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adhyAya ೮ — vibhaktigaLu mattu kArakagaLu
vibhaktigaLu mattu kArakagaLu
೮.೧ pIThike
ondu vAkyavu tiLisuva ghaTane illavE sangatiyalli nAmapadagaLu sUcisuva vyakti, vastu modalAdavugaLu yAva rItiyalli toDagikonDive embudannu A
nAmapadagaLondige baruva vibhakti pratyayagaLu sUcisuttave. udAharaNegAgi, keLage koTTiruva haLegannaDa vAkyagaLannu pariSIlisabahudu:
(೧ka) arasan pArvange turugaLan koTTan “rAja brAhmaNanige danagaLannu koTTa’ (೧kha) aragina maneyoL pAnDavar aLgidar “pAnDavaru aragina maneyalli nASavAdaru’ (೧ka) vAkyadalli pArvam padada anantara bandiruva ge vibhakti pratyaya A vAkyavu tiLisuva koDuvike emba ghaTaneyalli brAhmaNanu (pArvam) arasanu koTTudannu paDeyuvavanembudannU, turugaL padada anantara bandiruva an vibhakti pratyaya A ghaTaneyalli danagaLu (turugaL) arasanu koTTa vastugaLendU tiLisuttave. idE rItiyalli, (೧kha) vAkyada aragina mane padakanteya koneyalli bandiruva oL pratyaya pAnDavaru nASavAgiruvarennalAda ghaTaneya jAga aragina mane embudannu sUcisuttade. intaha vibhakti pratyayagaLa baLakeyalli, haLegannaDa mattu samskxta bhAShegaLa naDuve halavu mukhyavAda vyatyAsagaLive. ivugaLalli kelavannu keLage koDalAgide:
೮.೨ vibhakti pratyayavannu baLasadiruvudu
mEle (೭.೩.೧)ralli sUcisida hAge, samskxtadalli vibhakti pratyayagaLu vibhaktibhEdavannu mAtravallade vacanabhEdavannU sUcisuttave. udAharaNegAgi, samskxtada gOShu “danagaLalli’ padarUpadalliruva Shu pratyaya saptamI vibhaktiyannu mAtravallade bahuvacanavannU sUcisuttade.
hAgAgi, vibhaktiyannu sUcisuva avaSyakateyilladantaha sandarbhagaLallU
samskxtadalli vibhakti pratyayavannu baLasabEkAguttade. idakke kAraNavEnendare, intaha
sandarbhagaLallU vacanavannu sUcisabEkAguttade, mattu idakke vibhakti pratyayagaLannu baLasuvudallade bEre dAriyilla (keLage koTTiruva (೩ka-kha) vAkyagaLannu nODi).
idarindAgi, vAkyadalli yAva nAmapadavannu baLasuvudiddarU adakke yAvudAdarU ondu vibhakti pratyayavannu sErisiyE baLasabEkemba niyamavannu A bhASheya (samskxtada) vyAkaraNadalli racisabEkAgide.
Adare, haLegannaDadalli vibhakti pratyayagaLu vacana pratyayakkinta bhinnavAgiddu vibhakti bhEdavannu mAtra sUcisuttave. udAharaNegAgi, haLegannaDada mugilla Lin padarUpadalli vacanavannu gaL pratyaya sUcisuttadeyAdare, vibhaktiyannu adara anantara baruva in pratyaya sUcisuttade. samskxtada hAge iveraDannU ondE pratyaya sUcisuva badalu, bEre bEre pratyayagaLu sUcisuttave.
I rIti, haLegannaDadalli vibhakti mattu vacanagaLannu sUcisuvudakkAgi bEre bEre pratyayagaLiruva kAraNa, vacana pratyayada hAge (೭.೩.೧ nODi) vibhakti pratyayavannU avaSyaviddalli mAtra baLasuva sAdhyate haLegannaDadalli de. nAmapada mattu kriyApadagaLa naDuviruva sambandha entahadu emba viShaya spaShTavAgiruva sandarbhagaLalli vibhakti pratyayavannu baLasadeyE iralU haLegannaDadalli sAdhya; Adare, samskxtadalli idu asAdhya.
udAharaNegAgi, haLegannaDada vAkyavondaralli kriyApadadondige ondu nAmapada mAtra bandideyAdare, adakkU kriyApadakkU naDuve entaha sambandhavideyembudu A kriyApadada svarUpadindalE spaShTavAgaballudu, mattu intaha sandarbhagaLalli A nAmapadadondige vibhakti pratyayavannu baLasadiralu sAdhyavide.
(೨ka) nallaL nasunakkaL (೨kha) makkaL pADidar (೨ga) arasan bandan
(೨ka-ga) vAkyagaLalli ondondE nAmapada bandiddu, avakkU kriyApadakkU naDuviruva sambandhavEnembudannu tiLiyuvalli yAva samasyeyU illa. (೨ka)dalli nakkavaLu nallaLu, (೨kha)dalli hADidavaru makkaLu, mattu (೨ga)dalli bandavanu arasanu embudAgi I sambandhavannu yAva pratyayada sahAyavU illa de tiLidukoLLalu baruttade. hAgAgi, I nAmapadagaLondige yAva vibhakti pratyayavannU baLasadiralu haLegannaDadalli sAdhyavAgide.
Adare, samskxta vAkyagaLalli I rIti vibhakti pratyayagaLannu sErisade nAmapadagaLannu baLasalu sAdhyavAgadu. nAmapada mattu kriyApadagaLa naDuviruva sambandhavannu sUcisuva avaSyakateyillada sandarbhagaLallU vacanabhEdavannu sUcisabEkAguvudAda kAraNa, antaha sandarbhagaLalli samskxtada nAmapadagaLondige “prathamA vibhakti’ pratyayavannu baLasabEkAguttade. I pratyayakke nAmapadagaLa vacanavannu tiLisuva kelasa mAtra ide.
(೩ka) nadyaH sravanti “nadigaLu hariyuttave’
(೩kha) mANavakaH gacchati “huDuga hOguttAne”
(೩ka)dalli nadigU hariyuvikegU naDuve entaha sambandhavide embudannu tiLisuva avaSyakateyilla; hariyuva kriyeyannu nadi naDesuttade embudu illi spaShTavAgide. (samskxtada vayyAkaraNigaLa abhiprAyadante I viShayavannu kriyApadada koneyalli baruva tij pratyayavE tiLisuttade).
hIgiddarU, illi halavu nadigaLu I kriyeyannu naDesuttave embudAgi bahuvacanavannu sUcisuva avaSyakateyideyAda kAraNa, mattu samskxtadalli vacana mattu vibhaktigaLannu ondE pratyaya sUcisuttideyAda kAraNa, nadI padada anantara aH (as) prathamA bahuvacana pratyayavannu baLasabEkAgide.
idE rItiyalli, (೩kha)dalli hOguvavanu huDuga emba viShaya spaShTavAgideyAdarU, Ata obbanE embudannu sUcisabEkAgideyAda kAraNa, mANavaka padada anantara : (s) prathamA Ekavacana pratyayavannu baLasabEkAgide.
kriyApadadondige eraDu nAmapadagaLu bandiruvAgalU A nAmapadagaLalli ondu vyakti illavE prANiyannu sUcisuttiddu, innondu vastu illavE viShayavannu sUcisuttideyAdare, antaha sandarbhadallU haLegannaDadalli nAmapada mattu kriyApadagaLa naDuvina sambandhavEnu embudannu vibhakti pratyayagaLa mUlaka tiLisuva avaSyakate illa. yAkendare, antaha sandarbhagaLalli kriyApadavu sUcisuvantaha ghaTaneyannu naDesuva kelasavannu vyakti illavE prANi mAtra mADalu sAdhyavallade vastu illavE viShaya mADalu sAdhyavilla i
hAgAgi, antaha sandarbhagaLalli ghaTaneyinda bAdhitavAguva vyakti illa vE vastuvannu sUcisuva an pratyayavannu baLasadiralu baruttade. udAharaNegAgi, keLage koTTiruva pampabhAratada baLakegaLannu gamanisabahudu:
(೪ka) Atana baravinge baddhavaNam bAjipante (೨.೧೨va) “Atana baruvikege mangaLa vAdyavannu bArisuva hAge’
(೪kha) manamikkiyum erdeyikkiyum kiDuvar (೨.೨೮va) “utsAhaSUnyarAgiyU adhayryarAgiyU keTTuhOguttAre’
(೪ka)dalli baddhavaNa padadondige adakkU kriyApadakkU naDuviruva sambandhavannu sUcisuvudakkAgi barabEkAgidda an pratyayada baLakeyAgilla. idE rItiyalli, (೪kha)dalli manam mattu erde padagaLondigU an pratyaya bandilla.
Adare, samskxtadalli I rIti nAmapadadondige dvitIyA vibhaktiyannu baLasadiralu sAdhyavAgadu. adu vibhaktiyondige vacanavannU sUcisuttiruvudE idakke kAraNa.
೮.೩ vibhakti pratyayagaLa sankhye
haLegannaDadalli nAmapadagaLondige baLasalu oTTu nAlku vibhakti pratyayagaLu mAtra baLakeyallive.
(೧) ghaTaneyondarinda bAdhitavAguva vyakti, vastu modalAduvannu sUcisuvudakkAgi baLakeyAguva an (am) pratyaya ivugaLalli modalaneyadu.
