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bhAga nAlku kannaDa bhASheya svarUpa

kannaDa bhAShe ondu Urinalli iruva hAge innondu Urinalli iruvu dilla; ondu samAja illavE jAtiyalli iruva hAge innondu samAja illavE jAtiyalli iruvudilla; ondu kAladalli iruva hAge innondu kAladalli iruvudilla. bEre bEre Uru, samAja mattu kAlagaLalli adu I rIti bhinna bhinnavAgi kANisalu mukhyavAgi kAla dinda kAlakke adaralli naDeyuva badalAvaNegaLE kAraNavendu hELa bahudu.

I badalAvaNegaLu bEre bEre UrugaLalli bEre bEreyAgi naDeyalu A UrugaLalli vAsisuva janara naDuve samparka kaDime yAgiruvudE kAraNa. udAharaNegAgi, karAvaLiya UrugaLigU karNATakada itara UrugaLigU naDuve paScima ghaTTagaLindAgi hindina kAladalli paraspara samparka bahaLa kaDimeyiddirabEku. idarindAgi, karAvaLiya kannaDadalli naDeda badalAvaNegaLu itara pradESagaLalli baLake yalliruva kannaDada prabhEdagaLalli naDeda badalAvaNegaLiginta bhinnavAda dAriyannu hiDidirabEku, mattu idarindAgi ivattu karAvaLiyalli baLakeyalliruva kannaDa itara pradESagaLalli baLakeyalliruva kannaDakkinta bhinnavAgi kANisuttide.

bEre bEre samAja illavE jAtigaLallU idE rItiyalli paraspara samparka kaDimeyAdaShTU A samAja illavE jAtigaLige sErida janara mAtugaLalli badalAvaNegaLu bEre bEre dikkinalli naDeyuttave, mattu idarindAgi avu kramENa ondakkinta ondu bhinnavAgatoDaguttave. hIge, kAla, Uru mattu samAjagaLa naDuve kANisuva vyatyAsagaLigella bhAShe kAladinda kAlakke badalAguttiruvudE mukhya kAraNa.

kannaDadalli I rIti kAla, dESa, mattu samAjagaLige sambandhisi dante entaha vyatyAsagaLella ive emba viShayadalli innU bahaLaShTu samSOdhanegaLu naDeyuva avaSyakateyide. I samSOdhanegaLu hEge munduvariyabEku embudannu I vibhAgada modala eraDu lEkhana gaLu sUcisuttave.

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kannaDada mUru mukhagaLu

kannaDa vyAkaraNada viShayadallU nAvu kaliyabEkAgiruva viShaya gaLu halavive. kannaDada heccina vayyAkaraNigaLU samskxta illavE ingliSh bhASheya vyAkaraNavannu mAdariyAgirisikonDu kannaDakke vyAkaraNavannu racisiruvante kANisuttade.

kannaDa bhAShe I eraDu bhAShegaLiginta tIra bhinnavAgiruva kAraNa, intaha vyAkaraNagaLu adara padagaLa mattu vAkyagaLa racanegaLannu sariyAgi pratibimbisalAravu. kannaDa vyAkaraNakke adaradE Ada ondu vyAkaraNa parampareyannu siddhapaDisuvudu yAke avaSya embudannu I vibhAgada mundina eraDu lEkhanagaLu sUcisuttave.

kannaDa padagaLa Antarika racane mattu caritreyantahadu embudannu nirdharisuvalli samSOdhanegU kavitvakkU naDuve gharShaNegaLunTAgalu sAdhyavide. kelavu sandarbhagaLalli kavitva elle mIruttideyendu samSOdhane tiLisabahudEnO embudannu aydaneya lEkhana sUcisu ttade.

kannaDadalli hosa hosa vicAragaLannu pratipAdisalu mattu itara bhAShegaLinda antaha vicAragaLannu Amadu mADikoLLalu adara pada rASiyannu vxddhisuva avaSyakate kanDubaruttade. idannu hEge naDesa bEku? hEge naDesidalli I padavxddhi kannaDada sAhajikateyannu keDisa diddItu emba viShayavannu Araneya lEkhana parIkShisuttade.

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೪.೧ kannaDada mUru mukhagaLu

karNATakadalli heccina janarU kannaDavannADuttAremba viShaya namagella gottide. I ADugannaDa haLLiyinda haLLige, jilleyinda jillege, mattu jAtiyinda jAtige badalAguttA naDeyuvudembudU namage gottide.

maysUrina mandi ondu tarada kannaDavannADuttArAdare, mangaLUri navaru innondu tara, dhAravADadavaru mattondu tara, mattu bIdar navaru magadondu tara. iShTE alla, maysUru jilleyallEnE koLLe gAlada kannaDa, nanjanagUDina kannaDa, mattu heggaDadEvana kOTeya kannaDagaLa naDuve vyatyAsavide.

I rIti Urininda Urige vyatyAsavide mAtravalla, ondE haLLi yalli vAsisuva janarallU brAhmaNara mAtu, okkaligara mAtu, Adi karNATakara mAtu embuvella bEre bErAgive.

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vyatyAsagaLa niyamabaddhate

kannaDadalli iShTella vyatyAsagaLiveyembudannu nAvella tiLidiruvevAdarU I vyatyAsagaLu entahavu, ivugaLa vyAptiyEnu embudannu iduvarege spaShTavAgi yArU vivarisilla. SAstrIyavAda abhyAsa naDesidalli, I vyatyAsagaLa hinde niScitavAdondu niyamavide embudara arivAga bahudu.

udAharaNegAgi, maysUrinavaru mane ennuttArAdare, dhAravADa davaru mani ennuttAre. maysUrina haNe dhAravADadalli haNiyAgu ide, kere keriyAguttade, gere geriyAguttade. maysUru kannaDada nAmapadagaLa koneyalli baruva ekAragaLella dhAravADa kannaDadalli ikAravAguttadeyembudE I vyatyAsada hindiruva niyama.

maysUru jilleyoLagEnE huNasUrinalli hakki endu hELuvudakke nanjanagUDinalli akki ennuttAre; huNasUrina hAlu nanjanagUDinalli Alu endAguttade; hambu ambu endAguttade, hAvu avu endAguttade. padagaLa Adiyalli baruva hakAragaLella nanjanagUDina kannaDadalli lOpagonDive embudE I vyatyAsada hindiruva niyama.

koLLEgAladalli ekArAntavAgiruva kriyApadagaLella nanjanagUDi nalli ikArAntavAguttaveyembudu intahadE innondu niyama. koLLEgAladalli bare endiruvudu nanjanagUDinalli bari endAguttade; age agiyAguttade, kare kariyAguttade, oDe oDiyAguttade. Adare I niyama kriyApadagaLige mAtra anvayisuttade, nAmapadagaLige anvayisuvudilla embudannu gamanisabEku.

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vyatyAsagaLa vyApti

ondu Urininda innondu Urige ADugannaDadalli tOribaruva vyatyAsagaLu hIge niyamabaddhavAgive mAtravalla, avugaLigondu niScita vAda vyAptiyU ide. udAharaNegAgi, padada Adiyalliruva hakAravu biddu hOguvudemba niyamavannu gamanisabahudu.

maysUru jilleya huNasUru, ke.Ar.nagara, mattu piriyA paTTaNagaLalli padagaLa Adiyalli baruva hakAravannu janaru spaShTavAgiyE uccarisuttAre. huNasUru biTTu heggaDadEvana kOTege hOdevAdare alli padagaLa Adiyalli baruva hakAragaLella lOpagonDiruvudannu

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kannaDada mUru mukhagaLu

kANabahudu. munde gunDlupETe, cAmarAja nagara, ti.narasIpura, nanjanagUDu, koLLEgAla modalAda kaDegaLallU hakAravu hIge lOpagonDiruvudannu kANabahudu.

I rIti hakAra lOpa ellelli naDedide mattu ellelli naDedilla embudannu haLLiyinda haLLige suttADi kUlankaSavAgi abhyAsa mADide vAdare, maysUrina nakSheyalli ondu spaShTavAda ‘hakArada gere’ yanneLeyalu sAdhyavAdItu. I gere nanjanagUDu-huNasUrugaLa naDuve, heggaDadEvana kOTeya paScimakkAgi hAyditu.

I gere maysUru jilleyannu mAtravalla, iDI karNATakavannE eraDu bhAgagaLAgi vingaDisuttideyendu tOruttade. idara ondu tudi maysUru jilleyallideyAdare, innondu tudi gulbarga mattu SAbAd‌gaLa naDuve hAdu Andhrada gaDiyannu muTTuva hAge kANisuttade. I eraDu tudigaLa naDuve I gere yAva yAva jille gaLannella kattarisuttade, idara nijavAda svarUpavEnu embudannu tiLiyalu manDya, hAsana, cikkamagaLUru modalAda jillegaLalli sancarisi allina janara mAtannu gamanisabEku.

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age-Agi gere

kannaDadalli (guddaliyinda) age, mattu (bAyiyalli) agi embudAgi eraDu kriyApadagaLiveyaShTe. maysUru jilleya bEre bEre tAlUku gaLalli ivakke eraDu rUpagaLive:

(೧) koLLEgAla mattu ti.narasIpuragaLalli iveraDU Agi emba ondE rUpavannu tALuttave.

(೨) huNasUru mattu ke.Ar.nagara tAlUkugaLalli iveraDU ikAradalli konegoLLuttave; Adare, I padagaLalli modalige baruva akAradalli vyatyAsa taledOride: guddaliyinda agi, bAyiyalli a’gi. illi ekArAntavAda kriyApadagaLella ikArAntavAgive; Adare, hinde ikArAntavAgidda kriyApadagaLalli modalige baruva akAragaLella a’kAragaLAgiveyemba niyama kanDubaruttide.

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kanda-kanDa gere

maysUru kannaDada innondu vaySiShTyavEnendare, kannaDada mADi konDa, tindukonDa embantaha padagaLallAguva parivartane:

(೧) nanjanagUDu, cAmarAjanagara, ti.narasIpura mattu koLLE gAlagaLalli ivu mADkanda, tinDkanda endAguttave;

(೨) uLideDegaLalli mADkanDa, tinDkanDa endAguttave.

I ‘kanda-kanDa’ gere cAmarAjanagara mattu nanjanagUDugaLa paScimakkAgi hAyuttade. I gereya innondu kone elli embudannu tiLiyalu manDya mattu bengaLUru jillegaLalli vAsisuva janara mAtannu pariSIlisabEku.

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sAmAjika parimiti

iShTara varege kannaDadalli Urininda Urige kanDubaruva vyatyAsagaLa bhavgOLika parimiti illavE vyApti entahadembudannu pariSIlisidevu. ondE haLLiyalliyU kannaDavu jAtiyinda jAtige vyatyAsa hondu ttideyAda kAraNa, mElina niyamagaLigella ‘sAmAjika parimiti’yannU nirdharisuvudu avaSya.

udAharaNegAgi, padada Adiyalliruva hakAra bidduhOguttade yemba niyamavannu gamanisabahudu:

(೧) nanjanagUDina okkaligara illavE AdikarNATakara mAtinalli padAdiya hakAra heccu kaDime sampUrNavAgi bidduhOgide;

(೨) Adare, idE Urina brAhmaNara kannaDadalli I hakAra hAgeyE uLidukonDide.

jAtiyinda jAtige tOribaruva sAmAjika vyatyAsagaLU bhavgOLika vyatyAsagaLaShTE niyamabaddhavAgiruttave. udAharaNegAgi, nanjanagUDina okkaligara mattu AdikarNATakara mAtugaLannu hOlisi nODabahudu:

okkaligaru mane ennuvudakke AdikarNATakaru mana ennuttAre, aNe (haNe)ge aNa ennuttAre, talege tali ennuttAre, attege atta ennuttAre. nAmapadagaLa koneyalliruva ekAragaLella AdikarNATakara mAtinalli akAragaLAgiveyembudE I vyatyAsada hindiruva niyama.

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cAritrika parimiti

kannaDa bhASheyalli tOruva vyatyAsagaLige I rIti bhavgOLika mattu sAmAjika parimitigaLu mAtravallade, mUraneyadAda cAritrika parimitiyU ideyembudannu gamanisabEku: haLegannaDadalli bareda

pampana bhAShegU, naDugannaDadalli bareda basavaNNana vacanagaLa bhAShegU naDuve bahaLaShTu vyatyAsagaLive. mElina vyatyAsagaLa hAgeyE I vyatyAsagaLU niyamabaddhavAgive.

pampana kannaDadalli padagaLa Adiyalli baruttidda pakAragaLella naDu gannaDadalli mattu indina kannaDadalli hakAragaLAgiveyembudu intaha niyamabaddhavAda cAritrika vyatyAsagaLalli ondu.

bhavgOLika, sAmAjika mattu cAritrikagaLemba I mUru mukhya badalAvaNegaLindAgi kannaDadalli bEre bEre prabhEdagaLErpaTTive. ivannu kUlankaSavAgi abhyAsa mADade, namma kannaDada jYAna pUrNavAgadu.

ondondu kAladalli ondondu prabhEda lEkhanayOgyavendu parigaNitavAguttiruvudu kanDubaruttide. hIge parigaNitavAgadE iruva prabhEdagaLu tappu illavE grAmya endu tegaLuvudu sariyalla. kannaDada mUru mukhagaLantiruva I mUru vidhavAda bhAShAprabhEdagaLu sari samanAda gavravakke arhavAdavugaLu. avugaLoLage kILu mElilla.

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೪.೨ kannaDada upabhAShegaLu

kannaDa bhAShe kAladinda kAlakke, Urininda Urige, mattu samAjadinda samAjakke bhinnavAgiruvudu kanDubaruttade. hanneraDanE SatamAnadallidda pampana kAlada kannaDa, hadinaydanE SatamAnadallidda basavaNNana kAlada kannaDa, mattu ippattanE SatamAnada ivattina kannaDagaLa naDuve halavAru vyatyAsagaLu kANisuttiddu, ivella mukhyavAgi kAladinda kAlakke kannaDa bhAShe badalAguttA hOdudara pariNAmavendu hELabahudu.

idE rItiyalli, karAvaLiya kannaDa. maysUrina kannaDa, mattu dhAravADada kannaDagaLa naDuve halavAru vyatyAsagaLu kANisuttiddu, ivella bEre bEre pradESagaLalli kannaDa bhAShe bEre bEre rItiyalli badalAvaNegonDudara pariNAmavendu hELabahudu.

ondE Urinalli vAsisuva bEre bEre samAja(jAti)gaLa naDuveyU kannaDa bhASheyalli halavu bageya vyatyAsagaLu kANisuttave. udAharaNegAgi, karAvaLi karnATakada suLyadalli havyakaru baLasuva kannaDakkU gavDaru baLasuva kannaDakkU naDuve halakelavu vyatyAsagaLive. ivu bEre bEre samAjagaLalli kannaDa bhAShe bEre bEre rItiyalli badalAvaNegonDudara pariNAmavendu hELabahudu.

ondu bhAShege entaha upabhAShegaLella ive emba praSnege uttara hELalu A bhAShe bEre bEre kAlagaLalli, bEre bEre UrugaLalli, mattu bEre bEre samAjagaLalli yAva rItiyallella baLakeyallittu mattu baLakeyallide, A baLakegaLa naDuve entaha vyatyAsagaLella ive emba viShayavannu kUlankaSavAgi pariSIlisuva avaSyakateyide. kannaDada maTTige I viShayadalli sAkaShTu samSOdhanegaLu naDedillavAda kAraNa, I praSnege spaShTavAda uttaravannu koDuvudu sadyakkantU kaShTasAdhya.

namage tiLidiruva maTTige, kelavu mukhyavAda amSagaLannu mAtravE illi sUcisalu sAdhya. Adare hIge mADuvudarinda, innu munde kannaDadalli entaha samSOdhanegaLella naDeyabEku embudannu Uhisi koLLalu sAdhyavide.

