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bhAga eraDu

kalike mattu vyAkaraNa

cikka makkaLu tamma beLavaNigeya angavAgi mAtxbhASheyannu kaliyuvu dakkU, SAleyalli ingliSh, hindi modalAda eraDanE illavE mUranE bhASheyannu kaliyuvudakkU naDuve halavu vyatyAsagaLive. idE rItiyalli, bhASheyannu kaliyuvudakkU adannu Odalu illavE bareyalu kaliyuvudakkU naDuveyU halavu vyatyAsagaLive. I vyatyAsa gaLu entahavu embudannu sariyAgi tiLidukoLLade, hosa bhAShe yondannu, illavE mAtxbhASheyadE Ada barahavannu kalisa horaTare halavAru samasyegaLELaballuvu.

intaha halavu samasyegaLu ivattu namma SAlegaLalli baLakeya lliruva paThya kramadalli kANisuttive. kannaDada klAsinalli kannaDa makkaLige Odu-baraha kalisabEkAgide, Adare nijakkU nAvu kalisuttiruvudu kannaDa bhASheyannu. idakke badalu, hosa bhASheyondannu kalisabEkAgiruva ingliSh, hindi modalAda bEre bhAShegaLa klAsugaLalli bhASheyannu sariyAgi kalisuva modalE nEravAgi A bhASheya sAhitya kxtigaLannu kalisuva yatna naDeyuttide!

kannaDa vyAkaraNavemba hesarinalli kannaDakke svalpavU sambandhisadantaha viShayagaLannu kalisalAguttide. nijakkU ondu bhASheyalli padagaLannu, padarUpagaLannu mattu vAkyagaLannu hEge racisalAguttade embudannu vyAkaraNa hELikoDabEku; Adare kannaDada taragatigaLalli kalisuva vyAkaraNa idondannU hELade, kannaDada maTTige tIra anavaSyaka gaLAgiruva kelavu samskxta vyAkaraNada viShayagaLannu tiLisuttade.

bhAShe mattu barahagaLannu kalisuva vidhAnadalli mUDi bandiruva I tappugaLindAgi vidyArthigaLu aydAru varSha ondu bhASheyannu kalitarU avarige adaralli ondu vAkyavannU sariyAgi bareyalu sAdhyavAgada hAgAgide. idallade, barahavannu kalitarU avaralli pustaka gaLannu Oduva Asakti unTAguvudilla.

I samasyegaLinda horabaruvudu hEge, ittIcegina samSOdhanegaLu I viShayadalli Enu hELuttave embudannu keLagina hattu lEkhanagaLalli vivarisalAgide.

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೨.೧ todalu nuDiya indrajAla

huTTidoDaneyE jOrAgi aLalu surumADuva makkaLige tamma bAyi yinda svara horaDisalu yArU hELikoDabEkAgillavEnO nija. Adare, I svaradalli nUrAru vayvidhyategaLannu barisi avannella tamma svAdhInadallirisikonDu mAtAgi baLasuvudendare aShTondu sulabhada kelasavEnalla. I kAryada kliShTateyannu managanDa bhAShAvijYAnigaLu mattu manOvijYAnigaLu magu tanna bhASheyannu modala bArige hEge kayvaSa mADikoLLuttade embudannu sariyAgi tiLidukoLLalu bahaLa samayadindalU prayatnisuttiddAre. Adare avara prayatnavinnU pUrti saphalagonDideyennuva sthitige bandu muTTilla.

huTTidandinindalU bage bageya SabdagaLannu utpAdisalu prayatni suttalE iruva magu sAmAnyavAgi ondu-ondUvare varShadalli eraDu illavE mUru padagaLuLLa mAtugaLannADalu SaktavAguttade mattu innondu varSha kaLeyuvudaroLage tanna mAtxbhASheyalli heccu kaDime sariyAgiyE mAtanADalU kalitu biDuttade embudu kela samSOdhakarigantU AScaryavannE unTumADide.

idu eShTu kaShTada kelasavembudannu ELenTu varSha prayatnapaTTu kalitarU ingliSh‌nalli ondE ondu vAkyavannU sariyAgi ADalu sAdhyavAgadiruvantaha namma SAlA vidyArthigaLu hELaballaru. avarE I kelasavannu tamma bAlyadalli lIlAjAlavAgi mADi mugisiruva rAddarinda I kAryada hinde namagariyadantaha indrajAlavEnO aDagideyembudaralli yAva sandEhavU illa.

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mAtu kaliyuva Sakti

identaha indrajAla? huTTuvAgalE makkaLu mAtu kaliyalu bEkA dantaha ondu viSiShTavAda Saktiyannu paDedukonDu huTTiruvarendU, mattu I Sakti aydu-Aru varSha prAyada varege mAtravE avaralli uLidiruttadeyendU vidvAmsaru abhiprAyapaTTiddAre. ondu magu A

prAyadoLage bhASheyannu kaliyali, kaliyadirali, anantara A Sakti A maguvina kayyalli uLidiralAradu.

arekivuDAda maguvigU mUru nAlku varShagaLoLagEnE bhAShe yannu prayatnapUrvakavAgi kalisidalli adu sulabhavAgi kaliyaballudu; Adare, adara vayassu jAstiyAdantella I kelasa heccu heccu kaThiNa vAguttA hOguttadeyendu vijYAnigaLu kanDuhiDidiruvudu idakke ondu uttama udAharaNe. SAlege baruva vidyArthigaLella I mAtu kaliyuva Saktiyannu paDediruvantaha vayassannu dATiruttAre. hAgAgi, avara taleyoLage hosadondu bhASheyannu tumbuvudu aShTondu kaShTavAguttideyendu bEre hELabEkAgillavaShTe?

todalu nuDiya I hasuLegaLa bhAShAbhyAsa hEge naDeyuttade? kelavu manegaLalli tAyitandeyaru tamma makkaLondige spaShTavAgi avarige arthavAguvante mAtanADuvarAdarU I rItiya mAtu makkaLa bhAShAbhyAsakke eShTu avaSyavembudinnU spaShTavAgilla. tammoDane yAva rItiyallU mAtanADalu tAyitandeyarE illadantaha tabbali makkaLU lIlAjAlavAgi tamma modala bhASheyannu kalitukoLLuttAre. hAgAgi, I kAryada hindina vaycitrya innaShTu gUDhavAgirabEkendu vidvAmsaru abhiprAyapaDuttAre.

bahuSaH tamma maneya mattu nerehoreya manegaLa vayaskaru ADuva mAtugaLannu kELikELi tAvAgi mAtanADalu mattu bEreyavara mAtugaLannu arthamADikoLLalu bEkAdantaha anubhavavannu mEle hELida viSiShTavAda Saktiya mUlaka makkaLu tAvAgiyE paDedukoLLu tArendu hELabahudEnO. I anubhavavannu paDeyuva krama hEge emba viShayadalli ittIcege bahaLaShTu vAda vivAdagaLu naDeyuttive.

kelavara matadante, huTTuvAgalEnE makkaLu jagattina bhAShegaLigella hondikeyAgabahudAdantaha niyamAvaLiyondannu (endare vyAkaraNa vannu) taleyoLage tumbikonDiruttave, mattu tamma suttumuttalinavara mAtugaLannu kELi kELi antaha niyamAvaLiyalli avaSyaviruva badalAvaNegaLannu mADikoLLuttave.

idu hEgE irali, makkaLu tamma modala mUru nAlku varSha gaLalli ondu bhASheyannu kalitukoLLuva kramakkU, A vayassu dATida mEle hosadondu bhASheyannu kalitukoLLuva kramakkU naDuve bahaLaShTu vyatyAsavideyembudantU nija. modalaneya bhASheyannu

kalitabanda anubhavada taLapAyada mElEnE eraDaneya illavE mUraneya bhASheya kaliyuvike naDeyabEku.

modalaneya bhASheyannu kaliyuvantaha eLe vayassannu dATida makkaLu A vayassinalli yAva bhASheyannU kaliyadiddarU, mattu anantara avarige modalaneya bhASheyannE kalisabEkiddarU, eraDaneya illavE mUraneya bhASheyannu kalisuva kramadallEnE adannu kalisa bEkAguvudendu vijYAnigaLu kanDukonDiddAre.