(೫ka) A tapOvxddhar kAnteyan santaysidar “A tapOvxddharu kAnteyannu santaysidaru’
(೫kha) mum poDevem kULam baTuyam poDevem rakkasanan “modalu annavannu hoDeyuttEne (tinnuttEne), anantara rAkTasana hoDeyuttEne’
ge
(೫ka)dalli santaysuva ghaTaneyinda bAdhitavAguva kAnteyannu mattu (೫kha)dalli hoDeyuva (tinnuva) ghaTaneyinda bAdhitavAguva annavannu (mattu rAkShasanannu) sUcisuvudakkAgi an pratyayada baLakeyAgide.
(೨) ghaTaneya jAgavannu sUcisuva oL pratyaya eraDaneyadu. idara baLakeyannu keLagina vAkyagaLalli kANabahudu.
(೬ka) aragina maneyoL pAnDavar uridu alludar “aragina maneyalli pAnDavaru uridu nASavAdaru’
(೬kha) `aDaviyoL ennuman enna SiSugaLuman irisi… “kADinalli nannannU nanna SiSugaLannU irisi’
(೬ka)dalli pAnDavaru uridu nASavAgiruva jAgavannu sUcisuvudakkAgi mane padadondige oL pratyaya bandide; mattu (೬kha)dalli kunti tannannU tanna makkaLannU irisiruva jAgavannu sUcisuvudakkAgi aDavi padadondige oL pratyaya bandide.
(೩) ondu kriyApada tiLisuva ghaTane yAvudAdarU ondu rItiya calaneyannu oLagonDideyAdare, antaha kriyApadadondige A calaneya suru mattu konegaLannu sUcisuvudakkAgi in mattu ge emba innU eraDu pratyayagaLu baraballuvu; ivu calanege sambandhisidantaha eraDu rItiya viSiShTavAda jAgagaLannu sUcisuttave. ivu haLegannaDada mUru mattu nAlkaneya vibhakti pratyayagaLu.
(೭ka) tApasASramadim poramaTTu “tApasASramadinda horaTu’
(೭kha) dhxtarAShTra karNa Sakuni prabhxtigaL nija nivAsangaLge pOdar “dhxtarAShTra, karNa, Sakuni modalAdavaru tamma manegaLige hOdaru’ J)
(೭ka)dalli horaDuva ghaTane ellinda suruvAgideyembudannu sUcisalu tApasASrama padadondige im pratyaya bandide, mattu (೭kha)dalli hOguva ghaTane elli konegoLLutta de embudannu sUcisuvudakkAgi nivAsangaL embudarondige ge pratyaya bandide.
samskxtadalli baLakeyAguva vibhakti pratyayagaLa sankhye idakkinta jAsti. mEle (೮.೨)ralli sUcisiruva prathamA vibhakti mAtravalla de, nAmapadagaLigU kriyApadagaLigU naDuviruva sambandhagaLannu sUcisaballa dvitIyA, txtIyA, caturthI, pancamI, ShaShThI mattu saptamI embudAgi hesarisalAgiruva innU Aru vibhaktigaLu samskxtadallive.
(೮ka) danDapAlaH cOram karShati “kAvalugAranu kaLLanannu eLeyuttA ne’ (೮kha) vxtram indrO vajrENa ahan “indranu vxtranannu vajrAyudhadinda konda’ (೮ga) brAhmaNEbhyO niShkAn dadav “brAhmaNarige cinnada nANyagaLannu koTTa’ (೮gha) dhAvatO aSvAt patati “ODuttiruva kudureyinda bILuttAne’ (೮ja) mAtuH smarati “tAyannu neneyuttAne’ (೮ca) kasmimScid vanE bhAsurakO nAma simhaH prativasati sma “yAvudO ondu kADinalli bhAsurakanemba simha vAsisuttittu’ (೮ka)dalli eLeyuva kriyeyinda bAdhitanAgiruva vyaktiyannu dvitIyA vibhaktiya mUlakavU, (೮kha)dalli kolluva ghaTaneyalli baLasida Ayudhavannu txtIyA vibhaktiya mUlakavU, (Agudalli koTTa vastuvannu paDeda vyaktiyannu caturthI vibhaktiya mUlakavU, (೮gha) dalli biddudellinda embudannu pancamI vibhaktiya mUlakavU, (೮ja) dalli nenedudu yArannu embudannu ShaShThI vibhaktiya mUlakavU, mattu (A೮ca)dalli vAsisiruva jAgavannu saptamI vibhaktiya mUlakavU sUcisalAgide. samskxtadalli vibhakti pratyayagaLu I rIti nAmapadakkUkriyApadakkU naDuviruva sambandhagaLannu mAtravallade, vacanabhEdavannU sUcisabEkAgideyAda kAraNa, mEle sUcisida pratiyondu vibhaktiyallU Ekavacana, dvivacana mattu bahuvacanagaLannu sUcisaballa mUru mUru pratyayagaLive.
(೯ka) kaTam karOti
“cApeyannu mADuttAne’ (೯kha) kaTav karOti
“(eraDu) cApegaLannu mADuttAne’ (೯ga) kaTAn karOti
“(halavu) cApegaLannu mADuttAne’
(೧ka)dalli kaTa “cApe’ padadondige dvitIyA vibhakti mattu Ekavacana iveraDannU oTTAgi sUcisalu ೦ pratyaya bandide. (೧kha)dalli dvitIyA vibhakti mattu dvivacanagaLannu sUcisalu av pratyaya bandide mattu (೧ga)dalli adE dvitIyA vibhakti mattu bahuvacanagaLannu sUcisalu an pratyaya bandide.
Adare, heccina nAmapadagaLallU I ippattondu vibhakti mattu vacanagaLa jODigaLannu sUcisuva pratyayagaLalli ellavU ondakkinta ondu bhinnavAgiruvudilla. avugaLalli kelavu ondE rUpadalliralu sAdhyavide. udAharaNegAgi, Asya “bAyi’ padakke caturthi-bahuvacana mattu pancami-bahuvacana emba eraDu vibhakti-vacana jODigaLallU AskEbhyaH emba ondE rUpavide; nadI padakke txtIyA-dvivacana, caturthI-dvivacana mattu pancamI-dvivacanagaLemba mUru vibhakti-vacana jODigaLallU nadIbhyAm emba ondE rUpavide.
samskxtada vibhaktigaLannu prathamA, dvitIyA, txtIyA ityAdiyAgi hesarisalu mukhya kAraNavEnendare, hIge hesarisuva mUlaka avugaLalli yAva vibhakti-vacana pratyayagaLige ondalla ondu nAmapadadondige bandAga samAna rUpagaLu kANisikoLLutta ve embudannu tiLisuva kelasa sulabhavAgutta de. bEre yAva anukramadalli avannu hesarisidarU I kelasa aShTu sulabhavAgadu (viTni ೧೮೮೮:೮೯ nODi).
೮.೪ vibhakti pratyayagaLa artha
nAmapada mattu kriyApadagaLa naDuviruva sambandhagaLannu haLegannaDa mattu samskxta bhAShegaLu bEre bEre rItiyalli vingaDisiruvudE avugaLalli baLakeyAguva vibhakti pratyayagaLa sankhyeyalli, mEle sUcisida hAge, vyatyAsa kANisalu mukhya kAraNa. (samskxtadalli vibhakti pratyayagaLa mUlaka vacanavannU sUcisuttiruvudu (೮.೩ nODi) innondu kAraNa).
೮.೪.೧ haLegannaDada vibhaktigaLu
haLegannaDadalli nAmapada mattu kriyApadagaLa naDuviruva sambandhagaLannu mADuga, Aguga mattu jAga embudAgi mUru mukhya gumpugaLalli vingaDisalAguttadeyendu hELabahudu. ondu ghaTaneyannu naDesuva vyakti illavE prANi mADuga, adarinda
bAdhitavAguva vyakti, prANi illavE vastu Aguga mattu ghaTane naDeyuvudu elli embudannu sUcisuvudu jAga (bhaT ೨೦೦೪:೩೫ nODi).
mEle (೮.೨)ralli vivarisida hAge, I mUru rItiya sambandhagaLalli eraDannu mAtra sUcisi, mUraneyadannu sUcisade biDalu sAdhyavideyAda kAraNa, Agugavannu sUcisuva an mattu jAgavannu sUcisuva oL embudAgi haLegannaDakke eraDu vibhakti pratyayagaLa avaSyakate mAtra ide.
idallade, ghaTanemyu yAvudAdarondu rItintu “calane’yannu oLagonDideyAdare, antaha calaneya suru mattu konegaLannu sUcisuvudakkAgi in mattu ge emba bEre eraDu vibhakti pratyayagaLa avaSyakateyU haLegannaDakkide.
I nAlku pratyayagaLalli oL, in, mattu ge emba mUru pratyayagaLu ghaTaneya jAgakke sambandhisiddu (calaneya arthavidda re in athavA ge mattu illadidda re oL), avu mUru ondu gumpinallU, an embudu innondu gumpinallU baruttave. haLegannaDa vibhakti pratyayagaLa I vibhajanege cAritrika AdhAravU ide.
udAharaNegAgi, oL, in, mattu ge emba mUru pratyayagaLu nAmapadagaLinda sAdhitavAgiddu, an pratyayada hAge nAmapadagaLige nEravAgi sEruva badalu nAmapadakke a pratyayavannu sErisi racisida sambandhisuva rUpakke sEruttaveyendu hELalu sAdhyavide. idu antaha ondu cAritrika AdhAra.
a ‘ oL in ge an magana maganoL maganin magange maganan kicina kici noL kici nin kicinge kican
ja ja ja VE; oja ATada ATadoL ATadin ATakke ATaman adalu adaatoL adajAn adarke adan ettaNa daDa ettaNin jA dada
mElina kOShTakadalli kANisida hAge, oL, in, mattu ge pratyayagaLu sEridAga kelavu nAmapadagaLa munde in, d, aj, mattu aN emba AgamagaLu baruttave, mattu sambandhisuva a pratyaya sEridAgalU ivE AgamagaLu baruttave. Adare, an pratyaya sEridAga I AgamagaLu baruvudilla. I AgamagaLu cAritrikavAgi sambandhisuva rUpada amSagaLendu kalpisikoLLalu sAdhyaviddu, antaha sambandhisuva rUpakkEnE oL, in, mattu ge pratyayagaLu sEruttaveyendu hELalu sAdhyavide.
mEle sUcisiruva Aguga, jAga, suru, mattu kone emba sambandhagaLu I vibhakti pratyayagaLa mukhya arthagaLu. I arthagaLalli mAtravallade halavu vistxta arthagaLallU avannu baLasalu sAdhyaviddu (೮.೫ nODi), idarindAgi I nAlku vibhakti pratyayagaLa mUlaka haLegannaDadalli nAmapada mattu kriyApadagaLa naDuve kANisuva ellA bageya sambandhagaLannU sUcisalu sAdhyavAguttade.
