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adhyAya ೧೦ — vAkyagaLa jODaNe
vAkyagaLa jODaNe
೧೦.೧ pIThike
arthadalli ondakkondu sambandhisiruva eraDu athavA jAsti vAkyagaLannu oTTu sErisi ondE vAkyavannAgi mADi hELalu bhAShegaLalli halavu rItiya vidhAnagaLu baLakeyalliruttave. I viShayadallU haLegannaDa mattu samskxta bhAShegaLa naDuve kelavu mukhyavAda vyatyAsagaLive.
vAkyagaLannu jODisuvudakkAgi padagaLannu baLasabahudu, illavE pratyayagaLannu baLasabahudu. udAharaNegAgi, “athavA’ emba arthavannu koDalu haLegannaDadalli mEN padavannu baLasalAguttade.
(೧ka) bALa dinESa bimbada nebal jaladoL nelesitto mEN phaNIndrALayadindamurcida phaNAmaNi mangaLa raSmi yO (೧.೯೬) “bAlasUryamanDalada neLalu nIralli nelesideyO athavA nAgalOkadinda bhEdisikonDu banda heDevaNigaLa mangaLa kiraNagaLO’
Adare, “mattu’ embarthavannu koDalu um (am) pratyayavannu baLasalAguttade.
a v
penDatiyappannaLorva magaLumam paDedilladiren (೨.೪೬ va) “ninnannu kollu vantaha obba maganannU mattu vikramArjunanige henDatiyAguvantaha obba magaLannU paDeyadiruvudilla’
(೧kha) ninnam kollannanorva muganumum vikravArjunange eDi
haLegannaDadalli sAmAnyavAgi vAkyagaLannu jODisuvudakkAgi padagaLigintalU pratyayagaLannu baLasuvudE jAsti. idallade, haLegannaDada kriyApadagaLige kelavu viSiShTavAda “jODisuva’ rUpagaLiddu, avannU I rIti vAkyagaLannu jODisuvudakkAgi baLasalAguttade.
(೨5) divyarathamanesagal dArukanemba sArathiyanIvudum (೫. ೨೦va) “divSa rathavannu naDesalu dArukanemba sArathiyannu koTTAga’ (೨kha) tAm munna tanda aragiNiyam koTTu kxtAntananta rdhAnakke sandam
bhya pe) kIphe ATo “tAnu tandida aragiNiyannu koTTu yamanu adxSyanAdanu e
(೨ga) OgaravUgaLa banDaneyde pIrutte majudumbigaL oDavanduvu (೧೧.೮೧) “miSrahUgaLa makarandavannu pUrNavAgi hIruttA maridumbigaLu joteyallE banduvu’
divyarathamanesaguvam mattu dArukanemba sArathiyan Ivan emba eraDu vAkyagaLannu (೨ka)dalli jODisalAgide, mattu idakkAgi modalaneya vAkyadalli esagu kriyApadada jODisuva rUpavAda esagal embudannu baLasalAgide.
idE rItiyalli (೨kha)dalli kuDu kriyApadada jODisuva rUpavAgiruva koTTu embudannU, (೨ga)dalli pIru kriyApadada jODisuva rUpavAgiruva pIrutte embudannU baLasalAgide.
intaha jODisuva krayArUpagaLa baLakeyalli haLegannaDa mattu samskxta bhAShegaLa naDuve kelavu mukhyavAda vyatyAsagaLiddu, avannu I adhyAyadalli vivarisalAgide.
೧೦.೨ haLegannaDada jODisuva kriyArUpagaLu
vAkyagaLannu jODisuvudakkAgi haLegannaDadalli halavu rItiya kriyArUpagaLu baLakeyAguttiddu, avu I vAkyagaLu tiLisuva ghaTanegaLa naDuve kANisuva bEre bEre rItiya sambandhagaLannu sUcisuttave. intaha sambandhagaLu A ghaTanegaLa samayakke sambandhisirabahudu (೧೦.೨.೧), illavE avugaLalli ondu naDeyade innondu naDedide (keLage koTTiruva (೬ka-ga) vAkyagaLannu nODi), athavA ondu naDeyuvudu innondu naDeyuvudakke Sharattu (೧೦.೨.೩) embantaha bEre rItiyavU irabahudu.