I eraDu rItiya kaliyuvikegaLa naDuviruva vyatyAsavannu spaShTa mADikoDuvudakkAgi makkaLu tamma modalaneya mAtxbhASheyannu ‘gaLisi’koLLuttArendU, eraDaneya illavE mUraneya bhASheyannu ‘kalitu’koLLuttArendU I eraDu kAryagaLannu sUcisalu bEre bEre kriyApadagaLannu baLasuva krama bhAShAvijYAnigaLalli rUDhige bandide.

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kivuDu makkaLige mAtu kalisuvudu

huTTu kivuDarAda makkaLige mAtu bAradiruvudakke avaralli intaha mAtu kaliyuva Sakti illadiruvudu kAraNavalla, hAge kaliyuvudakke avaSyavAgiruvantaha itararu ADuva mAtannu kELuva Sakti avara llilladiruvudE kAraNa. modala hattu hadinaydu tingaLugaLalli itara makkaLante kivuDarAda makkaLU bEre bEre rItiya SabdagaLannu horaDisuttiruttave. Adare, I SabdagaLu tAyi tandeyara illavE sahOdara sahOdariyara mAtinalli baruva padagaLige samanAgi badalAgalu sAdhyaviruvudilla.

itara makkaLu tamma suttalinavara mAtugaLannu kELi kELi, hosa hosa SabdagaLannu utpAdisuva vayassannu muTTidAga, kivuDutanaviruva makkaLu mella mellage bAyiyinda Sabda horaDisuvudannE nillisa toDaguttave. hAgAgi, yAvudAdarondu magu I rIti bAyiyinda Sabda horaDisuvudannu antaha prAyadalli kaDimemADatoDagide yAdare, adakke kividOShavEnAdarU ideyE endu parIkShisikoLLuva avaSyakateyide.

doDDavaralliruvante makkaLallU bEre bEre maTTada kivuDutana viruttade. kelavu makkaLige svalpa gaTTiyAgi mAtanADidare kELisuvantaha kaDime maTTada kivuDutanavirabahudu. intaha ondu magu bhAShe kaliyuva prAyavannu muTTuttiruva samayadalli, endare sumAru ondUvare-eraDu varSha vayassinadAdAga, tAyitandeyaru prayatna

paTTu A maguvinoDane nityavU adakke kELisuvante gaTTiyAgi mattu spaShTavAgi mAtanADuva paripAThavanniTTukonDare, A maguvina todalu nuDi kaDime kaDimeyAgi mAyavAguva badalu hiriyara mAta nnanusarisi padagaLantAgi, A magu itara makkaLanteyE mAtanADalu kaliyuvudendu vijYAnigaLu sAdhisi tOrisiddAre.

idakkU heccina maTTada kiviDutanaviruva maguvige uLidavarADuva mAtu kELisuvante kivigaLige hAkikoLLuva upakaraNavondannu toDisuva sAdhyateyide. bariya hattu tingaLina SiSugaLigU amerikada kelavu prayOgaSAlegaLalli intaha upakaraNagaLannu toDisi parIkShisi ddAre. atI kaDime kELisuvantaha huTTukivuDarAda makkaLU intaha upakaraNagaLa sahAyadinda itara makkaLanteyE SIghravAgi mattu spaShTa vAgi mAtanADalu kalitive.

kivuDutana mattu mAtubAradiruvike iveraDu manuShyanannu entaha asahAyaka sthitige mattu asahyavAda EkAntakke taLLabahudembudannu managanDu tAyitandeyaru eLE prAyadallEnE kivuDutanavira bahudAda tamma makkaLige mAtu kaliyalu ellA rItiya sahAya gaLannU odagisikoDuvudu avaSya.

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೨.೨ kannaDada makkaLige kannaDa pATha

modalaneya taragatige bandu sEruva huDuga huDugiyarige kannaDada klAsinalli Enannu kalisabEku emba viShayavannu namma vidyAdhikAri gaLinnU sAkaShTu sUkShmavAgi vivEcisidantilla. huTTi mUru nAlku varSha kaLeyuvudaroLagEnE I makkaLu kannaDa bhASheyannu ADuvu daralli mattu bEreyavaru ADiddannu kELi artha mADikoLLuvudaralli sAkaShTu paLagiruttAre. I viShayadalli kaliyabEkAdudannella svataH kalitukoLLuva SaktiyU janmataH avarige labhisiruttade. tamma mAtx bhASheyannu kalitukoLLuva krama hEgembudannu avarige yArU hELikoDabEkAgilla. hAgAdare, kannaDa klAsinalli avarige kalisikoDa bEkAdaddEnu?

mAtanADidudannu kELi artha mADikoLLuvudu mattu hELa bEkendenisidudannu mAtininda hELi tiLisuvudu iveraDu kAryagaLa nnallade, Oduvudu mattu bareyuvudu emba inneraDu kAryagaLannU mADuva Sakti manuShyanigirabEkembudu namma Adhunika nAgarikateya

vaySiShTyagaLallondAgide. modalaneya taragatige sEruva makkaLige kalisikoDabEkAgiruva viShayagaLalli Oduvudu mattu bareyuvudu iveraDU atyanta mukhyavAda amSagaLembudu idarinda spaShTavAguttade. I kelasavannu mukhyavAgi kannaDada klAsinallE naDesabEkAgide. hAgAgi, iveraDu cAturyagaLannu makkaLige kalisikoDuvalli kannaDa klAsina paThya pustakagaLu mattu pAThakramagaLu eShTara maTTige takkudAgiveyembudannu pariSIlisuvudu avaSya.

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Odu kalisuvudu

Oduvikeyalli pariNatanAgalu vidyArthiyu halavAru rItiya kavSalya gaLannu kayvaSamADikoLLabEkAguttade. Atanu tAnu OdabEkAgiruva bhASheyannu sariyAgi tiLidirabEku mAtravalla, baravaNigeyalli baLasa lAguva bEre bEre sanjYegaLoLagiruva ati sUkShmavAda vyatyAsagaLannu gamanisikoLLuvaShTu Atana buddhi beLedirabEku. sanjYegaLigU SabdagaLigU naDuve sambandhavannu kalpisikoLLuva, mattu barahada sanjYegaLannu nEra vAgi mattu SabdagaLa mUlaka arthamADikoLLuva Sakti Atanalli mUDira bEku.

sanjYegaLannu yAva kramadalli baLasalAgideyembudannu, endare sara mattu rasagaLa naDuviruva vyatyAsa entahadembudannu gamanisikoLLuva Sakti AtanigirabEku. beLavaNigeya vividha hantagaLalliruva I sAmarthya gaLannella avugaLa pUrNa rUpakke beLesikoDuvudara mUlaka vidyArthige kannaDa barahavannu kalisikoDuvudE kannaDa klAsina mukhya uddESavendu vAdisalu sAdhyavide.

