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adhyAya ೭ — linga mattu vacanagaLu
linga mattu vacanagaLu
೭.೧ pIThike
nAmapadagaLannu vAkyagaLalli baLasuva vidhAnadalli haLegannaDa mattu samskxta bhAShegaLa naDuve halavu vyatyAsagaLive. I vyatyAsagaLigU I eraDu bhAShegaLu baLasuva vyAkaraNada mUlatatvagaLu bEre bEreyAgiruvudE kAraNa embudannu keLagina samIkSheyinda tiLiyabahudu.
nAmapadagaLa baLakege sambandhisidante linga, vacana mattu vibhakti embudAgi mUru vyAkaraNa tatvagaLannu tiLidukoLLuva avaSyakateyide.
(೧) linga embudu nAmapadagaLannu hEge avugaLa baLakege sambandhisidante kelavu mukhya gumpugaLAgi vingaDisalu sAdhya embudannu tiLisuttade;
(೨) vacana embudu nAmapadagaLu sUcisuva vyakti, vastu modalAdavugaLa sankhyeyeShTu embudannu tiLisuttade; mattu
(೩) vibhakti embudu vAkya sUcisuva ghaTane illavE sangatiyalli nAmapadagaLu sUcisuva vyakti, vastu modalAdavugaLa kAryaventahadu embudannu tiLisuttade.
I mUru viShayagaLallU haLegannaDa mattu samskxta bhAShegaLa naDuve halavu vyatyAsagaLive. ivugaLalli linga mattu vacanagaLa baLakeyannu I adhyAyadallU, vibhaktiya baLakeyannu mundina (enTanE) adhyAyadallU vivarisalAgide.
೭.೨ vibhajaneyalli vyatyAsa
nAmapadagaLannu eraDu athavA heccu “linga’gaLalli vingaDisi hELuva krama halavu bhAShegaLalli baLakeyallide. avugaLa artha, avugaLondige baraballa itara padagaLa svarUpa, kriyApadadalli kANisuva rUpavyatyAsagaLu, mattu nAmapadagaLa jAgadalli baruva sarvanAmagaLa svarUpa modalAdavu intaha vibhajanege AdhAravAguttave.
haLegannaDa mattu samskxta bhAShegaLa naDuve nAmapadagaLa vibhajaneyalli halavu mukhya vyatyAsagaLive. haLegannaDa nAmapadagaLa linga vibhajanege avugaLa arthavE AdhAra; Adare, samskxta nAmapadagaLa lingavibhajanege avugaLondige baraballa itara nAmapadagaLa svarUpa adhAravallade artha AdhAravalla.
೭.೨.೧ haLegannaDada lingavibhajane
haLegannaDadalli nAmapadagaLannu pulli ೦ga, stra “linga mattu napumsakalinga embudAgi mUru lingagaLalli vibhajisalAgide. I vibhajanege nAmapadagaLa arthavE mukhya AdhAra. manuShyarannu sUcisuva padagaLalli ganDasarannu sUcisuva padagaLu pulli ೦gadallU ka hengasarannu sUcisuva padagaLu strIlingadallU hancikeyAguttave. uLida (manuShyarannu sUcisada) padagaLella napumsakalingadalli uLiyutta ve.
udAharaNegAgi, ganDasarannu sUcisuva aNNan, arasan, AL, magan, modalAdavu pullingadallive, hengasarannu sUcisuva akkan, tange, arasi modalAdavu stra lingadallive, mattu manuShyarallada prANi, vastu, sangati modalAduvannu sUcisuva eTTu, maran, tOL modalAdavu napumsakalingadallive. I nAmapadagaLondige baruva kriyApadagaLa svarUpa mattu avugaLa badalige baruva sarvanAmagaLa svarUpa I vibhajaneya mEle avalambisiruttade.
aNNa n bandan avan… akkan bandaL avaL… eTTu bandudu adu…
aNNan pada obba ganDasannu sUcisuva kAraNa pullinga, mattu I kAraNakkAgi, adarondige baruva kriyApada an pratyayadalli konegoLLutta de. akkan pada obba hengasannu sUcisuva kAraNa sri linga, mattu I kAraNakkAgi, adarondige baruva kriyApada aL pratyayadalli konegoLLuttade. eTTu embudu ondu prANiyannu (ettannu endare manuShyEtaravannu) sUcisuva kAraNa napumsaka linga, mattu I kAraNakkAgi, adarondige baruva kriyApada udu pratyayadalli konegoLLuttade.
idE rItiyalli, mEle aNNan padada badalige avan sarvanAmavU, akkan padada badalige avaL sarvanAmavU, mattu ellu padada badalige adu sarvanAmavU baLakeyAguvudakke avugaLa naDuve arthadalli kANisuva vyatyAsavE mUla kAraNa.
I rIti, haLegannaDadalli pullinga mattu stra lingagaLa naDuviruva lingabhEda manuShyarannu sUcisuva padagaLalli mAtra kANisuttadeyallade itara padagaLalli kANisuvudilla. udAharaNegAgi, eTTu “ettu’ pada ganDu prANiyannu sUcisuvudAdarU pullingadalliruva badalu napumsakalingadallide (eTTu bandudu); peNNudure pada heNNu prANiyannu sUcisuvudAdarU strIlingadallilla, napumsakalingadallE. ide (peNNudure bandudu).