೧೦.೨.೧ samayada sUcane
mEle (೨ka-ga) vAkyagaLalli esagal, koTTu, mattu pIrutte embudAgi mUru rItiya jODisuva rUpagaLu baLakeyAgive. ivu eraDu ghaTanegaLa naDuve kANisaballa mUru rItiya samaya sambandhagaLannu sUcisuttave:
(ka) ondu ghaTane innondu ghaTaneya anantara naDeyuvantahadirabahudu. idannu sUcisuvudakkAgi, haLegannaDadalli mEle (೨ka)dalli kANisida hAge, kriyApadakke nEravAgi al pra tyayavannu sErisalAguttade (mADal, uNal, baral, kolal, taral modalAdavu intahavE bEre kriyArUpagaLu). ivugaLa baLakeyannu keLagina udAharaNegaLallU kANabahudu:
(೩ka) kIcakam tammakkanam kANal pOdam “kIcakanu tanna akkanannu kANalu hOdanu’ (೩kha) bhImana moneyam Arayal vanIpakaranaTTi “bhImana yuddharItiyannu kanDuhiDiyalu gUDhacArarannu kaLisi’
(೩ga) mantramanupadESam geyyal bandevu “mantravannu upadESa mADalu bandiddEve’
(kha) ondu ghaTane innondu ghaTaneginta modalE naDeyuvantahadirabahudu. idannu sUcisuvudakkAgi mEle (೨kha)dalli kANisida hAge, kriyApadakke nEravAgi i pratyayavannu sErisalAguttade (alvi, ODi, nelasi, mecci modalAdavu intahavE bEre kriyArUpagaLu).
kelavu kriyApadagaLalli I pratyayadondige hindina samayavannu sUcisuva d pratyayavU baruttade, mattu I rIti hindina samayavannu sUcisuva pratyaya : bandiruvalli jODisuva pratyayakke i embudara badalu u emba rUpavide (koydu, geydu, tindu, kondu).
I niyamakke apavAdavAgi, kelavu kriyApadagaLondige d pratyaya bandideyAdarU adara anantara I pratyaya i rUpadallE baruttade (teraLi, nAndi).
(೪ka) A mAtinge mecci kumbhasambhavam gAngEyananintendam “A mAtige mecci drONanu bhIShmanige hIge hELidanu’ (೪kha) nIm enna kALegamam pejagirdu nODim “nIvu nanna yuddhavannu horage iddu nODi’ (೪ga) viduram rathArUDhanAgi pAncaLa rAjapurakke vandu pAnDuputraram kanDu… “viduranu rathavannEri, dxpadana paTTaNakke bandu, pAnDavarannu kanDu…’
(ga) ondu ghaTane innondu ghaTane naDeyuva samayadallEnE naDeyuvantahadirabahudu. idannu sUcisuvudakkAgi kriyApadakke nEravAgi utte pratyayavannu sErisalAguttade (mADutte, nODutte, kELutte, tegaLutte, enutte, isutte).
(೫ka) OgaravUgaLa banDaneyde pIrutte maNudumbigaL oDavanduvu “miSrahUgaLa jEnannu cannAgi hIruttA maridumbigaLu joteyallE banduvu’
(೫kha) peage kxtaka kirAtam (varAhanam) aTTuttum bandam “hindininda kxtaka kirAtanu (handiyannu) aTTuttalU bandanu’
(೫ga) vaendorvarorvar ondondane nuDiyuttum pOge “embudAgi obbobbaru ondondannU ADuttA hOguttiruvAga’
mEle vivarisidantaha mUru bageya jODisuva kriyArUpagaLu mAtravallade, ondu ghaTane naDeyade innondu ghaTane naDedide (illavE naDeyalide) embudannu
sUcisuvudakkAgi kriyApadakke ade pratyayavannu sErisi racisiruva innondu rItiya (allagaLeyuva) jODisuva kriyArUpavU haLegannaDadalli baLakeyallide (ajuyade, pOgade, nillade, uNNade, tuDade).
(೬ka) nimmoDane ALOcisade emage negaTal Em neravunTE “ninnoDane AlOcisade mADalu namage sAdhyave?’ (೬kha) vaettalaNmade kAladeseyoL usirade kuLLire “ebbisalu iShTapaDade kAlina hattira mAtanADade kuLitiralu’ (೬ga) eveyikkade nOTpba kaN “reppe hoDeyade nODuva kaNNu’
೧೦.೨.೨ baLakege nirbandha
I jODisuva rUpagaLa ondu vaySiShTyavEnendare, ivugaLa mUlaka jODisiruva vAkyagaLeraDarallU svEccheyinda naDesuvantaha ghaTanegaLannu sUcisalAgideyAdare, A eraDu ghaTanegaLannU obbanE vyakti (mADuga ghaTaka) naDesuttirabEku emba nirbandhavide. eraDu vAkyagaLalli ondu illavE eraDu vAkyagaLU I rIti svEccheyinda naDesuva ghaTaneyannu sUcisuvudillavAdare, avugaLa mEle I nirbandhavilla.
(೭) priyanam kanDu sukhamAdudu “priyanannu nODi (nanage) sukhavAyitu’
(೭)nE vAkyadalli modalaneya vAkyada karta nAnu (illavE sukha embudakkinta bhinnavAda bErondu pada) mattu eraDaneyadara karta sukha. hIgiddarU illi kanDu kriyArUpada baLakeyAgide. eraDaneya vAkyadalli sukha embudu svEccheyinda ghaTaneyalli toDaguva mADuganalla embudE intaha baLake sAdhyavAgalu kAraNa.
hosagannaDadallU intahadE nirbandhavide embudannu bhaT (೨೦೦೪:೧೯೬)ralli vivarisalAgide.
