Chapters: Ch 1 · Ch 2 · Ch 3 · Ch 4 · Ch 5 · Ch 6 · Ch 7 · Ch 8 · Ch 9
adhyAya ELu guNapadagaLa oLaracane
೭.೧ pIThike
nAmapada mattu kriyApadagaLiginta bhinnavAgiruva ‘guNapada’gaLemba bEreyE ondu padavargakke sEruva padagaLu kannaDadalliveyembudannu nAvu eraDaneya adhyAyadalli nODiruvevu. I padagaLu vAkyadalli baruva vidhAna, tegedukoLLuva pratyayagaLu mattu sUcisuva artha emba I mUru viShayagaLallU nAmapada mattu kriyApadagaLiginta bhinnavAgiveyembudannU nODiruvevu. oLaracaneyallU I padagaLu nAmapada mattu kriyApadagaLiginta bhinnavAgiveyembudannu I adhyAya dalli nODaliruvevu.
kannaDa vAkyagaLalli mukhyavAgi eraDu rItiya guNapadagaLu baLake yAguttave. avugaLalli kelavu nAmapadagaLondige baraballuvu mattu innu kelavu kriyApadagaLondige baraballuvu. nAmapadagaLondige baraballa udda, biLi, doDDa, modalAda guNapadagaLu nAmapadagaLu gurutisuva vyakti, vastu modalAdavugaLa guNadharmagaLannu sUcisu vuvAdare, kriyApadagaLondige baraballa mEle, hinde, mellage, modalAda guNapadagaLu kriyApadagaLu nirdESisuva ghaTanegaLa guNa dharmagaLannu sUcisuttave.
(೧) doDDa peTTigeyannu keLage irisiddEne.
(೨) hosa baTTeyannu haLE baTTeya hAge jAsti nenasabEDa.
mEle koTTiruva (೧-೨) vAkyagaLalli doDDa, hosa mattu haLE emba guNapadagaLu avugaLa anantara bandiruva nAmapadagaLa guNa
dharmagaLannU mattu keLage mattu jAsti emba guNapadagaLu avugaLa anantara bandiruva kriyApadagaLa guNadharmagaLannU sUcisuttave.
I eraDu rItiya guNapadagaLa naDuve avugaLa arthadalli mAtra vallade, oLaracaneyalli mattu vAkyadalli avakkiruva svAtantryadalli vyatyAsagaLiveyembudannu munde nODaliruvevu.
idallade, guNapadagaLondige baraballa bahaLa, barI, balu, modalAda bEre kelavu guNapadagaLU kannaDadalli baLakeyallive. ivu guNapadagaLu sUcisuva guNadharmagaLa pramANavannu tiLisuttave. udA:
(೩) I baTTe bahaLa teLLagide.
(೪) avanu bhArI doDDa mane kaTTisuttiddAne.
Adare intaha guNapadagaLa sankhye jAstiyilla. idallade, ivugaLa oLaracaneyalli hELuvantaha viSiShTavAda sangatiyEnU illavAda kAraNa, nAmapada mattu kriyApadagaLondige baraballa eraDu rItiya guNapadagaLa oLaracaneyannu mAtravE I adhyAyadalli svalpa vivaravAgi pariSIlisalAgide.
೭.೨ kelavu vyatyAsagaLu
nAmapadagaLondige baraballa guNapadagaLu sAmAnyavAgi bEgane badalAgadiruva ‘sthAyI’ guNadharmagaLannU mattu kriyApadagaLondige baraballa guNapadagaLu aShTondu sthiravalladiruva ‘asthAyI’ guNadharma gaLannU sUcisuttave. vyakti, vastu modalAdavugaLa AkAra (udda, ettara, teLu, agali, ityAdi), bhavtika mattu mAnasika avasthegaLu (cikka, gaTTi, oNa, medu, kuruDu, jANa, ityAdi), baNNa (kempu, biLI, kappu, ityAdi), prAya (hosa, hiri, ityAdi) modalAdavu gaLannu sUcisuva guNapadagaLu nAmapadagaLondige baruttave, mattu ghaTanegaLa vidhAna, samaya mattu jAgagaLannu sUcisuva girane, sarane, taTakkane, mellane, mEle, munce, hinde modalAda guNapadagaLu kriyApadagaLondige baruttave.