೮.೪.೨ samskxtada vibhaktigaLu
samskxtadalli nAmapada mattu kriyApadagaLa naDuviruva sambandhagaLannu haLegannaDakkinta tIra bhinnavAda rItiyalli vingaDisalAgiddu, avannu sUcisuvudakkAgi ELu vibhakti pratyayagaLa baLakeyAguttade. Adare, haLegannaDada hAge I ELu vibhaktigaLu nEravAgi ELu rItiya sambandhagaLannu sUcisuvudilla.
samskxtada vayyAkaraNigaLu hELuva karta, karma, karaNa, sampradAna, apAdAna, mattu adhikaraNa emba Aru “kAraka’gaLu samskxtadalli nAmapada mattu kriyApadagaLa naDuvina sambandhagaLannu Aru mukhya gumpugaLalli vingaDisuttave. ivugaLallondannu (kartavannu) kriyApadavE sUcisalu sAdhyavideyAda kAraNa, adannu sUcisalu bEre vibhakti pratyayada avaSyakateyilla.
hIgiddarU, mEle (೮.೨)ralli vivarisida hAge, samskxtadalli vibhakti pratyayavu vacanavannU sUcisabEkAguvudAda kAraNa, intaha sandarbhagaLalli baLasalu A bhAShege ‘prathamA’ emba ondu vibhakti pratyayada avaSyakateyide.
samskxtada ShaShThI vibhakti eraDu nAmapadagaLa naDuviruva sambandhavannu (paSOH pAdaH “prANiya kAlu’) sUcisuvudallade, nAmapada mattu kriyApadagaLa naDuviruva sambandhagaLannU sUcisaballudu (೮.೭.೪ nODi). hAgAgi, samskxta vyAkaraNagaLalli ShaShThI pratyayavannU ondu vibhakti pratyayavembudAgi parigaNisalAgide.
haLegannaDada a pratyaya (madanana pUgaNe) idakkinta tIra bhinnavAgiddu, adu eraDu nAmapadagaLa naDuviruva sambandhavannu mAtra sUcisaballudu; samskxtada hAge nAmapada mattu kriyApadagaLa naDuviruva sambandhavannu adu sUcisalAradu. hAgAgi, haLegannaDa vyAkaraNadalli adannu vibhakti pratyayavendu kareyalu yAva AdhAravU illa.
idallade, haLegannaDada nAmapadagaLigiruva I a pratyaya sErida rUpagaLu guNapadagaLa jAgadalli baraballuvAda kAraNa, halavu viShayagaLalli avu vibhakti rUpagaLiginta bhinnavAgive (೮.೭.೪ nODi).
samskxtada dvitIyA vibhakti pratyaya ghaTaneyinda bhAdhitavAdudannu (karmavannu) mAtravallade calaneya koneyannU sUcisaballudu. caturthI vibhaktiyannU I arthadalli baLasalu sAdhyaviddarU, avugaLa naDuve vyatyAsavide:
(೧೦ka) grAmAya gacchati “manege hOguttAne’
(೧೦kha) grAmam gacchati “manege hOguttAne’
mElina eraDu vAkyagaLigU “manege hOguttAne’ emba ondE arthavide; Adare, (೧೦ka)dalli caturthI vibhaktiya baLakeyAgiddu, adu hOguvikeya uddESavannu
mAtra sUcisuttade; mattu (೧೦kha)dalli dvitIyeya baLakeyAgiddu, adu A uddESa siddhisideyembudannU sUcisuttade.
I rIti, calaneya mUlaka ondu jAgavannu talapalAgide embarthaviruvalli (uddESada siddhi yAgiruvalli) dvitIyeyannu baLasalu sAdhyavideyalla de caturthiyannu baLasalu sAdhyavAgadu (tArAporevAlA ೧೯೬೭:೪೦ nODi).
caturthige idakkintalU, ondu ghaTaneyannu yArigAgi naDesalAgide embudannu sUcisuva arthavE heccu mukhyavAdudu. hAgAgi, adu sAmAnyavAgi sampradAna kArakavannu sUcisuttade. keLage koTTiruva (೧೧)nE vAkyadalli danavannu paDeyuva vyaktiyannu sUcisuva upAdhyAya pada caturthiyalli bandide.
(೧೧) SiShyaH upAdhyAyAya gAm dadAti “SiShyanu upAdhyAyanige danavannu koDuttA ne
sahayOgArthavE txtIyA vibhaktiya mukhya artha (tArAporevAlA ೧೯೬೭). keLage koTTiruva (೧೨ka) vAkyadalli I baLakeyannu kANabahudu. ghaTaneyondannu naDesuvalli sAdhanavAgi baLakeyAguva karaNavU I rIti mADugana sahayOgiyAgiruva kAraNa, adannU txtIyA vibhakti sUcisaballudu embudannu (೧೨kha)dalli kANisalAgide.
(೧೨5) dEvO dEvEbhirAgamat “dEvanu dEvategaLondige banda’ (೧೨kha) rAmaH kAShThayH Odanam pacati “rAmanu kaTTigeyannu baLasi annavannu bEyisuttA ne’
idakke viruddhavAda viyOgArtha pancamI vibhaktigide. keLage koTTiruva (೧೩ka- kha) vAkyagaLalli ondu jAgavannu biTTu hOguva I arthadindalE calaneya suru emba arthavU I pratyayakke baruttade.
(೧೩ka) vihagaH AkASAt apatat “hakki AkASadinda (keLage) bittu’ (೧೩kha) muniH parvatAdavarOhati “muniyu pavartadinda iLiyuttAne’
samskxtada saptamI vibhakti ondu ghaTaneya jAgavannu mAtravallade, calaneya koneyannU sUcisaballudu. udAharaNegAgi, keLage (೧೪ka)dalli bEyuva ghaTaneya jAgavAgiruva sthAlI “pAtre’ embudannu saptamiyallirisalAgide, mattu (೧೪kha)dalli bILuva ghaTaneya koneyAgiruva caraNa “kAlu’ padavannU saptamiyallirisalAgide.
(೧೪ka) Odanam sthAlyAm pacati “anna pAtreyalli bEyuttade’ (೧೪kha) caraNayOH nipEtatuH “(avaribbaru Atana) kAlugaLige biddaru’
೮.೫ vistxta baLakegaLu
haLegannaDa vibhakti pratyayagaLa baLakegU samskxta vibhakti pratyayagaLa baLakegU naDuviruva ondu mukhyavAda vyatyAsavEnendare, mEle sUcisida hAge, haLegannaDada vibhakti pratyayagaLige spaShTavAda arthagaLannu koDalu sAdhyavide; avakke kelavu vistxta baLakegaLiruvudu nijavAdarU intaha baLakegaLalli kANisuva arthagaLalli heccinavannU avugaLa mUla arthadindalEnE sAdhisalu sAdhyavide.
udAharaNegAgi, haLegannaDada ge pratyayakke calaneya koneyannu sUcisuva mUlArtha (೭kha nODi) mAtravallade, bEre halavu vistxta baLakegaLU ive. Adare, I ellA vistxta baLakegaLannU A mUlArthadindalEnE sAdhisalu sAdhyavide.
(೧೫ka) avarge nakula sahadEvarendu pesaraniTTu “avarige nakula sahadEvarendu hesaranniTTu’ (೧೫kha) drONam gaDamiShuvidyege jANam gaDa “drONanallave! bANavidyeyalli jANanallave!’ (೧೫ga) ennarasange ennadaTuman tOkhuvem “nanna parAkramavannu nanna svAmige tOrisuttEne’ (೧೫gha) noLavinge kuppe varam “noNakke kasavE SrEShThavAdudu’
(೧೫ka)dalli yArige hesarannirisalAgideyO A vyaktigaLannu sUcisuva avar padadondige ge pratyaya bandide. illi hesarina “calane’ yAgilla diddarU, koDuvikeya arthavideyAda kAraNa, idannu calaneya koneyemba arthakke sambandhisidudendu hELalu sAdhyavide. (೧೫kha)dalli jANanAgiruva guNadharmakkiruva vyAptiyannu iShuvidye tiLisuvudAda kAraNa, adu calaneya koneyemba arthakke sambandhisidudendu hELabahudu. ge pratyayakkiruva itara baLakegaLannU, idE rItiyalli, calaneya kone emba mUlArthada bEre bEre vistxta baLakegaLendu parigaNisalu sAdhyavide.