makkaLige Odu kalisuvudu hEge embudaralli mukhyavAgi eraDu bhinna bhinnavAda abhiprAyagaLu vidvAmsara gamanavannu seLedive. makkaLige bEre bEre padagaLannu Odalu hELikoDuvAga, avugaLalli baLake yAgiruva akSharagaLannu biDisi biDisi Odalu kalisabEkembudondu; mattu hAge biDisi hELalu hOgade, padagaLannu mattu padasamUha gaLannu oTToTTAgi Odi grahisikoLLalu kalisabEkembudinnondu. sadyakke I eraDu abhiprAyagaLalli yAvudu sari endu tiLiyalu prayatni suvudakkintalU avugaLalli yAva vidhAna namma bhASheya barahavannu kalisuvalli heccu upayuktavAgaballudu embudannu nirdharisi koLLuvudu atyavaSya.

ingliSh‌nalliruvaShTu ‘spelling’ samasyegaLilladiruva kannaDa baraha vannu kalisuvalli mEle koTTiruva modalaneya vidhAnavE heccu prayOjanakAriyAgaballudu. idallade, aduvarege OdadE iddantaha hosa hosa padagaLannOdalu makkaLu bEre bEre akSharagaLigiruva uccAraNeyannu aritukonDiruvudu uttama. AdarU Oduvikeyu jAsti vEgadinda naDeyabEkAdare, padagaLannu akShara akSharagaLAgi biDisi Odalu hOgade, oTToTTAgi grahisikoLLuva abhyAsavannU kUDa mADa bEkAguttade.

makkaLige koDuva Odina SikShaNadalli modalige akSharagaLannu biDisi biDisi Odalu kalisi, akSharagaLa sariyAda paricayavAguva hottige avarannu I abhyAsadinda tappisi, padagaLannu oTToTTAgi grahisikonDu SIghravAgi Odalu kalisuvantaha madhyada dAriyondannu anusarisuvudE kannaDada maTTige uttamavendu illi hELabahudu.

antU kannaDada modala pustakavu makkaLu tamage tiLidiruvantaha padagaLannu mattu mAtugaLannu AdaShTu SIghravAgi Odi tiLidukoLLalu sahAya mADuvantirabEku. idakkAgi I pustakadalli baruva pAThagaLannu kannaDada akSharagaLige mattu avugaLa racanAkramakke anuguNavAgi tayArisikoLLuva avaSyakateyide, mattu avugaLalli AdaShTu maTTige makkaLige tiLidiruvantaha padagaLannE upayOgisuva avaSyakateyide. ivugaLalli baLasalAguva akSharagaLU kUDa bEre bEre sannivESagaLalli prayOgisalpaTTu, makkaLa manassinalli dxDhagoLLuvantirabEku. yAva akSharavU ondO eraDO padagaLalli mAtravE tOribandu anantara ellU tOri baradiruvantaha sthitiyirabAradu.

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Odina bhAShe kalisuvudu

barahada kannaDakkU mAtina kannaDakkU naDuve svalpavAdarU vyatyAsaviddE iruttade. paThyapustakagaLalli barahakke yOgyavAgiruvantaha kannaDada prabhEdavannE baLasuttiruvevAddarinda lipiyannu kaliyuvudarondige kannaDada I viSiShTavAda prabhEdavannU makkaLu kaliyabEkAguttade.

hAgAgi, kannaDada klAsinalli Odalu mattu bareyalu kalisuvudu mAtravallade, ondu viSiShTavAda bhAShAprabhEdavannU makkaLige kalisa bEkAguvudemba viShayavannu nenapinallirisikoLLuvudu avaSya. pATha gaLannu racisuvAga lipiya vaySiShTyagaLannu mAtravallade, bhASheya vaySiShTyagaLannU (endare adu yAva amSagaLalli ADumAtiginta

bhinnavAgideyembudannu) gamanadallirisikoLLuvudu idarinda avaSyavAgu ttade.

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paThyapustakagaLa racane

Adare, namma SAlegaLalli baLasuva kannaDa paThyapustakagaLannu racisidavaralli heccinavarU I mElina viShayagaLannu gamanadallirisikonDiruvante kANisuvudilla. SAlA makkaLige tamma mAtxbhASheyAda kannaDavannu kalisalu baLasuva pustakagaLu avara eraDanE illavE mUranE bhAShe yAgaballa ingliSh mattu hindI bhAShegaLannu kalisalu baLasuva pustaka gaLiginta svalpavAdarU bhinnavAgiveyE embudannu gamanisidevAdare I viShaya spaShTavAdItu.

ingliSh mattu hindI klAsugaLalli namma makkaLige ondu hosa lipiyannu Odalu mattu bareyalu kalisabEku mAtravalla, ondu hosa bhASheyannU kalisabEku. idakkAgi hosa hosa padagaLannu mattu hosa hosa vAkyaracanAkramagaLannu avarige kalisabEku. paThyapustaka gaLannu racisuvavaru I rIti namma makkaLige kannaDa kalisuvudakkU ingliSh kalisuvudakkU naDuviruva I atyanta mukhyavAda vyatyAsa vannu gamanisikoLLabEDavE?

nijakkU namma SAlegaLalli kaliyuva heccina makkaLU paThyapustaka gaLalli baruva pAThagaLannu mattu padyagaLannu bAyipATha mADikoLLuttArallade avannu Odalu kaliyuvudilla. avugaLalli baruva citragaLu hIge bAyipATha mADida amSagaLannu A puTagaLannu tere doDane nenapige taralu sahAyavannu mAtra mADuttave. hAgAgi, makkaLu pustakadalli baredudannu Odade, adaralli iruva citragaLannu OduttArendarU salluttade

makkaLu akSharagaLannu mattu padagaLannu Oduvante mattu A padagaLa mattu vAkyagaLa arthavannu hAge Odi grahisikoLLuvante prErEpisalu samarthavAgadiruva paThyapustakagaLu Odu-baraha kalisalu arhavalla vendu bEre hELabEkAgillavaShTe.

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paThyapustakada uddESa

kannaDadalli modalaneya taragatige paThyapustakavannu tayArisuvavaru I ondu viShayavannu atyavaSyavAgi gamanadalliTTukoLLabEku. kannaDada

makkaLige kannaDada modala taragatiyalli bhAShegintalU barahavannu kalisuvudE ati mukhyavAda kelasa. kannaDa padyavondannu bAyipATha mADi hELalu makkaLige baruvudE illavE embudu mukhyavalla. bAyige baradE iruva padyavannu mattu pAThavannu pustakadinda Odi hELalu avarige baruvudE illavE embudu mukhya.

idakkAgi, modalu kannaDa pustakadalli bEre bEre sannivESagaLalli baruva akSharagaLannOdalu makkaLige sandarbhavannodagisi koDuvantaha vividha rItiya pAThagaLirabEku. intaha pAThagaLa sankhye jAstiyiddaShTu, mattu avugaLa vayvidhyate heccidaShTu makkaLu bAyipATha mADuvudu tapputtade, mattu akSharagaLannu hAgU padagaLannu OdiyE grahisikoLLu vantaha sandarbha jAstiyAguttade.

akSharagaLannu mattu padagaLannu Oduvalli makkaLige sAkaShTu kutUhalavannunTumADalu sAdhyavideyAdalli, barahavannu kalisuva paThyapustakagaLalli citragaLannE koDabEkAgillavendu kelavaru vidvAmsaru abhiprAyapaTTiddAre. ingliSh makkaLige barahavannu kalisuvudakkAgi intaha paThyapustakavondannu amerikada khyAta bhAShAvijYAni liyonArD blUm‌phIlD racisi koTTiddAre. Adare I viShayadalli innU heccina samSOdhanegaLu naDeyuva avaSyakateyide. yAkendare, kelavara abhiprAyadante, makkaLa pustakagaLalli kelavAdarU citragaLu iddE tIrabEku.