೧೦.೨.೩ e pratyayada baLake
bEre bEre vyaktigaLu svEccheyinda naDesuvantaha ghaTanegaLannu sUcisuva vAkyagaLannu jODisuvudakkAgi haLegannaDadalli bEreyE ondu kriyArUpa baLakeyallide. kriyApadakke e pratyayavannu sErisi I kriyArUpavannu tayArisalAguttade (suDe, ADe, Age, sOnke, piDiye).
I kriyArUpada mUlaka sUcitavAguva ghaTane adara anantara sUcitavAguva ghaTaneginta modalE naDedideyemba arthavU (endare i (u) pratyayada mUlaka racitavAgiruva kriyArUpada arthavU) I kriyArUpakkide.
(೮ka) pAnDyan tOmaradinda iDe gurutanUjam eDeyoL kaDidam “pAnDyanu tOmaradinda hoDedAga aSvatthAmanu (adannu) madhyamArgadallE kaDidanu’
(೮kha) pAncALarAjatanUjeverasu pAnDavar poTalam poamaDe purajanangaLella tammoLintendar “pAnDavaru dravpadiyoDane paTTaNavannu biTTu hOdAga paTTaNada janarella tammoLage hIge hELikonDaru’
(೮ka)dalli tOmaradinda hoDeyuva ghaTane, mattu adannu mArga madhyadallE kaDiyuva ghaTane - iveraDU svEccheyinda naDesuva ghaTanegaLu. ivannu bEre bEre vyaktigaLu (pAnDya mattu aSvatthAma) naDesuttiruva kAraNa, I vAkyagaLannu jODisalu (೮ka)dalli iDu kriyApadada iTTu rUpada badalu, iDe rUpavannu baLasalAgide. (೮kha)dallU hIgeyE.
Adare, e pratyayadinda racitavAgiruva I kriyArUpavannu obbanE vyakti mADuganAgi naDesuva eraDu vAkyagaLannu jODisuvallU baLasalu sAdhyavide. udAharaNegAgi, keLage koTTiruva pampabhAratada vAkyavannu gamanisabahudu:
(೯) arAtikALAnaLan tAnum bhImasEnanum divyaSarAsanangaLam konDu pUNe puguva arAtibalamam vArkonDu tege neakidise taLardattarAtibalam “arjunanu tAnU bhImanU billugaLannu tegedukonDu, pratijYe mADi, pravESisuva Satrusaynyavannu pratibhaTisi, (billu gaLannu) dIrphthavAgi eLedu (bANagaLannu) prayOgisidAga Satrusaynya himmeTTitu’
(೯)nE vAkyadalli svEccheyinda naDesuva halavu ghaTanegaLannu oTTige sErisalAgiddu, avugaLalli koneyadannu (“Satrusaynya himmeTTitu’ embudannu) biTTu, uLida ellA ghaTanegaLannU arjuna mattu bhIma embavarE naDesiddA re. Adare, ivugaLalli baruva jODisuva kriyArUpagaLalli eraDannu (konDu mattu mArkonDu) u pratyayada
mUlakavU bEre eraDannu (pUNe mattu tege) e pratyayada mUlakavU racisalAgide.
೧೦.೨.೪ al pratyayada baLake
kriyApadagaLige al pratyayavannu sErisi racisida kriyArUpagaLannu mUru arthagaLalli (modalu naDeda ghaTane, anantara naDeda ghaTane, mattu ghaTaneyannu naDesuvudu bEDa embarthagaLalli) baLasalu sAdhyavide embudannu nAvu mEle (೯.೫.೧)ralli nODiruvevu. ivugaLalli modalaneya eraDu arthagaLalli baruva kriyArUpagaLannu vAkyagaLannu jODisuvudakkAgi baLasalAguttade.
modalaneya arthadalli (endare modalu naDeda ghaTaneyannu sUcisuva arthadalli) I kriyArUpavannu baLasalAgideyAdare, antaha baLakeya mEle (೧೦.೨.೨)ralli sUcisida nirbandhavilla embudannu pampabhAratada keLagina vAkyagaLalli kANabahudu:
(೧೦ka) endu nuDidu kaTupal A dravpadi santasambaTTu ante geyvenendu pOgi (೮.೭೨va) “(kIcakanu) hAge hELi kaLuhisidAga dravpadi santOShapaTTu hAgeyE mADuttEnendu (hELi) (hOdaLu); hOgi..’
(೧೦kha) rathamanEaloDam pAvakanalvu khAnDavamanunDapan (೫.೭೭va-೭೮) “(arjunanu) rathavannEridoDaneyE agniyu khAnDavavannu suTTu uNNuttAne’
(೧೦ka)dalli kaLisuvudu mattu hOguvudu emba eraDu svEccheyinda naDesuva ghaTanegaLannu al pratyayada mUlaka jODisalAgide. Adare, I eraDu ghaTanegaLannu naDesuvavaru bEre bEre vyaktigaLu embudannU, mattu illi al pratyayakke modalina ghaTaneyannu sUcisuva arthavideyallade anantarada ghaTaneyannu sUcisuva arthavilla embudannU gamanisabahudu.