kannaDadalli I rIti mukhyavAgi eraDu rItiya guNapadagaLive yAdarU sAmAnyavAgi guNapada (illavE ‘guNavAcaka pada’) embu dannu I eraDu rItiya guNapadagaLannu oTTige sUcisuvudakkintalU nAmapadagaLondige baraballa guNapadagaLannu mAtravE sUcisuvudakkAgi
baLasuvudu jAsti. mEle eraDaneya adhyAyadalli koTTiruva guNapada gaLa guNadharmagaLalli ellavannU tOrisuvudu nAmapadagaLondige baraballa guNapadagaLu mAtra. kriyApadagaLondige baraballa guNapada gaLu avugaLalli kelavannu mAtra tOrisuttave.
udAharaNegAgi, nAmapadagaLondige baraballa guNapadagaLannu nAmapadagaLinda bErpaDisi vAkyadallEnE bEre kaDegaLige vargAyisalu sAdhyavAgadu. Adare kriyApadagaLondige baraballa guNapadagaLannu vAkyadalli elli bEkiddarU baLasalu sAdhyavide. avu kriyApadada hattiravE irabEkemba niyamavilla. udA:
- (೫ka) rAju maDikeyannu nelada mEle mellage irisida.
- (೫kha) rAju maDikeyannu mellage nelada mEle irisida.
- (೫ga) rAju maDikeyannu nelada mEle irisida, mellage.
mellage emba guNapada (maDikeyannu) irisiruvudu hEge embudAgi irisuvike emba ondu ghaTaneya guNadharmavannu tiLisuttideyAdarU adu (೫ka)dalli mAtra A kriyApadada hattira bandide. (೫kha)dalli adu nelada embudarondigU mattu (೫ga)dalli vAkyada horagU bandiru vudannu kANabahudu.
kriyApadagaLondige baraballa guNapadagaLigiruva I svAtantryavannu bEreyU kelavu viShayagaLalli kANabahudu. udAharaNegAgi, avakke ottukoTTu, avannu vAkyadinda pratyEkisi hELalu sAdhyavide. Adare nAmapadagaLondige baruva guNapadagaLannu I rIti pratyEkisi hELalu sAdhyavAgadu.
(Ta) rAju maDikeyannu, nelada mEle mellage irisaballi.
(Tavi) rAju maDikeyannirisiddu mellage.
೭.೩ guNapadagaLa svarUpa
kannaDadalli oLaracaneyillada guNa(pada) dhAtugaLu halavive. ivugaLalli ondE akSharaviruva dhAtugaLella asvatantra padagaLAgiddu, jODupada gaLalli (nAmapadagaLAgi) illavE pratyayaviruva padagaLalli (guNapada gaLAgi) baLakeyaguttave. udAharaNegAgi, kem emba asvatantra guNa dhAtu kendALi, kemmaNNu modalAda jODupadagaLalli bEre pada
gaLondige sEri nAmapadavAgi baLakeyAguttade, mattu kempu mattu kencu embavugaLalli pratyayagaLondige sEri guNapadavAgi baLake yAguttade. hin, taN, mun, nuN, her (hiri) modalAdavugaLu intaha ondakSharaviruva guNadhAtugaLu.
ondakkinta jAsti akSharaviruva guNadhAtugaLU kannaDadalli halavive. cAritrikavAgi I dhAtugaLU ondakShara dhAtugaLige pratyayagaLannu sErisu vudara mUlaka siddhavAdavugaLendu hELalu sAdhyavide. udAharaNegAgi, biLi, bisi mattu kari embavugaLa koneya ikAra, sihi mattu kahi embavugaLalli baruva hi emba eraDaneya akShara, eLe, haLe, oLLe modalAdavugaLa koneyalli baruva ekAra, modalAdavugaLu I rIti pratyayagaLAgiralu sAdhyavide.
kannaDadalli kriyAdhAtu mattu nAmadhAtugaLiginta binnavAgiruva halavAru guNadhAtugaLiveyembudannu keLagina kelavu udAharaNegaLinda tiLiyabahudu.