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೨.೩ vyAkaraNavemba kallina kaDale

vyAkaraNavendare bahaLa mandige talenOvu. adondu SuShka mattu niShTrayOjaka viShayavendu halavarige adaralli tAtsAra. nijavAgiyU ondu pattEdAri kateya hAge rOmAncakavAgirabEkAgiruva I viShayavannu intaha adhOgatige tandu iLisidavaru bErArU alla, namma neccina vayyAkaraNigaLE.

vyAkaraNadalli nAvu tiLiyabEkAdudu illavE kaliyabEkAdudu Enide endu halavu mandi praSnisabahudu. idakke uttaravAgi namma kannaDa bhASheya vyAkaraNavannE pariSIlisabahudu. eraDu eraDUvare varSha prAyadavarAdAginindalU nAvu anavaratavAgi I bhASheyalli mAtanADutta bandiddEve. nammalli heccinavarU tamma manassinalliruva viShayavannu itararige arthavAguvante tiLisikoDaballaru, mattu

innobbaru hELidudannu sAkaShTu maTTige sariyAgiyE arthamADikoLLaballaru. mAtxbhASheyalli nAvu paDediruva I cAturya nijakkU dayvadattavAdudu endE hELabahudu.

kannaDadalli vyAkaraNagaLu tiLisi hELabEkAgiruvudu I cAturyada svarUpavEnembudannu, nAvu hEge mAtanADuttEve? manassinalliruvu dannu hEge innobbarige arthavAguvante tiLisi hELuttEve? innobbaru hELidudannu hEge artha mADikoLLuttEve? embityAdi praSnegaLige vyAkaraNa uttara koDuttade. nAligeyannu bEre bEre rItiyalli tirugisi Sabda horaDisuttEve; I SabdagaLinda siddhavAda padagaLannu bEre bEre rItiyalli sErisi mAtugaLannu racisuttEve; idu hEge naDeyu ttade embudannu vyAkaraNa tiLisuttade.

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tiLiyuvudara phala

I sangatiyannu tiLidu AgabEkAdaddAdarU Enu endu kelavaru kELabahudu. idakkondu uttamavAda udAharaNeyide. kay, kAlu, tale modalAda angagaLannu nAvu hEge bEkO hAge manassige bandante tirugisaballevu; naDeyaballevu, ODaballevu, kuNiyaballevu; I eraDu kaygaLinda sAvirAru bEre bEre rItiya kelasagaLannu mADaballevu.

Adare, intaha calanegaLannella naDesuvudakkAgi namma kaykAlu gaLalliruva ententaha snAyugaLannu mattu elubugaLannu hEge hEgella calisabEku embudannu nAvEnAdarU tiLidiruvevEnu? idondU tiLiyadiddarU namage namma I kelasagaLannella samarpakavAgi mADi mugisalu sAdhyavAguttide.

Adare, naDeyuvAga kAlu uLukidalli, kay elubu muridalli, illavE bErEnAdarU apaghAta sambhavisidalli nAvu nEravAgi DAkTara rallige ODabEkAguttade, allavE? Aga gottAguttade, nijakkU namma ajYAnada mahimeyantahadu embudu. bhASheya viShayadalli nama giruva ajYAnadindAgi intaha tondaregaLAvuvU baralAravendu yArAdarU bhAvisabahudu. Adare bhASheya oLaguTTannariyada namma rAjakAraNigaLa ajYAnada phalavannu nAvindu dinanityavU anubhavisu tiddEvalla?

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tiLiyuva Ase

vyAkaraNavannu kalitu Enu prayOjana endu kELuvavarige innondu rItiya uttaravannU koDabahudu. prapancadalli sAvirAru kutUhala kAriyAda viShayagaLive. AkASadalli candraniddAne, nakShatragaLive; samudra dalli mInugaLive, mattu innU EnEnO jantugaLive; namma suttalU sAvirAru AScaryakAraka vastugaLu haraDive. ivannella kUlankaSavAgi tiLidukoLLabEku embudu namma mAnavasahajavAda Ase. I Aseyannu IDErisuvudakkAgi mAnavanu himAlayada tudige hattiddAne, samudrada ALakke iLididdAne, candralOkakkU prayANa beLesiddAne.

namma bAyiyindalE hora horaDuva mAtU intaha AScarya karavAda sangatigaLalli ondu. adara viShayavAgi abhyAsa mADidaShTU hosa hosa sangatigaLu horabaruttive. udAharaNegAgi, mAtu horaDisuvAga naDeyuva namma nAligeya calaneyannE parIkShisi nODa bahudu. ra ennuvAga adara tudi bAyiya mElchAvaNiyannu taTTu ide; la ennuvAga adu allE nintu eraDU badigaLalli usiru hora hAyuvante mADuttade; ta ennuvAga usiru ellU hOgadante adu taDegaTTuttade; Ta ennuvAga adara tudi hindakke maDacikonDu I kelasa mADuttade. nammalli pratiyobbarU mAtanADuvAga tamma nAligeya mUlaka I ellA kelasagaLannU mADuttiruvevAdarU nAligeya I calanavalanagaLannu sUkShmavAgi gamanisidavareShTu mandi?

vyAkaraNadalli bhASheya kuritu tiLisi hELabahudAda sAvirAru viShayagaLalli idU ondu. maneyinda bande mattu manege bande emberaDu vAkyagaLoLage arthadalli vyatyAsavide. I vyatyAsavannu kannaDa dalli hEge sUcisuttEve embudannu kannaDada vyAkaraNa tiLisuttade. mane emba padakke eraDu bEre bEre ‘vibhaktipratyaya’gaLannu sErisi kannaDadalli I arthabhEdavannu sUcisuttade. Adare, ellA bhAShe gaLU idE kramavannu anusarisabEkendEnU niyamavilla. kelavu bhAShe gaLalli padagaLa sthAnavannu badalAyisi I arthabhEdavannu sUcisa lAguttade; mattu innu kelavu bhAShegaLalli pratyayagaLa badalu bEre padagaLannE baLasalAguttade.

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nIrasateyannu kaLeyalu dAri

namma bhASheya vyAkaraNa I rIti nijakkU namma bhASheya svarUpavEnu embudannu kutUhala huTTuvante varNisahoraTalli adara nIrasate

yella iddakkiddante mAyavAdItu. ma embudu ‘anunAsika’ endu hELi ‘nAsikeyannu anusarisuvudE anunAsika’ endu vivaraNe koTTare yArigU EnU arthavAgadu, mattu adu yAra kutUhalavannU keraLisalAradu. Adare namma SAlA vyAkaraNagaLallella makAravannu varNisuva krama intahadE.

hIge hELuva badalu, ma ennuvAga tuTigaLeraDu muccikonDu, usiru bAyiyinda horage hOgadantAguttade; Adare, mUgina mUlaka hora hOguva dvAra terediruva kAraNa, adu mUgina mUlaka hora hOguttade embudAgi makAravannu uccarisi vivarisi dalli, antaha vivaraNe yArallU kutUhalavannu keraLisItu.

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innondu uddESa

vyAkaraNavannu kaliyuvudaralli innondu uddESavU ide. adEnembu dannu svalpa vivaravAgi pariSIlisONa: mAtanADuvAga nAvu sAmAnya vAgi obbara mukhavannobbaru nODuttiruttEve. mAtannu kELuttiru vavanu hIge mukhavannu nODiyE mAtanADuvavanu santOSha dalliddAnO, bEsaradalliddAnO, kOpadalliddAnO embudannella tiLiyaballanu. mAtanADuvavana mAtina kramadindalU kELuvavanige intaha halavu viShayagaLu gottAgabahudu.

allade, mAtanADuvAga nAvu kaysanne, kaNNusanne modalAdavu gaLannu baLasuttiruttEve. hELida mAtu sariyAgi kELisadiddarU, I kaysanne, kaNNusannegaLa sahAyadinda mAtanADuvavana manassinalli Enide embudannu UhisikoLLaballevu. idondU sAdhyavAgadiddarU, mAta nADuvavanu edurigEnE iruva kAraNa, avanoDane arthavAgadiruva viShayagaLa bagge bEkAdaShTu praSnegaLannu kELi avannu gottumADi koLLuva sAdhyateyU ide embudannu mareyabAradu.