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kannaDada vibhajane

cAritrika vayvidhyateyannAdharisi kannaDavannu pUrayda haLegannaDa, haLegannaDa, naDugannaDa, mattu hosagannaDa embudAgi nAlku mukhya upabhAShe gaLAgi vibhajisalAgide. I vibhajaneyannu chEdisuvante, prAdESika vayvidhyateyannAdharisi kannaDavannu karAvaLiya paScima kannaDa mattu oLanADina pUrva kannaDa embudAgiyU, ivugaLalli pUrva kannaDa vannu dakShiNa (maysUru) kannaDa mattu uttara (dhAravADa) kannaDa embudAgiyU vingaDisabahudu.

sAmAjika vayvidhyateyannAdharisi kannaDavannu soliga, baDaga, mattu itara embudAgiyU, mattu itara embudannu bEre bEre samAja illavE jAtigaLannAdharisi bEre bEre upabhAShegaLannAgiyU vingaDisa bahudu. Adare mEle sUcisidante, I mUru vibhajanegaLU onda nnondu chEdisuvuvAda kAraNa, avugaLalli ondannu innondarinda pratyEkisi hELuvudu kaShTa.

udAharaNegAgi, karAvaLi (paScima) mattu oLanADu (pUrva) emba prAdESika vibhajane pUrvada haLegannaDakkintalU haLeyadAgide; hAgAgi, pUrvada haLegannaDa, haLegannaDa, naDugannaDa mattu hosagannaDa emba I nAlku upabhAShegaLa kAladallU pUrva-paScimavemba prAdESika vibhajaneyiddirabEkendu hELabahudu.

karAvaLiyalli baLakeyalliruva havyaka emba prabhEdadalli karAvaLi yallEnE dakShiNa mattu uttara pradESagaLa naDuve vyatyAsagaLive; hAgAgi, alliyU sAmAjika prabhEdavannu prAdESika prabhEda chEdisu

tideyendu hELabahudu. idallade, soliga mattu baDaga embavuga LeraDu kelavu viSiShTavAda pradESagaLalli mAtra baLakeyallive; hAgAgi, avugaLa maTTige sAmAjika mattu prAdESika amSagaLeraDu oTTu sErive yendu hELabahudu.

idallade, mEle hELiruva pUrvada haLegannaDa, haLegannaDa, naDu gannaDa, mattu hosagannaDa emba vibhajane bariya cAritrika vibhajane yalla. yAkendare, bEre bEre kAlagaLalli bEre bEre sAmAjika mattu prAdESika prabhEdagaLu SAsanagaLalli mattu kAvyagaLalli baLakeyAgalu sAdhyaviddu, ivu bEre bEre sAmAjika mattu prAdESika prabhEdagaLannU pratinidhIkarisalu sAdhyavide.

udAharaNegAgi, haLegannaDavembudu mukhyavAgi jayna lEkhakarinda racitavAgiruva kAvyagaLalli kANisuva prabhEdavAdare, naDugannaDavembudu mukhyavAgi lingAyatara kxtigaLalli kANisuva prabhEda. hAgAgi, ivu cAritrika amSagaLalli mAtravallade, sAmAjika amSadallU ondakkinta ondu bhinnavAgiveyendu hELabEkAguttade. idE rItiyalli, hosa gannaDa halavu viShayagaLalli maysUrina kannaDavannu hOluttade; hAgAgi, adannU Adhunika kannaDavendu parigaNisuvudu mAtravallade, dakShiNada ondu prAdESika prabhEdavendU parigaNisabEkAguttade.

kannaDa bhAShege entaha upabhAShegaLella ive emba praSnege uttara hELalu I rIti kAla, pradESa, mattu samAjagaLemba I mUru pramANagaLannU oTTAgi gamanadallirisikoLLuvudu avaSya. kAladinda kAlakke kannaDa bhAShe yAva rItiyallella badalAguttA bandide embu dannu tiLiyuvudara mUlaka, adu kaLeda ondUvare sAvira varShagaLalli hEge bEre bEre kavalugaLAgi oDedide embudannu nirdharisabahudu. idakkAgi I ondUvare sAvira varShagaLalli racitavAgiruva kannaDada SAsanagaLannu mattu itara granthagaLannu, avugaLannu racisida samayava nnAdharisi, pariSIlisuvudu avaSya.

idallade, kannaDada Adhunika prabhEdagaLa naDuve kANisuva vyatyAsa gaLannu sangrahisi, avakke kAraNagaLAgiruva badalAvaNegaLu entahavu, mattu avugaLalli yAvuvu modalu mattu yAvuvu anantara naDedira bahudu, endare avugaLa kAlavyavasthe entahadu embudannu tiLiyuvu dara mUlakavU kannaDa bhASheya caritreyannu, mattu adara sAmAjika hAgU prAdESika prabhEdagaLa caritreyannu kalpisikoLLalu baruttade.

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karAvaLi mattu oLanADina kannaDa

kannaDada upabhAShegaLannu mukhyavAgi karAvaLiya kannaDa mattu oLa nADina kannaDa embudAgi vingaDisuva avaSyakateyide. sAmAnyavAgi, kannaDa bhASheya caritreyannu bareyuvavaru adu modalige uttara mArga mattu dakShiNa mArga emba eraDu kavalugaLAgi oDedideyendu hELuvudE rUDhi. nxpatungana kavirAjamArgadalli, eraDanE nAga varmana kAvyAvalOkanadalli, mattu bhaTTAkaLankana SabdAnuSAsanadalli I rIti kannaDadalli uttara mattu dakShiNa mArgagaLiveyendu hELiru vudu idakke mukhya AdhAravirabEku.

Adare, kannaDa kavigaLa mattu vayyAkaraNigaLa I hELike kannaDada prabhEdagaLannu ALavAgi abhyAsa mADi siddhapaDisida hELikeya hAge kANisuvudilla. samskxtadalli uttaramArga mattu dakShiNamArgagaLemba eraDu prabhEdagaLiveyembudAgi kAvyAdarSadalli danDi hELiruva mAtannu hAgeyE kannaDakkU aLavaDisuvudara mUlaka, I vibhajane yannu siddapaDisiruva hAge kANisuttade. danDiya I mAtige samskxta dalli gavDi mattu vaydarbhigaLemba eraDu SayligaLiddudE kAraNa. kannaDadallU uttara-dakShiNa bhEdaviruvudu nijavAdarU, adu karAvaLi-oLanADu (illavE paScima-pUrva) emba bhEdadaShTu mukhya vAdudalla.

Adhunika vidvAmsarU I mElina hELikeyannu heccina parAmarSege guripaDisida hAge kANuvudilla. udAharaNegAgi, SrIkanThayya mattu venkaNNayya avara prakAra “dhArvADa(uttara karNATaka)da kannaDakkU maysUru kannaDakkU iruvaShTu bhEdavu mangaLUru kannaDakkU maysUru kannaDakkU iruvudilla”. mElininda mEle nODidAga I mAtu sariyendu tOruttade; Adare, illi maysUru mattu dhAravADa kannaDagaLondige hOlisiruvudu mangaLUrina barahada kannaDavannallade, allina kannaDigara mAtinalli baLakeyalliruva havyaka, kOTa, gavDa, hAlakki modalAda prabhEdagaLannalla.

barahada kannaDa karnATakadalli elleDeyallU heccu kaDime ondE taravAgide. kelavu viSiShTavAda barahagaLalli mAtra mAtina kannaDa baLake yAguttiddu, sAhitigaLu adannu baLasi prAdESika mattu sAmAjika vayvidhyateyannu tOrisikoDalu prayatnisuttAre. mangaLUrina (sAhiti gaLa) barahagaLallU I rIti kelavu prAdESika amSagaLannu kANalu sAdhya. Adare, ivu dhAravADa illavE maysUrina barahagaLalli kANisuva hAge, allinavara mAtannu pUrtiyAgi tOrisikoDalu yatni

suvudilla. hAge mADidalli A barahagaLu itara kannaDigarige svalpavU arthavAgadembudE idakke kAraNavirabahudu.

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kelavu mukhyavAda vyatyAsagaLu

karAvaLiya kannaDigara ADumAtannu oLanADina kannaDigara ADumAti nondige hOlisi nODidevAdare, avugaLa naDuve halavAru mukhya vAda vyatyAsagaLiruvudannu kANabahudu. maysUru kannaDa mattu dhAravADa kannaDagaLa naDuviruva vyatyAsagaLiginta ivu oTTu sankhyeyalli mAtravallade, kAlada maTTigU heccu prAcInavAdavugaLAgive. ivu gaLalli kelavu pUrvada haLegannaDakkintalU hindina kAladalli, endare sumAru eraDu sAvira varShagaLaShTu hinde naDeda badalAvaNegaLinda siddavAdavugaLirabEku.

udAharaNegAgi, karAvaLiya kannaDa prabhEdagaLalli madhyamapuruSha samAviShTa mattu asamAviShTa embudAgi uttamapuruShadalli eraDu rUpagaLive: havyakadalli nAvu embudakke ‘nIvU kUDa’ emba samAviShTa arthavideyAdare, engo embudakke ‘nimmannu biTTu nAvu mAtra’ emba asamAviShTa arthavide. kriyApadagaLa padarUpa gaLallU havyakadalli I vyatyAsa kANisuttade.

madhyamapuruSha samAviShTa mattu asamAviShTa emba I vyatyAsa haLegannaDadalli (udA: pampana kAvyagaLalli) nAm mattu Am emba sarvanAmagaLalli kANisuttade; Adare, naDugannaDa mattu hosagannaDa gaLalli kANisuvudilla. haLegannaDadallU I vyatyAsa kriyApadagaLa padarUpagaLalli kANisuvudilla.

vyAkaraNada maTTige karAvaLiya kannaDa prabhEdagaLigU oLanADina prabhEdagaLigU naDuve innU halavAru vyatyAsagaLiddu, avugaLalli kelavannu pariSIlisidAga, karAvaLiya kannaDa prabhEdagaLu haLegannaDa kkintalU hindina kAladallEnE oLanADina prabhEdagaLinda bhinnavAgiddira bEkembudannu sUcisuttave.

udAharaNegAgi, mUladrAviDadalli kriyApadagaLige t pratyaya vannu sErisi Aguvikeyannu mADuvikeyannAgi mArpaDisalAguttittu; I pratyaya kannaDa mattu tuLu bhAShegaLannu horatupaDisi, ellA drAviDa bhAShegaLallU uLidukonDide. kannaDadalli idu barE paLeyuLikeyAgi aDagu ‘mareyAgu’: aDaku ‘maremADu’, amugu ‘ottihOgu’:

amuku ‘ottu’, turugu ‘otti tumbiru’ : turuku ‘otti tumbisu’ embantaha kelavE kelavu kriyApadajODigaLalli mAtra kANisuttade.

Adare baDaga kannaDadalli mattu havyaka kannaDadalli ivattigU I pratyayada baLake uLidukonDide. havyakada muruttu ‘muriyitu’ : murudattu ‘murida’, oDattu ‘oDeyitu’ : oDadattu ‘oDeda’, marattu ‘maretuhOyitu’: maredattu ‘mareta’ embantaha rUpa jODigaLalli I pratyayada baLakeyannu kANabahudu.

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dhvani parivartanegaLu

karAvaLiya I kannaDa prabhEdagaLu haLegannaDakkinta hindinavembudannu avugaLalli kANisuva bEre kelavu dhvani parivartanegaLa AdhArada mElU sAdhisaballevu. udAharaNegAgi, enTu-ombattanE SatamAnadalli naDeda (೧) ekAra ikAravAguva, mattu (೨) okAra ukAravAguva badalA vaNe karAvaLiya kannaDa prabhEdagaLalli naDedilla, Adare haLegannaDa-naDu gannaDagaLalli mattu oLanADina ivattina prabhEdagaLalli naDedive.

padagaLa modalanE akSharadalli ekAra illavE okAra bandiddu, adara anantara yAvudAdarondu otte vyanjana, mattu A vyanjanada baLika ukAra illavE ikAra bandideyAdare, modalanE akSharada ekAra ikAravAguttade, mattu okAra ukAravAguttade embudE I mArpADina svarUpa.

enTu-ombattanE SatamAnada SAsanagaLalli kANisuva edir, keDisu, kesu ‘kempu’, periya ‘doDDa’ modalAda padagaLu AmElina SAsanagaLalli anukramavAgi idiru, kiDisu, kisu, piriya embu dAgiyU, tolu ‘dana’, pogu ‘pravESisu’ modalAda padagaLu tulu, pugu embudAgiyU badalAgiruvudu idakke udAharaNe.

mEle sUcisida hAge, karAvaLiya kannaDa prabhEdagaLalli I badalA vaNe naDedilla. udAharaNegAgi, havyakada eduru, keDu, heriyOru ‘doDDavaru’, hogu modalAda padagaLalli ekAra, mattu kemi ‘kivi’, beLi ‘biLi’, eragu ‘iruve’, soli ‘suli’, torusu ‘turisu’, toLi ‘tuLi’ modalAda padagaLalli ikAra badalAgade uLidiruvudannu kANa bahudu.

idallade, karAvaLiya itara kannaDa prabhEdagaLallU I badalAvaNe naDedillavembudakke hAlakki okkaligara kannaDadalli kANisuva eduru, kevi ‘kivi’, beLi ‘biLi’, heri, tori ‘turisu’ modalAda padagaLannu, mattu

suLyada gavDara kannaDadalli kANisuva kebi ‘kivi’, bedar ‘bidiru’, kodi ‘kudi’ toLi ‘tuLi’ modalAda padagaLannu udAharisabahudu.

enTu-ombattanE SatamAnadalli naDedidda I badalAvaNe I rIti karAvaLiya kannaDa prabhEdagaLalli naDediralillavAda kAraNa, kannaDadalli karAvaLi-oLanADu (illavE paScima-pUrva) emba prAdESika prabhEda haLegannaDada kAlakkintalU hindeyE siddhavAgittu endu hELalu baru ttade.

Adare, kannaDadalli I badalAvaNeya anantara bEreyU halavu badalAvaNegaLu naDediddu, avugaLalli kelavu karAvaLi mattu oLanADina prabhEdagaLeraDarallU kANisuttave; Adare, innu kelavu badalAvaNegaLu oLanADina prabhEdagaLalli mAtra kANisuttave, mattu bEre kelavu karAvaLiya prabhEdagaLalli mAtra kANisuttave.

udAharaNegAgi, sumAru ombattanE SatamAnadalli naDeyalu suruvAgidda pakAra hakAravAguva badalAvaNe kannaDada ellA prabhEda gaLallU kANisuttade. I badalAvaNege karAvaLiya prabhEdagaLu apavAdagaLalla. pAl>hAlu, puli>huli, pO>hOgu, pogal>hogaLu modalAda padagaLalli I badalAvaNe naDediruvu dannu kANabahudu. idE rItiyalli, hattu-hannondanE SatamAnadalli naDeda LikAra LakAravAguva badalAvaNeyU kannaDada ellA prabhEda gaLallU kANisuttade. ali ‘nASavAgu’>aLi, pulu>huLa, pogal> hogaLu, ele ‘eLedADu’ > eLe, balisu ‘upayOgisu’ > baLasu modalAda padagaLalli I badalAvaNeyannu kANabahudu.

Adare, dIrgha svarada anantara, illavE mUrakSharada padagaLalli eraDanE svarada anantara baruva anunAsikavu adara anantara ondu sparSavyanjana bandAga lOpagoLLuva badalAvaNe haLegannaDada kAla kkinta anantara naDeda badalAvaNe. idu oLanADina kannaDa prabhEdagaLalli naDedideyAdarU, karAvaLiya prabhEdagaLalli naDedilla. havyakada dAnTu ‘dATu’, nUnku ‘nUku’, sAnku ‘sAku’, kalinku ‘kalaku’, kADinge ‘kADige’, marango ‘maragaLu’ modalAda padagaLannu mattu padarUpa gaLannu idakke udAharaNegaLAgi koDabahudu.