I mElina niyamagaLige haLegannaDada barahagaLalli kelavE kelavu apavAdagaLu mAtra kANisikoLLuttave. intaha apavAdagaLige kelavu padagaLa baLakeyalli avu sUcisuva prANi illavE vastugaLige manuShyatvada ArOpa illavE manuShyarige prANitvada ArOpavAgiruvudE mukhya kAraNa.
udAharaNegAgi, ravi mUDidam emba baLakeyalli ravi ondu vastu vannu sUcisuvudAdarU, adakke manuShyatvada ArOpavAgiruvudarinda pullinga; toLtu bandudu emba baLakeyalli toLtu obba hengusannu (illavE ganDusannu) sUcisuvudAdarU, tiraskArada arthadalli prANitvada ArOpavAgideyAda kAraNa, napumsaka linga.
೭.೨.೨ samskxtada lingavibhajane
haLegannaDada hAge, samskxtadallU nAmapadagaLannu pullinga, strIlinga mattu napumsakalinga embudAgi mUru lingagaLalli vibhajisalAgide. Adare, samskxtada I vibhajane haLegannaDada vibhajaneginta tIra bhinnavAdudu. yAkendare, adakke haLegannaDada vibhajaneya hAge, nAmapadagaLa arthavannu AdhAravAgi koDalu sAdhyavAguvudilla. nAmapadagaLondige baraballa bEre nAmapadagaLa svarUpadindalEnE avugaLa lingavannu nirdharisabEkAguttade.
udAharaNegAgi, varNa “baNNa ‘ pada samskxtadalli pullingadallide, nav “dONi’ pada stra ೇlingadallide mattu vAsa “baTTe’ pada napumsaka lingadallide. samskxta I padagaLa naDuve I rIti lingabhEdavideyendu hELalu mUru lingagaLallU baraballa Sukla “biLi’, guru “bhAra’ modalAda bEre kelavu nAmapadagaLu ivugaLondige yAva rUpadalli baruttave embudu AdhAravallade I padagaLa artha illavE svarUpa adhAravalla.
(೧ka) SukShaH varNaH “biLi baNNa’ (೧kha) SuklA navH “biLi dONi’ (೧ga) Suklam vAsaH “biLi baTTe’
mEle Sukla pada Sukla; SuklA, mattu Suklam emba mUru lingarUpagaLalli bandiddu, I kAraNakkAgi adarondige bandiruva varNa, nav mattu vAsa nAmapadagaLu mUru “linga’gaLalli (anukramavAgi pullinga, strIlinga mattu napumsaka lingagaLalli) iveyendu hELabEkAgide.
idallade, nAmapadagaLa lingavannanusarisi avakke bEre bEre rItiya vibhakti- vacanarUpagaLu kANisikoLLuttave. udAharaNegAgi, txtIyA Ekavacanadalli pullingada agni padakke agninA rUpavideyAdare, strI lingada mati padakke matyA rUpavide; saptami-Ekavacanadalli pullingada agni padakke agnav rUpavideyAdare, napumsaka lingada vAri padakke vAriNi rUpavide.
samskxtadalli haLegannaDada hAge nAmapadagaLa lingabhEdavannu kriyArUpagaLalli sUcisuva krama illa. nAmapadagaLu bEre bEre lingagaLalli bandarU kriyApada
ondE rUpadalliruttade.
samskxta haLegannaDa
tatra rAmaH asti alli rAman irpan tatra sItA asti alli sIte irpaL tatra gxham asti alli mane irpudu
mEle koTTiruva udAharaNeyalli haLegannaDada iru kriyApada nAmapadada lingabhEdavannanusarisi, irpan, irpaL mattu irpudu emba mUru rUpagaLalli bandide; Adare, samskxtada as kriyApada I mUru sandarbhagaLallU asti emba ondE rUpadalli bandide.
sarvanAmagaLu mAtra samskxtadallU lingabhEdavannu sUcisuttave (keLage koTTiruva (೨ka) nODi). haLegannaDada sarvanAmagaLalli pum-strI lingabhEda bahuvacanadalli illavAguttade; Adare, samskxtadalli dvivacana-bahuvacanagaLallU mUru vidhada lingabhEda (kelavu apavAdagaLannu biTTare) uLidiruttade.
(೨ka) samskxta:
Ekavacana dvivacana bahuvacana “avanu’ saH tav tE “avaLu’ sA tE tAH “adu’ tat tE tAni (೨kha) haLegannaDa: Ekavacana bahuvacana “avanu’ avan avar “avaLu’ avaL avar “adu’ adu avu
hecci na sandarbhagaLallU, samskxtadalli nAmapadavondara linga yAvudembudannu adara arthada adhArada mEle gurutisalu sAdhyavAgadu. yAkendare, ondE arthaviruva padagaLu bEre bEre lingagaLalli baraballuvu. udAharaNegAgi, “henDati’ emba arthaviruva padagaLalli dAra pada pullingadallide (I pada yAvAgalU bahuvacana rUpadalli (dArAH embudAgi) baruttade), patnI pada stra lingadallide, mattu kalatra pada napumsakalingadallide.
padagaLa koneya varNa yAvudembudarindalU avugaLa linga yAvudembudannu nirdharisalu heccineDegaLallU sAdhyavAgadu. I, U mattu AgaLalli konegoLLuva padagaLalli heccinavU sra ೇlingadalliruttave, mattu akAradalli konegoLLuva pada “lingavAgalAradu embantaha kelavE kelavu niyamagaLu mAtra idakke
(೬
apavAdagaLAgaballuvu (Adare, intaha niyamagaLigU apavAdagaLive. udAharaNegAgi, sEnAnI pada IkAradalli konegoLLuvudAdarU pullingadallide).
intaha niyamagaLalli kelavakke samskxtada padaracaneyalli vivaraNeyannu kANabahudu. udAharaNegAgi, samskxtada halavu nAmapadagaLige I illavE A pratyayagaLannu sErisuvudara mUlaka avugaLa strIlinga rUpavannu sAdhisalu sAdhyavide (bAla-bAlA, Siva-SivA, dEva-dEvI, ityAdi).
nirjIvigaLAda vastu, viShaya modalAdavugaLannu sUcisuva padagaLallU samskxtadalli lingabhEda kANisuttade. udAharaNegAgi, pavana, pAda, vAyu modalAda padagaLu pullingadallive, nav, nadI, vibhakti, mati, modalAda padagaLu stra ೇlingadallive, mattu hxdaya, madhu, jagat modalAda padagaLu napumsakalingadallive.