Adare, samskxtada vibhakti pratyayagaLige I rIti avugaLa ellA baLakegaLigU sarihonduvante arthavannu hELuvudu bahaLa kaShTa. idakke mukhya kAraNavEnendare, samskxtada kriyApadagaLondige halavu upasargagaLu baralu sAdhyaviddu, ivannanusarisi, nAmapadagaLondige bEre bEre vibhakti prattayagaLu barabEkAguttade. intaha baLakegaLige
idi pu) khi
upasargagaLa arthavE modalige AdhAravAgiddiralu sAdhyavide. Adare, kAvyagaLa
kAlada samskxtadalli I upasargagaLu tamma modalina arthagaLannu bahaLa maTTige kaLedukonDiveyAda kAraNa, I AdhAra illavAgide. udAharaNegAgi keLagina vAkyagaLannu gamanisabahudu.
(೧೬ka) parvatE AstE “guDDadalli kuLitiddAne”
(೧೬kha) parvatam adhyAstE “guDDadalli kuLitiddAne”
kuLitukonDiruva jAgavannu sUcisuvudakkAgi (೧೬ka)dalli saptamiyannu baLasalAgide, mattu (೧೬kha)dalli dvitIyeyannu baLasalAgide; (೧೬kha)dalli kriyApadadondige adhi upa sa. baLuku. I rIti saptamiya badalu dvitIyeyannu baLasalu kAraNa. de I badalAvaNege arthada AdhAravilla.
idallade, samskxtadalli Aru kArakagaLannu sUcisuvudakkAgi ELu vibhakti pratyayagaLa baLakeyAguttadeyembudU vibhakti pratyaya mattu nAma-kriyA sambandha iveraDara naDuve nEravAda hondANikeyilla embudannu spaShTapaDisuttade. nijakkU Aru kArakagaLige aydu vibhakti pratyayagaLiddare sAku. kannaDadalli aydu sambandhagaLannu nAlku vibhakti pratyayagaLu sUcisuttave tAnE.
೮.೬ vibhakti pratyayagaLu mattu kArakagaLu
vibhakti pratyayagaLa mUlaka nAmapada mattu kriyApadagaLa naDuviruva ryA: sUcisuvalli haLegannaDa mattu samskxta bhAShegaLa naDuve entaha
savide embudannu nAvu mElina eraDu vibhAgagaLalli (೮.೪-೫ralli) nODiruvevu. sarjA I sambandhagaLu vibhakti pratyayagaLa mUlaka nEravAgi sUcitavAguttave; Adare, samskxtadalli I rIti nEravAgi sUcitavAguvudilla.
samskxtadalli vibhakti pratyayagaLige intaha sambandhagaLannu sUcisuva kelasa mAtravallade bEreyU kelavu kelasagaLiruvudE idakke mukhya kAraNa. udAharaNegAgi, I pratyayagaLu intaha sambandhagaLannu mAtravallade nAmapadagaLa vacanavannU sUcisabEkAguttade; ivugaLa baLake kriyApadadondige baruva upasargagaLa mElU avalambisirabEkAguttade; mattu itara vibhakti pratyayagaLu naDesuva kelasavannE halavu sandarbhagaLalli ShaShThI vibhakti pratyaya naDesaballudu.
va kAraNakkAgi, samskxtada vay yAkaraNigaLu “kAraka’ paTa bEreyE ondu vyAkaraNa tatvavannu kalpisikonDu, adara mUlaka nAmapada mattu kriyApadagaLa naDuvina sambandhavannu A bhASheyalli hEge vingaDisalAguttade embudannu vivarisabEkAgide. karka, karma, karaNa, sampradAna, apAdAna mattu adhikaraNagaLemba intaha Aru kArakagaLalli I sambandhagaLu vingaDaNeyAguttaveyendu avaru pratipAdisiddAre.
vibhaktigaLu mattu kArakagaLu “4
mEle sUcisida hAge, nAmapada mattu kriyApadagaLa naDuvina sambandhagaLannu haLegannaDadalli vingaDisiruva rIti idakkinta tIra bhinnavAdudu. samskxtada katx kArakadalli oTTu sEruva sambandhagaLalli kelavu haLegannaDada Aguga gumpinallU, innu kelavu mADuga gumpinallU hancihOguttave. idallade, bEre kelavu kone gumpina lsa sEruttave. sampradAna kArakadalli baruva sambandhagaLu, mattu karma kArakadalli baruva kelavu sambandhagaLU idE kone gumpinalli baruttave. idallade, karaNa kArakadalli baruva sambandhagaLalli hecci navU jAga gumpinalli baruttave.
nijakkU nAmapada mattu kriyApadagaLa naDuviruva sambandhagaLannu haLegannaDadalli hEge sUcisalAguttade embudannu vivarisalu kArakagaLemba vyAkaraNa tatvada avaSyakateyE illa (jAsti vivaragaLige bhaT ೧೯೯೧ nODi). haLegannaDadalli baLakeyAguva vibhakti pratyayagaLige koDabahudAda arthagaLE I viShayavannu nEravAgi tiLisuttave. idakke apavAdagaLAgi baruva baLakegaLella spaShTavAgi I pratyayagaLa vistxta baLakegaLAgive.
nAmapadagaLa lingavannu nirdharisuvalli samskxta mattu haLegannaDa bhAShegaLa naDuviruvantaha vyatyAsavE vibhaktigaLa arthavannu nirdharisuvallU I eraDu bhAShegaLa naDuve kANisuttadeyendu hELabahudu. haLegannaDadalli nAmapadagaLa lingavannu nEravAgi avugaLa arthada AdhArada mEle nirdharisalu sAdhyavide. idakke kelavE kelavu apavAdagaLu mAtra ive.
Adare, samskxtadalli pratiyondu nAmapadada lingavannUvAkyagaLalli A nAmapadada baLakeyentahadu embudannu pariSIlisuvudara mUlaka nirdharisabEkAgutta de (idakke apavAdavAgi, arthavE adhAravAgabahudAdantaha sandarbhagaLu samskxtadalli bahaLa kaDime). hAgAgi, samskxta vyAkaraNadalli lingavibhajaneyembudu ondu bahaLa kliShTavAda viShayavAgide (೭.೨.೨ nODi).
idE rItiyalli, nAmapada mattu kriyApadagaLa naDuvina sambandhagaLa vibhajaneyU samskxta vyAkaraNadalli ondu bahaLa kli ShTavAda viShayavAgide. vibhakti pratyayagaLa baLakege arthavyatyAsa nEravAda AdhAravAgilladiruvudE idakke mukhya kAraNa.
haLegannaDadalli vibhakti pratyayagaLannu nEravAgi avugaLa arthadondige sambandhisalu sAdhyavideyAda kAraNa, adara vibhakti pratyayagaLannu samskxtada hAge prathamA (modalaneyadu), dvitIyA (eraDaneyadu), txtIyA (mUraneyadu) ityAdiyAgi hesarisuva badalu, A pratyayagaLa arthavannu spaShTapaDisuva hAge bAdhita (an), suru (in), kone (ge) mattu jAga (oL) embudAgi hesarisuvudE oLLeyadu.
೮.೭ haLegannaDa vayyAkaraNigaLa samasyegaLu
haLegannaDa mattu samskxta bhAShegaLa naDuve vibhakti pratyayagaLa baLakeyalli, mEle sUcisida hAge, halavu mUlabhUtavAda vyatyAsagaLive. hAgAgi, samskxta vibhakShigaLa baLakeyalli kANisuva vyAkaraNa niyamagaLannu hAgeyE haLegannaDakke
aLavaDisikoLLalu sAdhyavAgadu. hIge mADalu prayatnisidudarindAgi, haLegannaDa vayyAkaraNigaLu halavu rItiya samasyegaLannu edurisabEkAgide, mattu avaru racisida vyAkaraNagaLu anavaSyakavAgi bahaLa kliShTavAgive.
samskxtada hAge haLegannaDadallU ELu vibhaktigaLannu kANalu ivaru naDesida prayatna hEge asaphalavAgideyembudannu IgAgalE halavaru vidvAmsaru vivarisiddA re (kannaDa kaypiDi ೧೯೭೧:೩೮, kxShNabhaTTa ೧೯೯೨: ೧೬೪, sItArAmayya ೧೯೭೯:೧೪೭). illU vyAkaraNada mUlatatvagaLa maTTige haLegannaDa mattu samskxta bhAShegaLa naDuviruva vyatyAsagaLannu gamanisadiruvudE I samasyegaLige mukhya kAraNa embudannu keLagina pariSIlane spaShTapaDisuttade.
೮.೭.೧ prathamA vibhakti
samskxtada hAge haLegannaDakke prathamA vibhaktiya avaSyakate yAke illa embudannu mEle (೮.೨)ralli vivarisalAgide. haLegannaDada vayyAkaraNigaLu samskxtada hAge haLegannaDakkU prathamA vibhakti bEkAgabahudu endu bhAvisi, adakkAgi m emba pratyayavondannu kalpisikonDiddAre.
Adare, I kalpaneyannu uLisikoLLuva prayatnadalli avaru halavu samasyegaLannu edurisabEkAgide. akArAntavallada pul, baLLi, erale modalAda nAmapadagaLondige makAra bAradiruvudu ondu samasyeyAdare, akArAnta padagaLa makAra dvitIyA vibhaktiyallU uLidukoLLuvudu (beTTamam, ATamam) innondu samasye.
akArAnta pullinga padagaLige (mattu mara, akka, pola, nela modalAda bEre kelavu akArAnta padagaLige) svara paravAdAga I makAra nakAravAguvudu (rAmanum, akkanum, nelanum), mattu I nakAra itara svaradalli suruvAguva vibhakti pratyayagaLu sEridAgalU hAgeyE uLiyuvudu (maranam, rAmanim, rAmanoL) mattondu samasye. intaha halavu samasyegaLu anavaSyakavAda I kalpaneyindAgi avara vyAkaraNagaLalli uda ೈvisive (೭.೩.೨ nODi).