AdicakAra, jakAra mattu gakAragaLa anantara baruva akAra ekAra vAguva badalAvaNe karAvaLiyalli mAtra naDedide; Adare, oLanADinalli naDedilla. havyakada jegili ‘jagali’, ceppara ‘cappara’, ganDu ‘ganDu’,

geDDe ‘gaDDe’, geDDe ‘gaDDa’ modalAda padagaLannu idakke udAharaNe gaLAgi koDabahudu.

ondu bhAShe halakelavu upabhAShegaLAgi oDeda mElU adaralli naDeyuva badalAvaNegaLu adara ellA upabhAShegaLannU bAdhisalu sAdhyavide. pakAra hakAravAgiruva, mattu vakAra bakAravAgiruva badalAvaNegaLu kannaDadalli intahavendu hELabahudu.

kelavu badalAvaNegaLu ondu pradESadalli baLakeyalliruva ellA bhAShegaLannU oTTAgi bAdhisalu sAdhyavide. udAharaNegAgi, uttarada kannaDa prabhEdavannu bAdhisida cakAra ts mattu c embudAgi oDedu koLLuva badalAvaNe kannaDavannu mAtravallade telugu mattu marAThi bhAShegaLannu bAdhiside; Adare, kannaDadalli idu uttarada upabhAShe gaLannu mAtra bAdhiside, dakShiNadavannu bAdhisilla.

idakke badalAgi, kelavu badalAvaNegaLu ondu bhASheya kelavu upabhAShegaLannu mAtra bAdhisi, uLiduvannu sparSisadiralu sAdhyavide. udAharaNegAgi, mUrakSharada padagaLalli baruva eraDanE svara kelavu viSiShTavAda sandarbhagaLalli lOpagonDiruvudannu nAvu oLanADina kannaDa prabhEdagaLalli mAtra kANuttEve: kudure>Sudre, sAsive> sAsve, bAgilu>bAglu, angaDi>angli modalAda maysUru kannaDadalli naDediruva I badalAvaNe karAvaLiya kannaDadalli naDedilla.

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karAvaLiya kannaDa haLegannaDavE?

karAvaLiya kannaDa prabhEdagaLAgiruva havyaka, hAlakki, gavDa modalAdavu gaLannu kELidAga kelavarige haLegannaDavannu kELida hAge anisuttade. itara kannaDa prabhEdagaLalli naDediruva kelavu badalAvaNegaLu I prabhEdadalli naDeyadiddudE avarige hIge anisalu mukhya kAraNa.

udAharaNegAgi mEleye sUcisidante, itara prabhEdagaLalli naDedidda anunAsika lOpa havyakadalli naDedilla. I kAraNakkAgi, havyakada bahuvacana rUpagaLannu (marango, mangango ityAdi) kELidAga, mattu anunAsikavAgiruva bEre kelavu padagaLannu (dAnTu, nUnku, avunku modalAdavugaLannu) kELidAga haLegannaDa vannu kELidante anisuttade.

idE rItiyalli, haLegannaDada kriyApadagaLigidda bhaviShyadrUpagaLu mattu niShEdharUpagaLu havyakadalli mattu itara karAvaLiya prabhEda gaLalli naShTavAgade uLidive: bappe ‘bandEnu’, hOp ‘hOdEnu’,

timbe ‘tindEnu’, hOga ‘hOgalikkilla’, hADa ‘hADalikkilla’ modalAda havyakada padarUpagaLannu kELidAgalU avakke samanAgiruva haLegannaDa padarUpagaLannu kELida hAge anisuttade.

Adare I kAraNakkAgi karAvaLiya prabhEdagaLannu ‘haLegannaDa’vendu hELuvudu sariyalla. itara kannaDa prabhEdagaLa hAge avu hosagannaDada prabhEdagaLE. oLanADina prabhEdagaLalli naDeda kelavu badalAvaNegaLu karAvaLiya prabhEdagaLalli hEge naDedillavO, hAgeyE karAvaLiya prabhEdagaLalli naDeda kelavu badalAvaNegaLu oLanADina prabhEdagaLalli naDedilla. idarindAgi, ivu ondarindondu bhinnavAgiveyendu hELalu sAdhyavideyallade, ivugaLalli kelavannu hosagannaDavendU innu kelavannu haLegannaDavendU hELalu baruvudilla.

Adare, kannaDadalli halavu mandi barahagAraru I tappannu mADu vudu kANisuttade. haLatu-hosatu embudu ondu prabhEda yAva kAladalli baLakeyallide embudannu avalambisideyallade adara vyAkaraNa entahadu embudara mEle, illavE adara padagaLa racaneyalli entaha dhvanigaLella baLakeyAguttive embudara mEle avalambisilla.

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baDaga mattu soliga

haLegannaDa kAlada anantara, Adare hadinaydanE SatamAnakkinta modalu, baDaga mattu soliga emba I eraDu kannaDa prabhEdagaLu kannaDada itara oLanADina prabhEdagaLinda bErpaTTiruva hAge kANisuttade. haLegannaDa kAlada anantara, endare hadinAlku-hadinaydanE SatamAnadalli naDeda akAra rakAravAguva badalAvaNe I eraDu kannaDa prabhEdagaLallU naDe dilla. Adare, adakkinta modalu naDedidda badalAvaNegaLella ivugaLallU naDediruva hAge kANisuvudE hIge hELalu AdhAra.

udAharaNegAgi, soligara kannaDadalli aT ‘banDe’ : are ‘ardha’, iTu ‘iruve’ : iru ‘iru’, kaT ‘barahELu’ : kare ‘baTTeya kale’, UTu ‘kAlUru’ : Uru ‘haLLi’ modalAda padajODigaLalli akAra mattu rakAragaLu bhinnavAgi uLidiruvudannu kANabahudu.

idE rItiyalli, baDaga kannaDada maTu ‘karu’ : nari ‘nari’, mUru ‘mUru’ : mAru ‘ede’, bETu ‘kesaru’ : bEru ‘bEru’, mUru ‘muri’ : puri ‘huriyakki’ modalAda padajODigaLalli I vyatyAsa aLiyade uLidiruvudannu kANabahudu.

I badalAvaNeginta modalE naDedidda LakAra LakAravAguva badalAvaNe, pakAra hakAravAguva badalAvaNe modalAdavugaLella I eraDu prabhEdagaLallU naDediruva hAge kANisuvudAda kAraNa, ivu haLegannaDa kAlada baLika kavaloDedu bErAgirabEkendu sadyakke Uhisi koLLabahudu.

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oLanADina prabhEdagaLu

oLanADina kannaDadalli entaha prabhEdagaLella ive, adannu yAva rIti yallella vingaDisabahudu embudannu iduvarege yArU sariyAgi tiLidukoLLalu prayatnisilla. uttara mattu dakShiNa embudAgi eraDu mukhyavAda prabhEdagaLannu vidvAmsaru gamanisiruvarAdarU, nijakkU I eraDu oLanADina prabhEdagaLa naDuve entaha vyatyAsagaLella ive, avugaLa vyApti entahadu, mattu I vyatyAsagaLa AdhArada mEle oLanADina prabhEdagaLannu yAva rItiyalli vingaDisalu sAdhya emba viShayadalli paripUrNavAda mattu vyApakavAda samSOdhane innU naDedilla. kannaDa viSvavidyAlayavAgalI illavE karnATakada itara viSvavidyAlayagaLAgalI intaha samSOdhaneyannu kaygettikoLLuvudu avaSya.

udAharaNegAgi, hakAra lOpagoLLuva badalAvaNeyannu nAvu maysUru jilleyallU kANuttEve, baLLAri jilleyallU kANuttEve, mattu gulbarga jilleyallU kANuttEve. Adare, maysUru jille yallEnE ke.Ar.nagara, piriyApaTTaNa, mattu huNasUrina ondu bhAgadalli I badalAvaNe kANisuvudilla. uLida bhAgagaLalli mAtra kANisuttade.

illU kUDa, mElvargadavara kannaDadalli kANisuvudilla, madhyama mattu keLavargadavara kannaDadalli mAtra kANisuttade. gulbarga jilleyallU I badalAvaNe kelavu prabhEdagaLalli kANisuttade, Adare bEre kelavu prabhEdagaLalli kANisuvudilla.

nijakkU I badalAvaNeya vyAptiyEnu? bEre bEre pradESagaLalli kANisikoLLuva I hakAralOpa ondE badalAvaNeyE, illavE svatantravAgi naDeda bEre bEre badalAvaNegaLE? ondE badalAvaNe yAdare, idu kannaDavannu yAva rItiyalli vibhajisuttade? gulbargakkU maysUrigU naDuve I hakAralOpada gere hEge hariyuttade?

oLanADina upabhAShegaLa vibhajaneyalli adara sthAnavEnu? intaha halavAru praSnegaLige nammalli uttaravilla.

oLanADina kannaDa prabhEdagaLalli naDediruva ellA badalAvaNegaLa viShayadallU intahavE praSnegaLige uttaravannu kanDuhiDiyabEkAgide. idakkAgi karnATakada bEre bEre jillegaLannu ondondAgi ArisikonDu, avugaLalli entaha kannaDa prabhEdagaLella ive, mattu I prabhEdagaLa naDuve entaha vyatyAsagaLella ive embudAgi pariSIlaneyondannu naDesabEkAgide.

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maysUru kannaDada prabhEdagaLu

udAharaNegAgi, maysUru jilleya kannaDa prabhEdagaLannu gamanisa bahudu. sumAru mUvattu varShagaLa hinde nAnu ondu tingaLu I jilleyalli suttADi, bEre bEre UrugaLalli baLakeyalliruva kannaDa prabhEdagaLa naDuviruva vyatyAsagaLannu sangrahisidde. idu I jilleya samagra pariSIlaneyEnU alla; AdarU, kannaDa prabhEdagaLa kuritu entaha viShayagaLannu sangrahisalu sAdhya embudannu idu tOrisikoDa balludu.

samAjaSAstrajYa em.en.SrInivAs avaru hELuvante, maysUrina haLLigaLalli vAsisuva janarannu samAjada sampUrNa sadasyarAgiruvavaru, ardha sadasyarAgiruvavaru, mattu samAjadinda horagiruvavaru embudAgi mUru vargagaLalli vingaDisabahudu. muslimaru ivaralli koneya vargakke sEruttAre; Adare, avaru maneyalli urdu mAta nADuva kAraNa, kannaDa prabhEdagaLa I pariSIlaneyalli avara mAtannu pariSIlisuva avaSyakateyilla.

samAjada ardha sadasyarAgiruva eraDanE vargadavarannu mElvarga davaru mattu keLavargadavaru embudAgi eraDu prabhEdagaLalli vingaDisa bahudu, mattu samAjada sampUrNa sadasyarAgiruva modalaneya vargadavarannu madhya vargadavarendu parigaNisabahudu. kannaDada prabhEda gaLa maTTige hELuvudAdare, maysUrina haLLigaLalli mElina mUru vargagaLiganusarisi mUru sAmAjika prabhEdagaLannu kANabahudu.

prAdESikavAgi, maysUru jilleyannu paScima, pUrva, mattu madhya embudAgi mUru vibhAgagaLalli vingaDisabahudu. Ti.narasIpura, koLLE gAla, yaLandUru, cAmarAjanagara, mattu gunDlupETe tAlUkina svalpa bhAga - iviShTu pUrva vibhAgakkU, piriyApaTTaNa, ke.Ar.nagara,

mattu huNasUru tAlUkina svalpa bhAga - iviShTu paScima bhAgakkU, mattu jilleya uLida bhAgagaLu madhya vibhAgakkU sEruttave.

idu I pradESadalli baLakeyalliruva kannaDa prabhEdagaLannu avalambisi racisiruva prAdESika vibhajane. mEle vivarisida mUru sAmAjika prabhEdagaLu I mUru prAdESika prabhEdagaLannu chEdisuttave yAda kAraNa, maysUru jilleya kannaDa prabhEdagaLa varNaneyannu koDuvAga sAmAjika mattu prAdESikagaLemba I eraDu amSagaLannU gamanadallirisikoLLuvudu avaSya.

maysUru jilleya ellA kannaDa prabhEdagaLallU kANisuva, mattu baraha kannaDadalli kANisadiruva vaySiShTyagaLu kelavive. udAharaNegAgi, mUru laghu akSharagaLiruva padagaLalli, mattu mUru akSharagaLalli modalaneyadu mAtra guruvAgiruva padagaLalli eraDaneya svara lOpagoLLuttade (Agasa>Agna, kUdalu> kUddu); intaha padagaLalli mUru akSharagaLa badalu nAlku akSharagaLiveyAdare, eraDaneya svarada badalu mUraneya svara lOpagoLLuttade (kannaDaka>kannaDa). I badalAvaNe maysUrina ellA prabhEdagaLallU kANisuttade.

akAra mattu ekAragaLu paravAdAga, o mattu O svaragaLu anukramavAgi va mattu vA endAguvudu (oge>vage, gODe> gvADe), makArada anantara a mattu A endAguvudu (mosaru> masaru), mattu e-E svaragaLu ya-yA endAguvudu (emme> yamme, hETe>hyATe) maysUru jilleyalli elleDeyallU kANisuva innondu badalAvaNe.

Adare, kelavara mAtinalli mAtra I badalAvaNe kANisikoLLuttade, bEre kelavara mAtinalli kANisikoLLuvudilla. hAgAgi, I badalA vaNeya nijavAda vyApti entahadu embudinnU spaShTavAgilla. idakke sAmAjika illavE prAdESika mitigaLEnAdarU iveyE embudannu tiLiyalu heccina pariSIlane avaSya.

mElvargadavara prabhEdadalli kANisadiruva, mattu uLida ellA prabhEdagaLallU kANisuva vaySiShTyagaLU kelavive. udAharaNegAgi, rt, rD, mattu rT emba vyanjanakantegaLu L, N, mattu NN embudAgi badalAyisiruvudannu (hurti>huLLi ‘huruLi’, kaLurti> kaLLu ‘karuLu’, kurDa>kuNNa ‘kuruDa’, hOrTa>hoNNa ‘horaTa’)

madhya mattu keLavargada prabhEdagaLalli jilleya ellA pradESagaLallU kANabahudu.

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madhyavargada prabhEdagaLu

madhyavargada sAmAjika prabhEdavannu maysUru kannaDada mukhya sAmAjika prabhEdavendu parigaNisabahudu. mEle vivarisidante, maysUrina haLLigaLalli idu samAjada sampUrNa sadasyarAgiruva janara prabhEda. I prabhEdavannu pUrva, paScima, mattu madhya emba mUru prAdESika prabhEdagaLAgi vingaDisabahudu.