I rIti, heccina sandarbhagaLallU samskxta padagaLa linga yAvudembudannu avugaLa arthadinda illavE svarUpadinda nirdharisalu sAdhyavAguvudilla. hAgAgi, A bhASheya arthakOSagaLalli pratiyondu nAmapadada mundeyU adara linga yAvudembudannu sUcisuva avaSyakateyide.
idallade, samskxtada nAmapadagaLannu (ka) yAvAgalU ondE lingadalli baraballa nAmapadagaLu mattu (kha) sandarbhakkanusAravAgi eraDu illavE mUru lingagaLallondannu ArisikoLLaballa nAmapadagaLu embudAgiyU vingaDisuva avaSyakateyide. illU padagaLa arthakkintalU, avugaLondige baruva itara padagaLa lingavE AdhAravAgiruttade.
hAgAgi, samskxtada arthakOSagaLalli nAmapadavondu ondE lingadalli baruvantahadO, illavE eraDu athavA mUru lingagaLalli baruvantahadO embudannU spaShTavAgi sUcisuva avaSyakateyide, mattu arthakOSagaLalli hAge sUcisalAguttade. udAharaNegAgi, keLage koTTiruva nAmapadagaLannu gamanisabahudu:
(ka) yAvAgalU ondE lingadalli baruva padagaLu
(೩ka) pullinga: pitx, tilaka, dhI, taDi “ETu’, cOla “ravike’, tarka, timingila, tiraskAra, Atman, nidhi, ityAdi.
(೩kha) strIlinga: mAtx, nadI, nav, SrI, lipi, nidrA, mahAnavamI, carcA, a kAdambarI, ityAdi.
(೩ga) napumsakalinga: hxdaya, citra, tAmbUla, madhu, asmi, yakxt, brahman, ityAdi.
(kha) eraDu athavA mUru lingagaLalli baraballa padagaLu
(೪ka) pum-strI: tithi, vajra, kIla “kIlu’, kuTa “mane’, ityAdi.
(೪kha) pum-napumsaka: kartx, tanDula, mOdaka, mUla, kaShAya, kirITa, kuTumba, abhraka, ityAdi.
Si
(೪ga) smI-napumsaka: avci pa SAla(lA), nxsEna(nA), ityAdi. (೪gha) pum-strI-napumsaka: Suci, guru, nitya, nidrita, prakASaka, pa iP: ya,
haLegannaDadalli nAmapadagaLa lingabhEda hecci neDegaLallU avugaLa arthada mEle avalambisideyAda kAraNa, A bhASheya arthakOSagaLalli nAmapadagaLa lingavannu sUcisuva avaSyakateyilla. samskxtadinda eravalAgi paDeda padagaLU I niyamakke oLapaDuva Ke avugaLa lingavannU haLegannaDada arthakOSagaLalli tiLisabEkAgilla. haLegannaDa mattu samskxtagaLalli baLakeyAguva lingabhEdagaLu I rIti eraDu tIra bhinnavAda vyAkaraNa tatvagaLannu avalambisive. lingabhEdavannu sUcisuvalli haLegannaDakkU samskxtakkU naDuviruva innondu mukhyavAda vyatyAsavannu keLage ೭.೩.೧ralli vivarisalAgide: samskxtadalli pum-strI- napumsaka lingabhEda ellA vacanagaLallU kANisikoLLutta de; Adare, haLeganna Dadalli idu Ekavacanadalli mAtra kANisikoLLutte ca bahuvacanadalli pa pum-stri Te aLidu hOgi, manuShya-manuShyEtara bhEda mAtra uLidukoLLutta de.
pa೫ ೩ haLegannaDa vayyAkaraNigaLa samasyegaLu
haLegannaDa mattu samskxta bhAShegaLu I rIti lingabhEdavannu tOrisuvalli tIra bhinnavAda vyAkaraNa tatvagaLannu baLasiruva kAraNa, samskxtada vayyAkaraNigaLu A bhASheya linga vyavasthe yakuritu hELiruvudannu hAgeyE haLegannaDakkU aLavaDisikoLLalu sAdhyavAgadu. haLegannaDada prAcIna vayyAkaraNigaLu hIge mADalu hOgi, anavaSyakavAgi haLegannaDada lingabhEda bahaLa kliShTavAdudendu anisuva hAge mADiddA re.
udAharaNegAgi, kESirAjanu haLegannaDadalli ombattu rItiya lingagaLiveyendu hELuttAne (sU. ೯೮). nijakkU mUriruvudu ombattu hEgAguttade? idakkAgi Ata haLegannaDa padagaLa baLakeyalli kANisuva halavu guNadharmagaLannu oTTu sErisalu prayatnisi doDDadondu kalasumElOgaravannE mADihAkiddAne.