Adare, eraDaneya arthadalli (endare anantara naDeyuva ghaTaneyannu sUcisuva arthadalli) I pratyayavannu baLasalAgideyAdare, mEle (೧೦.೨.೨)ralli koTTiruva nirbandha antaha baLakeya mEle anvayisuttade.
೧೦.೨.೫ Sharattannu sUcisuvudu
Sharattannu sUcisuva ondu vAkyadondige A Sharattina mEle avalambisiruva innondu vAkyavannu jODisi hELuvudakkAgiyU haLegannaDadalli jODisuva kriyArUpada baLakeyAguttade. intaha kriyArUpavannu tayArisabEkiddalli, kriyApadada sambandhisuva rUpakke oDe pratyayavannu sErisabEkAguttade.
kriyApadagaLige mundina samayada rUpa, hindina samayada rUpa, mattu allagaLeyuva rUpa embudAgi mUru rItiya sambandhisuva rUpagaLiddu, I mUrarondigU oDe pratyayavannu baLasi Sharattannu sUcisalu sAdhyavide. udAharaNegAgi, pampabhAratada keLagina baLakegaLannu gamanisabahudu:
(೧೧ka) emma magaLge puTTidAtam rAjyakkoDeyan appoDe kuDuvem (೧.೭೦ va) “namma magaLige huTTuvavanu rAjyakke oDeyanAguvudAdare (magaLannu) koDuvevu’
(೧೧kha) ennaya dUsauುm pati sattoDe satta pApamennan narakangaLoL allu gum (೧.೭೩) “nannindAgi pati sattare satta pApavu nannannu narakadalli muLugisItu’ (೧೧ga) pETadoDe pOgadir (೧೩.೫೫) “hELadiddare hOgabEDa’
(೧೧ka)dalli Sharattannu sUcisuva appoDe kriyArUpavannu mundina samayavannu sUcisuva appa kriyArUpakke oDe pratyayavannu sErisi racisalAgide; Adare, (೧೧kha)dalli idE pratyayavannu hindina samayavannu sUcisuva satta kriyArUpakkU (sattoDe), (೧೧ga)dalli allagaLeyuva pOgada kriyArUpakkU (pOgadoDe) sErisi racisalAgide.
intaha Sharattina kriyArUpagaLalli baruva da mattu va (pa) pratyayagaLige bEre kriyArUpagaLalli baruva pratyayagaLiginta tIra bhinnavAgiruvantaha samayavannu sUcisuva arthavideyembudannu illi gamanisuvudu avaSya. sAmAnyavAgi, intaha Sharattannu sUcisuva kriyArUpagaLalli I eraDu pratyayagaLU mAtina samayada anantara naDeyuva (endare mundina samayadalli athavA bhaviShyat kAladalli naDeyuva) ghaTaneyannE sUcisuttave.
itara baLakegaLalli kANisuva hAge, da pratyayakke mAtina samayakkinta modalu (endare hindina samayadalli athavA bhUtakAladalli) naDeyuva ghaTaneyannu sUcisuva artha I Sharattannu sUcisuva kriyArUpagaLallilla. udAharaNegAgi, (೧೧kha)dalli sattoDe kriyArUpa hindina samayada ghaTaneyannu sUcisuvudilla. A vAkyavannADiruva samayada anantara naDeyabahudAda ghaTaneyondannu mAtravE adu (SharattAgi) sUcisuttade.
intaha Sharattina rUpagaLalli da mattu va (pa) pratyayagaLa naDuve bEreyE ondu arthavyatyAsa kANisuttade: da pratyaya bandideyAdare, adakke A Sharattu sUcisuva ghaTane adannu avalambisiruva ghaTaneginta modalE naDedirabEkemba artha baruttade, mattu va (pa) pratyaya bandideyAdare, adakke A ghaTane adara mEle avalambisiruva ghaTaneginta anantara naDeyabEkAgideyemba artha, illavE avareDU ondE samayadalli naDeyuvantahavemba artha baruttade.
udAharaNegAgi, mEle (೧೧ka) vAkyada Sharattina kriyArUpadalli pa pratyaya bandide (appoDe), mattu rAjanAguva Sharattina ghaTane adannu avalambisiruva koDuva ghaTaneya anantara naDeyuvantahademba artha baruttade; Adare, (೧೧kha)dalli da (ta) pratyaya bandide (sattoDe), mattu sAyuva ghaTane (Sharattu) adannu avalambisiruva narakakke hOguva ghaTaneginta modalE naDeyuvantahademba artha baruttade (೧೦.೪.(೧))
nODi).