I vibhajanege AdhAravAgaballa badalAvaNegaLannu oTTAgi pariSIlisi dAga, paScimada prabhEda uLida eraDu prabhEdagaLiginta halavu viShaya gaLalli bhinnavAgiruvudu kANisuttade. Adare, pUrva mattu madhya prabhEdagaLa naDuve heccu vyatyAsagaLu kANisuvudilla.

udAharaNegAgi mEleyE sUcisiruvante, AdihakAra lOpa goLLuva badalAvaNe (hAlu>Alu, hakki>akki, hELu>ELu, huLi> uLi) pUrva mattu madhya prabhEdagaLalli naDedide; Adare, paScima prabhEdadalli naDedilla. idE rItiyalli, D endu emba vyanjanakante pUrva mattu madhya prabhEdagaLalli L endAgide (koDDi>koLLi ‘koDali’, kaDDe>kaLLe ‘kaDale’, saDDu>saLLu ‘saDilu’, guDDu>guLLu ‘guDisalu’); Adare, paScima prabhEdadalli badalAgade hAgeyE uLidide.

paScima mattu madhya prabhEdagaLannu pUrva prabhEdadinda bErpaDisuva badalAvaNeyendare, ekAradalli konegoLLuva kriyApada gaLu ikAradalli konegoLLuvantAguvudu (bare>bari, naDe>naDi, kara>kari ‘barahELu’, age>agi ‘guddaliyinda Agi’). I badalAvaNe paScima mattu madhya prabhEdagaLalli naDedide; Adare, pUrva prabhEdadalli naDedilla.

illU paScimada prabhEda madhya prabhEdakkinta bErAgide: koneya ekAra ikAravAgiruva kriyApadagaLu modalinindalU koneyalli ikAravidda (agi ‘jagi’, kari ‘eNNeyalli kari’ modalAda) kriyApada gaLiginta madhya prabhEdadalli bErAgilla; Adare, paScimada prabhEdadalli averaDu modalaneya svaradalli bErAgive.

idallade, pUrva mattu paScima prabhEdagaLa naDuve avu baLasuva padagaLallU kelavu vyatyAsagaLive; illU kUDa, madhya prabhEda pUrva

ಪಶ್ಚಿಮದ ಪ್ರಭೇದ	ಪೂರ್ವದ ಪ್ರಭೇದ
ಬೆಂಕಿ	ಬಿಂಕಿ
ಇಲಿ	ಎಲಿ
ಮಗ	ಮಣ
ಮಗ್ಗು	ಮಗ
ಚೇಣು	ಚೇಳು
ಏಳು	ಯೋಳು
ಬೆಳ್ಳು	ಬೆಟ್ಟು
ಗೊರ್ಲು	ಕೊಬ್ಬು
ತಿಂದೊ ‘ತಿಂದೆವು’	ತಿಂದು
ತಿಂದಿವ್ನಿ	ತಿಂದಿನಿ

pUrvada prabhEdavannu dakShiNa pUrva mattu uttara pUrva embu dAgi vingaDisabahudu. padagaLa koneyalli baruva ekAra dakShiNadalli ay illavE a endAgiruvudu (bare>bara, baray, mane>mana, manay, age>aga, agay) I vibhajanege ondu AdhAra. prathama puruSha Ekavacanadalli kriyApadagaLa pullinga mattu strIlinga rUpagaLu dakShiNadalli bhinnavAgive, uttaradalli bhinnavAgilla embudu innondu AdhAra.

dakShiNadalli pullinga rUpagaLa koneyalli baruva akAra anunAsika svaravAgide. uttama puruSha EkavacanadallU kriyApadada bhUtarUpa gaLu dakShiNadalli ekAradalli konegoLLuvuvAdare, uttaradalli ikAra dalli konegoLLuttave (bande>bandi, tinde>tindi, nODDe>nODDi).

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itara prabhEdagaLu

itara eraDu sAmAjika prabhEdagaLU idE rItiyalli prAdESika vyatyAsagaLannu tOrisuttave. udAharaNegAgi, mElvargada prabhEda paScima mattu madhya pradESagaLalli ekAradalli konegoLLuva kriyApada gaLu ikAradalli konegoLLuvante mADuttave, Adare pUrva pradESa dalli mADuvudilla. paScima pradESadalli modalindalEnE ikAradalli konegoLLuttidda kriyApadagaLu ekAra ikAravAdudarinda siddhavAda

kriyApadagaLinda avugaLa modalanE svaradalli bhinnavAgive, Adare, madhya pradESadalli intaha vyatyAsavilla.

keLavargadavaralli baLakeyalliruva kannaDada prabhEda madhya vargadavara prabhEdadalli kANisuva vaySiShTyagaLellavannU paDediruttade. idallade, adaralli adaravE Ada bEre kelavu vaySiShTyagaLU sErikonDive. Adare, I vaySiShTyagaLu kelavu pradESagaLalli mAtra kANisuttiddu, avugaLa nijavAda vyAptiyantahadu embudannu tiLiyalu idakkintalU heccu vistAravAda pariSIlaneyannu naDesuva avaSyakateyide.

udAharaNegAgi, ke.Ar.nagara tAlUkina keLavargadavara mAtinalli kakAra mattu gakAragaLu, i, I, e mattu E svaragaLu baLika bandAga, anukramavAgi cakAra mattu jakAragaLAgi mArpaTTive (kivi>civi, kIlu>cIlu, kelasa>celsa, kELu>bELu; giDa>jiDa, gIru>jIru, gellu>jellu, gENu>jENu). I badalAvaNeya vyApti paScima pradESadalli hEgide embudinnU spaShTavAgilla.

keLavargadavara mAtinallEnE, cAmarAjanagara tAlUkina dakShiNa pradESadalli nakAra NakAravAgiruvudu kanDubaruttade (anna>aNNa, ninne>niNNe, banni>baNNi, Ane>ANe). I badalAvaNeyadU vyApti mattu svarUpagaLu entahavu embudu spaShTavAgilla.

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kADukurubara kannaDa

maysUrina paScima pradESadalli mEle vivarisida samAjagaLiginta bhinna vAgiruva kADukuruba emba pangaDavU, pUrva pradESadalli soliga emba pangaDavU ide embudannu illi gamanisabahudu. ivugaLalli soliga emba pangaDa haLegannaDada kAladallEnE kavaloDeda pangaDa virabEkembudannu nAvu mEle nODiruvevu. kADukuruba pangaDada kannaDavU itara kannaDa prabhEdagaLiginta halavu viShayagaLalli bErAgide.

udAharaNegAgi, I prabhEdadalli e mattu E svaragaLu anukrama vAgi a mattu A svaragaLAguttave; Adare, I badalAvaNe avugaLa baLika T, D, N mattu L vyanjanagaLu bandiruvalli naDeyuvudE jAsti (eNNe>aNNe, heNNu>aNNu, hELu>ALu, bEDa>bADa).

makArada anantara o mattu O svaragaLu anukramavAgi a mattu A svaragaLAgi badalAguvudu I prabhEdada innondu vaySiShTya (moTTe>maTTe, moLe>maLe, mODa>mADa).

karnATakada itara jillegaLallU intahavE illavE idakkintalU ALavAda mattu vistAravAda pariSIlaneyannu naDesi, alli baLake yalliruva kannaDadalli entaha vaySiShTyagaLella kANisuttave embudannu tiLidukoLLuva avaSyakateyide. I rIti karnATakada ellA jillegaLallU pariSIlane naDesida baLika, adarinda siddhavAguva prabhEdagaLannella oTTu sErisi, kannaDakke entaha prabhEda illavE upabhAShegaLella ive embu dannu, mattu I prabhEdagaLa vyAptiyEnu, avugaLa naDuve entaha vyatyAsagaLella ive, avu cAritrikavAgi eShTu varShagaLaShTu hinde kavaloDedirabahudu embudannu nirdharisabahudu.

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pariSIlaneya avaSyakate

sAmAnyavAgi, mAtinalli mAtravE kANisikoLLuva prabhEdagaLannella ‘aSuddha’ rUpagaLendU, barahadalli kANisuva rUpavannu ‘Suddha’ rUpa vendU hELuvudu rUDhi. barahadalli entaha prabhEdavannu baLasabEku embudannu vidyArthigaLige tiLisuvudakkAgi I rIti Suddha mattu aSuddha embudAgi (illavE bEre yAvudAdarU padada baLakeya mUlaka) kannaDa prabhEdagaLannu pratyEkisuvudu avaSyavAdarU, SuddhASuddhavemba padagaLa hindiruva artha ivugaLa naDuviruva vyatyAsakke anvayisuvu dillavembudannu gamanisuvudu (mattu vidyArthigaLige tiLihELuvudu) avaSya.

mEleyE sUcisidante, ondu nuDiya prAdESika illavE sAmAjika prabhEdagaLalli yAvudu bEkiddarU, barahadalli baLake yAguva mUlaka, barahada prabhEdavAgaballudu. idallade, bEre bEre kAlagaLalli bEre bEre prabhEdagaLu barahada prabhEdavAgi baLakege bara balluvu. endare, ondu kAladalli ‘aSuddha’vendenisidda prabhEda innondu kAla dalli ‘Suddha’vendenisaballudu.

I kAraNakkAgi, kannaDada prabhEdagaLa naDuve kANisuva I vayvidhyate kannaDada bhAShAsampattu embudAgi nAvu tiLidukoLLabEkAgide. I vayvidhyateyannu pariSIlisuvudendare, nijakkU kannaDada bhAShAsampattannu pariSIlisida hAge. haLegannaDa-naDugannaDagaLigU hosagannaDakkU naDu viruva vyatyAsavannu tiLidukoLLuvudu hEge avaSyavO, hAgeyE kannaDada bEre bEre sAmAjika mattu prAdESika prabhEdagaLa naDuviruva vyatyAsavannu tiLidukoLLuvudU avaSyavE.

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kannaDada vyAkaraNa parampare

I prabhEdagaLa naDuve avu baLasuva padagaLalliyU halavAru vyatyAsagaLive. kelavu prabhEdagaLalli mAtravE kANisuvantaha padagaLU halavive. ivannella oTTu sErisi, kannaDada upabhAShAkOSavondannu tayArisidevAdare, padagaLa maTTige nijakkU kannaDada bhAShAsampattu entahadu emba viShaya spaShTavAdItu.

idE rItiyalli, I prabhEdagaLa naDuve avu baLasuva vyAkaraNada maTTigU halavu vyatyAsagaLive. ivannU oTTu sErisi, padagaLannu mattu vAkyagaLannu racisuvalli I prabhEdagaLu hEge bEre bEre tantragaLannu baLasuttive embudannu tiLiyabahudu. kannaDa bhASheya svarUpaventahadu emba viShaya intaha kannaDa prabhEdagaLa pariSIlaneyinda mAtravE spaShTavAgaballudu.

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೪.೩ kannaDada vyAkaraNa parampare

kannaDada vyAkaraNada adhyayanakke ondu sAvira varShagaLigintalU heccu dIrghavAda caritreyide. I avadhiyalli kannaDa vyAkaraNada mEle bEre bEre rItiya mattu bEre bEre gAtrada nUrakkU mikki granthagaLu mattu lEkhanagaLu racitavAgive. ivu kannaDadalli mAtravallade, ingliSh, samskxta, raSyan modalAda bEre kelavu bhAShegaLallU racitavAgive. I vyAkaraNagaLu sUtrarUpadalli, sUtrada vyAkhyAna rUpadalli, praSne- uttara rUpadalli, prabandha rUpadalli - hIge bEre bEre rUpa gaLallU racitavAgive.

kannaDavannu kaliyabayasuvavarige, kannaDada oLaguTTannu tiLiya bayasuvavarige, kannaDavannu itara drAviDa illavE bEre bhAShegaLondige hOlisabayasuvavarige, kannaDada caritreyannu ariyabEkendiruvavarige

• hIge bEre bEre uddESagaLannu mundiTTukonDu barediruva vyAkaraNagaLU ivugaLallive.

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mUru mukhya paramparegaLu

kannaDa vyAkaraNada mEle iShTellA granthagaLu mattu lEkhanagaLu hora bandiveyembudu namage santOShavannu mattu hemmeyannu taruvantaha sangatiyembudEnO nija. Adare, nijakkU I granthagaLu mattu lEkhana gaLu kannaDa vyAkaraNada oLaguTTannu tiLisikoDuvalli eShTara maTTige

samarthavAgive embudannu pariSIlisuvudu avaSya. idakkAgi I grantha gaLannu mattu lEkhanagaLannu mUru mukhya paramparegaLalli racitavAdavu gaLendu vingaDisikoLLabahudu.

pANiniya samskxta vyAkaraNa parampareyalli racitavAda kESirAjana SabdamaNidarpaNa, bhaTTAkaLankana SabdAnuSAsana mattu innitara halavAru haLegannaDa vyAkaraNagaLu, mattu avugaLa mEle bareda vyAkhyAnagaLu ondu vibhAgakke sEruttave. Adhunika kannaDada mElU I parampareyalli bareda vyAkaraNagaLu halavive.

hattombattanE SatamAnadinda Icege, mukhyavAgi kriSciyan miSanarigaLu ingliSh‌nalli barediruva kelavu hosagannaDa vyAkaraNagaLu yurOpina vyAkaraNa parampareyalli racitavAgiddu eraDaneya vibhAgakke sEruttave.

adarindIcege, Adhunika bhAShAvijYAnigaLu racisiruva vyAkaraNa granthagaLu mattu lEkhanagaLu mukhyavAgi amerikada ingliSh vyAkaraNa parampareyalli siddhavAgiddu, mUraneya vibhAgakke sEruttave.

kannaDada I mUru rItiya vyAkaraNagaLallU namage kanDubaruva ondu mukhyavAda sangatiyEnendare, ivu bEre yAvudO ondu bhASheya (endare samskxta, lyATin illavE ingliSh bhASheya) vyAkaraNa parampareyannu anusarisalu prayatnisiveyallade, kannaDakke adaraddE Ada ondu vyAkaraNa parampareyannu sAdhisikoDalu prayatni silla. I ellA vyAkaraNagaLallU idondu eddu kANuva korate.

samskxta, lyATin mattu ingliSh - ivu mUrU inDO yurOpiyan emba ondE bhAShA kuTumbakke sErida bhAShegaLu. ivu svatantra bhAShegaLAgiddu ondarindondu sAkaShTu bhinnavAgiveyAdarU, ivugaLa vyAkaraNada mUla sUtragaLu heccu kaDime ondE Agive; hAgAgi, I mUru vyAkaraNa paramparegaLu heccu kaDime ondE vyAkaraNa parampareya mUru prabhEdagaLendu hELalu sAdhyavide.

kannaDa bhAShe idakkinta tIra bhinnavAda drAviDa bhAShAkuTumbakke sEriruva bhAShe. idara vyAkaraNada mUla sUtragaLu samskxta, lyATin, ingliSh modalAda inDO-yurOpiyan bhAShegaLalli kANisuva vyAkaraNada mUla sUtragaLiginta tIra bhinnavAdavugaLu. hAgAgi, kannaDa vyAkaraNada mUlasUtragaLannu sariyAgi tiLidukoLLabEkAdare, kannaDakke adaradE Ada vyAkaraNa parampareyannu siddhapaDisikoLLuvudu avaSya. samskxta illavE ingliSh vyAkaraNa parampareyalli bareda granthagaLu

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kannaDada vyAkaraNa parampare

mattu lEkhanagaLu intaha kannaDadavE Ada vaySiShTyagaLige heccina gamana koDalAravu.

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vyAkaraNa sambandhagaLu

udAharaNegAgi, pANiniya vyAkaraNa parampareyalli racitavAgiruva granthagaLalli kartx, karma, karaNa modalAda ‘kAraka’gaLige mahatvada sthAnavide. intaha kArakagaLu samskxtada vAkyaracaneyannu sariyAgi varNisi hELalu avaSyavAda kAraNa, avakke A bhASheya vyAkaraNa parampareyalli pradhAnavAda sthAnavannu koDuvudu ucitavendE hELabahudu.

lyATin mattu ingliSh bhAShegaLa vyAkaraNa parampareyalli siddha vAgiruva granthagaLalli intahavE Ada sabjekT, DayrekT AbjekT, embantaha ‘vyAkaraNa sambandhagaLu’ mahatvada sthAna paDedive. I bhAShegaLalli baruva vibhakti pratyaya illavE upasargagaLige nEravAgi artha hELalu sAdhyavillavAda kAraNa, vAkyagaLalli avu entaha kArya gaLannu naDesuttave embudannu tiLisalu intaha vyAkaraNa sambandhagaLa avaSyakateyide.