(೧) kelavu manuShyEtara padagaLige manuShyatvavannu ArOpisalu sAdhyaviddu, avu napumsaka lingadalli baLakeyAguva badalu pullingadalli baLakeyAgaballuvu (ravi mUDidam, ravi mUDidudu; kAmaneccam, kAmam percidudu). ivannu “punnapumsaka’gaLendu kareyalAgide. idE rItiyalli, siri pada strIlinga mattu napumsakalingagaLeraDarallU baLakeyAgalu sAdhyaviddu (siriyolvaLe, siriyondAgadoDam) “strI napumsaka’kke udAharaNeyAgaballudu.
(೨) kelavu hengasarannu sUcisuva padagaLige vastutva illavE prANitvavannu ArOpisalu sAdhyaviddu, avu napumsaka lingadalli baLakeyAgaballuvAgiddu,
pumsakalingakke udAharaNegaLAguttave (A peN jANe, A peN bandudu).
intaha padagaLu ganDasannAgali illavE hengasannAgali sUcisuvantahavAdare, trilingakke udAharaNegaLAgaballuvu (SiSu, kUsu, page). punnapumsakakkU intaha udAharaNegaLiralu sAdhyavide.
(೩) kelavu padagaLu sandarbhakkanusAravAgi (yAva pratyayavannU sErisade), ganDasannAgali illavE hengasannAgali sUcisaballuvu (ivam dEvara toTTu, idu dEvara tollu). ivu pumsti lingakke udAharaNegaLAguttave.
(೪) ivar, avar mattu uvar sarvanAmagaLu bahuvacanadalliddu pum- strI lingabhEdavannu sUcisuvudilla. I kAraNakkAgi, ivannu pumsTrIlingakke udAharaNegaLannAgi koDalAgide.
(೫) lingabhEdavannE tOrisadiruva An, nIn mattu tAn sarvanAmagaLannu trilingakke udAharaNegaLannAgi koDalAgide.
(೬) vAcyalinga illavE viSEShyAdhInalingakke koTTiruva udAharaNegaLalli eraDu rItiya padagaLannu, keLage vivarisida hAge, oTTige sErisi hELalAgide:
(ka) nEridan, nEridaL, nEritu, avan, avaL, iniyam, iniyaL modalAdavugaLu avugaLalli baruva lingasUcaka pratyayagaLa mUlaka spaShTavAgi avugaLa lingavEnembudannu sUcisuttave.
(kha) An, nIn modalAda sarvanAmagaLu, kelavu bahuvrIhi padagaLu (vimalamati), kelavu taddita padagaLu (OdALi) mattu sankhyegaLu (sAsira) I rIti pratyayagaLa mUlaka lingabhEdavannu sUcisuvudilla. (I eraDu rItiya nAmapadagaLannU viSEShyAdhIna lingakke udAharaNegaLannAgi koDalAgide.)
(೭) bhOkane, ceccaram, mige, matte modalAduvannu avyaya lingakke udAharaNegaLannAgi koDalAgide.
kESirAjanu illi halavu tappugaLannu mADiddAne. avugaLalli mukhyavAda kelavannu keLage sUcisalAgide.
(೧) pullingada kAmam pada napumsakalingada kAmam padada hAgeyE kANisuvudarinda, kAmam padavannu punnapumsaka padavendu karediddAne; Adare, nijakkU avugaLalli modalaneyadu nakAradalli konegoLLutta de, mattu eraDaneyadu makAradalli konegoLLuttave; kESirAjanE koTTiruva ivugaLa caturthI rUpagaLu (kAmange, kAmakke) idannu spaShTapaDisuttave.
(೨) avar, ivar, uvar emba sarvanAmagaLa bahuvacana rUpagaLannu pumsTrIlingakke udAharaNegaLannAgi koDalAgide. hAgiddare, bahuvacana rUpagaLu Ekavacana rUpakkinta bhinnavAda linga (nAmaprakxti)gaLE? I sarvanAmagaLu mAtravallade,
guNavacana (iniyar), bahuvrIhi (kusikoralar), kxdanta (pADidar) modalAdavugaLU I rIti bahuvacanadalli pumsci € bhEdavannu kaLedukoLLuvuvAda kAraNa, avugaLa bahuvacana rUpagaLU Ekavacana rUpakkinta bhinnavAda linga (nAmaprakxti)gaLendu hELabEkE? (೬.೨.೨.(೬) nODi).
Adare, pumsTrI lingabhEdavannu uLisikoLLuva puruShar, strIyar, penDir modalAduvannu I rIti EkavacanarUpakkinta bhinnavAda lingagaLendu parigaNisida hAgilla. dEvate pada stra € lingadalli baraballudembudannu sUcisalu dEvateyar emba bahuvacana rUpavannU, napumsaka lingadalli baraballudembudannu sUcisalu dEvategaL emba bahuvacana rUpavannU udAharaNegaLannAgi koDalAgide.
(೩) sarvanAmagaLAda An, nIn, tAn embavannu trilingakkU udAharaNegaLannAgi koDalAgide, mattu vAcya (viSEShyAdhIna)lingakkU udAharaNegaLannAgi koDalAgide. illi vAcyalingakkU trilingakkU Enu vyatyAsa embudu spaShTavAgilla.
(೪) haLegannaDada maTTige vAcyalinga mattu viSEShyAdhInalinga embavugaLu bEre bEre endu hELi mEle (೬ka-kha)gaLa naDuve kANisuva vyatyAsavannu I vyatyAsavendu parigaNisabahudAgittu. Adare, samskxtadalli intaha vyatyAsavilla embudE hIge mADadiralu kAraNavirabEku.