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barahada samasyegaLu

dUrada Urinalliruva mitranobbanige patra bareyuvudiddalli intaha sahAyaka amSagaLondU siguvudilla. patradalli barediruva vAkyagaLu mAtravE Atanige nAvu tiLisikoDabEkendiruva viShayagaLannella tiLisi koDabEku. patra baredavanu santOShadalliddanO, kOpadalliddanO, bEsaradalliddanO embudannella I vAkyagaLu mattu avugaLalli bandiruva bEre bEre padagaLu mattu pratyayagaLu tiLisikoDabEku.

mAtina mUlaka ondu viShayavannu tiLisi hELuvudakkintalU barahada mUlaka tiLisi hELuvudu heccu kaShTada kelasavemba viShaya idarinda spaShTavAguttade. I kelasavannu txptikaravAgi naDesalu vidyArthigaLu SAle yalli ondu hosa cAturyavannE kayvaSa mADikoLLabEkAguttade.

mAtu mattu barahagaLa naDuviruva I vyatyAsavannu sariyAgi arthamADikoLLadavaru jIvanadalli halavAru tondaregaLige sikki bILu ttAre. tamASegAgi tamma patradalli EnAdarU gIcihAkiddare, avara mitraru adannu nijavendE tiLidu, avarigU avara mitrarigU naDu viruva sambandhavE oDeduhOguva sandarbha barabahudu. saraLa nuDi, konku nuDi, dvEShada nuDi, tamASeya nuDi ivannella barahadalli sUcisalu bEre bEre kramagaLive. bhASheya svarUpavannu sariyAgi arthamADikonDavarige I cAturyagaLellavU kayvaSavAgiruttave.

mOTAru naDesuvavanu tanna mOTArina Antarika racaneyantaha dembudannu tiLidukoLLadiddarU A kelasavannu samarpakavAgiyE mADa ballanembudEnO nija. Adare mOTArina oLaguTTannaritalli avanu I kelasadalli innU heccina cAturyavannu baLasaballanembudU nijavE. bhASheya mattu barahada baLakeyallU idE tatvavannu kANabahudu. SAleyalli vyAkaraNavannu kalisuvudarinda tamma bhASheya bagge vidyArthi gaLalli kutUhalavannu keraLisuvudarondige, barahada oLaguTTannU avarige tiLisikoDalu sAdhyavide. idannu sariyAgi mADalu SaktarAdalli, vayyAkaraNigaLu ondu doDDa kAryavannE sAdhisidantAdItu.

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೨.೪ SAlA vyAkaraNagaLalli modalaneya pATha

kannaDadalli vyAkaraNagaLannu bareyuttiruva vidvAmsaralli heccinavarU tamma vicAra Saktiyannu sampUrNavAgi kaLedukonDiruvarembudakke ‘varNamAle’yemba avara vyAkaraNada modalaneya pAThavE uttama udAharaNe. kannaDa bhASheya varNagaLAvuvu, mattu entahavu embu dannu cikka makkaLige arthavAguvante vivaravAgi tiLisi hELabEkAgiruva I pAThada svarUpa ondu sAvira varShagaLaShTu samayavU badalAgade uLidide.

I sAvira varShagaLalli bErellA SAstragaLallU ententaha badalA vaNegaLella naDedu hOgiveyembudannu gamanisidavAdare (cappaTeyidda

bhUmi uruTAgide), kannaDada I baDa vyAkaraNaSAstra eShTu hinduLi dideyemba viShaya spaShTavAdItu.

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bhAShe mattu lipi

bhAShe mattu adu baLasuva lipigaLa naDuve bahaLaShTu vyatyAsagaLiralu sAdhyavide. kannaDa bhASheya caritre mattu kannaDa lipiya caritre - iveraDU bhinna bhinnavAdavugaLu; hAgAgi, kannaDadallU bhAShe mattu lipigaLa naDuve tumbA vyatyAsagaLive. I vyatyAsagaLannu sariyAgi grahisi koLLalu prayatnisadiruvudE varNamAleyennuva I pAThavannu bareda vidvAmsara mukhya dOShavAgide. kESirAjanU I tappannu mADiddanu, adannu kanDukoLLalArada avana himbAlakarellarU idannu mADu ttiddAre.

kannaDavannu bareyalu nAvindu baLasuttiruva lipi kannaDakkAgiyE siddhavAdudEnalla. aSOkana kAladalli baLakeyallidda brAhmI lipiyannu, illavE adakke tIra hattiravidda lipiyondannu namma pUrvikaru alpa svalpa badalAvaNegaLondige tamma bhAShegU aLavaDisikonDiddaru. I lipiya racanAkramadalli ivattigU viSESha badalAvaNeyEnU naDedilla. Adare, adara sanjYegaLalli mAtra halavu badalAvaNegaLAgive.

bhAratada lipigaLalli heccinavU I brAhmI lipiyindalE utpanna vAdavugaLAddarinda, telugu, malayALa, marAThi, gujarAti modalAda bhAShegaLu baLasuva lipigaLallella kannaDada lipiyantahadE racanAkrama tOribaruttide. I lipigaLoLagina vyatyAsagaLalli heccinavU avu baLasuva sanjYegaLa svarUpadalli naDedu banda badalAvaNegaLa phala.

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varNamAle mattu akSharamAle

I rIti, kannaDa bhASheya caritre adu baLasuva lipiya caritreginta tIra bhinnavAgideyAda kAraNa, adara ‘varNamAle’ mattu adu baLasuva lipiya ‘akSharamAle’ ivugaLoLage vyatyAsagaLiruvudu sahaja. bahaLa mandi vidvAmsaru kannaDadalli iveraDU ondE emba artha baruva hAge barediruttAre.

kannaDa lipiyalli oTTu hadinAlku svara sanjYegaLiveyAdare (kelavaru innU eraDannu sErisikoLLuttAre) kannaDa bhASheyalli oTTu a, A, i, I, u, U, e, E, o, mattu O emba hattu svara varNagaLu mAtra

ive. lipiyalli kANisuva x, khU, ay, mattu av emba uLida nAlku svara sanjYegaLannu nAvu vyanjanayukta svaragaLannAgi uccarisuvevAda kAraNa, avannu mElinavugaLinda bhinnavAda svaravarNagaLendu kareyuvu daralli arthavilla.

udAharaNegAgi ay mattu av emba eraDu svarasanjYegaLannu gamanisabahudu. uccAraNeyalli ivu ay mattu av emba sanjYAgucchagaLinda svalpavU bhinnavAgilla. yakAra mattu vakAragaLu kannaDadalli itara svaragaLoDaneyU (udA: ey, bay, iv ityAdi) baruttaveyAda kAraNa, avugaLalli ay mattu av‌gaLige mAtra ondu viSiShTavAda sthAnavannu kalpisikoTTu, avannu bareyalu ay mattu av emba bEreyE eraDu akSharagaLannu baLasuvudaralli yAva avcityavU illa.

hIgiddarU namma pUrvikaru tamma bhASheyannu bareyalu brAhmI lipiyannu baLasatoDagidAga, itara svarasanjYegaLondige iveraDannU ettikonDarembudu namma lipiyalli tOribaruva I eraDu anavaSyaka sanjYegaLige kAraNa.

itara eraDu svarasanjYegaLalli xkAravu kannaDada maTTigantU vyAkaraNa pustakagaLalli mAtravE kANasiguvantahadu. adakke kannaDa varNa mAleyalli yAva sthAnavU illa. kannaDa lipiya akShara mAleyallU adannu sErisikoLLuva avaSyakateyEnilla.

xkArada maTTige hELuvudAdare, adu uccAraNeyalli rakAra yukta svaravAgiyE baLakeyallide. I svara kelavaralli ikAravirabahudu, kelavaralli ukAravirabahudu, mattu innu kelavaralli viSiShTavAdondu ukAra (vivxtOShNa)vAgiyU irabahudu. I vayvidhyavannu tOrisuvudakkAgi, bahuSaH barahada maTTige adannondu viSiShTa akSharavendu parigaNisabahudu. Adare, adannondu heccina svaravarNa vembudAgi hELalu baruvudilla.