೧೦.೩ samskxtadalli jODisuva kriyArUpagaLu
samskxtadalliyU vAkyagaLannu jODisuvudakkAgi kriyArUpagaLannu baLasalu sAdhyavide. idakkAgi baLakeyAguva kriyArUpagaLu nAmapadagaLirabahudu, nAmapadagaLa vibhakti rUpagaLirabahudu, illavE I kelasakkAgiyE siddhavAgiruva viSiShTa kriyArUpagaLirabahudu. Adare, haLegannaDadalli kANisuvantaha accukaTTu samskxtada I padarUpagaLa baLakeyalli kANisuvudilla.
idakke kAraNavEnendare, vAkyagaLa jODaNegAgi I rIti kriyApadagaLa jODisuva rUpavannu baLasuva vidhAna samskxtakke drAviDa bhAShegaLa prabhAvadindAgi bandirabEku. adu inDO-yurOpiyan mUlabhASheyinda AnuvamSikavAgi A bhAShe paDediruva vidhAnavalla.
೧೦.೩.೧ kxdantagaLa baLake
samskxtadalli jODisuva kelasavannu kriyApadagaLinda racitavAda kxdantagaLE naDesaballuvu; padakantegaLa tayArikeyallU ivannE baLasalAguttadeyAda kAraNa, I viShayadalli samskxta haLegannaDakkinta tIra bhinnavAgide.
(೧೨ka) aham dakShiNAraNyE caran mxgamEkam apaSyam
“nAnu dakShiNAraNyadalli naDeyuttA ondu mxgavannu nODide’ (೧೨kha) udyAnE krIDantIm bAlAm vIraH apaSyat
“udyAnadalli ADuva huDugiyannu vIranu nODidanu’
(೧೨ka)dalli caran “naDeyuttA ‘emba kxdantavannu eraDu vAkyagaLannu jODisuva kelasadalli baLasalAgide; Adare, (೧೨kha)dalli antahadE krIDan “ADuttA’ emba innondu kxdantavannu (adara dvitIyA-Ekavacana (strIlinga) rUpadalli) bAlAm nAmapadadondige sErisi padakanteyondannu tayArisuvalli baLasalAgide.
haLegannaDadalli intaha jODisuva kriyArUpagaLu (naDeyutte, ADutte embantahavugaLu) padakanteya angavAgi baraballa kriyArUpagaLiginta (naDeva, ADuva embantahavugaLiginta) tIra bhinnavAgiveyembudannu illi gamanisabahudu.
೧೦.೩.೨ tvA pratyayada baLake
samskxtadalli vAkyagaLannu jODisuva kelasakkAgi mAtra baLakeyAgaballa kriyArUpavondide. idannu kriyApadakke tvA pratyayavannu sErisuvudara mUlaka tayArisalAguttade (gatvA “hOgi’ kxtvA “mADi’, SxtvA “kELi’, pItvA “kuDidu’). I kriyArUpakke adu sUcisuva ghaTane adara anantarada vAkya sUcisuva ghaTaneginta modalE naDedide emba arthavide.
(೧೩ka) chAgam tyaktvA svagxham yayav
“ADannu tyajisi (avanu) tanna manege hOda’ (೧೩kha) bhOjanam kxtvA grAmaH gantavyaH
“UTa mADi Urige hOgabEku’
kriyApadadalli upasargavondu sErideyAdalli I pratyayakke ya emba rUpavide.
(೧೪ka) narAH SAstram adhItya panDitAH bhavanti “mAnavaru SAstragaLannu Odi panDitarAguttAre’ (೧೪kha) SatrUn nigxhya aham AgamiShyAmi
“nAnu SatrugaLannu nigrahisi baruttEne’
Adare, I kriyArUpa samskxtakke adara mUlabhASheyAda inDO- yurOpiyandinda bandudalla. kAvyagaLa kAladalli jAsti baLakege bandiruva I kriyArUpa drAviDa bhAShegaLa samsargadindAgi siddhavAdudirabEkendu vidvAmsaru abhiprAyapaDuttAre (barO ೧೯೫೫ nODi).
samskxtadalli I kriyArUpavannu baLasabEkiddare, adara mUlaka jODisalAgiruva eraDu vAkyagaLallU katx ondE Agiruva avaSyakateyide. I rIti karka ondE AgillavAdalli, I kriyArUpavannu baLasuva badalu “sati saptami’ emba bErondu racaneyannu baLasabEkAguttade (೧೦.೩.೪ nODi).
೧೦.೩.೩ tum pratyayada baLake
vAkyagaLannu jODisuva kelasadalli mAtra baLakeyAguva innondu kriyArUpavU samskxtadallide. kriyApadakke tum pratyayavannu sErisu vudara mUlaka I kriyArUpavannu tayArisalAguttade (gantum “hOgalu’, kartum “mADalu’, adhyEtum “kaliyalu’).
cAritrikavAgi I kriyArUpa vibhakti pratyayaviruva ondu nAmapadavAgittu; idaralli baruva tum pratyaya dvitIyA pratyayada paLeyaLikeyirabEkendu vidvAmsara Uhe. vEda kAlada samskxtadalli bEre vibhakti pratyayagaLU I kriyArUpadondige baraballuvAgidduvu (hantavE “kollalu (caturthI)’, avapadaH (pancamI), ityAdi.