(೫) mEle (೭.೨.೨)ralli vivarisida hAge, samskxtadalli nAmapadagaLa lingavEnembudu hecci neDegaLallU avugaLa arthada mEle avalambisillavAda kAraNa, avannu mUrakkinta jAsti lingagaLalli vibhajisuva avaSyakateyide. pumsti ೇ, punnapumsaka, stra napumsaka, trilinga modalAda kalpanegaLu samskxta padagaLa lingavannu vivarisuvalli sahAyakavAgaballuvu. Adare, kannaDadalli lingabhEda padagaLa arthavannavalambisideyAda kAraNa, intaha kalpanegaLa avaSyakate kannaDakkilla.
bahuSaH idannu gamanisiyE kESirAjanu tanna dIrphavAda lingavivakSheya koneyalli (sU. ೧೦೧) pullinga, stra “linga mattu napumsaka lingagaLemba mUrannu biTTu uLida Aru lingagaLu kannaDadalliddarU “parivartisuvudilla’ endu hELiddAne!
೭.೩ vacanada sUcane
nAmapadagaLu gurutisuva vyakti, vastu modalAdavugaLa sankhyeyannu sUcisuvudakkAgi avugaLondige “vacana’pratyayavannu sErisalAguttade. udAharaNegAgi, pulle pada ondu prANi(jinke)yannu sUcisuttade, mattu A padakke gaL vacana pratyayavannu sErisi racisiruva pullegaL padarUpa ondakkinta jAsti prANi(jinke)gaLannu sUcisuttade.
vacana pratyaya I rIti vyakti, vastu modalAdavugaLa sankhyeyannu bahaLa cuTukAgi sUcisuttade; adannE heccu vivaravAgi tiLisabEkiddalli, nAmapadagaLondige
eNikeya padagaLannu baLasabahudu. udAharaNegAgi, haLegannaDada pullegaL padarUpadalli bandiruva gaL pratyaya “ondakkinta jAsti (jinkegaLu) endiShTE sUcisuttade. idakkinta heccina vivara bEkiddalli, eraDu pullegaL, aydu pullegaL embantaha padakantegaLannu baLasabEkAguttade.
೭.೩.೧ vyatyAsagaLu
haLegannaDa mattu samskxta bhAShegaLa naDuve vacana pratyayagaLa mUlaka vyakti, vastu modalAdavugaLa sankhyeyannu sUcisuvalli kANisuva mukhyavAda kelavu vyatyAsagaLannu keLage koDalAgide. (೧) haLegannaDadalli ondu mattu ondakkinta heccu embudAgi Ekavacana- bahuvacana bhEda mAtra kANisuttadeyAdare, samskxtadalli ondu, eraDu mattu eraDakkinta heccu embudAgi Ekavacana-dvivacana-bahuvacana bhEda kANisuttade.
haLegannaDada vacana rUpagaLu (೫5) ondu pulle “ondu jinke’ (೫kha) eraDu pullegaL eraDu jinkegaLu’ (೫ga) mUju pullegaL “mUru jinkegaLu’
samskxtada vacana rUpagaLu
(೬ka) EkaH pustakaH “ondu pustaka’ (೬kha) dvav pustakav “eraDu pustakagaLu’ (೬ga) trayaH pustakAH “mUru pustakagaLu’
haLegannaDada (೫ga)dalli mAtravallade (೫kha)dallU pullegaL emba bahuvacana rUpavE bandide; Adare, samskxtada (೬kha)dalli dvivacanada pustakav rUpavU, (೬ga)dalli bahuvacanada pustakAH rUpavU bandive. haLegannaDada nAmapadagaLige, samskxtada nAmapadagaLa hAge, bahuvacanakkinta bhinnavAda dvivacanavemba rUpavilla.
(೨) samskxtadalli vacana mattu vibhakti iveraDannU ondE pratyaya sUcisuttade; Adare, haLegannaDadalli iveraDannu sUcisalu bEre bEre pratyayagaLive.
udAharaNegAgi, samskxtadalli nadIbhiH “nadigaLinda’ padarUpadalli bandiruva bhiH pratyaya bahuvacana mattu txtIyA vibhakti iveraDannU sUcisuttade, mattu nadIShu “nadigaLalli’ padarUpadalli bandiruva Shu pratyaya bahuvacana mattu saptamI vibhakti iveraDannU sUcisuttade. kannaDada nadigaLinda mattu nadigaLalli emba nAmapadarUpagaLalli kANisuva
ge] inda mattu alli vibhakti pratyayagaLannu gaLu vacana pratyayadinda pratyEkisalu sAdhyaviruva
dam ₹ೌ
hAge, samskxtada nadIbhiH mattu nadIShu nAmapadarUpagaLalli kANisuva bhiH mattu Shu pratyayagaLalli vibhakti pratyayagaLannu vacana pratyayadinda pratyEkisalu sAdhyavAgadu.
hosagannaDada hAge, haLegannaDadallU vacana mattu vibhakti pratyayagaLu bEre bErAgive. udAharaNegAgi, arasarim padarUpadalli ar pratyaya bahuvacanavannu sUcisuttade, mattu adakkinta bhinnavAgiruva im pratyaya txtIyA vibhaktiyannu sUcisuttade. idE rItiyalli, arasarge padarUpadalli adE ar pratyaya bahuvacanavannu sUcisuttade, mattu adakkinta bhinnavAgiruva ge pratyaya caturthi vibhaktiyannu sUcisutta de.