೮.೭.೨ txtIye mattu caturthi
txtIyeyE modalAda samskxtada itara vibhaktigaLige samanAda vibhaktigaLannu haLegannaDadalli kANalu ivaru naDesida prayatnagaLU intahavE samasyegaLige kAraNagaLAgive.
udAharaNegAgi, haLegannaDada im pratyaya samskxtada txtIyege samanAdudendu I vayyAkaraNigaLu bhAvisiddAre. Adare, nijakkU I pratyaya samskxtada txtIyegintalU pancamige hattiravAgide (kxShNabhaTTa ೧೯೯೨:೧೬೪ nODi).
samskxtada txtIyA vibhaktige sahayOgavE prAmukhyavAda artha. idakke viruddhavAda viyOgArthavannu pancamI vibhakti sUcisuttade. I vyatyAsavannu keLagina vAkyagaLalli kANabahudu.
(೧೭ka) rAmO dEvEbhirAgamat “rAmanu dEvategaLondige banda’ (೧೭kha) grAmAdAgaccheti “grAmadinda baruttAne’
(೧೭ka)dalli rAmanondige dEvategaLa sahayOgavideyAda kAraNa (ellarU oTTige bandiruvarAda kAraNa), dEvEbhiH embudAgi txtIyA vibhaktirUpada baLakeyAgide; Adare, (೧೭kha)dalli baruva vyaktigU mattu grAmakkU naDuve viyOgavAgideyAda kAraNa, grAmAt embudAgi pancamI vibhakti rUpada baLakeyAgide.
haLegannaDada im pratyaya mukhyavAgi viyOgavannu sUcisuttadeyallade sahayOgavannalla. adu ondu calaneya suruvannu sUcisuva kAraNa, viyOgavE adara prAmukhyavAda artha. idakke virudda vAda sahayOgArthavannu haLegannaDadalli ge pratyaya (illavE jAgavannu sUcisuva oL pratyaya) sUcisuttade. I pratyayagaLa vistxta baLakegaLallU I vyatyAsavannu kANalu sAdhyavide.
udAharaNegAgi, haLegannaDadalli im pratyaya ondu ghaTanege kAraNavannu sUcisuvudAdare, ge pratyaya uddESavannu sUcisuttade. kAraNadinda ghaTane suruvAguttade, mattu anantara uddESavannu talaputtade embudAgi illi calaneya eraDu amSagaLannu kANalu sAdhyavide.
(೧೮ka) putrasnEhadinde ati praLApam geyva ambAle
“magana mElina prItiyinda bahaLa gOLADuttidda ambAle’ (೧೮kha) madIya pitan tapakke pOdan
“nanna tande tapassige hOda’
(೧೮ka)dalli gOLADuvudakke putrasnEha kAraNavAda kAraNa, A nAmapadadondige inde pratyaya bandide, mattu (೧೮kha)dalli hOguva kelasakke tapassu uddESavAda kAraNa, A nAmapadadondige ge (kay) pratyaya bandide.
samskxtadalli karaNavannu sahayOgArthada vistxta arthavembudAgi parigaNisalAgiddu, adakkAgi txtIyA vibhaktiyannu baLasalAgutta de. udAharaNegAgi, keLage (೧೯)nE vAkyadalli jinkeyannu hoDeyuva rAjanu adakkAgi bANavannu baLasiruvanAda kAraNa, alli Atanondige bANada sahayOgavide.
(೧೯) narESvaraH SarENa mxgam avidhyat “rAjanu bANadinda jinkeyannu hoDedanu’
haLegannaDadalli karaNavannu sUcisalu im pratyaya baLakeyAguvudEnO nija; Adare illi karaNavannu viyOgada vistxta arthavembudAgi parigaNisiruva hAge
kANisuttade. kaDiyuva ghaTane koDaliyinda suruvAguttade emba viShaya I vistxta baLakege AdhAravirabEku.
haLegannaDadalli im pratyayavannu mAtravallade oL pratyayavannU karaNavannu sUcisuvudakkAgi baLasalAguttade. illi karaNavannu ghaTane suruvAguva jAga (viyOga sambandha) embudakkintalU barI jAga (adhikaraNa sambandha) embudAgi parigaNisiruva hAge kANisuttade. udAharaNegAgi, pampabhAratada keLagina vAkyagaLannu gamanisabahudu:
(೨೦ka) aralambugaLinde maruLvi (೨.೪೦) “puShpabANagaLinda mOhagoLisi’
(೨೦kha) piDida neydiloL tumbiyan oyyane sOvutum (೨.೧೭) “(kayyalli) hiDida neydile hUvininda tumbiyannu mellage ODisutta’
(೨೦ka)dalli mOhagoLisuva kelasakkAgi baLasida karaNavannu (aralambugaL embudannu) im(de) pratyayada mUlaka sUcisalAgide, mattu (೨೦kha)dalli ODisuva kelasakkAgi baLasida karaNavannu (neydila embudannu) oL pratyayada mUlaka sUcisalAgide.
೮.೭.೩ pancamI vibhakti
haLegannaDada im pratyayavannu txtIyA endu parigaNisida kAraNa, pancamI vibhakti illavAgide. I jAgavannu tumbisalu kESirAjanu at embudannu kalpisikonDiddAne (sU. ೧೦೩). Adare, venkaTAcala SAstri gaLu (೧೯೯೪:೫೫) vivarisida hAge, I pratyayavannu baLasabEkiddalli, adarondige dikkannu sUcisuva aN embudannu mattu txtIyA vibhaktiya im pratyayavannU baLasabEkAguttade. idallade, I attaNim baruvallella barE im embudannU baLasalu sAdhyavide.
haLegannaDa vayyAkaraNigaLu samskxtada mAdariyannu uLisikoLLuvudakkAgi haLegannaDakke kalpisikonDiruva I pancamI vibhakti pratyaya entaha samasyegaLigella kAraNavAgide embudannu IgAgalE halavaru viddA rimsaru vivarisiddAre (kannaDa kaypiDi ೧೯೭೧:೩೯, kxShNa bhaTTa ೧೯೯೨:೧೬೪, ityAdi).
haLegannaDada im pratyaya nijakkU ondE rUpada txtIyA mattu pancamigaLemba eraDu bEre bEre pratyayagaLu embudAgi ittIcege ranganAtha Sarmaru (೨೦೦೨:೧೧೩) vAdisiddAre. idakke AdhAravAgi avaru keLage koTTiruva kavirAjamArgada vAkyavannu udAharisiddAre:
(೨೧) tannarEndranim dharaNi sanAthe
I vAkya karmaNi prayOgadallideyendu, mattu AdaL kriyApadavannu I
Si mEle, avaru I vAkyadalli narEndra pada karta embudAgiyU, mattu adu im
pratyayadondige bandideyAda kAraNa, im embudu kataNxvannu sUcisuva txtIyA vibhakti pratyaya embudAgiyU vAdisiddAre.
Adare, (೨೧)ralli karmaNiya alpaDu bandilla. AdaL kriyApadakke adara aL pratyaya sUcisuva dharaNi pada kartavAgaba sadallade, narEndra pada kartavAguvudu kaShTa. adannu kartavAgi mADabEkAdalli, bEre yAvudAdarU kriyApadavannu UhisikoLLabEkAguttade. Adare I rIti sAdhisida “vibhakti pratyaya’ haLegannaDada vAkyaracaneya mEle avalambisiruva vibhakti pratyayavAgalAradu.
೮.೭.೪ ShaShThI vibhakti
samskxtada mAdariyannanusarisi, haLegannaDadallU ShaShThI vibhakti yide embudAgi haLegannaDada vayyAkaraNigaLu hELiddAre (kESirAja sU. ೧೦೩). Adare kESirAjanu I pratyayakke koTTiruva adu marada paN emba udAharaNe, mattu ೧೪೩nE sUtrada keLage koTTiruva bEre halavu udAharaNegaLu eraDu nAmapadagaLa naDuvina sambandhavannu mAtravE sUcisuttaveyallade, kriyApada mattu nAmapadagaLa naDuviruva sambandhavannu sUcisuvudilla. hAgAgi, idannu vibhakti pratyayavendu kareyuvudu sariyalla.
samskxtadalli eraDu nAmapadagaLa naDuvina sambandhavannu sUcisuvudakkAgi baLakeyAguva as, Os, mattu Am emba (mUru vacanagaLalli baruva) pratyayagaLannu vibhakti pratyayagaLa jAgadallU (mukhyavAgi caturthi vibhakti pratyayada jAgadalli) baLasalu sAdhyavide. hAgAgi, samskxta vyAkaraNagaLalli ivannu vibhakti pratyayagaLendu karediruvudaralli avcityavide. udAharaNegAgi, keLage koTTiruva samskxta vAkyagaLannu gamanisabahudu:
(೨೨ka) mAtuH smarati
“(Ata) tAyannu neneyuttAne’ (೨೨kha) bhImaska anukariShyAmi
“(nAnu) bhImanannu anukarisuttEne’ (೨೨ga) mama prItiH sanjAtaH
“nanage (avaLalli) prItiyunTAyitu’ (೨೨gha) kimasya bhikTOH kriyatAm
“I bikShukanige Enu mADONa?