೧೦.೩.೪ satisaptami
jODisabEkAgiruva eraDu vAkyagaLalli ondara kartapada innondara kataNxpadakkinta bhinnavAgiddalli, mEle vivarisida kriyArUpagaLannu baLasalu sAdhyavAgadu. hAgAgi, antaha sandarbhagaLalli “satisaptami’ emba hesarina bEreyE ondu racaneyannu
baLasabEkAguttade. nijakkU illi saptamI vibhakti mAtravallade ShaShThI vibhaktiyannU baLasalu sAdhyavide. udAharaNegAgi, keLage koTTiruva vAkyagaLannu pariSIlisabahudu: (೧೫ka) tasmin rAjYi sati kaH bhUmim jayEt “avanu rAjanAgiruvAga bhUmanDalavannu yAru geddA ru?’ (೧೫kha) tasya kIrtimatO rAjYO dharmam vidadhAnasyApi sarvAH prajAH duHkhinya EvAbhavan “kIrtivantanAda A rAjanu dharmavannu sthA pisiruvAgalU ellA prajegaLU duHkhigaLAgiyE iddaru’
(೧೫ka)dalli modalaneya vAkyada pada (illavE padakante)gaLannella saptamI vibhaktiyallirisalAgide, mattu (೧೫kha)dalli ShaShThI vibhaktiyalli risalAgide. sAmAnyavAgi tiraskAravannu sUcisabEkAgiruvalli ShaShThI vibhaktiyannu baLasalAgutta de.
I racanegaLu mEle vivarisida racanegaLiginta halavu viShayagaLalli bhinnavAgive embudannu gamanisabahudu. illi baruva eraDu vAkyagaLa karta)gaLu bhinnavAgirabEku mAtravalla, avugaLalli modalaneya vAkyavannu ondu padakanteyannAgiyU badalAyisabEkAguttade. adara angagaLAgi baruva pada illavE padakantegaLella ondE vibhaktiyallirabEkemba niyamakke idE kAraNa.
೧೦.೩.೫ Sharattannu sUcisuvudu
samska tadalli Sharatta nnu sUcisuvudakkAgi haLegannaDadalli ruvudakkinta tIra bhinnavAda vyAkaraNatatvavannu anusarisalAguttade, mattu idarindAgi, haLegannaDadalli kANisuva sAdhyategaLiginta samskxtadalli kANisuva sAdhyategaLu tIra bhinnavAgive. samskxtadalli mukhyavAgi eraDu vidhAnagaLa mUlaka Sharattannu sUcisalu sAdhyavide:
vAkyavannu adara sambandhisuva rUpakke badalAyisuvudu ondu vidhAna, mattu A vAkyadalli cEt padavannu, illavE yadi sarvanAmavannu baLasuvudu innondu vidhAna.
(೧೬ka) yadi aham taskarOsmi, baddIta mAm “nAnu kaLLanAdare, nannannu bandhisi’
(೧೬kha) vEtti cEt bhavAn vaktu “(nimage) gottideyAdare hELi’
(೧೬ga) yadi sa mayA dxShTO abhaviShyat tatO abhOksyata “nAnu avanannu kanDiddare nungibiDuttidde’
Adare, haLegannaDada hAge (೧೦.೨.೩ nODi) illi viSiShTavAda kriyArUpagaLa baLakeyilla embudannu gamanisabahudu.
೧೦.೪ haLegannaDa vayyAkaraNigaLa samasyegaLu
jODisuva kriyArUpagaLannu vivarisuvalli haLegannaDa vayyAkaraNigaLige avugaLa hindiruva vyavastheyannu mattu vyAkaraNa tatvagaLannu sariyAgi grahisikoLLalu sAdhyavAgiralilla. mEle (೧೦.೩(೧-೫))ralli vivarisida hAge, samskxtadalli baLakeyAguva jODisuva kriyArUpagaLa hinde haLegannaDadalliruvantaha vyavasthe illavE accukaTTu illadiruvudE idakke kAraNavirabahudu.
(೧) necci ka mecca , nenedu modalAda kriyArUpagaLu pUrva (bhUta)kAlada kriyeyannU kettutte, parasutte, enute modalAdavugaLu vartamAna kAlada kriyeyannU sUcisuttaveyendu kESirAjanu (sU. ೨೪೯) hELiddAne.
Adare, mEle (೧೦.೨.೧)ralli sUcisida hAge, nijakkU ivu neccidam, meccidam modalAda bhUtakAlada kriyArUpagaLinda mattu neccidapam, meccidapam (illavE meccu vam, neccu vam) modalAda vartamAna kAlada kriyArUpagaLinda samaya sUcaneyalli tIra bhinnavAgive.