(೩) samskxtadalli dvivacana mattu bahuvacanagaLannu mAtravalla de, Ekavacanavannu sUcisuvudakkAgiyU nAmapadagaLondige pratyayagaLannu baLasalAgutta de. A bhASheyalli vacana mattu vibhaktigaLeraDannU ondE pratyaya sUcisuttiruvudE idakke kAraNa.
udAharaNegAgi, girA “mAtininda’ emba nAmapadarUpadalli gir nAmapadakke Ekavacana mattu txtIyA vibhaktigaLeraDannU sUcisuva A pratyayavannu sErisalAgide. I pratyayakkU, gIrbhiH “mAtugaLinda’ emba rUpadalli bahuvacana mattu txtIyA vibhaktigaLannu sUcisuva bhiH (bhis) pratyayakkU naDuve rUpadalli yAva sAmyavU illa. hAgAgi, ivugaLalli vacana pratyayavannu vibhakti pratyayagaLinda bErpaDisalu sAdhyavAgadu.
haLegannaDadalli bahuvacanavannu sUcisuvudakkAgi ondu viSiShTavAda pratyayavide; Adare, Ekavacanavannu sUcisuvudakkAgi pratyayavilla. nAmapadavannu hAgeyE baLasidAgalella Ekavacanada artha baruttade. haLegannaDadalli vacana mattu vibhaktigaLannu bEre bEre pratyayagaLa mUlaka sUcisuttiruvudE I rIti eraDu vacanagaLalli ondannu pratyayada sahAyavilladeyE sUcisalu sAdhyavAguttiruvudakke kAraNa.
navilin mattu navillaLin emba txtIyA vibhakti rUpagaLannu mEle koTTiruva samskxta padagaLa rUpagaLondige hOlisi nODidAga I viShaya spaShTavAguttade. navilin embudaralli in vibhakti pratyayavide, Adare vacana pratyayavilla. navillaLin embudaralli in vibhakti pratyaya mAtravallade gaL vacana pratyayavU ide.
(೪) haLegannaDadalli kelavu nAmapadagaLondige linga-vacanagaLannu sUcisuvudakkAgi pratyayavondannu sErisalAguttade; magan, aNNan, orvan modalAda intaha padarUpagaLu mAtra mElina niyamakke apavAdagaLAgiruttave. yAkendare, I padarUpagaLalli baLakeyAguva pratyayagaLu vacana mattu lingagaLeraDannU sUcisuttiruvudE idakke kAraNa. udAharaNegAgi, baDavan mattu baDavaL padagaLalli bandiruva an mattu AL pra tyayagaLu pum-stra bhEdavannu mAtravalla jya EkavacanavannU sUcisuttaveyendu hELalu sAdhyavide.
Adare, intaha sandarbhagaLallU vacana pratyaya vibhakti pratyayakkinta bhinnavAgiruttade. adu lingadondige sEruttade; Adare, vibhaktiginta bhinnavAgi uLiyuttade. udAharaNegAgi, baDavanne embudaralli an pratyaya pullinga mattu EkavacanagaLannu
sUcisuttade, mattu ge pratyaya vibhaktiyannu sUcisuttade; idE rItiyalli, baDavaLge embudaralli aL pratyaya stra linga mattu EkavacanagaLannu sUcisuttade, mattu ge pratyaya vibhaktiyannu sUcisuttade.
(೫) haLegannaDadalli lingabhEdavannu sUcisuva pratyayagaLiruva padagaLu bahuvacanadalli pum-stri € bhEdavannu sUcisuvudilla. baDavan mattu baDavaL embaveraDakkU bahuvacanadalli baDavar emba ondE rUpavide. ivu bahuvacanadalli manuShya-manuShyEtara bhEdavannaShTE sUcisaballuvu.
itara nAmapadagaLa baLakeyallU bahuvacanadalli pum-sTrI bhEda sUcitavAguvudillavendu hELalu sAdhyavide. yAkendare, avugaLondige baruva kriyArUpagaLallAgali, illavE avugaLa badalige baruva sarvanAmagaLallAgali pum- strI bhEda kANisuvudilla.
(೭ka) muni bandan munigaL bandar (೭kha) tAy bandaL tAyga L bandar
Adare, samskxtada lingabhEda I rIti nAmapadada vacanabhEdada mEle avalambitavAgiruvudilla. udAharaNegAgi, kAnta pada pullinga-Ekavacanadalli kAntaH emba rUpadallU, strI €linga-Ekavacanadalli kAntA emba rUpadallU baruttiddu, dvivacanadalli kAntav (pullinga) mattu kAntE (stri linga) embudAgi rUpabhEdavannu tOrisuttade.
(೬) Adare, keLage ೮.೩ralli vivarisiruva hAge, samskxtada nAmapadagaLalli kANisuva vibhakti-vacanarUpagaLu halaveDegaLalli vyatyAsagaLannu tOrisadiruttave. udAharaNegAgi, pati padakke txtIyA-caturthi-pancamigaLalli patibhyAm emba ondE dvivacanada rUpavide. intaha rUpasAmya vibhaktigaLa naDuve mAtravalla de linga mattu vacanagaLa naDuveyU kANisikoLLutta de.
udAharaNegAgi, pullingada agni mattu stra “lingada mati padagaLige txtIyA- Ekavacanadalli agninA mattu matyA emba rUpagaLiddu, avugaLalli kANisuva vibhakti- vacana pratyayagaLu nA mattu yA emba bEre bEre rUpagaLallive; Adare, txtIyA- dvivacanadalli ivakke agnibhyAm mattu matibhyAm emba rUpagaLiddu, avugaLa anantara baruva vibhakti-vacana pratyaya bhyAm emba ondE rUpadallide.
samskxtadalli intaha rUpasAmyagaLannu mEle koTTiruva sAmAnya niyamakke apavAdagaLendu parigaNisalu sAdhyavide; Adare, haLegannaDadalli pum-sTrI lingabhEda bahuvacanadallilladiruvudu adara vyAkaraNa niyamadallEnE kANisuva ondu vaySiShTyavallade apavAdavalla.