Adare, kannaDada vAkyaracaneyalli I samasyeyilla. adara vibhakti pratyayagaLige nEravAgi arthadoDane sambandhavannu kalpisikoDalu sAdhya vide. vAkyavu tiLisuva ghaTaneyalli toDagikonDiruva vyakti, vastu modalAdavugaLa kAryavEnu embudannu I vibhakti pratyayagaLu nEra vAgi sUcisuttiruvudE idakke kAraNa. hAgAgi, kannaDada vyAkaraNadalli vibhakti pratyayagaLa arthavEnembudannu tiLisalu kArakagaLannAgali illavE itara vyAkaraNa sambandhagaLannAgali baLasuva avaSyakateyilla.

samskxta, ingliSh modalAda itara bhAShegaLa vyAkaraNa parampare yalli bareda kannaDa vyAkaraNagaLu intaha anavaSyavAda kArakagaLannu illavE vyAkaraNa sambandhagaLannu kannaDada mEle hEri, adara vyAkaraNa tumbA kliShTavAguvante mADive.

udAharaNegAgi, yurOpiyan bhAShegaLa vyAkaraNagaLalli baLake yAguva ‘sabjekT’ emba vyAkaraNa sambandhavannu kannaDa vyAkaraNadallU aLavaDisahoraTa bhAShAvijYAnigaLu kannaDada nanage mUru kate gottide embantaha vAkyagaLalli yAvudannu (nanage embudannO, kate embudannO) sabjekT embudAgi parigaNisabEku emba viShayadalli

halavu samasyegaLannedurisabEkAgide. kannaDakke adaradE Ada vyAkaraNa parampareyondannu sAdhisikoTTalli intaha toDakugaLu ELuvudilla.

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guNapadagaLu

kannaDada vAkyaracaneyalli udda, agala, doDDa modalAda guNapada gaLige ondu viSiShTavAda sthAnavide; avu nAmapada mattu kriyApada gaLiginta bhinnavAda bEreyE ondu padavargakke sEruttave. kannaDa bhASheya mEle racitavAgiruva vyAkaraNagaLu kannaDada I vaySiShTyavannu spaShTavAgi vivarisi hELuvudu avaSya.

samskxtada vAkyaracane I viShayadalli kannaDakkinta tIra bhinna vAdudu. samskxtadalli intaha guNavAcaka padagaLige nAmapadagaLiginta bhinnavAda sthAnavilla. avu nAmapadagaLa hAgeyE linga, vacana mattu vibhakti pratyayagaLondige baruttiddu, vAkyadalli svatantravAgi nilla balluvu. kannaDa vAkyagaLalli kANisuva hAge, avu nAmapadagaLannu avalambisikonDiruvudilla. samskxta bhASheya I vaySiShTyavannu pANiniya vyAkaraNa parampareyalli racisiruva granthagaLu sariyAgi prati bimbisuttave.

Adare, pANiniya vyAkaraNa parampareyalli racitavAda kannaDa vyAkaraNagaLu kannaDaddE Ada vaySiShTyavannu varNisuva badalu, adara vAkyaracane samskxtada vAkyaracaneya hAgeyE ideyemba tappu kalpane baruvante mADuttave. samskxtada guNadharmavannu kannaDada mEle hErahOgi, kannaDa vyAkaraNa anavaSyakavAgi heccu kliShTavAguvante mADuttave.

kannaDa bhAShe intaha halavAru viShayagaLalli samskxta mattu ingliSh bhAShegaLiginta tIra bhinnavAgide; hAgAgi, adara vyAkaraNavannu samskxta illavE ingliSh bhASheya vyAkaraNa parampareyalli bareya hOdAga, A vyAkaraNa anavaSyakavAgi heccu kliShTavAguttade.

kannaDakke adaraddE Ada vyAkaraNa parampareyannu siddhapaDisuvudu yAke avaSya emba viShaya idarinda spaShTavAguttade. intaha tannadE vyAkaraNa parampareyalli racitavAda granthagaLu kannaDada vAkyaracaneyannu saraLavAgi mattu heccu spaShTavAgi vivarisi hELaballuvu. kannaDa vyAkaraNa vannu varNisahoraDuvavarella I dikkinalli samSOdhane naDesuvudu avaSya.

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೪.೪ SatamAnada kannaDa vyAkaraNa samSOdhane

kaLeda ippattanE SatamAnadalli kannaDa vyAkaraNada mEle entaha samSOdhanegaLella naDedidduvu embudannu tiLiyuva prayatnavannu I lEkhanadalli mADalAgide. Adare, I pariSIlaneyannu naDesuva modalu samSOdhaneyendarEnu embudannu sariyAgi tiLidukoLLuva avaSyakate yide.

namma viSvavidyAlayagaLalli samSOdhakaru bahaLa mandi iruva rAdarU jAgatika maTTada samSOdhanegaLu nammalli heccEnU naDeyu ttilla emba dUru kELibaruttide. idakke namma viSvavidyAlayagaLalli samSOdhanege mArgadarSana mADuvavaralli heccinavarU samSOdhane endarEnu, samSOdhane mattu kaliyuvikegaLa naDuve entaha vyatyAsa vide embudannu sariyAgi tiLiyadiruvudE mukhya kAraNavendu nanage anisuttade.

I vyatyAsavannu modalige svalpa vivarisi, AmEle kannaDa vyAkaraNada mEle kaLeda SatamAnadalli naDeda samSOdhanegaLu hEge dAri tappive embudannu tOrisabayasuttEne.

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kaliyuvike mattu samSOdhane

yAvudAdarU ondu viShayavannu kaliyuvudakkU, adara mEle samSOdhane mADuvudakkU naDuve kelavu mukhyavAda vyatyAsagaLive: nAvu ettikonDa viShayada mEle bEre bEre pustakagaLalli, patrikegaLalli, mattu avannu Odi tiLidukonDiruva vidvAmsaralli sAkaShTu mAhitigaLu sangrahavAgiruttave. antaha pustaka mattu patrikegaLannu Odi, vidvAmsaru hELuvudannu kELi, A viShayada kuritu mAhitiyannu sangrahisuvudakke kaliyuvudu endu hesaru.

samSOdhane embudu idakkinta tIra bhinnavAdudu: ondu viShayada kuritu samAjadalli sangrahavAgiruva mAhitiyalli tappugaLu illavE asAngatyagaLu EnAdarU iveyE, mattu yArigU tiLiyadiruvantaha hosa sangatigaLEnAdarU iveyE embudannu kanDuhiDiyuvudE samSOdhane.

I vyatyAsada prakAra, ondu viShayavannu namage kaliyabEkendiddalli namage adhyApakara sahAya bEku; Adare, ondu viShayada kuritu

samSOdhane naDesabEkendiddalli, adakke namage ‘mArgadarSakara’ sahAya bEkallade adhyApakara sahAya bEkAgilla. kaliyuvavara maTTige adhyApakarendare ellavannU tiLidavaru; kaliyuvavaralli ELuva samSaya gaLannella nivArisuva Sakti avarigide; hAgAgi, avaru Enu hELuttiddAre embudannu kivigoTTu kELi, adannu sariyAgi arthamADikoLLuvudE kaliyuvavaru mADabEkAgiruva mukhya kelasa.

Adare, samSOdhakara maTTige ellavannU tiLidavaru yArU illa; mArgadarSakaru avarige yAva rItiyalli samSOdhane mADabEku embudannu tiLisaballarallade, samSOdhaneya phalitAmSa Enirabahudu, illavE EnirabEku embudannu tiLisalAraru. adannu tamma samSOdhane gaLa mUlaka hosadAgi kanDuhiDiyuvudE samSOdhakara mukhya kelasa.

I rIti, yArigU gottilladiruva sangatigaLannu kanDuhiDiyuva mUlaka, mattu tappAgi tiLidukonDiruva sangatigaLannu saripaDisuva mUlaka samAjada jYAnarASiyannu heccisuvudE samSOdhakara kelasa.

kaliyuvikegU samSOdhanegU naDuve vyatyAsaviruva hAge, kalisuva adhyApakarigU samSOdhanege dAri tOrisuva mArgadarSakarigU naDuve vyatyAsaviruvudu avaSya. adhyApakanobba tAnu kalisuva viShaya vannu sariyAgi tiLidirabEku mAtravalla, tAnu tiLidiruvudellavU sari emba AtmaviSvAsavU AtanallirabEku. I viShayadalli svalpavAdarU samSayavideyAdare, Ata dhayryadinda vidyArthigaLige kalisalAra.

Adare, samSOdhane mADuvavaru, mattu samSOdhanege mArga darSana mADuvavaru yAva hELikeyannU sampUrNavAgi sariyendu tiLidukoLLabAradu. ellavannU samSayada dxShTiyinda nODidAga mAtra, avara samSOdhane munde hOgaballudu. entaha doDDa vidvAmsaru hELiddannU hAgeyE oppikoLLade vicAraNege oLapaDisalu avaru siddharirabEku.

I kAraNakkAgi, parIkShegaLalli rEnk gaLisuva vidyArthi uttama samSOdhakanAgabEkendEnilla. hAge AguvudU kaShTasAdhya. idE rIti yalli, vidyArthigaLa accumeccina adhyApaka uttama mArgadarSaka nAguvudU kaShTasAdhya. kaliyuvudakke mattu kalisuvudakke bEkAguva manObhAva samSOdhanege mattu mArgadarSanakke bEkAguva manO bhAvakkinta tIra bhinnavAgiruvudE idakke kAraNa.

namma viSvavidyAlayagaLalli I eraDu kelasagaLannU obbarE mADa bEkAguvudarinda, samSOdhaneyemba hesarinalli kaliyuvike mAtra

naDeyuvudu kANisuttade. heccinavarigU I eraDu bhinna bhinnavAda kelasagaLannu oTTAgi naDesikonDu hOgalu sAdhyavAgadiruvudE idakke kAraNa.

omme nanna mitrarobbaru DAkTarET padavigAgi tAvu bareda prabandhavannu nanage tOrisidaru. adannu OdidAga nanage AScarya vAyitu: mUvattu varShagaLaShTu haLeya siddhAntagaLannu baLasi avaru A prabandhavannu barediddaru. A siddhAntagaLalli heccinavU sariyalla endu avarige spaShTavAgi tiLididdarU avaru hIge mADiddaru.

idu yAke hIge endu nAnu kELidAga avaru hELidaru, “nanna mArgadarSigaLu tamma DAkTarET prabandhadalli I siddAntagaLannu baLasiddAre; Iga nAnu hosa siddAntagaLannu baLasidalli, avaru hinde baredidda prabandha sariyalla embudAgi nAnu hELida hAgAdItu. hAge mADidalli, nanna prabandhakke avara oppige siguvudu asambhava”.

namma viSvavidyAlayagaLalli jAgatika maTTada samSOdhanegaLu naDeya diruvudakke ondu mukhyavAda kAraNavannu I mElina ghaTane bahaLa spaShTavAgi sUcisuttade. tamma mArgadarSanadalli prabandhagaLannu bareyu tiruva samSOdhakaru tAvu barediruva prabandhakkinta ondu hejje munde hOdarU bEsarapaTTukoLLuva adhyApakariruvaShTu divasa namma viSvavidyAlayagaLalli samSOdhane naDesuvudu asAdhyavendE hELa bahudu. tanna SiShyaninda parAbhavavannu bayasuva adhyApakaru mAtra nijakkU samSOdhanege mArgadarSakarAgaballaru. antaha adhyApakaru nammalli beraLeNikeyaShTu illa embudu bEsarada sangati.

kannaDa vyAkaraNada viShayadalli I mAtu akSharaSaH satya. kESirAjanE modalAda kannaDa vayyAkaraNigaLu Enu hELiddAre embudannu carcisuvudu vyAkaraNada kaliyuvikeyallade samSOdhaneyalla. avaru barediruva vyAkaraNa niyamagaLalli tappu illavE asAngatyagaLEnAdarU iveyE? iddare avannu nivArisuvudu hEge? avaru hELadE iruvantaha hosa vyAkaraNAmSagaLEnAdarU iveyE? avaru bare diruva vyAkaraNa niyamagaLannu hosagannaDakke hondisikoLLalu avu gaLalli entaha badalAvaNegaLannu mADikoLLabEku? intaha viShayagaLa kuritu carce naDedalli mAtra I vyAkaraNagaLa mEle samSOdhane naDedideyendu hELabahudu.

Adare, kannaDa vyAkaraNada kuritAgi antaha carce namma viSva vidyAlayagaLalli naDedilla mattu naDeyuttillavendE hELabahudu.

kESirAjana niyamagaLalli tappideyendu hELuvudE mahApApa endu bhAvisuvavarige nijakkU samSOdhane mADuva adhikAravE illa.

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SatamAnada vyAkaraNagaLu

kaLeda SatamAnadalli kannaDa vyAkaraNada mEle halavAru pustakagaLu mattu lEkhanagaLu prakaTavAgive. Adare, ivugaLalli samSOdhaneya mUlaka kannaDa vyAkaraNada kuritu namma jYAna heccAguvante mADuva pustakagaLu mattu lEkhanagaLu bahaLa kaDime. heccinavU kESirAjanE modalAda hindina vayyAkaraNigaLu hELida viShayavannE bEre bEre rItiyalli vivarisi hELalu naDesida prayatnagaLu.

samskxtada vyAkaraNa parampareyannu baLasuva badalu yurOpina lyATin, grIk modalAda bhAShegaLa vyAkaraNa parampareyannAgali, illavE inglenD mattu amerikada ingliSh vyAkaraNa parampare yannAgali baLasi racisida vyAkaraNa granthagaLu mattu lEkhanagaLu halavu I SatamAnadalli siddhavAgive. Adare, I prayatnagaLallella kannaDaddE Ada vyAkaraNa niyamagaLannu kanDuhiDiyuva samSOdhaka pravxtti kANisu vudu bahaLa aparUpavendE hELabahudu.

pravDhaSAlegaLalli vyAkaraNavannu bOdhisuvudakkAgi halavAru mandi adhyApakaru mattu itara lEkhakaru cikka cikka vyAkaraNa pustakagaLannu baredu prakaTisiddAre. ivellavU kESirAjanE modalAda hindina kannaDa vayyAkaraNigaLu tOrisida dAriyallE naDediveyAda kAraNa, ivugaLa racaneya hinde samSOdhaneyEnU illa. intaha pustakagaLu paThyapustaka samitiyu eLediruva gereyoLagEnE uLiyuva avaSyakateyideyAda kAraNa, ivugaLa tayArikeyalli samSOdhaneyannu kANalu sAdhyavU illa.

idallade, haLegannaDa vyAkaraNagaLannu arthamADikoLLuvalli edu rAguva samasyegaLannu pariharisalu yatnisuva lEkhana mattu granthagaLU kelavu prakaTavAgive. ivu vyAkhyAnakArana dxShTikOnavannu avalambisu ttaveyallade, obba samSOdhakana dxShTikOnavannu avalambisuvudilla. hAgAgi, ivugaLallU kannaDa vyAkaraNada kuritAgi hosa viShayagaLa prastApavannu kANuvudu kaShTasAdhya.

viSvavidyAlayagaLalli samSOdhanA padavi (pi.hec.Di)gAgi siddha vAgiruva prabandhagaLu, mukhyavAgi ingliSh bhASheyalli baredavugaLu, halavive. ivugaLalli haLegannaDa (samskxta) vyAkaraNa parampareyannu

biTTukoTTu, yurOpina illavE amerikada vyAkaraNa parampareyannu baLasiruvudu kanDubaruttade. Adare, I vyAkaraNa paramparegU lyATin, grIk, ingliSh modalAda inDO-yurOpiyan bhAShe gaLE AdhAravAgiruva kAraNa, kannaDada maTTige idu samskxta vyAkaraNa parampareyaShTE asamarpakavendu hELabahudu.

kannaDa bhAShe I inDO-yurOpiyan bhAShAkuTumbakkinta tIra bhinnavAgiruva drAviDa bhAShAkuTumbakke sEriruva bhAShe. adara vyAkaraNa inDO-yurOpiyan bhAShegaLa vyAkaraNakkinta tIra bhinnavAdudu. kannaDa vyAkaraNada mEle racitavAgiruva I prabandhagaLu A vyAkaraNa ondu hosa dAriyalli naDeyuvante mADiruvuvEnO nija. Adare, I hosa dAriyU, haLE dAriya hAge, kannaDada maTTige ondu tappu dAriyallade bErenalla.

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kESirAjana vyAkaraNa

kESirAjana kAladalli kannaDavannu bahuSaH prAkxta, pAli, apabhramSa modalAdavugaLa hAge samskxtada ondu vikxta rUpavendu parigaNisu tiddirabEku. ivattigU intaha abhiprAyavannu hondiruva mandi nammalli kelavariddAre.