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vargIyagaLu mattu avargIyagaLu

vyanjanagaLannu vargIya mattu avargIyagaLemba eraDu gumpugaLAgi vingaDisuva samskxta vyAkaraNada paddhatiyannE kannaDa vyAkaraNagaLallU anusarisalAguttade. vargIyagaLannu kavarga, cavarga, Tavarga, tavarga, mattu pavargagaLendu oTTu aydu vargagaLAgi vingaDisuvudu krama. ondondu vargadallU aydaydu sanjYegaLiddu, vargIya vyanjanagaLa

oTTu sankhye ippattaydAguvudu. ya, ra, la, va, Sa, Sha, sa, ha, mattu LagaLu ombattu avargIyagaLenisuvuvu. anusvAra mattu visargagaLannu yOgavAhagaLemba mUraneya gumpinallirisuvudu rUDhi.

idu kannaDa lipiya vyanjana sanjYe(akShara)gaLa vivEcaneyAyitu. mEleyE hELidante, kannaDa bhASheya vyanjana varNagaLa sankhye adara lipiya akShara sankhyege sarihondabEkendEnU niyamavillavaShTe? kannaDa dalli mahAprANAkSharagaLa sthAnavEnembudara kuritu bahaLa carce naDedide. avu kannaDakke samskxtadinda eravalAgi banda padagaLalli mAtra prayuktavAguvuvembudu kelavara matavAdare, accakannaDa padagaLallU avugaLa prayOgavideyembudu innu kelavara mata.

Adare, mahAprANAkSharagaLu baruva padagaLa mUla kannaDavirali, samskxtavirali, avannuccarisuvAgalantU alpaprANAkSharagaLinda bhinnavAgi uccarisuva kannaDigaru kelavE kelavu mandi mAtra embudaralli samSaya villa. kannaDa varNamAle kannaDigara uccAraNeya mEle avalambisira bEku; hAgAgi, mahAprANagaLannu viSiShTa varNagaLendu parigaNisuva avaSyakateyillavendE hELabahudu.

i, i, Na, na, ma emba aydu anunAsikagaLalli modala mUru padamadhya sthAnadalli mAtravE prayuktavAguttave. adarallU jakAra mattu ikAragaLu savargIya vyanjanagaLeduru (endare jakAravu ka mattu ga embavugaLeduru mattu ikAravu ca mattu ja embavu gaLeduru) mAtra baruttave; hAgAgi, mattu A sthAnadalli uLida anunAsikagaLu baradE iruva kAraNa, averaDakkU viSiShTavAda varNa sthAnavannu kalpisabEkAgilla. Na, na, mattu ma embivu mUrE kannaDada anunAsika varNagaLu embudu idarinda siddhavAguttade.

avargIyagaLendu hELalAguva yakArAdigaLannu mElina aydu vargagaLoLageyE sErisi vargIyagaLannAgi parigaNisalu sAdhyavide. ShakAravannu heccinavarU SakAravAgiyE uccarisuttAre; hAgAgi, adakke varNasthAna koDabEkAgilla. hakAravannu kavargadallU, SakAra, yakAra gaLannu cavargadallU, LakAravannu TavargadallU, sakAra, lakAra mattu rakAragaLannu tavargadallU, vakAravannu pavargadallU avugaLa uccAraNeyannanusarisi sErisikoLLabahudu.

I lekkadante kannaDada kavargadalli mUru (ka, ga, ha), cavargadalli nAlku (ca, ja, Sa, ya), Tavargadalli nAlku (Ta, ja, Na, La), tavargadalli Aru (ta, da, na, sa, la, ra), mattu pavargadalli nAlku

(pa, ba, ma, va) embudAgi kannaDadalli oTTu ippattondu vyanjana varNagaLiveyendu siddhavAguttade.

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yOgavAhagaLu

anusvAra mattu visargagaLemba yOgavAhagaLeraDU kannaDakke tAnu eravalAgi paDakonDa lipiyoDane banda horegaLu mAtra. uccAraNe yalli anusvAravu makAra, nakAragaLiginta bhinnavAdudalla. visargakke padAntyadalli hakAravAgiyU, padamadhyadalli ottakSharavAgiyU uccA raNeyide. hAgAgi, iveraDakkU kannaDa varNamAleyalli sthaLavilla.

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varNagaLa uccAraNe

innu I varNagaLa uccAraNeyantahadu embudannu varNisuva rItiyU sAvira varShagaLaShTu hindinadE. I viShayadalli bhAShA vijYAnigaLu bahaLaShTu samSOdhanegaLannu naDesiddu, nUrAru hosa hosa viShayagaLu beLakige bandive. ivondU namma kannaDa vayyAkaraNigaLa gamanakke bandillavendu tOruttade. athavA bandarU avakkanuguNavAgi paThyavannu sudhArisabEkemba utsAha avaralli mUDilla. tAvu cikkandinalli Enu kalitiddevO adannE indina huDugarU uruhoDedu parIkSheyalli baredare sAku embudu avara ASayavirabahudu.

I vyAkaraNa pustakagaLalli kANisuva uccAraNeya varNanegU kannaDa bhASheya uccAraNegU naDuve yAva sambandhavU illavAdare adu varNane hEgAdItu? mattu adannu kaliyuvavarige Enu artha vAdItu? udAharaNegAgi, kavargada vyanjanagaLannu ‘ganTali’nalli uccarisuva kAraNa avu kanThagaLendu heccina vyAkaraNagaLallU baredide. nijakkU nAvivannu ganTalinalli uccarisuttEveyO? ka ennuvAga nAlageya himbhAga mElakke ubbi nAlageya mElbAgadalliruva anguLu (mxdutAlu)vannu muTTuvudallade ganTalalli entaha uccA raNeyU naDeyuvudilla.

idE rItiyalli, Tavargada vyanjanagaLannu uccarisuvAga, nAligeya tudi hindakke maDacikoLLuvudE atyanta mukhyavAda kArya. idannu vivarisihELuva badalu avu mUrdhanyagaLu, bAyiya mElbAgadalli utpannavAguttave endu baredare avugaLa viSiShTavAda uccAraNe vidyArthigaLige hEge gottAdItu?

kannaDa varNagaLa uccAraNeyannu vivaravAgi varNisahoraTare ondu doDDa pustakavannE bareyabahudu. intaha pustakadalli barabahu dAda viShayagaLalli yAvuvannu kannaDa vyAkaraNada modalaneya pATha dalli sErisikoLLabEku, mattu yAvuvannu biDabEku embudu ondu praSne. idannu paThyapustakagaLannu rUpisuva vidvAmsarE nirdharisabEku. Adare, ivattina vyAkaraNa pustakagaLalli intaha pustakadalli kANisadE iruvantaha arthavillada ‘varNane’gaLE jAsti kANisuttave; hAgAgi, avu Enannu varNisuttaveyembudU vidyArthigaLige (mattu adhyApaka rige) gottAgalAradu.

varNamAle mattu akSharamAlegaLoLage kannaDadalli iShTellA vyatyAsa gaLiddarU, avannu svalpavU parigaNisadiruvudarindAgi, namma SAlA vyAkaraNagaLu vidyArthigaLige bariya talenOvAgiyE uLidive. vastu sthitiyannu arthavAguvante varNisahoraTalli mAtra avu vidyArthi gaLalli kutUhalavannu keraLisaballuvu.