(೨೨ka)dalli yAva vyaktiyannu neneyalAguttideyO A vyaktiyannu, mattu (೨೨kha)dalli yAva vyaktiyannu anukarisalAguttideyO A vyaktiyannu, ShaShThI vibhaktiya mUlaka sUcisalAgide; (೨೨ga)dalli ADuganige yAralli prItiyunTAgideyO A vyaktiyannU ShaShThiyindalE sUcisalAgide.
Adare, haLegannaDadalli an mattu ge pratyayagaLE intaha sandarbhagaLalli baLakeyAguttaveyallade ShaShThI vibhakti pratyaya baLakeyAguvudilla.
idallade, haLegannaDadalli eraDu nAmapadagaLa naDuvina sambandhavannu sUcisuva a pratyaya samskxtada as, Os, mattu Am emba ShaShThI vibhakti pratyayagaLinda, keLage sUcisida hAge, bEre kelavu viShayagaLallU bhinnavAgide.
(೧) haLegannaDadalli nAmapada mattu guNapadagaLembudAgi eraDu tIra bhinnavAda padavargagaLive embudannu nAvu (೪.೨)ralli nODiruvevu. I kAraNakkAgi, haLegannaDadalli ondu nAmapadavannu illavE kriyApadavannu innondu nAmapadadondige sambandhisabEkiddalli (guNapadada jAgadalli baLasabEkiddalli), avannu guNarUpakke badalAyisikoLLabEkAguttade.
haLegannaDadalli makkaLa, arasana, maneya, marada, modalAdavugaLu intaha nAmapadagaLa guNarUpagaLallade vibhaktirUpagaLalla. avannu guNapadagaLa hAge nAmapadagaLondige nAmapadakantegaLalli baLasalu sAdhyavideyalla de, nEravAgi kriyApadagaLondige baLasalu sAdhyavAgadu. I viShayadalli avu kriyApadagaLa guNarUpagaLannu (kxdantagaLannu) hOluttave.
kxdantarUpagaLu sambandhisuva rUpagaLu kukilva kOgile tuppada kampu
nimirda kuruLga l makkaLa mey kempEaುda kaNgaL arasana amTe
paLancida baNNangaL kOnTeya celvu
Adare samskxtadalli guNapadagaLu mattu nAmapadagaLu ondE padavargadalli baruttave. hAgAgi, adara nAmapada mattu kriyApadagaLige haLegannaDadalliruva hAge viSiShTavAda guNarUpagaLilla. samskxtada kxdantagaLu nAmapadagaLE; idallade, adara nAmapadagaLa sambandhisuva (ShaShThI vibhaktiya) rUpagaLannu bEre nAmapadagaLondige mAtravallade, nEravAgi kriyApadagaLondigU sambandhisalu sAdhyavide (೮.೭.೪ nODi).
(೨) haLegannaDadalli guNapadagaLa hAge, mattu kriyApadagaLa guNarUpagaLa hAge, nAmapadagaLa guNarUpagaLannU vibhakti pratyayagaLondige baLasalu sAdhyavide; Adare, idakkAgi guNapadagaLa hAge, mattu kriyApadagaLa guNarUpagaLa hAge, nAmapadagaLa guNarUpagaLigU linga-vacana pratyayagaLannu sErisi avannu nAmarUpakke badalAyisikoLLuva avaSyakateyide.
kriyApada nAmapada naguvaran aaುdaL birdinange seapu geydar endaLge karNanintendam rathadan aSvatthAman
kUradar pOdar maneyan bandan
modalaneya kAlannalli kriyApadagaLa guNarUpagaLannu mattu eraDaneya kAlannalli nAmapadagaLa guNarUpa(ShaShThIrUpa)gaLannu nAmarUpakke badalAyisi, anantara avannu nAmapadagaLa jAgadalli baLasalAgide. udAharaNegAgi, endalle embudaralli en kriyApadada guNarUpavAda enda embudakke aL linga-vacana pratyayavannu sErisi nAmarUpakke badalAyisalAgide (endaL “hELidavaLu’), mattu anantara adakke ge vibhakti pratyayavannu sErisalAgide.
idE rItiyalli birdinange embudaralli birdu “Atithya’ nAmapadada guNarUpavAda birdina embudakke an linga-vacana pratyayavannu sErisi nAmarUpakke badalAyisalAgide (birdinan “Atithyadavanu, atithi’) mattu anantara adakkege vibhakti pratyayavannu sErisalAgide.
samskxtada ShaShThI vibhakti pratyayakkU, haLegannaDada a pratyayakkU naDuve intaha mUlabhUta vyatyAsagaLiveyAda kAraNa, samskxtada ShaShThI vibhakti pratyayada hAge haLegannaDada a pratyayavannu vibhakti pratyayavendu kareyuvudu sariyalla.
idallade, haLegannaDadallEnE nAmapadavannu kriyApadadondige sambandhisuva an, in, ge, mattu oL emba vibhakti pratyayagaLigU, nAmapadavannu innondu nAmapadadondige sambandhisuva a pratyayakkU naDuve halavu vyatyAsagaLive.
udAharaNegAgi, vibhakti patnayagaLondige baruva nAmapadagaLige um (am)
idi vra
“mattu’ pratyayavannu sErisi hELalu sAdhyavide.
(೨೨ka) meykoLuDida ambugaLumam “SarIradoLage muridu hOgidda bANagaLannU’ (೨೨kha) kAlindeyum kayyindeyum ghaTTisidam “kAlinindalU kayyindalU hoDedanu’ (೨೨ga) arasangam arasigam puTTidanE “arasanigU arasigU huTTidanE? (೨೨gha) nIroLam kiccinoLam poraLLu “nIrinallU benkiyallU horaLi’
Adare sambandhisuva a pratyayadondige baruva nAmapadagaLige I rIti um (am) pratyayavannu sErisalu sAdhyavAgadu (kESirAja sU. ೧೩೩ nODi). I viShayadalli sambandhisuva a pratyaya kxdantagaLalli baruva a pratyayada hAge vartisuttadeyallade, vibhakti pratyayagaLa hAge vartisuvudilla. gelba, pADuva, aaAುyada modalAda kxdanta . (guNarUpa)gaLondigU um pratyaya baralAradu.
iveraDakkU linga-vacana pratyayagaLannu sErisi, avannu badalAyisidalli mAtra, avugaLondige um pratyayavannu baLasalu sAdhyavide embudannu
mEle nODiruvevu.
illi nAvu gamanisabEkAgiruva mukhyavAda viShayavEnendare, haLegannaDadalli kriyApadagaLa kxdantarUpagaLu mattu nAmapadagaLa sambandhisuva rUpagaLu padakantegaLa angagaLAgi baraballuvallade, nEravAgi vAkyagaLa angagaLAgi baralAravu. avu nAmapadagaLiginta mattu avugaLa vibhakti rUpagaLiginta tIra bhinnavAda staradalli baLakeyAguttave. avannu baLasiruva padakantegaLannu mAtra vAkyagaLa angagaLAgi baLasalu sAdhyavide.
(೨೩ka) banda kumbhasambhavam (೨೩kha) banda kumbhasambhavanam kanDam
(೨೪ka) ninna yaSam (೨೪kha) ninna yaSamam karidu mADidem
(೨೩ka)dalli bar kriyApadada kxdantarUpavannu (banda embudannu) ondu padakanteya angavannAgi mADalAgide, mattu (೨೩kha)dalli A padakanteyannu ondu vAkyada angavannAgi mADalAgide. idE rItiyalli, (೨೪ka)dalli nIn embudara sambandhisuva rUpavannu ondu padakanteya angavannAgi mADalAgide, mattu (೨೪kha)dalli A padakanteyannu ondu vAkyada angavannAgi mADalAgide.
padakanteyannu keLagina staravendu, mattu vAkyavannu adakkinta mElina staravendu parigaNisalu sAdhyaviddu , guNapadagaLu, kxdantagaLu, mattu nAmapadagaLa sambandhisuva rUpagaLu keLagina staradalli mAtra baraballuvu.
೮.೭.೫ vibhakti pallaTa
samskxtadalli vibhakti pratyayagaLigU, avu sUcisabEkAgiruva sambandha(nAma- kriyAsambandha)gaLigU naDuve nEravAda hondANikeyilla. hAgAgi, ondE sambandhavannu eraDu athavA jAsti vibhakti pratyayagaLa mUlaka sUcisalu sAdhyavide.
udAharaNegAgi, samskxtadalli kAraNavannu sUcisalu txtIyeyannU baLasabahudu, pancamiyannU baLasabahudu (kAraNEna, kAraNAt), yArondige mAtanADiddu embudannu sUcisalu caturthiyannU baLasabahudu, dvitIyeyannU baLasabahudu; yArige koTTaddu embudannu sUcisalu caturthiyannU baLasabahudu, ShaShThi illavE saptamiyannU baLasabahudu; ityAdi (spIjar ೧೮೮೬ nODi).
idallade, mEle sUcisida hAge, kriyApadadondige baruva upasargagaLannanusarisi bEre bEre vibhakti pratyayagaLannu (arthadalli vyatyAsavilladiddarU) samskxtadalli baLasabEkAguttade, mattu kriyApadavu kartari rUpadallideyE athavA karmaNi rUpadallideyE embudannAdharisiyU adarondige baruva nAmapadagaLa vibhaktiyalli
badalAvaNegaLannu mADikoLLabEkAguttade. ivellavU samskxtadalli sAkaShTu “vibhaktipallaTa’gaLu kANisikoLLalu kAraNagaLAgive.