Adare, hattombattanE SatamAnada koneyallEnE I abhiprAya tappu emba viShaya siddhavAgittu. samskxta inDO-yurOpiyan bhAShAkuTumbakke sEruvudendU, kannaDa adakkinta tIra bhinnavAgiruva drAviDa bhAShAkuTumbakke sEruvudendU A samayadalli vidvAmsaru tOrisikoTTiddaru. I kAraNakkAgi, kannaDa vyAkaraNa samskxtavE modalAda inDO-yurOpiyan bhAShegaLa vyAkaraNakkinta bhinna vAgiruvudu anivArya. Adare, yAva rItiyallella adu bhinnavAgide embudannu kanDuhiDiyuva prayatna kannaDada maTTige innU sariyAgi naDedilla.

kESirAjana SabdamaNidarpaNa embudu samskxtada vyAkaraNa niyama gaLannu hAgeyE kannaDakke aLavaDisalu naDesiruva prayatna mAtra. hAge aLavaDisalu eShTu mAtrakkU sAdhyavillavendu tOridAga mAtra, kannaDakke adaradE Ada vyAkaraNa niyamagaLannu tayArisikoDuva prayatnavannu I vyAkaraNadalli mADalAgide.

Adare hIge mADidudarindAgi, A vyAkaraNa kannaDada maTTige ondu ganTu ganTAgiruva, mattu anavaSyakavAgi tumbA kliShTavAgiruva

vyAkaraNavAgide. halaveDegaLalli adu samskxta vyAkaraNada niyamagaLa mEle kannaDa niyamagaLa tEpe hAkiruva hAgide.

hosagannaDada maTTige hELuvudAdare, I vyAkaraNavannu sampUrNa vAgi biTTukoTTu, kannaDaddE Ada hosadondu vyAkaraNavannu siddhapaDisuvudE namage uLidiruva dAri.

haLegannaDada I vyAkaraNavannu samSOdhakana dxShTiyinda parIkShiside vAdare, adaralli ardhakkintalU heccina bhAgadalli kannaDakke avaSyavallada samskxta vyAkaraNa niyamagaLannu bahaLa kaShTadinda kannaDa udAharaNe gaLannu koTTu vivarisalu prayatnisiruvudannu kANabahudu. uLida ardhada svalpa bhAgadalli samskxtadalli illada, mattu kannaDadalli ive yendu bhramisiruva vyAkaraNa niyamagaLannu kANabahudu. innu svalpa bhAgadalli haLegannaDakke anvayisuva, mattu hosagannaDakke anvayisa diruva niyamagaLive. hAgAgi, I vyAkaraNadalli nijakkU hosagannaDakke anvayisuva niyamagaLiruva bhAga bahaLa cikkadu.

udAharaNegAgi, kannaDada samAsagaLannu I vyAkaraNa nEravAgi varNisalu prayatnisuvudilla. idakke badalu, samskxtada Aru samAsa gaLannu (tatpuruSha, karmadhAraya, dvigu, avyayIbhAva, dvandva, mattu bahuvrIhi embavugaLannu) hAgeyE uLisikonDu, anantara I Aru samAsagaLalli sEradiruva samastapadagaLigAgi mAtra, inneraDu samAsa gaLannu (gamaka mattu kriyAsamAsa embavugaLannu) hosadAgi sErisi koLLuttade. nijakkU kannaDada samastapadagaLannu varNisalu I tEpe kelasa avaSyavilla. nEravAgi kannaDa samAsagaLu entahavu embudAgi varNane yondannu koTTiddare sAkAguttittu.

samskxtada samastapadagaLannu avugaLa angagaLAgi bandiruva pada gaLalli pradhAnapada yAvudu emba viShayada AdhArada mEle vingaDisa bEkAguttade. Adare, kannaDada heccina samastapadagaLallU eraDaneya angavE pradhAnapadavAgideyAda kAraNa, avannu I viShayada AdhArada mEle vingaDisidalli adu samarpakavAda vibhajaneyAgalAradu.

idallade, samskxtadalli nAmapadagaLannu mAtra samastapadagaLalli baLasalu sAdhya. avyayagaLU avugaLalli baraballuvAdarU, avannu samskxta vyAkaraNagaLalli nAmapadagaLendE parigaNisalAguttade. idakke badalu, kannaDadalli samastapadagaLa modalaneya angavAgi nAmapada, kriyApada mattu guNapadagaLemba mUru bageya padagaLu baraballuvu. hAgAgi, kannaDada samastapadagaLa vibhajanege (mattu bEre drAviDa

nuDigaLa samastapadagaLa vibhajanege) avugaLa modala padavAgi entaha pada bandide embudE sariyAda AdhAravAgaballudu.

kannaDadalli nAmapadagaLu mattu guNapadagaLu emba eraDu pada vargagaLige sEruva padagaLive; Adare, samskxtadalli I eraDu bageya padagaLU nAmapadavemba ondE padavargadalli baruttave. kannaDadalli guNapadagaLannu, kxdantagaLannu, mattu sankhyAvAcaka padagaLannu nEra vAgi avugaLalli yAva badalAvaNeyannU mADade nAmapadadondige baLasaballevu. Adare, samskxtadalli ivakke samanAda padagaLannu nAma padagaLondige baLasabEkiddalli, A padagaLondige baruva vibhakti-vacana pratyayagaLannu avakkU sErisabEkAguttade.

udAharaNegAgi, kxShNana sarpaNa ‘kappu hAvininda’ embudaralli txtIyA-Ekavacanada vibhakti pratyaya sarpa emba nAmapadadondige mAtravallade kxShNa padadondigU bandide. Adare, kannaDadalli I rIti *kappininda hAvininda endu hELalu baruvudilla.

samskxtadalli kxShNa emba padavannu vibhakti pratyayavillade kxShNa sarpaNa embudaralliruva hAge baLasidAga, alli vibhaktilOpavAgi samAsavAgideyendu hELalu baruttade; Adare, kannaDada kappuhAvu embudaralli I rIti vibhakti lOpa AgillavAda kAraNa (alli modaligEnE vibhakti pratyayaviralillavAda kAraNa) samAsavAgideyendu hELalu yAva AdhAravU illa. Adare, intaha kaDegaLalli samAsa vAgideyendu kannaDada vayyAkaraNigaLu bhramisiddAre.

kxdanta, sarvanAma mattu sankhyAvAcakagaLa baLakeyU idE rIti yadu. samskxtadalli mxtEna sarpaNa emballi, illavE tasmAt ghaTAt emballi vibhakti pratyaya eraDu padagaLallU bandiddu, mxta sarpaNa mattu tadvaTAt emballi modalaneya padada vibhakti lOpa vAgideyendu hELaballevu.

Adare, kannaDadalli satta hAvininda mattu A koDadinda emba baLakegaLiveyallade, *sattadinda hAvininda mattu *adarinda koDa dinda embantaha modalaneya padakke vibhakti pratyayavannu sErisiruva baLakegaLilla. hAgAgi, kannaDada satta hAvu, A koDa embantaha baLake gaLalli vibhakti lOpavU illa. ivugaLalli gamaka samAsavemba kannaDaddE Ada samAsavideyendu namma vayyAkaraNigaLu hELiruvudu avara bhrame mAtra.

samskxtadalli vibhakti pratyayagaLannu avugaLa arthadondige nEravAgi sambandhisuvudu tumbA kaShTa. halaveDegaLalli kANisuva vibhakti pallaTakke samskxtadalli arthavE illa. I kAraNakkAgi, mattu samskxtada kelavu vyAkaraNa niyamagaLannu sulabhavAgi vivarisalu sAdhyavAguvante adara vayyAkaraNigaLu kAraka emba vyAkaraNa tatvavondannu kalpisikonDi ddAre. ingliSh, phrenc modalAda kelavu pAScAtya bhAShegaLallU intahadE samasyeyiddu, adakkAgi sabjekT, AbjekT modalAda kelavu vyAkaraNa tatvagaLannu kalpisikoLLabEkAgide.

samskxtadalli I rIti kAraka embudannu yAke kalpisikonDiddAre, mattu kannaDakke idara avaSyakateyideyE embudannu parAmarSisalu hOgade, kannaDa vayyAkaraNigaLu adannu hAgeyE tamma vyAkaraNa gaLallU aLavaDisikonDiddAre.

Adare, kannaDadalli vibhakti pratyayagaLige avugaLa ellA baLakegaLallU nEravAgi arthadondige sambandhavannu sAdhisabahudu. avugaLa baLake yalli samskxta vibhaktigaLa baLakeyalli kANisuvantaha samasyeyilla. hAgAgi, avannu arthadondige sambandhisuvudakkAgi kArakavemba vyAkaraNa tatvavannu baLasuva avaSyakateyilla.

kannaDada vyAkaraNa niyamagaLannu vivarisuvallU I kArakagaLa avaSyakate kanDubaruvudilla. idannu kanDukoLLalu sAdhyavAgada kannaDada vayyAkaraNigaLu I kArakavemba kalpita tatvavannu kannaDa vyAkaraNadoLakke tandu hAki, A vyAkaraNa anavaSyakavAgi kliShTavAguvante mADiddAre.

haLegannaDa vyAkaraNagaLalli, mattu avugaLa AdhArada mEle racita vAgiruva hosagannaDa vyAkaraNagaLalli intaha kannaDakke avaSyavilladiruva innU halavAru vyAkaraNa niyamagaLannu mattu kalpanegaLannu kANa bahudu. kaliyuvavana vxttiyannu biTTukoTTu, samSOdhakana dxShTi yinda pariSIlisidAga mAtra, kannaDa vyAkaraNakke ivu yAke avaSyavilla embudu spaShTavAdItu.

namma vayyAkaraNigaLalli aparUpakke kelavaru intaha samSOdhaka dxShTiyinda haLegannaDa vyAkaraNagaLannu, mattu adE parampareyalli siddhavAda hosagannaDa vyAkaraNagaLannu pariSIlisiddAre. udAharaNegAgi, pancamI vibhakti mattu gamaka samAsagaLa kuritu sEDiyApu kxShNabhaTTaru barediruva lEkhanagaLannu gamanisabahudu.

vyAkaraNavondaralli baLakeyAguva pAribhAShika padagaLu adara hindiruva vyAkaraNa parampareyalli beLedubandiruttave. avugaLa avaSyakate, avugaLigiruva artha modalAduvella A vyAkaraNa parampare yannu, mattu A bhASheya vyAkaraNavannu avalambisiruttave. avannu bErondu bhASheya vyAkaraNavannu bareyuvalli baLasabEkAdAga, intaha vyAkaraNAmSagaLu anavaSyakavAgi A bhASheya vyAkaraNavannu kliShTavAgi mADadante eccara vahisuva avaSyakateyide.

udAharaNegAgi, samskxtadalli ELu vibhaktigaLive; samskxtada vayyA karaNigaLu ivannu prathamA, dvitIyA, txtIyA ityAdiyAgi hesarisiddAre. I pAribhAShika pada(hesaru)gaLannu kannaDada vayyAkaraNi gaLu hAgeyE kannaDa vyAkaraNadallU aLavaDisikonDiddAre.

illi ELu vibhaktigaLiveyembudu, avannu ondanE vibhakti, eraDanE vibhakti, mUranE vibhakti modalAdavugaLAgi ondu kramadalli paTTi mADabEkembudu, mattu I paTTiyalli baruva yAvudE ondu vibhaktige intahadE artha illavE baLake irabEkembudu samskxta vyAkaraNakke sambandhisida amSa. kannaDa vyAkaraNa I ellA viShayagaLallU samskxtakkinta bhinnavAgiraballudu, mattu nijakkU adu A rIti bhinnavAgide.

kannaDadalli oTTu nAlku vibhaktigaLu mAtra ive: annu, inda, ge, mattu lli embavu I nAlku vibhaktigaLannu sUcisuva pratyayagaLu. kannaDada maTTige inda mattu ge embavugaLeraDu mukhyavAgi calanege sambandhisida Akaravannu, endare calane ellinda suruvAgide mattu ellige sAgide embudannu, sUcisuttave. calanege sambandhisadE iruva Akaravannu lli emba pratyaya sUcisuttade. hIge I mUru pratyaya gaLadu ondu gumpAdare, annu emba pratyaya ivakkinta tIra bhinna vAgiddu, ondu ghaTane yAvudara mEle pariNAma bIride embudannu sUcisuttade.

sankhyegaLa mUlaka I pratyayagaLannu hesarisuvudAdare, annu embudannu modalaneya vibhaktiyendU, inda mattu ge embavugaLannu eraDanE mattu mUranE vibhaktigaLendU, lli embudannu nAlkanE vibhaktiyendU hesarisuvudE kannaDada maTTige sari.

samskxta vyAkaraNadalli vibhaktigaLige prathamA, dvitiyA, txtIya ityAdiyAgi sankhyegaLannu baLasi hesarugaLannu koTTiruvudakke kAraNa

bEreyE ide: avannu sUcisuva pratyayagaLu ellella ondE rUpa dalli baruttave embudannu sUcisalu sulabhavAguvante I paTTiyannu mADalAgide. udAharaNegAgi, agni emba padakke dvivacanada txtIyA, caturthI mattu pancami vibhaktigaLalli agnibhyAm emba ondE rUpa ide. Adare, bahuvacanada caturthI mattu pancamigaLalli mAtra agnibhyaH emba ondE rUpa ide. Ekavacanada pancamI mattu ShaShThigaLalli agnEH emba ondE rUpa ide.

I rIti bEre bEre nAmapadagaLige ondE rUpa kANisuva vibhaktigaLella oTToTTAgi baruvante samskxtada vayyAkaraNigaLu I vibhaktigaLa paTTiyannu mADiddAre. idannu kannaDadallU hAgeyE baLasuvudarinda kannaDada vyAkaraNada maTTige yAva prayOjanavU siguvudilla. nijakkU kannaDada yAva eraDu vibhaktigaLU ondE rUpa dalli baruvudilla.

samskxta vayyAkaraNigaLu baLasuva svaragaLa paTTiyU hIgeyE. samskxtada sandhiniyamagaLannu sulabhavAgi mattu aDakavAgi hELalu sAdhyavAguvante I paTTiyannu racisalAgide. kannaDada vayyAkaraNigaLu I paTTiyalli alpasvalpa vyatyAsavannu mADi, hAgeyE adannu kannaDakke aLavaDisikonDiddAre. Adare I paTTi kannaDa vyAkaraNakke svalpavU anukUlavAgilla.

a, i mattu u (hrasva mattu dIrgha) embavugaLannu oTTige hELi, anantara x mattu ೈ (hrasva mattu dIrgha) embavugaLannu, mattu anantara E, O mattu ay, av embavugaLannu hELuvudu samskxtada krama. aiuN, xlkak, EOc, ayOc emba mAhESvara sUtra gaLalli I paTTi baruttade.

samskxtadalli akAra, ikAra mattu ukAragaLu mUlasvaragaLu; inDO-yurOpiyan mUlabhASheya ekAra mattu okAragaLu samskxtadalli akAravAgi badalAgiveyAda kAraNa, samskxtadalli kANisuva ekAra mattu okAragaLu mUlasvaragaLalla. avu sandhiya mUlaka siddhavAguva ‘guNAkSharagaLu’ mAtra. avannu akAra, ikAra mattu ukAragaLinda bEre irisalu idu ondu kAraNa; avu dIrgha rUpadalli mAtra baruttave, hrasva rUpadalli baruvudilla embudu innondu kAraNa. ay mattu avgaLU samskxtada sandhikAryagaLalli viSiShTavAda sthAnavannu paDediruva ‘vxddhi’ emba hesarina svaragaLu. I rIti, mElina svaragaLa paTTi samskxta vyAkaraNada maTTige atyanta upayuktavAda paTTi.