udAharaNegAgi, keLage koTTiruva pampabhAratada vAkyagaLannu pariSIlisabahudu:
(೧೭ka) antu drONAcAryan pAnDava kavravarge upadESam geyyuttum ireyire nAnAdESa narEndrarum dhanurvEdamane kalal bandALAdar (೨.೫೫-೬)
“hAge drONAcAryanu pAnDava kavravarugaLige upadESa mADuttiruvAga, bEre bEre dESada rAjarU dhanurvidyeyannu kaliyalu bandu Atana SiSyarAdaru’
(೧೭kha) nImenna kALegamam pejagirdu nODim (೩.೬೯va)
“nIvu nanna yuddhavannu horage iddu nODi’
(೧೭ka)dalli geyyuttum embudaralli vartamAna kAlada utte pratyaya bandideyAdarU adu nijakkU “bhUta’kAladalli (endare A vAkyavannu ADiruva (illavE barediruva) samayakkinta modalu) naDediruva ghaTaneyondannu sUcisuttadeyallade “vartamAna’ kAladalli naDeyuva ghaTaneyannu sUcisuvudilla. I ghaTane adara anantara bandiruva irdu kriyApada sUcisuva ghaTaneya samayadallEnE naDeyuttittu embudannu A jODisuva kriyArUpadalliruva utte (*um) pratyaya sUcisuttade. endare, illi utte pratyayakke “ondE samaya’ emba arthavideyallade
vartamAnArthavilla.
idE rItiyalli, (೧೭kha)dalli bandiruva peagirdu embudaralli bhUtakAlada da pratyaya bandideyAdarU, adu bhaviShyat kAladalli naDeyabEkAgiruva ondu ghaTaneyannu sUcisuttadeyallade bhUtakAladalli naDediruva ghaTaneyannu sUcisuvudilla. A vAkyavannu arjunanu hELiruva samayadalli I “horagiruva’ ghaTaneyinnU naDedilla. “nODuva’ ghaTaneginta modalu “horagiruva’ ghaTane naDeyabEku embudAgi illi d(*u) pratyayakke “modalina samaya’da arthavideyallade “bhUta’ kAlada (hindina samayada) arthavilla.
intaha baLakegaLannu vivarisuvudakkAgi haLegannaDadalli eraDu rItiya samayabhEdagaLannu sUcisuva pratyayagaLiveyendu hELabEkAguttade. kriyArUpagaLalli avu bandiruva vAkyavannu ADiruva samayakkU avu tiLisuva ghaTaneya samayakkU naDuve entaha sambandhavide embudannu tiLisabEkAguttade, mattu idakkAgi hindina samaya (bhUtakAla), mundina samaya (bhaviShyat kAla) mattu Igina samaya (vartamAna kAla) emba pAribhAShika padagaLannu baLasuva avaSyakateyide.
Adare, jODisuva kriyArUpagaLannu baLasuva sandarbhagaLalli idakkinta tIra bhinnavAda samayabhEdagaLannu sUcisabEkAguttade. antaha kaDegaLalli eraDu (athavA jAsti) kriyApadagaLu baLakeyAguttiddu, avu sUcisuva ghaTanegaLa naDuve samayada maTTige entaha sambandhavide (avugaLalli ondu innondara “modalu’ naDedideyE, “anantara’ naDedideyE athavA eraDU “ondE samaya’dalli naDediveyE) embudannu tiLisabEkAguttade.
I mUru rItiya samayagaLU mAtina samayakkinta hinde naDedirabahudu, illavE anantara naDeyuvantahavirabahudu. hAgAgi, ivu mUrU hindina (bhUta) illavE mundina (bhaviShyat) kAladavAgiralu sAdhyavide. I vyatyAsavannu jODisuva kriyArUpagaLannu baLasiruva vAkyagaLa koneyalli baruva kriyArUpagaLu tiLisuttavallade, jODisuva kriyArUpagaLu tiLisuvudilla.
I kAraNakkAgi, jODisuva kriyArUpagaLalli kanDubaruva samaya sambandhavannu sUcisuvudakkAgi modalina samaya, anantarada samaya mattu ondE samaya embudAgi bEreyE pAribhAShika padagaLannu baLasuva avaSyakateyide (vivaragaLige ೯.೨.೩ nODi).
(೨) mADe, nODe, poamaDe modalAdavugaLa baLakeyannu “satisaptami’yendu kareyalAgide (kESirAja sU. ೨೬೦). Adare bEre halavu vidvAmsaru sUcisiruva hAge, haLegannaDada I racane samskxtada satisaptamiginta tIra bhinnavAgide (೧೦.೩.೪ nODi). kartxpada bhinnavAgirabahudemba ondu viShayadalli mAtra iveraDaroLage samAnateyide.
Adare, illU kartxpada embudakkintalU mADuga (svEccheyinda ghaTaneyalli toDagikonDiruvavanu) embudE haLegannaDada maTTige yOgyavAgiruva kalpane.