haLegannaDadalli kANisuva “vibhaktipallaTa’vU intahadE AgirabEkendu adara vayyAkaraNigaLu nirdharisiruva hAge kANisuttade; kESirAjana abhiprAyadante, haLegannaDada vibhakti pratyayagaLannu hEgU baLasabahudu (“intI pElpi vibhaktigaLentum pallaTisugum yathEShTam’ (sU. ೧೪೫). Adare, nijakkU haLegannaDadalli samskxtadalli kANisuvantaha vibhakti pallaTavilla.
vayyAkaraNigaLu haLegannaDadalli baLakeyalliveyendu hELuva vibhakti pallaTagaLannu keLage sUcisida hAge vingaDisalu sAdhyaviddu, avu kANisikoLLalu bEre bEre kAraNagaLive:
(೧) halavu sandarbhagaLalli I rIti eraDu vibhakti pratyayagaLa baLakeyAgiruvallella arthavyatyAsavU kANisikoLLutta de, mattu I arthavyatyAsavannu vibhakti pratyayagaLa mUlArthadinda sAdhisalU sAdhyavAgutta j
udAharaNegAgi, tAvareyoL puTTidam mattu tAvarege puTTidam embavugaLa naDuve oL mattu ge pratyayagaLa naDuviruvantahadE arthavyatyAsaviruva hAge kANisuttade. oL embudu illi huTTida jAgavannu sUcisuvudAdare, ge embudu sambandhavannu sUcisuttade.
pUvanarcisidam mattu pUvindarcisidam emba eraDu baLakegaLa naDuveyU arthavyatyAsavide. modalaneya baLakeyalli arcaneyinda bAdhitavAgiruva vastu hUvu embudannu sUcisalu an pratyayavannu baLasalAgideyAdare, eraDaneyadaralli arcanege baLasida vastu hUvu embudannu sUcisalu inda pratyayavannu baLasalAgide.
ondu dinadoL bandam embudu avadhiyannu sUcisuvudAdare, ondu dinam bandam embudu samayavannaShTE sUcisuttade; baralu eShTu samaya hiDiyitu embudannu I eraDaneya baLake sUcisuvudilla.
(೨) bEre kelavu udAharaNegaLalli tIra bhinnavAda racanegaLu kANisuttiddu, nijakkU avu vibhakti pallaTakke udAharaNegaLalla. rasikara cakravarti embudondu padakante, rasikaroL cakravarti embudu ondu vAkya; idE rItiyalli koDeyoDeyam embudu padakante, koDegoDeyam embudu vAkya.
(೩) innu dvitIyArthadalli ShaShThi baruttade endu hELiruvalli dvitIyegiruva eraDu rUpagaLalli ondannu ShaShThiyendu bhramisiruva hAge kANisuttade. nijakkU haLegannaDadalli dvitIyege an mattu a embudAgi eraDu rUpagaLiveyendu hELuva avaSyakateyide (tenkanADam maakayalke, tenkanADa maakeyalay).
haLegannaDada halavu vaySiShTyagaLannu uLisikonDiruva karAvaLiya Adhunika kannaDa prabhEdagaLalli dvitIyeya annu embudara badalu a pratyayavE baLakeyallide. udAharaNegAgi, havyaka kannaDadalli marava kaDudavu “maravannu kaDidaru’, avana biTTavu “avanannu biTTaru’ embantaha baLakegaLiddu, ivugaLalli dvitIyA vibhaktige a rUpavide.
venkaTAcala SAstrigaLu (೧೯೯೪:೬೦) haLegannaDada I a pratyayada baLakeyalli an embudara atana “savedu’hOgirabahudendu sUcisiddAre. havyakadalli I dvitIyeya anantara otti hELuva ude pratyayavannu baLasidAga nakAra kANisikoLLuvudAda kAraNa (maravannude kaDudavu “maravannU kaDidaru’), I sUcane sariyirabahudEnO endenisuttade.
Adare, I a pratyayavannu baLasidAga in mattu ar (al) AgamagaLu baruttave, mattu an pratyayavannu baLasidAga I AgamagaLu baruvudilla embudannu gamanisidAga, illi bErEnO naDediruva hAge anisuttade. havyakada kADina “kADannu’, kaNNina “kaNNa nnu’ adara “adannu’, eraDara “eraDannu’ embantaha dvitIyArUpagaLalli I AgamagaLu bandiruvudannu kANabahudu.
idallade, dakShiNa kannaDa jilleya gavDa kannaDadallU dvitIyA vibhakti pratyaya vyanjanagaLa anantara a rUpadalli barutta de (marangaLa “maragaLannu’, adara “adannu’, hArara “brAhmaNarannu’), mattu svaragaLa anantara na rUpadalli (attena “atteyannu’, marana “maravannu’) baruttade (kuSAlappa gavDa ೧೯೭೦:೪೪).
haLegannaDadallU adaja taDevudadharmam emballi I pratyayadondige aಾgama bandide. inAgamavU baruttadeyO embudannu pariSIlisabEku.
Adare, ShaShThiyalli kANisuva adAgama I pratyayada baLakeyallilla. havyakada marada kAlu mattu marava kaDudavu emberaDu baLakegaLalli I vyatyAsavannu kANabahudu. gavDa kannaDadallU marana “maravannu’ mattu marada “marada’ embudAgi I eraDu vibhakti rUpagaLoLage vyatyAsavide (kuSAlappa gavDa ೧೯೭೦: ೪೭)
haLegannaDada granthagaLu mukhyavAgi jayna lEkhakarinda sxShTiyAgiddu, ivara kEndra sthAna karAvaLiyalliddudE haLegannaDadalli I rIti karAvaLiya kannaDa prabhEdada halavu vaySiShTyagaLu kANisikoLLalu kAraNavirabahudu.
(೪) avaSyavilladalli vibhakti pratyayavannu baLasadeyU iralu sAdhya embudu haLegannaDa vibhakti prayOgada ondu vaySiShTa 8 (೮.೨ nODi). dvitIyeya badalu prathame kANisuvantaha sandarbhagaLella I vaySiShTa da dyOtakagaLAgiveyalla de vibhakti pallaTakke (illavE samAsakke) udAharaNegaLalla.
vibhakti pallaTakke vayyAkaraNigaLu koDuva udAharaNegaLannu hAgeyE pariSIlisidalli avugaLa uddESavEnembudu spaShTavAguvudilla. avu kANisikoLLuva kavigaLa prayOgagaLannu pariSIlisidAga mAtra nijakkU avu ondE arthadalli bandiveyE, athavA bEre bEre arthagaLannu sUcisuvudakkAgi bandiveyE emba viShaya spa ShTavAgaballudu.
೮.೭.೬ kArakagaLu
mEle (೮.೬)ralli sUcisida hAge, samskxtadalli vibhakti pratyayagaLigU avu
sUcisuva nAma-kriyA sambandhagaLigU naDuve nEravAda hondANikeyilla. hAgAgi, A bhASheyalli nAma-kriyA sambandhagaLannu hEge vingaDisalAguttade embudannu vivarisuvudakkAgi samskxta vayyAkaraNigaLu “kAraka’gaLemba sambandhagaLannu kalpisikoLLabEkAgide.
haLegannaDada vibhakti pratyayagaLu nAma-kriyA sambandhagaLannu heccu kaDime nEravAgiyE sUcisuttiveyAda kAraNa, kArakagaLemba kalpita sambandhagaLa avaSyakate haLegannaDa vyAkaraNakkilla. hAgEnAdarU kalpi sikoLLuvudidda rU, avu samskxtada kArakagaLiginta tIra bhinnavAgiruvudu avaSya. yAkendare, haLegannaDadalli I sambandhagaLannu samskxtakkinta tIra bhinnavAda rItiyalli vingaDisalAguttade.
udAharaNegAgi, ondu ghaTaneyalli toDagikonDiruva vyaktigaLannu samskxtadalli karta mattu karma embudAgi vibhajisalAguttade, Adare haLegannaDada maTTige antaha vibhajanegintalU Aguga mattu mADuga emba vibhajaneyE heccu ucitavAdudu. idakke kAraNavEnendare, I eraDu bhAShegaLalli kriyApadagaLannu vibhajisuva krama tIra bhinnavAdudu.
samskxtadalli kriyApadagaLannu mukhyavAgi akarmaka mattu sakarmaka embudAgi vibhajisalAguttade; kriyApadagaLu sUcisuva ghaTaneyalli obba vyakti toDagiruvanAdare adu akarmaka, mattu ibbaru vyaktigaLu toDagiruvarAdare sakarmaka. akarmaka ghaTaneyalli toDagiruva vyakti karta kAraka mattu sakarmaka ghaTaneyalli toDagiruva ibbaru vyaktigaLalli obba karta kAraka mattu innobba karma kAraka.
samskxta vayyAkaraNigaLu I akarmaka-sakarmaka bhEdavannu svalpa bhinnavAgi (vyApAra mattu phalagaLeraDU ondE ghaTakadalliddare akarmaka, mattu bEre bEre ghaTakagaLalli dda re sakarmaka embudAgi) varNisuvarAdarU mUlArtha ondE.
haLegannaDa vyAkaraNakke intaha akarmaka-sakarmaka vibhajaneya avaSyakateyilla adakke badalu, obba vyakti ondu ghaTaneyalli svEccheyinda toDagiruvanAdare mADuga, illavAdare Aguga embudE haLegannaDa kriyApadagaLa vibhajanege mUlavAgiruttade. hAgAgi, samskxtada karta mattu karmakArakagaLannu hAgeyE haLegannaDakke aLavaDisalu sAdhyavAguvudilla Si
haLegannaDada vAkyaracaneyannu vivarisuvAga, halavu sandarbhagaLalli I rIti Aguga mattu mADugagaLemba kalpanegaLannu baLasuvudarinda vivaraNeya kelasa sulabhavAguttade; adakke badalu, karka mattu karma emba kalpanegaLannu baLasidalli vivaraNe tappAguttade.