Adare, kannaDa vyAkaraNada maTTige I paTTi tIrA anupayukta vAdudu. yAkendare, kannaDadalli ekAra mattu okAragaLeraDU mUla svaragaLAgiddu, hrasva mattu dIrghagaLemba eraDu rUpagaLallU baru ttave; avannu a, i mattu u svaragaLinda pratyEkisuvudakke kannaDa vyAkaraNadalli yAva AdhAravU illa.

idallade, kannaDada sandhikAryagaLalli ikAra mattu ekAragaLu ondu rItiyalli vartisuvuvAdare (avugaLeduru yakAra AgamavAgi baruttade), ukAra, okAra mattu akAragaLu innondu rItiyalli vartisuttave (avugaLeduru vakAra AgamavAgi baruttade). hAgAgi, kannaDada maTTige svaragaLa paTTiyannu i, e; u, o, a (hrasva mattu dIrgha) embudAgi koDuvudE uttama.

idallade, ay mattu avgaLige kannaDa vyAkaraNadalli samskxtada hAge viSiShTavAda sthAnavilla. nijakkU avu akArakkinta bhinnavAda svaragaLE alla; akArakke yakAra mattu vakAragaLannu sErisiruva sErikegaLu mAtra. brAhmI lipiyannu kannaDakke aLavaDisikonDAga anavaSyakavAgi bandu sErikonDa akSharagaLivu. kannaDadalli iveraDu mAtravallade, ey, oy, Ay modalAda bEreyU halavu sErikegaLiveyAda kAraNa, I eraDu sErikegaLige mAtra viSiShTavAda sthAnavannu koTTiru vudarindAgi kannaDa baraha anavaSyakavAgi kliShTavAgide. idallade, adu samSOdhakaralli gondalavannU unTumADuttade.

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Adhunika vyAkaraNagaLu

samskxtada vyAkaraNa parampareyannu biTTukoTTu, yurOpina illavE amerikAda vyAkaraNa parampareyannu anusarisi bareda halavu kannaDa vyAkaraNagaLu kaLeda SatamAnadalli siddhavAgive. kelavu viShayagaLalli ivu samskxta vyAkaraNada horeyannu kannaDa vyAkaraNadinda tegeduhAkuva mUlaka kannaDa vyAkaraNavannu saraLagoLisive. Adare, innu kelavu viShayagaLalli ingliSh illavE itara pAScAtya bhAShegaLa vyAkaraNada horeyannu kannaDa vyAkaraNada mEle hEruva mUlaka adannu kliShTa goLisive.

amerikAda ingliSh vyAkaraNa parampareyalli mukhyavAgi eraDu rItiya dxShTikOnagaLannu kANabahudu: bEre bEre bhAShegaLige bEre bEre rItiya vyAkaraNagaLiralu sAdhya, mattu I kAraNakkAgi avugaLa vyAkaraNagaLannu avugaLadE Ada racanAvaySiShTyagaLannu kanDuhiDiyuva

mUlaka varNisabEku ennuva blUm‌phIlD modalAdavara varNa nAtmaka vyAkaraNagaLa dxShTikOna ivugaLallondu; ellA bhAShegaLigU samAnavAgiruva vyAkaraNavondide, adannu modalige varNisi, anantara avugaLa naDuve mElininda mEle kANisuva vyatyAsagaLAvuvu embudannu varNisabEku emba com‌ski modalAdavara dxShTikOna innondu.

Adhunika kannaDa vyAkaraNagaLalli heccinavU ivugaLalli modalaneya dAda varNanAtmaka dxShTikOnavannavalambisive. Adare, adara mUla tatvagaLannu baLasikoLLuvalli avu yaSasviyAgiruva hAge kANisuvudilla. halavAru viShayagaLalli avu ingliSh bhAShege avaSyaviruva, Adare kannaDa bhAShege avaSyavilladiruva vyAkaraNAmSagaLannu hAgeyE kannaDa vyAkaraNadallU aLavaDisalu yatnisiruvudannu kANabahudu.

udAharaNegAgi, samskxtada hAge ingliSh‌nallU samastapadagaLa vibhajaneyannu avugaLa angagaLalli pradhAna pada yAvudu emba viShayada AdhArada mEle sAdhisalu sAdhyavide. idannE I vyAkaraNagaLu kannaDakkU anvayisiruvudannu kANabahudu. idallade, ingliSh‌na sabjekT, AbjekT modalAduvannU ivu kannaDa vyAkaraNadalli anavaSyakavAgi aLavaDisikonDive.

Adare, bEre kelavu viShayagaLalli ivu kannaDa vyAkaraNavannu hosa rItiyalli varNisalu yatnisive. udAharaNegAgi, kannaDada svaragaLannu pUrva mattu paSca embudAgi vingaDisuva mUlaka, kannaDa vyAkaraNakke anukUlavAguvantaha svaragaLa paTTiyannu koDalu ivu SaktavAgive. kannaDada sandhikAryagaLannU ivu svatantra rItiyalli varNisiruvudannu kANabahudu. vibhaktigaLa varNane, kriyArUpagaLa varNane modalAda bEre kelavu kaDegaLallU ivu kannaDada svarUpavannu heccu saraLavAgi vivarisalu SaktavAgive.

com‌skiya ‘janareTiv’ dxShTikOnadinda siddhavAda vyAkaraNagaLalli mAtra, kannaDa vyAkaraNa ingliSh vyAkaraNada tadpratiyAgide. e.ke. rAmAnujan avara kannaDa vyAkaraNadalli idannu spaShTavAgi kANa bahudu. udAharaNegAgi, ingliSh‌nalli vAkyaracanege padagaLa (illavE padagucchagaLa) sApEkSha sthAna bahaLa mukhyavAdudu. vAkyadalli ondu nAmapada kriyApadada modalu bandare adu sabjekTannU, anantara bandare AbjekTannU sUcisuttadeyemba niyama adarallide.

idallade, ingliSh vAkyadalli AbjekT illada vAkya iraballudu, Adare sabjekT illada vAkya iralAradu.

intaha halavu niyamagaLa AdhArada mEle, ingliSh vAkyagaLannu nAmapadaguccha (sabjekT) mattu kriyApadaguccha embudAgi modalige vingaDisi, AmEle kriyApadagucchavannu tirugi kriyApadaguccha mattu nAmapadaguccha (AbjekT) embudAgi vingaDisalAguttade.

Adare, I ellA viShayagaLallU kannaDa bhAShe ingliSh‌ninda bhinnavAgide; hAgAgi, mElina niyamagaLannu kannaDada vAkyagaLige anvayisalu sAdhyavAgadu. hAgiddarU, rAmAnujan avara kannaDa vyAkaraNa intahadE vAkyaracaneyannu kannaDadallU kANalu prayatnisu ttade.

munde embattanE daSakadalli bhAShegaLu I viShayadalli bhinna vAgiralu sAdhya embudannu managanDa com‌ski modalAdavaru tamma dxShTikOnavannu badalAyisikonDiddAre; idallade, ittIcege avara siddhAnta idE dikkinalli innaShTu badalAvaNegaLannu kanDide: bEre bEre bhAShegaLa naDuve samAnavAgiruva vyAkaraNAmSa atyalpa endu vAdisuva com‌skiyavara ‘minimalisT siddhAnta’ I viShayadalli heccu kaDime blUm‌phIlD avara haLE siddAntavannE hOluttide. kannaDa vyAkaraNada maTTige I siddAntavannu kAryarUpakke taruva kelasa I SatamAnadalli innU naDeyabEkAgide.

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vyAkaraNada avaSyakate

nijakkU I rIti kannaDa vyAkaraNavannu samSOdhisuvudarinda prayOjana vEnAdarU ideyE endu yArAdarU kELabahudu. vyAkaraNabaddha vAgi mAtanADalu nAvu cikkandinallE kalitiruvevAda kAraNa, adakke vyAkaraNavannu kaliyuva avaSyakateyilla. Adare, arivige eTakuvantaha vyAkaraNa jYAnadinda bEre halavu rItiya prayOjanagaLannu nAvu paDeyaballevu.

kampyUTar‌gaLu ivattu namma jIvanadalli bahaLa mukhyavAda sthAna vannu AkramisikoLLuttive. kannaDa bhASheyannu kampyUTar‌gaLige aLavaDisi koLLabEkiddalli, adakke kannaDa padaracane mattu vAkyaracanegaLannu tiLisikoDuva tantrASavannu tayArisikoDuvudu avaSya. idakke samskxta vyAkaraNa niyamagaLannu illavE ingliSh vyAkaraNa niyamagaLannu kannaDadavendu bhramisuva kannaDa vyAkaraNagaLinda EnU prayOjana

vAgalAradu. kannaDakke adaradE Ada vyAkaraNavondannu siddhapaDisidalli mAtra, antaha vyAkaraNavannu baLasi kampyUTar‌gaLige uttamavAda kannaDa tantrAmSavannu tayArisikoDalu sAdhya.

intaha kannaDaddE Ada tantrAmSada mUlaka, nAvu barediruva kannaDa padagaLannu mattu vAkyagaLannu kampyUTar mUlaka tiddalu sAdhyavAga bahudu, mattu ingliSh, hindi modalAda bhAShegaLalli bareda barahagaLannu kannaDakke anuvAdisuva kelasavannU kampyUTar mUlaka mADisalu sAdhyavAgabahudu. hAgAgi, I kampyUTar‌gaLa hosa yugadalli kannaDa vyAkaraNakke ellillada prAmukhyate baruvudaralli samSayavilla.

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೪.೫ Sabdabrahmaru eDavidAga

Sabdakke artha hELuvudU ondu kaleyE embudannu oppabEku. yAkendare, I kAryadalli vidvAmsarigintalU kavigaLigE agrasthAna. kelaveDegaLalli ondu Sabda mattu adara artha ivugaLoLage yAva rItiya cAritrika sambandhavilladiddarU kavigaLu A artha koTTuda rindAgi adakke mAnyate baruttade. hAgendu vidvAmsaru tamma SAstrIya kxtigaLallU kavitvakke illavE kalpanAvilAsakke mAruhOdarAdare, antaha vidvAmsaru eDaviddArendE hELabEkAguttade.

kempagiruvudu kenne (ArOgyavantara kenne kempAgiruvudarinda) endAgali, parane paridu hOguva svabhAvavuLLudE pardu > haddu endAgali, mEyuvudaralli hiridenisiddannu kanDuhiDidudE mEke endAgali Sam.bhA.jOSiyavaru vAdisidare, adannu tappendu SAstrIyavAgi vAdisalu sAdhyavAgadirabahudu. kuDu-kuDane naDuguvu dakke haccuva caLiyannu kODu endU, A caLiyinnU jAstiyAgi kuLLirabEkAda paristhiti bandare adakke kuLir emba hesarendU avaru sAridarU avara I kavitvakke kelavaru taledUgabahudu (Sam.bhA. jOSiyavara kannuDiya huTTu emba pustakavannu nODi).

Adare, beral emba Sabdadinda beranTu embudu siddavAgide yendAgali, kUL (anna)vannu tindu tiruguvudarindAgi kULi > gULi emba pada siddhavAgideyendAgali, suddigaLannu bEreyavarigariya dante hIrikonDu baruvavanE hEra illavE hErige endAgali vAdisahoraTare adakke SAstrada mannaNe dorakalAradu. SabdagaLalli

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Sabda brahmaru eDavidAga

baruva pratiyondu vyanjanakke illavE svarakke adaradE Ada caritre yiddu, bariya sArUpyada AdhArada mEle SabdagaLoLage sambandhavannu kalpisalu sAdhyavAgadu.

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svara mattu vyanjanagaLa caritre

kannaDa SabdagaLalli baruva svara mattu vyanjanagaLa caritreyannu barI kannaDa SabdagaLannu mAtravE pariSIlisuvudara mUlaka tiLiyalu sAdhyavAgadu. idakkAgi kelavomme tamiLu, telugu, tuLu, gOnDi, kuDukh modalAda itara drAviDa bhAShegaLalli baruva SabdagaLannU abhyAsa mADuva avaSyakate kanDubaruttade.

udAharaNegAgi, beranTu emba Sabdadalli baruva eraDaneya vyanjanavu akAravAgiddu, kannaDadalli adu rakAravAgideyendu, mattu beral embudaralli I vyanjanakke rakAravE mUlavAgittendu intaha abhyAsadinda siddhisuttade. avugaLoLage arthadalli sambandha tOrabahu dAdarU SabdagaLa maTTige sambandhavilla.

kUL-gUL embavugaLallU hIgeyE. avugaLoLage artha sAmya kANisuttade, Adare Sabda sambandhavilla. kUL embudu haLegannaDa dallEnE kUL endide. Adare, gUL embudaralliruva LakAra I rIti aykAradinda bandideyendu vAdisalu yAva AdhAravU illa. adu mUladallU LakAravAgiyE iddirabEku. hIru emba padadinda hEra illavE hEriga emba padavannu SAstrIyavAgi sAdhisalu sAdhyavillavEkendare, kannaDada caritreyalli I emba svara E emba svaravAgideyendu hELalu yAva AdhAravU illa.

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namma nuDi

mAsti venkaTESa ayyangAryaru bareda namma nuDi emba pustaka dallU intahavE halavu kalpanegaLannu kANuttEve. andavAda kay angay, angayyalli iruvudu ankeyalliruttade, hAgAgi ankayyE anantara anke endAgirabEku embudu intaha kalpanegaLallondu. bAyalli nIrUruvante mADuva padArtha Urpu > uppu embu dinnondu. iru emba dhAtuvininda Ete, aydAne emba rUpaga LAdante, kayya beraLugaLa hAge ottAgiru emba arthadalli aydu emba pada bandu adE aydu emba sankhyAvAciyAda padavAgiralU sAku embudu mattondu.

mElininda mEle nODuvavarige ivellavU yuktiyuktavAda vAda gaLAgiyE tOrabahudAdarU ondu mukhya cAritrika kAraNakkAgi ivu mUrannU tappu kalpanegaLendu tyajisabEkAguttade. kannaDadavE Ada canda, cannAgi modalAda padagaLinda mattu itara drAviDa bhAShegaLalli kANisuva padagaLinda, kannaDada anda emba padada mUlavU canda endE iddirabEkendu nirdharisabEkAguttade.

Adi cakAra vikalpavAgi lOpagonDiruvudE I rIti kannaDadalli canda-anda embudAgi eraDeraDu rUpagaLu kANisalu kAraNa. angay mattu anke emba padagaLa mUlarUpakke intaha AdicakAravannu kalpisikoLLalu yAva AdhAravU illavAdudarinda, avakkU anda emba padakkU naDuve yAva sambandhavU siddisadu.

uppu emba padada mUlavU cuppu endiddirabEkendu kuyi, gOnDi, pArji modalAda madhyadrAviDa bhAShegaLa AdhArada mEle hELabahudu. aydu emba padadallU intaha AdicakAravittu. udA haraNegAgi, pArjiyalli I pada cEdu endU, kuyiyalli singi endU baruttade. Uru (mUla Uru) emba padakkAgali, iru emba padakkAgali intaha AdicakAravannu kalpisikoLLalu AdhAravillavAda kAraNa, mEle hELida mAstiyavara kalpaneyannu sariyendu samarthisi koLLalu sAdhyavAgadu. illa emba padakkU cil emba rUpavidditAda kAraNa, adannU ir emba dhAtuvininda sAdhisuvudu kaShTasAdhya.