| ಕರಿ | ಒಳ | ಎಳೆ | ತೋರ | ಅಡ್ಡ | ಮೊಂಡು |
| ಬಿಳಿ | ಹೊರ | ಹಳೆ | ನೇರ | ಉದ್ದ | ದುಂಡು |
| ಸಿಹಿ | ಎಡ | ತೆಳು | ಕೀಳು | ದೊಡ್ಡ | ಡೊಂಕು |
| ಕಹಿ | ಬಲ | ನಡು | ಮೇಲು | ದಪ್ಪ | ಕುಂಟು |
nAmapadagaLa badalu kriyApadagaLa viSEShaNagaLAgi baraballa guNa dhAtugaLu kannaDadalli jAstiyilla. Adare Sabda illavE anubhavavannu aNakisi hELuva halavu padagaLu ane illavE ne emba pratyaya dondige sEri I rIti kriyApadagaLa viSEShaNagaLAgi baraballuvu. ivannu asvatantra guNadhAtugaLendu parigaNisalu sAdhyavide. ivu mukhya vAgi mUru rItiya rUpagaLalli baruvuvembudannu keLagina udA haraNegaLinda tiLiyabahudu.
| ಸರನೆ | ಜಮ್ಮನೆ | ಬಗ್ಗನೆ |
| ಗಿರನೆ | ತಟ್ಟನೆ | ದಿಗ್ಗನೆ |
| ಬರನೆ | ದೊಪ್ಪನೆ | ಜಗ್ಗನೆ |
| ಸರಕ್ಕನೆ | ತಟಕ್ಕನೆ | |
| ಕಿಸಕ್ಕನೆ | ಗುಳಕ್ಕನೆ |
| ಕನ್ನಡ ಪದಗಳ ಒಳರಚನೆ | ||
|---|---|---|
| ಗಬಕ್ಕನೆ | ಪಚಕ್ಕನೆ | |
| ಸರಸರನೆ | ಕತಕತನೆ | ಗಣಗಣನೆ |
| ಮಿರಮಿರನೆ | ಗಡಗಡನೆ | ಕಿಲಕಿಲನೆ |
kelavu aNakisuva padagaLu I rIti ana emba pratyayada sahAya villadeyU nEravAgi kriyApadagaLondige avugaLa viSEShaNagaLAgi bara balluvu. udAharaNegAgi, gaDagaDa naDugu, gusu gusu mAta nADu, paLapaLa hoLe modalAda baLakegaLannu gamanisabahudu. ida llade, endu emba padada sahAyadinda aNakisuva kelavu padagaLannu etti hELalu sAdhyavide (udA: jO jO endu hADu). Adare I eraDaneya vidhAnadalli baruva aNakisuva padagaLannu guNapadagaLendu kareyuvudu kaShTa.
kelavu aNakisuva padagaLu ane emba pratyayada sahAyadinda guNa padagaLAgiyU mattu isu emba pratyayada sahAyadinda kriyApada gaLAgiyU baLakeyAgaballuvu (೬.೪ nODi). intaha asvatantra dhAtu gaLu kriyAdhAtugaLE athavA guNadhAtugaLE embudannu niShkxShTavAgi hELalu sAdhyavilla.
gamagamane gamagamisu taLataLane taLataLisu baDabaDane baDabaDisu gahagahane gahagahisu
kannaDadalli baLakeyAguvantaha aNakisuva padagaLa akShara svarUpa dalli kelavu vaySiShTyagaLive. avugaLallella modalige ondu vyanjana bandiruttade. modalige svara bandiruva aNakisuva pada kannaDadalli bahuSaH illavendE hELalU sAdhyavide. idallade, jODiyAgi baruva padagaLalli (udA: kaTakaTane, caTacaTane, ityAdi) ottakSharavAgali, udda svaravAgali kANisuvudilla, mattu I rIti jODiyAgi bAradiruva padagaLalli (udA: barane, Dabbane, paTArane, kabakkane, sarakkane, ityAdi) ottakSharavAgali, uddasvaravAgali kANisadiruvudilla.
೭.೪ pratyayagaLa baLake
asvatantra guNadhAtugaLinda guNapadagaLannu tayArisuvudakkAgi kelavu pratyayagaLu aniyamitavAgi baLakeyAguttave. kem-kempu, kari-kappu, taN-tampu embavugaLalli kANisuva pu emba pratyaya intahadu. Adare, hoLe-hoLapu, biLi-biLupu, mudi-muppu embavugaLalli idE pratyaya guNapadagaLinda nAmapadagaLannu tayArisuvudakkAgi baLakeyAgide embu dannu gamanisabahudu.
