLisaballavu endu tOruttade.
hosagannaDadalli kANisadiruva halavu haLegannaDada padarUpagaLannu hAgeyE uLisikonDiruva karAvaLiya kannaDa prabhEdagaLalli I gum (kum) pratyayavU gu (ku) emba rUpadalli uLidukonDiddu, avugaLalli adakke mundina samayadalli mEle sUcisidantaha sambhAvyateya arthavU, hindina samayadalli rUDhiya arthavU ive. udAharaNegAgi keLage koTTiruva havyaka kannaDa vAkyagaLannu gamanisabahudu:
(೧೮ka) avu nALange rajA bEga bakku “avaru nALe svalpa bEga bandAru’ (೧೮kha) heccu eLadare adu murigu “jAsti eLedare adu muridItu’ (೧೮ga) nAvu pUnallippaga dinAgaLude kApige hOTelinge hOku “nAvu puNeyalliddAga dinAlU kAphige hOTelige hOguttiddevu’
(೧೮ka-kha) vAkyagaLalli ku (gu) pratyaya mundina samayavannu sUcisuvudakkAgi bandiddu, adakke sambhAvyateya arthavU ide, mattu (೧೮ga) vAkyadalli adu hindina samayavannu sUcisuvudakkAgi bandiddu, adakke rUDhiyalli jaraguttidda ghaTaneyondannu sUcisuva arthavide.
೯.೫ allagaLeyuva vidhAnagaLu
haLegannaDa mattu samskxta bhAShegaLa naDuve allagaLeyuvudakkAgi baLakeyAguva vidhAnagaLa naDuve halavu mUlabhUtavAda vyatyAsagaLive. avugaLalli mukhyavAda kelavannu keLage koDalAgide:
(೧) samskxtadalli vAkyagaLannu mAtravallade padagaLannU alla gaLeyalu sAdhyavide; idakkAgi, padagaLige a (svara paravAgiddare an) upasargavannu sErisalAguttade.
I rIti allagaLediruva halavu padagaLu samskxtadinda haLegannaDakkU eravalAgi bandiruva kAraNa, avugaLa baLakeyannu haLegannaDadallU kANabahudu. Adare kannaDadavE Ada padagaLige I rIti pratyayagaLannu sErisi avannu alla gaLeyalu sAdhyavAgadu.
Sra $ jAna ajAna hi i nyAya anyAya AcAra anAcAra Eka anEka
samskxtada padagaLalli I a pratyaya (upasarga) mAtravallade, ni (svara paravAgiddare nir) emba innondu pratyayavU alla gaLeyuva arthadalli baLakeyAguttade. daye-nirdaye, bhaya-nirbhaya, ASrita-nirASrita, aparAdhi-niraparAdhi modalAda padagaLalli I pratyayada baLakeyannu kANabahudu.
haLegannaDada nirneram, nibberagu, nipposatu modalAda kelavu padagaLalli aparUpavAgi kannaDa padagaLigU I pratyaya sEriruva hAge kANisuttade (Di. el. narasimhAcAr (೧೯೭೧:೭೭೯-೮೦ nODi).
(೨) samskxtadalli vAkyavondannu allagaLeyabEkiddalli, adakke na emba allagaLeyuva padavannu sErisidare sAku. A vAkyadalli bErAva badalAvaNeyannU mADabEkAgilla.
(೧೯ka) tE pustakAni paThanti
“avaru pustakagaLannu OduttAre’ (೧೯kha) tE pustakAni na paThanti
“avaru pustakagaLannu Oduvudilla’
(೧೯ka) tiLisuva ghaTaneyannu allagaLeyuvudakkAgi (೧೯kha)dalli A vAkyakke na embudannaShTE sErisalAgide, A vAkyadalli bErAva badalAvaNeyU naDedilla embudannu gamanisabahudu.