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bEre kelavu kalpanegaLu

mAstiyavara pustakadalli idE rItiya innU halavAru kalpanegaLannu kANabahudu. ivugaLalli kelavannu mElina kalpanegaLa hAge tappendu nirdhAravAgi hELabahudAdare, bEre kelavannu sariyendu illavE tappendu vAdisalu yAva AdhAravU illavAddarinda sadyakkantU hAgeyE biDabEkAguttade.

bAgi bAgi mADuva kelasavAddarinda kuNi embudakkU kUnu embudakkU sambandha kalpisiddAre, Adare kUnu embudara nakAra kuNi embudaralli NakAravAdudu hEge embudannu mAtra hELilla. kaL ‘maresu’ embudarinda kaLatale > kattale emba pada bandideyendi ddAre, Adare I eraDaneya pada (kaLatale embudu) kari embudarinda siddhisideyendu hELalu cAritrika AdhAravide. pit (hinde) emba padada

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pAribhAShika padagaLa sxShTi

uccAraNe hindumundAgi tippe endAgideyendu avaru hELiruvu dantU tIra vicitra.

bennu emba padavannu mAstiyavaru pin emba padadinda sAdhisu ttAre. Adare kannaDada ikAra ekAravAdudu akAra illavE ekAra paradalli bandAga mAtra (udA: ir > eraDu, nillu > nele). bennu emba padada mUla ‘verin’ endEnO irabEku (tuLuvina beri, tamiLina verin ityAdi padagaLannu idakke AdhAravAgi koDabahudu).

ogedu oNagisida baTTeyannu maDisuttEve, Addarinda maDisida baTTe maylige allada baTTe maDi Ayitu, idannu mADuvavanE maDi vaLa emba mAstiyavara vAdavannu sadyakkantU tappendu sAdhisalu sAdhyavillavAdarU adu mElinavugaLa hAgeyE ide.

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rUDhimUlavAda sambandha

bhASheyalli baruva heccina padagaLigU avu sUcisuva vastuvinoDane illavE viShayadoDane nEravAda sambandhavilla. sAvirAru varShagaLinda beLedu bandiruva rUDhimUlavAda sambandha mAtravE ivugaLoLage iruvantahadu embudannu mareyabAradu. padakkU adu sUcisuva vastuvigU nEravAda sambandha ideyAdare, kannaDada marakke samskxta dalli vxkSha, hindiyalli pED, marAThiyalli jhAD, ingliSh‌nalli TrI endella bEre hesarugaLiralu sAdhyavAguttiralilla.

padagaLigU, vastu illavE viShayagaLigU naDuviruva I sambandha vannu, mattu adara caritreyannu tiLiyuvalli tarkakke yAva sthAnavU illa. bhASheya svarUpavannu tarkada mUlaka viSlEShisa horaTavaralli obbarU iduvarege jayaSIlarAgilla embudu illi gamanisabEkAda sangatiyAgide.

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೪. pAribhAShika padagaLa sxShTi

yAvudAdarondu SAstradalli hosa viShayagaLannu kanDuhiDida mEle, adannu varadimADabEkAgi bandAga, halavu bAri hosa padagaLannU sxShTisikoLLuva avaSyakate kanDubaruttade. bhASheyalliruva padagaLu I hosa viShayagaLannu spaShTavAgi mattu aDakavAgi varNisalu SaktavAga diruvudE idakke kAraNa. I samasye heccAgi SAstrIya barahagaLalli

kANisikoLLuttade. hAgAgi, I rIti hosadAgi sxShTiyAguva padagaLu SAstrIya barahagaLalli jAsti kANisikoLLuttave, mattu avugaLalli heccinavU antaha barahagaLigaShTE sImitavAgiruttave.

intaha padagaLannu nAvu pAribhAShika padagaLendu kareyuttEve. ivugaLa arthavEnembudannu tiLiyalu, avakke sambandhisida SAstragaLannu tiLidukonDiruvudu atyavaSya. udAharaNegAgi, samAsa embudu vyAkaraNa SAstrakke sambandhisiruva ondu pAribhAShika pada. idara artha vEnembudannu sariyAgi tiLidukoLLabEkAgiddalli, modalige adakke sambandhisida vyAkaraNa tatvagaLu entahavu embudannu tiLidukoLLuva avaSyakateyide.

ittIcege naDeyuttiruva hosa hosa samSOdhanegaLalli heccinavU ingliSh bhASheyallE varadiyAguttive. hAgAgi, avakke sambandhisidante hosa hosa pAribhAShika padagaLU A bhASheyallE heccu heccu sxShTi yAguttive. Adare, kannaDadantaha itara bhAShegaLalli I hosa viShaya gaLannu vivarisabEkAdAgalella, avugaLallU takkudAda pAribhAShika padagaLannu sxShTisikoLLuva avaSyakate kanDubaruttade. I pAribhAShika padagaLa sxShTiyannu yAva rItiyalli naDesabahudu embudannu pariSIlisuvudE I lEkhanada guri.

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eraDu rItiya vyAkaraNa jYAnagaLu

ondu bhASheyannu baLasuttiruvAga, nAvu eraDu rItiya vyAkaraNa jYAnagaLannu upayOgisuttiruttEve. namma arivige eTakadantaha vyAkaraNa jYAnavondu; idannu nAvu namma arivilladanteyE baLasu tiruttEve; idaralli naDeyuva badalAvaNegaLU namage gottAgadante naDeyuttiruttave. sAmAnyavAgi namma bhASheya bagegiruva I vyAkaraNa jYAnavannu nAvu cikkandinalli bhASheyannu paDeyuvAga namagarivilla danteyE paDediruttEve.

intaha arivige eTakada vyAkaraNa jYAna mAtravallade, namma bhASheya kuritAgi arivige eTakuva vyAkaraNa jYAnavU nammallide. svalpa maTTige nAvidannu kannaDada klAsinalli kalitiruttEve. anantaravU bhASheya kuritAgi namagiruva kutUhalavannu taNisuvudakkAgi lEkhanagaLa nnOdiyO athavA namma mAtannE gamanisiyO A mAtina Antarika racaneyantahadu embudannu svalpamaTTige aritiruttEve. pAribhAShika

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pAribhAShika padagaLa sxShTi,

padagaLa sxShTi prAmukhyavAgi I eraDanE rItiya vyAkaraNa jYAnada AdhArada mEle naDeyabEkAgide.

hAgAgi, intaha padagaLannu sxShTisuvavarige sAkaShTu arivige eTakuva vyAkaraNa jYAnavilladiddalli avaru sxShTisuva padagaLu bhAShege sariyAgi hondikoLLalAravu. idallade, intaha padagaLa mUlaka SAstrakke sambandhisida viShayagaLannu arthamADikoLLalu vidyArthigaLige kaShTavAgabahudu. avannu bhAShe (endare bhASheyannu baLasuva samAja) svIkarisadiralU sAdhyavide. endare, hIge sxShTiyAda padagaLu pAribhAShika padakOSagaLallaShTE uLiyalU sAdhyavide.

illi nAvu gamanisabEkAgiruva viShayavEnendare, pAribhAShika pada gaLannu ondu bhASheya vidvAmsaru tamma arivige eTakuva vyAkaraNa jYAnada AdhArada mEle racisi barahagaLalli baLasuttArAdarU, anantara bhASheyalli naDeyuva adara baLake arivige eTakada vyAkaraNajYAnada angavAgiyE naDeyabEkAguttade. I eraDaneya kriye samarpakavAgi naDeyabEkiddalli antaha padagaLu bhASheya racanege honduvantiru vudu avaSya.

vidvAmsaru sxShTisuva hosa hosa pAribhAShika padagaLu bhAShe yalli sariyAgi hondikonDu, avannu kaliyuva vidyArthigaLige mattu baLasuva itara vidvAmsarige tondareyAgadirabEkAdalli, antaha pada gaLannu sxShTisuvavarella atyavaSyavAgiyU tiLidukoLLabEkAgiruva viShayagaLu kelavive.

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padagaLa mUla

hosatAgi padagaLannu sxShTi mADuvAga adakke bEkAguva padAmSa gaLannu endare dhAtugaLannu mattu pratyayagaLannu ellinda paDeyabEku embudu ondu praSne. kannaDadalli pAribhAShika padagaLannu sxShTi mADu vavarella ivannu samskxtadinda ettikoLLuvudu rUDhi. AdaShTu maTTige ivaru ingliSh‌nalliruva padagaLannu hAgeyE uLisikoLLalu prayatnisuttAre; avu kannaDa bhAShege svalpavU hondikoLLuvudilla endu anisidalli mAtra, ivaru hosa padagaLannu sxShTisalu hOguttAre.

kannaDaddE Ada dhAtu mattu pratyayagaLannu intaha pAribhAShika pada gaLannu sxShTisuvalli baLasadiralu ivaru koDuva mukhya kAraNa vEnendare, kannaDadalli I dhAtugaLige dinabaLakeya arthaviddu, niShkxShTa

vAda artha baruvante avannu SAstrIya barahagaLallU baLasidevAdare gondalavunTAgalu sAdhyavide embudu.

ingliSh, phrenc modalAda bhAShegaLalli I samasyeyannu bagehari suvudakkAgi grIk illavE lyATin bhAShegaLinda dhAtugaLannu mattu pratyayagaLannu Amadu mADikoLLuva krama rUDhige bandittu. kannaDada maTTige idE rItiyalli samskxtadinda dhAtugaLannu mattu pratyaya gaLannu Amadu mADikoLLuvudu aShTE anukUla embudu ivara vAda.

Adare, dinabaLakeya arthaviruva padagaLannu pAribhAShika padagaLAgi baLasidalli gondalavunTAgaballudu emba vAda nijakkU sAdhAravE embudannu pariSIlisuva avaSyakateyide. ingliSh‌na ittIcegina pravxtti yannu gamanisidevAdare, dinabaLakeya padagaLE heccu heccAgi pAribhAShika padagaLa sthAnadalli baLakege baruttiruvudu kanDubaruttide.

udAharaNegAgi, gaNakayantrakke (kampyUTar) sambandhisida pAri bhAShika padagaLalli heccinavU dinabaLakeya padagaLE (mouse, tools, paste, web, ityAdi). intaha padagaLannu aDakavAgi racisalu sAdhya vAgade, dIrghavAda padagucchagaLannu baLasabEkAgi bandAga, avugaLalli baruva padagaLa modalaneya akSharagaLannu mAtra baLasi aDakavAda padagaLannu racisuva kramavU (URL ‘Uniform Resource Locator’, FTP ‘File Transfer Protocol’, VBA ‘Visual Basic for Applications’ ityAdi) ingliSh‌nalli beLedu bandide.

kannaDadallU idE vidhAnavannu yAke baLasabAradu? rAjakIya pakShagaLannu hesarisuvalli mattu vyaktigaLannu hesarisuvalli (kuvempu, tarAsu, anakx, ityAdi) intahadE vidhAna IgAgalE kannaDadalli baLakeyallide. adannE pAribhAShika padagaLannu unTumADuvallU baLasabahudu.

nAvu gamanisabEkAgiruva innondu viShayavEnendare, samskxta dalli hosa pAribhAShika padagaLannu racisabEkAdAga, avaru bEre yAva bhAShegU marehokkiralilla; samskxtadavE Ada pada mattu pratyaya gaLannE baLasi tamage bEkAda hosa padagaLannu unTumADikonDiddaru. lyATin‌nalliyU hIgeyE. I bhAShegaLalli I rIti tammavE Ada pada mattu pratyayagaLannu baLasi pAribhAShika padagaLannu unTumADiruvudu gondalakke eDekoDalillavAdare, kannaDadalli yAke gondalakkeDe koDabEku?

pAribhAShika padagaLa sxShTi,

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eravalu mattu padasxShTi

ondu bhAShe eShTu sulabhavAgi bEre bhAShegaLinda padagaLannu eravalAgi paDedukoLLaballudu embudu bahuSaH adannu baLasuva iDI samAjada anisikeyannavalambiside. kannaDadalli intaha eravalu bahaLa sulabhavAgi naDeyuttade, Adare, idakke viruddhavAgi, baLasabEkAgiruva padagaLannella tamma bhAShege bhAShAntarisikoLLuva pravxtti tamiLinalli kANisuttade.

I eraDu vidhAnagaLalli yAvudu sari, yAvudu tappu emba praSnege uttara koDuvudu kaShTa. ingliSh mattu jarman bhAShegaLa naDuveyU intahadE vyatyAsaviruvudannu kANabahudu. ingliSh‌nalli eravalu bahaLa sulabhavAgi naDeyaballudu, Adare jarman‌nalli bhAShAntara vidhAnavannu baLasuvudE jAsti.

kannaDa bhASheyannu baLasuva samAja eravalannu bahaLa sulabhavAgi angIkarisaballudAda kAraNa, pAribhAShika padagaLa sxShTiyalli samskxta dhAtu mattu pratyayagaLa baLakege I samAjadalli heccina virOdha vEnU tOribaruvudilla. A rIti racitavAda pAribhAShika padagaLannu aragisikoLLuvudu mAtra vidyArthigaLige mattu itara Odugarige tumbA kaShTavAguttide.

idallade, samskxtada badalu kannaDadavE Ada pada mattu pratyaya gaLannu baLasi hosa padagaLannu unTumADidalli, antaha padagaLu kannaDada jAyamAnakke heccu hondikeyAgaballuvu emba viShayadalli samSayavilla. hosagannaDada padagaLu idakke anukUlavAgillavAdalli haLegannaDada illavE kannaDadavE Ada upabhAShegaLa padagaLannu mattu pratyayagaLannu idakkAgi ArisikoLLabahudallavE?

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bhAShAntara mattu arthAntara

ingliSh‌nalliruva pAribhAShika padavondakke badalAgi kannaDadalli ondu hosadAda pAribhAShika padavannu sxShTisuvAga, adu ingliSh‌nallidda padada oLaracane mattu adara artha ivannu pratibimbisabEkE athavA A padakke SAstradalli yAva arthavideyO adannu pratibimbisabEkE emba viShayadalli vidvAmsaroLage bhinnAbhiprAyavide.

udAharaNegAgi black box emba padakke badalAgi kannaDadallondu pAribhAShika padavannu sxShTisabEkAdAga, A padada oLaracaneyannu mattu adara arthavannu sUcisuvante kappu peTTige emba padavannu baLasa bEkE, illavE A pada gurutisuva vastuvannu (cockpit recorder)

varNisuvante bErondu padavannu illavE padagucchavannu baLasabEkE embudAgi sandEhavunTAgalu sAdhyavide.

vijYAna padakOSavannu kannaDadalli tayArisuvavaru modalaneya vidhAnavannu anusarisiruvarAdare, adannE marAThiyalli tayArisuvavaru eraDaneya vidhAnavannu anusariddAre. Adare, ivugaLalli yAvudannU sampUrNa sariyendu hELalu baruvudilla. ondu padavannu baLasa toDaguvAga, sAmAnyavAgi adu gurutisuva vastuvina guNadharma gaLalli kaNNige hoDedu kANisuvantahadannu A pada varNisuvantira bEkendu nAvu prayatnisuttEve. Adare, baLake munduvaridante A vastuvina guNadharmagaLalli badalAvaNegaLunTAgalu sAdhyavide, mattu A vastuvina kuritAgi namagiruva jYAnadallU badalAvaNegaLunTAgalu sAdhyavide.

hAgAgi, baLasalu prArambhisida samayadalli ondu pAribhAShika padada oLaracane mattu artha adu gurutisuva vastuvige anvayisu vanteyE idditAdarU, anantarada kAladalli adu A rIti anvayisa dante Agalu sAdhyavide. kannaDada ugibanDi pada idakke ondu uttama udAharaNe. Igina kAladalli I pada gurutisuva sAdhana DIsel illavE vidyucchaktiyinda calisuvudE jAsti.

idallade, bhAShegaLalli baruva padagaLa oLaracane mattu artha ivakkU avu gurutisuva vastuvina guNadharmakkU naDuve asAngatya viruvudE jAsti. kxShNa emba hesarina vyakti beLLagAgiruvudu, illavE sundari emba hesarina huDugi kurUpiyAgiruvudu aShTondu aparUpavEnalla. I hesarugaLannu baLasuvavarU avu vyaktigaLa illavE vastugaLa guNadharmavannu sariyAgi tiLisuttirabahudendu nirIkShisu vudU illa. padagaLu bhASheyalli bariya sankEtagaLAgi baLakeyAguvu vallade, avu gurutisuva vastugaLa illavE viShayagaLa varNanegaLAgi baLakeyAguvudu bahaLa kaDime. pAribhAShika padagaLU I rIti sankEta gaLAgiddare sAku, varNanegaLAgirabEkendEnU illa.