kem-kencu embudaralli cu emba pratyaya baLakeyAgide, mattu idE pratyaya mune-monacu embudaralli nAmapadadinda guNapada vondannu tayArisalu baLakeyAgide. mum-munce embudaralli ce emba innondu pratyaya baLakeyAgide, mattu idE pratyaya koLe- koLace embudaralli kriyApadadinda guNapada (illavE nAmapada)vannu tayArisalu baLakeyAgide. tumbu-tumba (tumbA), agalu-agali embavugaLalli kriyApadadinda guNapadavannu tayArisalu a (illavE A) emba pratyaya bandiruvudannu kANabahudu.
nAmapadagaLondige baraballa guNapadagaLinda kriyApadagaLondige baraballa guNapadagaLannu tayArisuvudakkAgiyU kelavu pratyayagaLa baLakeyAguttade. ivugaLalli age embudE prAmukhyavAdudu. I pratyayada baLakeyannu keLagina guNapadagaLalli kANabahudu.
| ತೆಳು | ತೆಳ್ಳಗೆ | ಬಿಳಿ | ಬೆಳ್ಳಗೆ |
| ಕರಿ | ಕರಗೆ | ಬಿಸಿ | ಬೆಚ್ಚಗೆ |
| ಸಪ್ಪೆ | ಸಪ್ಪಗೆ | ಮಿದು | ಮೆತ್ತಗೆ |
| ಒಳ | ಒಳಗೆ | ಮೆಲು | ಮೆಲ್ಲಗೆ |
| ಹೊರ | ಹೊರಗೆ | ಗುಂಡು | ಗುಂಡಗೆ |
| ಕೆಳ | ಕೆಳಗೆ | ಕೆಂಪು | ಕೆಂಪಗೆ |
| ತಣ್ | ತಣ್ಣಗೆ | ದುಂಡು | ದುಂಡಗೆ |
| ನುಣ್ | ನುಣ್ಣಗೆ | ನೀಟ | ನೆಟ್ಟಗೆ |
I pratyayavannu sErisidAga guNapadadalli aniyamitavAgi bEre bEre rItiya badalAvaNegaLu naDeyuttave. udAharaNegAgi, biLi, bisi mattu midu embavugaLa modalaneya akSharadalliruva ikAra ekAra vAguttade. (nijakkU illi naDediruva cAritrika badalAvaNe idakke viruddhavAdudu: pUrvada haLegannaDadalli I svara ellA kaDegaLallU ekAravAgittu; Adare anantara biLi, bisi modalAdavugaLa eraDaneya
akSharadalli ikAra bandideyAda kAraNa adu ikAravAgittu, mattu beccage, beLLage modalAda padagaLa eraDaneya akSharadalli ikArada badalu akAravideyAda kAraNa, A ekAra badalAgade hAgeyE uLi dittu.)
age emba pratyayavannoLagonDiruva bEreyU kelavu guNapada gaLu kannaDadalliveyAdarU avakke nEravAgi bEre guNapadagaLondige sambandhavannu sAdhisalu sAdhyavAguvudilla. udAharaNegAgi teppage emba padavannu teravu emba nAmapadadondige hOlisidAga adaralli I pratyayavideyendu anisuttade. I age emba pratyaya nAmapada gaLondige baruva ge emba vibhakti pratyayakke sambandhiside embudannu kone emba nAmapadadinda tayArAgiruva konege emba pada sUcisu ttade.
nijakkU vibhakti pratyayagaLondige baruva nAmapadagaLigU mattu kriyApadagaLondige baruva guNapadagaLigU naDuve hattirada sambandha vide. vibhakti pratyayagaLu nAmapadagaLannu kriyApadagaLondige sambandhi suttave mattu I kAraNakkAgi, avu ondu rItiyalli guNapadagaLa hAge kriyApadagaLa viSEShaNagaLAgiveyendU hELalu sAdhyavide.
೭.೫ sArAmSa
guNapadagaLa racaneyallU pratyayagaLa baLake jAstiyilla. nAmapada gaLondige baraballa guNapadagaLinda kriyApadagaLondige baraballa guNa padagaLannu tayArisuvudakkAgi mAtra, halavu padagaLalli kANisikoLLuva age emba pratyaya baLakeyAguttade. idannu biTTare pratyayagaLa baLake heccAgi kANisikoLLuvudu SabdagaLannu illavE anubhavagaLannu aNakisu vantaha padagaLa baLakeyalli mAtra.