haLegannaDadalli hindina samayada ghaTaneyannu allagaLeyuvalli mAtra intaha vidhAna baLakeyallide. idakkAgi vAkyada koneyalli illa padavannu baLasalAgutta de. vAkyadalli bErAva badalAvaNeyannU mADabEkAguvudilla:
(೨೦ka) I kanneyan padmajan paDedan “I kanyeyannu brahmanu sxShTisidanu” (೨೦೫) I kanneyan padmajan paDedan illa “I kanyeyannu brahmanu sxShTisalilla’
Adare, mundina samayada vAkyavondannu allagaLeyabEkiddalli, antaha vAkyadalli baruva kriyApadavannu allagaLeyuva rUpakke badalAyisabEkAguttade. kriyArUpagaLalli samayavannu sUcisuvudakkAgi baruva pratyayada jAgadalli a pratyayavannu baLasuvudara mUlaka, intaha allagaLeyuva kriyArUpagaLannu sAdhisabahudu:
(೨೧ka) avan sangaradoL cApamam piDivam “avanu yuddhadalli billannu hiDiyuttAne’
(೨೧kha) avan sangaradoL cApamam piDiyam “avanu yuddhadalli billannu hiDiyuvudilla’
(೨೧5) vAkya tiLisuva ghaTaneyannu allagaLeyuvudakkAgi (೨೧kha) vAkyadalli adara piDivam kriyArUpavannu piDiyam embudAgi badalAyisalAgide embudannu gamanisabahudu. illi piDi kriyApadada anantara bandiruva v emba mundina samayavannu sUcisuva pratyayada badalu a emba allagaLeyuva pratyayavannu baLasalAgide. piDi kriyApada ikAradalli konegoLLuva kAraNa, adara anantara a pratyaya bandAga yakAravondu sErikoLLutta de.
haLegannaDa vyAkaraNagaLalli I kriyArUpakke mUru kAlagaLannU sUcisuva arthavideyendu hELalAgide (kESirAja sU. ೨೩೩). anantarada vidvAmsarU idu sariyendu oppikonDiruva hAge kANisuttade (kiTTel ೧೯೦೩:೧೫೭).
Adare, I kriyArUpagaLa heccina baLakegaLallU adu hosagannaDada nODuvudilla, mADuvudilla embantaha rUpagaLa, illavE nODalikkilla, mADalikkilla embantaha rUpagaLa arthadallE (endare vartamAna illavE bhaviShyadarthadallE) kANisikoLLutta de.
nODalilla, mADalilla embantaha kriyArUpagaLa arthadalli (bhUtArthadalli), mEle (೨೦ka-kha)gaLalli udAharisida hAge, kriyApadada pUrNarUpadondige illa padavannu sErisiruva racaneyannE baLasalAguttade.
haLegannaDada halavu racanegaLannu hAgeyE uLisikonDiruva karAvaLiya kannaDa prabhEdagaLalli I allagaLeyuva kriyArUpavU kANisuttiddu adakke mADalikkilla, hOgalikkilla embantaha kriyArUpagaLigiruva arthavide.
udAharaNegAgi, havyaka kannaDadalli Anu hOge “nAnu hOgalikkilla ’ Anu hOvuttille “nAnu hOguvudilla’ mattu Anu hOyidille “nAnu hOgalilla embudAgi mUru allagaLeyuva kriyArUpagaLiddu, ivugaLalli modalaneyadu haLegannaDada pOgem embudara Adhunika rUpavAgide.
uLideraDu allagaLeyuva kriyArUpagaLannu hOgu kriyApadada hOvutte “hOguttEne’ mattu hOyide “hOgiddEne’ emba pUrNa rUpagaLige ille “illa’ embudannu sErisi racisalAgide.
(೩) haLegannaDadalli ondu ghaTane illavE sangatigU, adara ondu ghaTakakkU naDuviruva sambandhavannu allagaLeyuvudiddalli illa padada badalu alla emba bEreyE ondu padavannu baLasabEkAguttade. Adare, samskxtadalli idakkU na upasargavannE baLasalAguttade.
haLegannaDadalli sambandhavannu allagaLeyuva I alla padadondige ghaTakavannu sUcisuva pratyayagaLU baraballuvu.