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೨.೫ kannaDa vyAkaraNadalli samskxtada devva

kESirAjana SabdamaNidarpaNadinda suruvAgi ivattina SAlAvyAkaraNagaLa varege, kannaDadavendenisikoLLuva vyAkaraNagaLallella saNNa doDDa samskxta devvagaLanEka tumbikonDive. I devvagaLa kATadindAgi, kannaDa bhAShe yalli eShTE badalAvaNeyAdarU adara ‘vyAkaraNa’ mAtra banDegallina hAge acalavAgi nintukonDide. bhASheyalli iruvudondu, adara vyAkaraNa hELuvudinnondu emba I paristhitiyindAgi, vyAkaraNavannu kaliyuva vidyArthigaLalli gondalavallade bErEnU mUDuttilla.

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bhASheyallillada bhaviShyattu

bhUta, vartamAna mattu bhaviShyat embudAgi kannaDada kriyApadagaLalli mUru kAlabhEdagaLiveyendu namma SAlAvyAkaraNagaLella sAri hELu tive. avugaLa varNaneya prakAra, bandanu embudu bhUtarUpa, baruttAne embudu vartamAna rUpa, mattu baruvanu embudu bhaviShyat rUpa. Adare nijakkU kannaDadalli I mUru kriyArUpa gaLannu nAvu I mUru arthagaLalli baLasuttiruvevEnu?

kannaDa vyAkaraNagaLalli samskxtada devva

kannaDada Adhunika prayOgagaLannu parIkShisi nODidalli ondu kutUhalajanakavAda amSa gamanakke bandItu. karNATakada dakShiNa bhAgada lEkhakaru baruttAne emba rUpavannE vartamAna mattu bhaviShya darthagaLeraDarallU baLasuttAre. baruvanu emba rUpa avara baraha gaLalli kANisuvudE illa. uttaradavara kelavu lEkhanagaLalli baruvanu emba rUpa kANisuvudAdarU adakke bhaviShyadarthadondige vartamA nArthavU ide. antU bhASheya maTTige hELuvudAdare, barahada kannaDadalli bhUta mattu itara emba eraDE eraDu kAlabhEdagaLu mAtra kanDubaruttave. SAlA vyAkaraNagaLalli mAtra kAlabhEdagaLu mUru.

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sAmAnyArtha mattu niScitArtha

hIge prayOgadalli illadE iruva kAlabhEdavannu kriyArUpagaLa mEle hErida namma vayyAkaraNigaLu iru emba ondu kriyApadadalli mAtra bahaLa spaShTavAgiyE tOribaruva kAlabhEdavannu gamanisi dantilla. kannaDadalli iddAne mattu iruttAne emba I eraDu rUpa gaLige eraDu bhinna bhinnavAda arthagaLive. maneyalli iruttAne endare ‘sAmAnyavAgi iruttAne, Iga iddAnO illavO tiLiyadu’ emba arthavAdare, maneyalli iddAne endare, ‘niScitavAgiyU iddAne’ emba artha baruttade.

hIge sAmAnya mattu niScitagaLemba eraDu arthagaLannu koDuva rUpabhEda iru emba ondu dhAtuvinalli mAtra tOribaru ttade. heccina vayyAkaraNigaLU I eraDu rUpagaLige ondE arthavide yemba hAge barediddAre.

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vyatyAsagaLa mUla

nAvu upayOgisuva bhAShegU adannu varNisalendu horaTa vyAkaraNagaLigU naDuve intaha halavAru vyatyAsagaLu kanDu baruttive. kannaDa bhASheya svarUpavEnembudannu tiLiyalu nAvu yAva rItiya prayatnavannU mADuttillavembudE I vyatyAsagaLigella mUla kAraNa vAgide. pANiniyE modalAda vidvAmsara satata prayatnadindAgi samskxta bhASheyannu spaShTavAgi varNisuva granthagaLu halavu siddha vAduvu. samskxta bhAShegU kannaDa bhAShegU naDuve bahaLa vyatyAsa videyAda kAraNa, samskxta vyAkaraNavannu hAgeyE kannaDakke aLavaDisi

koLLalu sAdhyavAgadu. hAge mADalu yatnisuttiruvudarindalE namma vyAkaraNagaLu iShTondu hIna sthitiyallive.

samskxta vyAkaraNagaLu samskxta bhASheyannu varNisalu yatnisuva hAge, kannaDa vyAkaraNagaLu kannaDa bhASheyannu varNisalu yatnisabEku. kannaDada padagaLannu nAvu hEge uccarisuttEve, pratyayagaLa mUlaka avannu nAvu hEge sAdhisuttEve, avannu ondakkondu sErisidAga entaha badalAvaNegaLella taledOruttave, kannaDada vAkyagaLannu racisalu I padagaLannella yAva yAva rItiyalli pONisikoLLabEku - intaha halavAru kutUhalakArakavAda praSnegaLige kannaDada vyAkaraNa nEravAda uttaragaLannu koDalu yatnisabEku.

I uttaragaLannu SAlA vidyArthigaLige arthavAguvante bareya bEku mAtravalla, SAlA vidyArthigaLu tamma mAtinalli illavE baraha gaLalli baLasuva dhvanigaLa, padagaLa mattu vAkyagaLa racaneyannu mAtravE udAharaNegaLannAgi baLasi I vyAkaraNa niyamagaLannu paThya pustakagaLu varNisabEku.

hIge iruvudannu iruvante varNisatoDagidalli vyAkaraNavu vidyArthigaLa kutUhalavannu keraLisabahudu mAtravalla, munde doDDava rAda mEle I vidyArthigaLE kannaDa bhASheya kuritu hosa hosa sangatigaLannu kanDuhiDiyuvante prErEpaNeyannU koDaballudu. vastusthitiyinda dUravAgi uLiyuvudarindalE namma vyAkaraNavindu bariya SuShka viShayavAgi yArallU kutUhalavannu keraLisalu samartha vAgade uLidide.

ondu bhASheya svarUpavannu citrisuva vyAkaraNa A bhAShe badalAdantella badalAgutta hOgabEku, mattu A bhASheya kuritu hosa hosa amSagaLu gamanakke bandantella adarallU mArpATu gaLAguttirabEku. hIge jIvakaLeyannu tumbuvallivaregU namma bhASheya vyAkaraNa niShprayOjakavAgiyE uLidItu.