(೭) vacanavannu sUcisuva pratyayagaLa baLakeyalli haLegannaDa mattu samskxta
bhAShegaLa naDuviruva innondu mukhyavAda vyatyAsavEnendare, napumsakalingadalliruva ondu nAmapada sUcisuva vastu, viShaya modalAdavugaLa sankhyeyannu adarondige bandiruva eNikeya pada sUcisuttideyAdare, A nAmapadadondige haLegannaDadalli vacana pratyayavannu baLasadiralU sAdhyavide. udAharaNegAgi, pampabhAratada keLagina vAkyagaLannu gamanisabahudu:
(೮ka) eraDu agamam iLipantAdudu “eraDu beTTagaLannu iLisidantAyitu’
(೮kha) padinenTu dharmaSAstrangaLoLam nAlku vEdadoLam AangadoLam aydu teada mantrangaLoLam Ajum darSanadoLam…. “hadinenTu dharmaSAstra gaLalliyU, nAlku vEdagaLalliyU, Aru angagaLallimSU, aydu rItimya mantragaLallimyU, Aru darSanagaLalliyU…
(೮ka)dalli beTTada sankhyeyannu eraDu emba eNikeya pada sUcisuva kAraNa, aga “beTTa’ padadondige bahuvacana pratyaya baLakeyAgilla.
I rIti, napumsaka lingadalli vacana pratyayavannu baLasadeyU irabahudu, illavE bEkiddalli baLasalU sAdhya emba viShaya mEle (೮kha)dalli innaShTu spa ShTavAgide. alli koTTiruva aydu nAmapadagaLondigU eNikeya padagaLannu baLasalAgide, mattu I kAraNakkAgi, vEda, anga mattu darSana padagaLondige bahuvacana pratyayavannu baLasilla; Adare dharmaSAstra mattu mantra padagaLondige eNikeya pada mAtravallade vacana pratyayavU bandide.
samskxtadalli vacana mattu vibhaktigaLeraDannU ondE pratyaya sUcisuvudAda kAraNa (೭.೩.೧ (೨) nODi), A bhASheyalli I rIti nAmapadagaLondige vacana pratyayavannu baLasadiralu sAdhyavAgadu. avugaLondige eNikeya padagaLu bandiddarU baradiddarU avugaLa koneyalli baruva vibhakti pratyaya sariyAda vacanadallE irabEku. idallade, samskxtadalli eNikeya padagaLU nAmapadagaLAgiddu, avu sUcisuva vacanavannu A padagaLa koneyalli baruva vibhakti pratyayagaLa mUlakavU sUcisabEkAguttade.
(೯ka) EkaH vxkcaH apatat “ondu mara bittu’
(೯kha) dvav vxkShe apatatAm “eraDu maragaLu bidduvu’
(೯ga) trINi vxkShAni apatan “mUru maragaLu bidduvu’
(೯ka-ga) vAkyagaLalli vxkSha pada mAtravallade, adarondige bandiruva eNikeya padagaLU A padada vacanavannu sUcisuttive.
೭.೩.೨ haLegannaDa vayyAkaraNigaLa samasyegaLu
kESirAjanE modalAda prAcIna vidvAmsaru samskxtada hAge haLegannaDadallU mUru vacanagaLiveyendu hELiruvudu samskxtada vyAkaraNa niyamavannu kannaDakke hAgeyE anvayisuva prayatnavallade bErEnalla. nijakkU dvivacanavannu sUcisalu haLegannaDadalli bahuvacanada pratyayakkinta bhinnavAda bEre pratyayavilla. idannu gamanisiyU (kESirAja sU. ೧೦೫ nODi) I vidvAmsaru haLegannaDada mEle dvivacanavannu hEralu prayatnisiddAre. dvivacanakke udAharaNegaLAgi kESirAjanu koDuva bhImArjunar, rAmalakShmaNar modalAda baLakegaLallU bahuvacanada ar pratyayavE kANisuttade.
samskxtadalli vacana mattu vibhaktigaLeraDannU ondE pratyaya sUcisuttideyAda kAraNa, adakke kriyApada mattu nAmapadagaLa naDuvina sambandhavannu sUcisadiruvantaha “prathamA’ vibhakti pratyayada avaSyakateyide (೮.೨ nODi). Adare, haLegannaDadalli vacana mattu vibhaktigaLannu bEre bEre pratyayagaLu sUcisuttiveyAda kAraNa, adakke I avaSyakateyilla. hIgiddarU, haLegannaDada prAcIna vayyAkaraNigaLu prathameyannu sxShTisi adakkondu pratyayavannu odagisikoDuva prayatna naDesiddAre.
udAharaNegAgi, kESirAjana matadante, am embudaralli konegoLLuva padagaLannella akAradalli konegoLLuva prakxti(linga)gaLendu parigaNisabEku, mattu avugaLa koneyalli baruva sonneyannu prathamA vibhakti pratyayavendu parigaNisabEku (sU. ೧೦೩).
samskxtadalli akAradalli konegoLLuva kAnta, Siva, dEva, aSva modalAda nAmapadagaLige Ekavacanadalli kANisuva visargavannu prathamA vibhakti yendu kareyalAgide. idannE anusarisi, kESirAjanE modalAdavaru haLegannaDadallU akArAnta padagaLige prathamA vibhakti pratyayavAgi sonne sEruttadeyendu hELirabEku.