(೩) kartxpada bhinnavAgiruvalli Al pratyayavannu baLasabAradu, aloDam embudannu baLasabEku embudAgi kESirAja (sU. ೨೬೦) hELiddA ne. al pra tyaya sEriruva kriyArUpakke “anantarada’ ghaTaneyannu mAtravallade, “modalina’ ghaTaneyannu sUcisuva arthavU ideyembudannu (endare haLegannaDadalli al rUpada eraDu bEre bEre pratyayagaLiveyembudannu) Atanu gamanisadiruvudE Ata hIge hELalu kAraNavirabEku.
yAkendare, “modalina’ ghaTaneyannu sUcisuvalli I kriyArUpakke mElina nirbandhavillavembudu halavu kavigaLa prayOgagaLinda spa ShTavAguttade (೧೦.೨.೪ nODi). aloDam embudaralli I pratyayada munde oDam “oDaneyE’ pada bandiddu, idarindAgi adakke “modalina’ ghaTaneyannu sUcisuva artha baraballudallade, “anantara’da ghaTaneyannu sUcisuva artha baralAradu. oDam embudu I pratyayakkiruva mElina eraDu arthagaLannu pratyEkisi, avugaLalli ondu mAtra sUcitavAguvante mADuttade.
kESirAjanu aloDam embudarallU al ide embudannu gamanisi, al pratyayada baLakeyalli arthada maTTige samSaya huTTuva sandarbhagaLalli mAtra adarondige oDam embudannu sErisi baLasabEku endu hELirabEkittallade, hAge oDam embudannu sErisade kelavaru baLasiruvudu “abaddha ‘ endu hELuva avaSyakateyiralilla.
venkaTAcala SAstri gaLu (೧೯೯೪:೧೨೧) hELiruva hAge, Atanu I rIti hELiruvudu Atana dhayrya mattu vicikitsaka buddhi gaLannu tOrisuvudilla; adakke badalu, Atana bhanDa dhayrya mattu ajYAnagaLannu tOrisuttade.
(೪) pakbArthavannu (Sharattannu) sUcisuva oDe pratyaya dhAtuvina koneyalli baruvudendu kESirAjanu hELiruttAne (sU. ೨೬೧ nODi). idu kAlatrayadallU baraballudembudakke prayOgagaLannu mAtra (pusidoDe biTTam, paTancidapoDe kondapam, citripoDe tULikeyam tarisuvam) koDuttAne.
bhaTTAkaLankanu I pratyayakke doDe mattu voDe rUpagaLive endu hELi, ivu bhUta mattu vartamAna kAladakriyegaLannu jYApisuvudakkAgi baruttaveyendu hELiddAne (sU. ೫೮೯-೯೦).
Adare, nijakkU ivu bhUta mattu vartamAna (illavE bhaviShyat) kAlagaLannu sUcisuvudakkAgi baLakeyAguva badalu, eraDu ghaTanegaLa naDuviruva samaya sambandhagaLannu sUcisuvudakkAgi baLakeyAgutta ve embudannu nAvu mEle (೧೦.೨.೩)ralli nODiruvevu.
idallade, haLegannaDadalli I pratyayagaLannu kriyApadagaLa kxdanta (sambandhisuva) rUpakke sErisalAguttadallade, dhAtuvige illavE dhAtuvina bhUta mattu bhaviShyat rUpagaLigalla. allagaLeyuva Sharattina rUpagaLannu pariSIlisidAga I viShaya
allagaLeyuva rUpagaLive, mattu pETada emba allagaLeyuva kxdanta rUpavide. ivugaLalli allagaLeyuva rUpagaLinda ghaTakavannu sUcisuva AkhyAta pratyayavannu kaLedAga uLiyuvudu pEla (illavE pET) embudu.
Adare, pETadoDe emba pakbArthada rUpavannu I pETa embudarinda sAdhisalu sAdhyavAgadu. pETada emba kxdanta rUpadindalEnE adannu sAdhisabEkAguttade.
oDe pratyaya hindina mattu mundina samayada sambandhisuva rUpagaLondige mAtravallade, allagaLeyuva sambandhisuva rUpadondigU baraballudu embudannu haLegannaDada prAcIna vayyyAkaraNigaLu gamanisadiddudE I rIti kriyApadagaLa sambandhisuva rUpadinda (endare kxdantadinda) I rUpagaLannu sAdhisabEkAguttade embudannu avaru gamanisadiralu kAraNavirabahudu.
೧೦.೫ sArAmSa
eraDu vAkyagaLannu jODisuvudakkAgi haLegannaDadalli jODisuva kriyArUpagaLa baLakeyAguttade. samskxtadallU intaha kriyArUpagaLa baLakeyAguttadeyAdarU haLegannaDadalli kANisuvantaha vyavasthe illavE accukaTTu samskxtada kriyArUpagaLa baLakeyalli kANisuvudilla.
samskxta tannallillada I vyavastheyannu drAviDa bhAShegaLa samparkavAdanantara tannalli aLavaDisikoLLalu prayatnisiruvudE I rIti A bhASheyalli haLegannaDada jODisuva kriyArUpagaLa baLakeyalli kANisuvantaha accukaTTu kANisadiruvudakke kAraNavirabEku.
samskxta vayyAkaraNigaLu A bhASheya kuritAgi hELiruvudannu hAgeyE haLegannaDakke aLavaDisalu prayatnisidudarindAgi, adara vayyAkaraNigaLige haLegannaDada I atyuttamavAda vyavastheyannu vivarisalu sAdhyavAgilla.