(೨೨ka) ennendudam mIjuvar allar “nAnu hELidudannu mIruvavaru alla ka (೨೨kha) nI auುyadeyum vicArisadeyum negaLtanneyalle “nInu tiLiyadeyU vicArisadeyU kAryamADuvanthavanalla’
(೪) kELuganu ondu kelasavannu mADada hAge taDeyuvudakkAgi haLegannaDadalli kriyApadadondige al pratyayada baLakeyAguttade.
(೨೩ka) pO pOgal endodajuttum paritandu tAgi taDardam gangAsutam bhImanam “hOgabEDa, hOgabEDa embudAgi kUgikoLLuttA ODi bandu bhIShmanu bhImanannu taDegaTTidanu’
(೨೩kha) kAgevol intu bille karam anjuvir anjalim “kAgeya hAge billige hedaruttIri; hedarabEDi’
I pratyayavU anantarada ghaTaneyannu sUcisuvudakkAgi baLasuva al pratyayavU ondE emba artha baruva hAge SabdamaNidarpaNadalli (sU. ೨೪೫) ivannu paricayisalAgide. Adare, nijakkU haLegannaDadalli mUru bEre bEre al emba ondE rUpada pratyayagaLive endu hELuva avaSyakateyide. mEle vivarisida pratiShEdhArthada al pratyaya ivugaLallondu.
idallade, anantarada ghaTaneyannu sUcisuva al mattu modalina ghaTaneyannu sUcisuva al embudAgi bEre eraDu pratyayagaLiddu, iveraDU baLakeyalli ondakkinta ondu tIra bhinnavAgive (೧೦.೨.೨ nODi).
kelasa mADuvudannu taDeyuva pratiShEdhArthadalli baruva al pratyaya alla embudara (kriyeya arthaviruva avyayada) mUla rUpavendu venkaTAcala SAstri] gaLu (೧೯೯೪:೧೧೮) abhiprAyapaTTiddAre. Adare, arthadalli iveraDara naDuve bahaLa vyatyAsavide. alla embudu ondu ghaTane illavE sangatigU, adara ondu ghaTakakkU naDuviruva sambandhavannu allagaLeyuttade, Adare, al pratyaya kELuganu ondu kelasavannu mADadante taDeyuttade. al pratyayakke “alla’ padada arthakkintalU “”bEDa’ padada arthavE heccu sariyAdudu.
೯.೬ ghaTane mattu sangati
kriyApadagaLa racaneyalli samayada “sambandha’kke mahatvavannu koDuva bhAShegaLigU samayada “Antarika vyavasthe’ge mahatvavannu koDuva bhAShegaLigU naDuve ondu kutUhalakAriyAda vyatyAsavide:
kriyArUpagaLu si
samaya sambandhakke mahatva vannu koDuva bhAShegaLalli kriyApadagaLu sAmAnyavAgi ghaTanegaLannu sUcisuvudakkAgi mAtravE baLakeyAguttave. sangatiyannu sUcisuvudakkAgi kriyApadagaLilladiruva vAkyagaLannAgali, illavE sangatiya iruvikeyannu sUcisu ondO eraDO kriyApadagaLannAgalI baLasuva krama I bhAShegaLalliruttade.
idakke badalu, samayada Antarika vyavasthege mahatvavannu koDuva bhAShegaLalli halavu kriyApadagaLu ghaTanegaLannu sUcisalu baLakeyAguttave mattu bEre halavu kriyApadagaLu sangatigaLannu sUcisalu baLakeyAguttave. intaha bhAShegaLalli kriyApadagaLannu (೧) ghaTaneyannu sUcisuvavu, mattu (೨) sangatiyannu sUcisuvavu embudAgi eraDu mukhya gumpugaLalli vingaDisalu lng vide (jAsti viShakagaLige bhaT ೧೯೯೯:೧೫೨ nODi).
kriyApadagaLalli samaya sambandhakke mahatvavannu koDuva haLegannaDa bhAShegU, samayada Antarika vyavasthe ge mahatvavannu koDuva samskxta bhAShegU naDuve intahadE vyatyAsaviruva hAge kANisuttade. haLegannaDada kriyApadagaLellavU ghaTanegaLannu sUcisuvudakkAgiyE baLakeyAguttave.