Adare, illi tondareyEnendare, samskxtada visarga akArAnta padagaLa prathamA vibhaktirUpadalli mAtra kANisikoLLuttade; itara vibhakti rUpagaLalli adu kANisuvudilla. udAharaNegAgi, kAnta padakke prathamA vibhaktiyalli kAntaH emba rUpaviddu idaralli visarga bandide; Adare, kAntam, kAntEna, kAntAya, kAntasya modalAda itara vibhakti rUpagaLalli I visarga kANisuvudilla.
haLegannaDada sonne prathamA vibhaktiyalli mAtravallade vyanjanadalli suruvAguva ge vibhakti pratyayadondigU (pullinga mattu strIlingada padagaLalli) kANisikoLLuttade (arasam-arasange, akkam-akkange). itara svaradalli suruvAguva vibhakti pratyayagaLondigU idu nakAra illavE makArada rUpadalli kANisikoLLuttade (arasam-arasanan, akkam-
akkanan, maram-maranan, paLLam-paLLamam).
“prathamA vibhaktiyallU I padagaLa anantara “mattu’ embarthavannu koDuva (mattu svaradalli suruvAguva) um pratyaya sEridAga, sonneya badalu nakAra illavE makAra kANisikoLLuttade (arasam-arasanum, akkam-akkanum, paLLam-paLLamum) embudarinda I nakAra mattu makAragaLu sonnege sambandhisiduvemba viShaya spaShTavAguttade.
kiTTel (೧೯೦೩:೪೧) avara abhiprAyadante maram, aNNam modalAdavugaLa koneyalli baruva sonne (illavE n athavA m) embudannu mAtravallade, eTTu, kUsu modalAdavugaLa koneyalli baruva ukAra (kiTTel ೧೯೦೩:೫೮), puli, karaDi modalAdavugaLa koneyalli baruva ikAra (kiTTel ೧೯೦೩:೬೭) ityAdigaLannU prathamA vibhakti pratyayavendu parigaNisalu sAdhyavide. idE rItiyalli, I nAmapadagaLa bahuvacana rUpadalli avugaLa jAgadalli (athavA avugaLa anantara) baruva gaL, ೦gaL, ar modalAduvannU prathamA vibhakti pratyayavendu parigaNisalu sAdhyavide (kiTTel ೧೯೦೩:೫೧).
kiTTelara I abhiprAyakke bahuSaH samskxtada sambandhigaLAda lyATin, grIk modalAda bhAShegaLalli baLakeyalliruva vyAkaraNa tatva kAraNavirabahudu. I bhAShegaLallU samskxtada hAge vibhakti mattu vacanagaLeraDannU ondE pratyaya sUcisuttade. udAharaNegAgi, keLage koTTiruva lyATin bhASheya vir “manuShya’ mattu dOnum “dAna, koDuge’ padagaLige dvitIyA mattu caturthI vibhaktigaLalliruva padarUpagaLannu gamanisabahudu:
Ekavacana bahuvacana virum “manuShyanannu’ virOs manuShyarannu’ virO “manuShyanige’ virIs “manuShyarige’
dOnum “dAnavannu’ dOna “dAnagaLannu’ dOnO “dAnakke’ dOnIs “dAnagaLige’
vir “manuShya’ padada anantara Ekavacanadalli baruva dvitIyA vibhaktiya um pratyayakkU, bahuvacanadalli baruva adE vibhaktiya Os pratyayakkU naDuve yAva sAmyavU illa. hAgAgi, I padarUpagaLalli vibhakti pratyayavannu vacana pratyayadinda pratyEkisalu sAdhyavAgadu. mEle koTTiruva itara padarUpagaLallU hIgeyE.
lyATin mattu samskxtagaLeraDakkU inDO-yurOpiyan emba ondE mUlaviruvudE I rIti averaDU vibhakti mattu vacanagaLannu ondE rItiyalli (ondE pratyayada mUlaka) sUcisuttiralu kAraNa. haLegannaDakke inDO-
yurOpiyanginta tIra bhinnavAgiruva drAviDa mUlavideyAda kAraNa, adaralli vibhakti mattu vacanagaLannu sUcisalu idakkinta tIra bhinnavAda, eraDu bEre bEre pratyayagaLannu baLasuva vidhAna baLakeyallide.
೭.೪ sArAmSa
haLegannaDa nAmapadagaLa lingabhEda nEravAgi avugaLa arthada mEle avalambiside. Adare, samskxta nAmapadagaLa lingabhEda arthakkintalU rUDhiyalli I nAmapadagaLige entaha baLakeyide embudannavalambiside. intaha baLakegaLige nAmapadagaLa caritreyalli mUlavannu huDukalu sAdhyavideyAdarU, samskxtada vyAkaraNadalli avannu vivarisuvantaha niyamagaLannu arthada AdhArada mEle tayArisalu sAdhyavAguvudilla.
haLegannaDadalli vacanabhEdavannu sUcisuva pratyaya vibhaktigaLannu sUcisuva pratyayakkinta bhinnavAdudu. Adare, samskxtadalli iveraDannU ondE pratyaya sUcisutta de. I kAraNakkAgi, haLegannaDadalli vacana mattu vibhakti pratyayagaLannu avaSyaviruvalli mAtra baLasidare sAku. Adare, samskxtadalli vibhakti-vacana pratyayagaLannu ellA sandarbhagaLallU (avaSyaviruvallU mattu illadallU) nAmapadagaLannu baLasuvAgalella baLasabEkAguttade.
haLegannaDa mattu samskxta bhAShegaLa naDuve linga mattu vacanagaLannu sUcisuvalli kanDubaruva I mUlabhUtavAda vyatyAsagaLannu gamanisadudarindAgi, haLegannaDada vayyAkaraNigaLu anavaSyakavAgi halavAru gondalagaLigeDeyAgiddAre.