udAharaNegAgi, eraDu vAkyagaLannu jODisi hELuvalli baLakeyAguva kuDidu, mindu modalAdavugaLannu baLasabEkiddalli, A eraDu vAkyagaLU ““EkakataNxka’- gaLAgirabEkendu bhaTTAkaLankanu ondu niyamavannu mADiddAne (sU. ೫೮೦). Adare idakke apavAdavAgi peNanam kanDu duHkhamAdudu, priyaLam kanDu sukhamAdudu
embantaha vAkyagaLiruvudu samasyeyAgide. peNanam kanDu sukha mAdudu emba vAkyadalli eraDu vAkyagaLannu (Atan peNanam kanDan mattu Atange duHkhamAdudu embavugaLannu) kanDu kriyArUpada mUlaka jODisalAgiddu, avugaLa kartxgaLu ondE alla.
idakke kunDalagiyAcAryaru (೧೯೪೧:೬೫೪) koDuva samAdhAnavEnendare, duHkhamAdudu embudakke duHkhatanAdanu emba arthavanniTTukonDalli eraDu vAkyadallU ondE kataNxviruva hAge Aguttade embudu. Adare idu arthavannavalambisida samAdhAnavAgiddu, vAkkaracaneya samasyeyannu nivArisuvudilla.
idallade, haLegannaDadalli mElina niyamakke apavAdagaLAgi kANisuva bEreyU halavu vAkyagaLannu racisalu sAdhyaviddu , avakkella intaha samAdhAnavannu koDalu sAdhyavAgadu.
idakke badalu, mEle sUcisida hAge, ondu ghaTaneyalli svEccheyinda niratanAguva vyakti (mADuga) mattu itara (Aguga) embudAgi kArakagaLannu vibhajisidalli, mElina haLegannaDa vAkyagaLige sulabhavAgi niyamavannu racisabahudu. jODisiruva eraDu vAkyagaLallU mADuga kArakavannu baLasalAgideyAdare, adu obbanE vyaktiyannu sUcisuva avaSyakateyide embudE illi bEkAgiruva niyama (hosagannaDadallU I niyama hEge baLakeyallide embudannu bhaT (೨೦೦೪:೧೯೬)ralli vivarisalAgide). mEle koTTiruva apavAda vAkyagaLalli mADuga ghaTaka modalaneya angavAkyadalli mAtra bandide embudannu gamanisabahudu (೧೦.೨.೨ nODi).
೮.೭.೭ nAma-kriyA sambandha
samskxtada vayyAkaraNigaLu hELuva Aru kArakagaLu “sakala bhAShegaLalliyU nihitavAgiruva gUDhatatva’vannu sUcisuttaveyembudAgi ittIcege ranganAtha Sarmaru (೨೦೦೨:೨) barediddA re. avara abhiprAyadante, “Sabda gaLige kriyeyoDane sambandhaviSEShavu Aru vidhadalli mAtra sAdhya. adakkinta heccu vidhadalli I sambandhavannu yAva SabdavU tiLisalAradu. Addarinda yAva bhASheyallAgali Aru kArakagaLiruttave. adhikavU illa kaDimeyU illa.
jagattinalli oTTu aydu sAvirakkintalU jAsti bhAShegaLiddu (bhaT ೨೦೦೨ nODi), ondu siddhA ೦ta ivellavakkU anvayisuttade endu vAdisabEkAdalli, avugaLannu pratinidhIkarisuva nUrinnUru bhAShegaLannAdarU pariSIlisuva avaSyakateyide. ranganAtha Sarmaru intaha pariSIlaneyannu naDesida hAge kANisuvudilla. idallade, hIge pariSIlisiruvevAdarU, namma siddA ntakke apavAdavAgi ondE ondu bhAShe kANasikkidarU oDaneyE A siddhA nta biddu hOguttade.
nAmapada mattu kriyApadagaLa naDuviruva sambandhavannu ellA bhAShegaLigU anvayisuva hAge krODIkarisalu halavaru vidvAmsaru IgAgalE prayatnisi sOtiddA re.
vibhaktigaLu mattu kArakagaLu ae
udAharaNegAgi, philli mOr emba amerikada vidvAmsaru modalige (phillimOr ೧೯೬೮) intaha Aru sambandhagaLa avaSyakateyideyendu vAdisiddu, anantara (phillimOr ೧೯೭೧) avugaLannu enTakke ErisiddAre. mADuga, anubhOgi, karaNa, karma, mUla, guri, Akara mattu samayagaLE avaru sUcisuva enTu sambandhagaLu.
phillimOr avara anantara I viShayadalli halavAru vidvAmsaru carce naDesiddu, avaralli kelavaru I sambandhagaLa paTTiyannu nAlkakke iLisiddAre, mattu bEre kelavaru hattu-hannondara varege ErisiddAre. Adare I viShayadalli ellarU oppuvantaha ondu nirdhArakke baralu I vidvAmsarige innU sAdhyavAgilla, mattu sAdhyavAguva hAge kANisuvudU illa (blEk ೨೦೦೧:೭೦ nODi).
intaha sambandhagaLannu sUcisuvudakkAgi kelavu bhAShegaLu vibhakti pratyayagaLannu baLasuttaveyAdare, bEre kelavu adakkinta bhinnavAgiruva padagaLa anukramadantaha bEre vidhAnagaLannu baLasuttave. vibhakti pratyayagaLannu baLasuva bhAShegaLallU kelavu onderaDu pratyayagaLannu mAtra baLasuttaveyAdare, bEre kelavu naluvattu-ayvattu pratyayagaLannu baLasuttave. I ellA vayvidhyategaLannU gamanadallirisikonDu, avannella vivarisuvudakkAgi eShTu sambandhagaLa avaSyakateyideyembudAgi ondu nirdhArakke barabEkAgide, mattu adannu Adharisi sambandhagaLa paTTiyannu tayArisabEkAgide.
illi ondu mukhya viShayavannu gamanisuva avaSyakateyide. artha embudu padavannu biTTu pUra svatantravAgi nillalAradu. hAgAgi, nAvu kalpisikoLLuva arthada svarUpavannu nAvu baLasuva bhASheyU niyantrisutta 9೫ ellA bhAShegaLigU anvayavAguva hAge ondu niScitavAda svarUpada mattu sankhyeya nAma-kriyA sambandhagaLannu kalpi sikoLLalu sAdhyavAgadiruvudakke arthada mEliruva I nirbandhavE mukhya kAraNa.
illi innondu viShayavannU gamanisuva avaSyakateyide. samskxtada karta, karma, karaNa modalAda kArakagaLu mElininda mEle nODuvAga arthada mEle avalambisiveyendu kANisuttade; Adare, nijakkU avu halavu samskxtadavE Ada vAkyaracaneya niyamagaLa mElU avalambisiddu, nEravAgi bEre bhAShegaLige anvayisalu sAdhyavAguvantaha kalpa negaLE alla.
udAharaNegAgi, mEle ೮.೭.೬ralli sUcisida hAge, samskxtada karta) mattu karma kArakagaLa mUlaka haLegannaDada vAkyaracaneya niyamagaLannu vivarisalu sAdhyavAguvudilla. avakkinta tIra bhinnavAda mADuga mattu AgugagaLemba ghaTakagaLa avaSyakate haLegannaDakkide. Adare, samskxtada vAkyaracaneya niyamagaLannu varNisalu karta mattu karma kArakagaLE yOgyavAdavugaLu.
೮.೮ sArAmSa
haLegannaDadalli vibhakti mattu vacanagaLannu ba bErebe bEre pratyayagaLu sUcisuvuvAda
kAraNa, avaSyavilladalli avannu baLasadiralu sA dhyavide. A Adare, samskxtadalli ave veraDannU avaSa i avna px ondE pratyaya sUci? suvudAda kAraNa, avaSyavilladallU adannu baLasa? sabEkAguttade.
೧೫೮ jakkU haLegannaDa vyAkaraNa entahadu)
haLegannaDadalli vibhakti pratyayagaLigU, avu sUcisuva nAmapada-kriyApada sambandhagaLigU naDuve nEravAda hondANikeyide; Adare, samskxtadalli intaha hondANikeyilla. I kAraNakkAgi, vibhaktigaLa baLakeyannu vivarisalu samskxta vayyAkaraNigaLu kArakagaLemba ghaTakagaLannu kalpisikoLLabEkAgide. haLegannaDakke ivugaLa avaSyakateyilla na
nAmapada-kriyApada sambandhavannu vibhajisuvallU, samskxta mattu haLegannaDagaLa naDuve mukhyavAda vyatyAsagaLive. hAgAgi, kArakagaLemba kalpita ghaTakagaLannu haLegannaDa vyAkaraNadalli baLasuvudiddarU avu samskxtadavakkinta bhinnavAgirabEkAguttade. udAharaNegAgi, karta-karma embavugaLa badalu mADuga-Aguga embavugaLannu baLasuva avaSyakate haLegannaDakkide.
idallade, nAmakriyA sambandhavannu sUcisuvudakkAgi haLegannaDa nAlku pratyayagaLannu mAtra baLasuttade; Adare, samskxta ELu pratyayagaLannu baLasuttade.
samskxta mattu haLegannaDa bhAShegaLa naDuviruva intaha halavu mUlabhUta vyatyAsagaLannu gamanisadudarindAgi, haLegannaDa vayyAkaraNigaLu halavu samasyegaLannedurisabEkAgide.