idakke apavAdagaLAgi oL (uL), bal, al embantaha kelavE kelavu kriyApadagaLu mAtra ghaTaneya badalu sangatiyannu (illavE sangatiya iruvikeyannu) sUcisuvudakkAgi baLakeyAguttave. I kriyApadagaLu halavu viShayagaLalli ghaTaneyannu sUcisuva kriyApadagaLiginta bhinnavAgive.
udAharaNegAgi, ivu nEravAgi ghaTakavannu sUcisuva AkhyAta pratyayagaLondige baruttavallade, samayavannu sUcisuva pratyayagaLondige baruvudilla:
(೨೪ka) makkaLoLar enagayvar “nanage ayvaru makkaLiddA re” (೨೪kha) entappa duShTASvangaLuman Ejaalum tirdalum ballen “entaha keTTakuduregaLannAdarU hattalu mattu tiddalu balle’ (೨೪ga) ninna mAtinge meLLaDuvantappA keyallem “(nAnu) ninna mAtige mOsahOguvantahavaLalla 1
(೨೪ka)dalli bandiruva oLar kriyArUpadallAgali, (೨೪kha)dalli bandiruva ballen kriyArUpadallAgali samayavannu sUcisuva pratyayagaLa baLakeyAgilla embudannu gamanisabahudu. sangatiyannu allagaLeyuva al kriyApadada baLakeyU (೨೪ga) hIgeye
kESirAjanu uL dhAtuvige “datvani ShEdha’vannu hELiddAne (sU. ೨೫೬); Adare, nijakkU illi samayavannu sUcisuva da prata tyayavondE alla, itara samayasUcaka
pratyayagaLU (dapa, vagaLU) baLakeyAguvudilla.
[ee]
samskxtadalli sangatigaLannu sUcisaballa kriyApadagaLU halaviddu, avakkU itara ghaTanegaLannu sUcisaballa kriyApadagaLa hAgeyE bEre bEre samaya vyavastheya bhEdagaLannu (mattu samaya sambandhada bhEdagaLannu) sUcisaballa kriyArUpagaLive.
udAharaNegAgi, Sak kriyApadakke ellA rItiya samaya bhEdagaLannu sUcisaballa kriyArUpagaLU ive.
(೨೫ka) mayA kaTaH kartum SakyatE “nanage cApeyannu mADalu baruttade’
(೨೫kha) sA cEyam kathA kcatriyaskyAkarShaNAya aSakat “A kathe kcatriyanannu AkarShisalu SaktavAyitu’
೯.೭ sArAmSa
kriyArUpagaLa racaneyalli haLegannaDa mattu samskxta bhAShegaLa naDuve vyAkaraNada mUla tatvagaLalle €nE halavAru vyatyAsagaLive.
(೧) haLegannaDada kriyArUpagaLalli samaya sambandhakke mahatvavide; Adare, samskxta kriyArUpagaLalli samayada Antarika vyavasthege mahatvavide.
(೨) haLegannaDadalli samayavannu sUcisalu viSiShTavAda pratyayagaLive; Adare, samskxtadalli idannu dhAtuvinalli naDesiruva badalAvaNegaLa mUlaka mAtravE sUcisalAguttade.
(೩) haLegannaDadalli AkhyAta pratyayagaLu prathamapuruShadalli linga bhEdavannU sUcisuttave; Adare, samskxtada AkhyAta pratyayagaLalli lingabhEda sUcitavAguvudilla.
intaha bEreyU halavu vyatyAsagaLu I eraDu bhAShegaLa naDuve iveyembudannu gamanisade, samskxtada rUparacanAniyamagaLannu hAgeyE haLegannaDakke aLavaDisalu prayatnisidudarindAgi, adara vayyAkaraNigaLu halavAru samasyegaLannu edurisabEkAgide embudannu I adhyAyadalli tOrisikoDalAgide.