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SAlA vyAkaraNagaLa mukhya dOSha

namma SAlA vyAkaraNagaLa mukhya dOShavEnendare, avu hosagannaDada svarUpavEnembudannu spaShTavAgi tiLisalu yatnisuva badalu, kESirAja, pANini modalAdavaru carcisida atI kliShTavAda mattu hosagannaDakke svalpavU sambandhisadantaha nUrAru viShayagaLannu vidyArthigaLa tale yoLage tumbalu yatnisuttave.

samskxta bhAShege sambandhisidantaha guNa, vxddhi, Sutva, ShTutva, jaStva modalAda sandhikAryagaLannu hELikoDuva I vyAkaraNagaLige kannaDada udAharaNegaLu siguvudu asambhavavE. hAgAgi, enTanE taragatige siddhavAda vyAkaraNagaLalli hUvilla, ammaya, ShaDUrmi modalAda, kannaDada maTTige tIra vicitravAgi kANisuva, padagaLa prayOga kANasiguttade. ivannella parIkShegAgi bAyipATha mADa bEkAgiruva vidyArthigaLige vyAkaraNavembudondu vicitravAda viShaya vendu anisidare tappEnu?

hAgAgi, SAlA vyAkaraNagaLannu bareyuvavaru mattu avarige mArgadarSana mADuva paThyapustaka samitiyavaru I vyAkaraNagaLannu bareyuvudara mattu kalisuvudara uddESavEnembudannu modaligEnE nirdharisikoLLabEku. tamma tAyinuDiya svarUpavEnembudannu tiLidu koLLalu, mattu A bhASheyalli barahada mUlaka tamma manassinalliruva viShayavannu itararige sariyAgi arthavAguva hAge tiLisalu hAgU itararu baredudannu sariyAgi arthamADikoLLalu vidyArthigaLige vyAkaraNavannu kalisuva avaSyakateyide. avaru yAva rItiya baraha vannu baLasuttiddAre mattu baLasabEkAgide embudara mEle I vyAkaraNada racane avalambisirabEku.

hosagannaDada vyAkaraNadalli hosagannaDada vicAragaLannu mAtravE vivarisabEku. samskxtada illavE haLegannaDada vicAragaLannU makkaLige tiLisi hELuvudarinda prayOjanavEnAdarU ideyendu I vidvAmsara matavAdare, A viShayagaLigAgi bEreyE pustakavannu bareyuvudu uttama. ivellavannu hosagannaDa vyAkaraNadallE sErisuvudarinda vidyArthigaLa manassinalli gondalavallade bErEnU mUDalAradu.

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೨.೬ samskxtada samAsagaLu kannaDadalli

iveyE?

paThya pustaka samitiya AdESada mErege hayskUlu vidyArthigaLige kannaDa vyAkaraNavannu kalisalu siddhavAgiruva paThya pustakagaLalli ‘samAsagaLu’ emba vibhAgavondide. idaralli prAmukhyavAgi tatpuruSha, karma dhAraya, dvigu, bahuvrIhi, avyayIbhAva mattu dvandva emba Aru samskxta samAsagaLannU gamaka hAgU kriyAsamAsagaLemba eraDu

heccina ‘kannaDa’ samAsagaLannU paricayisuvudu rUDhi. kannaDa vyAkaraNa gaLalli samAsagaLannu paricayisuva I krama hadimUranE SatamAna dallidda kESirAjana kAladindalU baLakeyallide.

Adare, kannaDa vyAkaraNadalli I rIti samskxta samAsagaLannu kalisuva avaSyakateyideyE, mattu hAge kalisuvudarinda vidyArthigaLige prayOjanavEnAdarU sigabahudE, athavA idakke badalAgi adu avaralli gondalavannEnAdarU unTumADabahudE embudannu yArU vivEcisidantilla.

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vyAkaraNada uddESa

kannaDadalli baruva padagaLa mattu vAkyagaLa racaneyentahadembudannu tiLisihELuvudE kannaDa vyAkaraNada mukhya uddESavAgirabEku. samskxta padagaLa mattu vAkyagaLa racane kannaDadavakkinta tIra bhinnavAgiruva kAraNa, kannaDa vyAkaraNadalli avannU vivarisahOdare A vyAkaraNa anavaSyakavAgi bahaLa kliShTavAdItu. samskxta bahaLa mukhyavAda bhAShe, atyuttamavAda kAvya mattu SAstra granthagaLu adarallive, mattu adannu nAvu ‘dEva bhAShe’yendu parigaNisuttEve embudellavU nijavAdarU kannaDa padagaLa mattu vAkyagaLa racaneyannu ariyabEkendiruvavarige samskxta padagaLa mattu vAkyagaLa racaneyannu tiLisahOguvudu tIrA anavaSyaka.

nimma manege hOgalu dAri kELidavarige nimmUrina dEva sthAnada dAri hELidirAdare, adU nimma mane dEvasthAnakkinta bEreyE ondu dikkinallideyAdare, hEge tondareyunTAgabahudO, hAgeyE kannaDa vyAkaraNadalli samskxta vyAkaraNada amSagaLannu sErisuvudarinda vidyArthigaLige tondareyAgadiradu.

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samAsavendarEnu?

samAsa embudu eraDu padagaLu oTTu sEri ondE padavAgiruvantaha kelavu viSiShTavAda padagaLa (endare samastapadagaLa) racaneyentahadu embudannu tiLisuva ondu vyAkaraNa SAstra vibhAga. intaha samasta padagaLu kannaDadallU ive, samskxtadallU ive; hindi, ingliSh, marAThi modalAda bEre bhAShegaLallU ive. intaha padagaLillada bhAShegaLU kelavive. I padagaLa racane bEre bEre bhAShegaLalli bEre bEre teranAgide.

kannaDadalli baruva samastapadagaLa racaneyannu tiLisi hELalu hEge hindi, ingliSh, marAThi modalAdavugaLalli baruva samasta padagaLa racaneyannu tiLisuva avaSyakateyillavO, hAgeyE adakke samskxtadalli baruva samastapadagaLa racaneyannu tiLisuvudU avaSyavilla.

namma paThyapustaka samitiyavarAgalI, vyAkaraNa pustakagaLannu bare yuva vidvAmsarAgalI I viShayavannu gamanisida hAge kANisuvu dilla. samskxtakkU kannaDakkU naDuve samastapadagaLa racaneyalli halavu mukhyavAda vyatyAsagaLive. samskxtadinda eravalAgi banda padagaLigU kannaDadalli kannaDadavE Ada racanA niyamagaLu anvayisuttave. hAgAgi, antaha samastapadagaLannu varNisuvallU samskxta samAsagaLannu baLasuva avaSyakateyilla.

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kelavu mukhya vyatyAsagaLu

samskxta mattu kannaDa bhAShegaLa naDuviruva ondu atyanta mukhyavAda vyatyAsavEnendare, samskxtadalli nAmapada mattu kriyApadagaLemba eraDu rItiya padagaLu mAtra ive (avyayagaLemba mUranE rItiya padagaLiveyAdarU ivannu nAmapadagaLendE parigaNisuvudu rUDhi). Adare kannaDadalli nAmapada, kriyApada mattu guNavAcaka pada embu dAgi mUru bageya padagaLive.

samskxtadalli nAmapadagaLondige guNavAcaka padagaLannu viSEShaNa gaLannAgi baLasuvAga, nAmapadagaLa hAge avakkU vibhakti pratyayagaLannu sErisuva avaSyakateyide. kannaDadalli idu avaSyavilla. samskxtada kxShNEna sarpaNa embudu kannaDadalli kappu hAvininda endAgutta dallade, kappininda hAvininda endAguvudilla.

idE rItiyalli sarvanAma, kxdanta modalAdavugaLU nAmapada gaLondige viSEShaNagaLAgi baruvAga avugaLige samskxtadalli nAmapada gaLa hAgeyE vibhaktipratyayagaLannu sErisabEkAguttade, Adare kannaDadalli idu avaSyavilla. mxtEna sarpaNa - satta hAvininda, tasya bAlakasya - A huDugana modalAda prayOgagaLalli I vyatyAsavannu kANabahudu.

samskxtadalli nAmapadagaLondige viSEShaNagaLAgi baruva guNa padagaLu vibhaktipratyayavillade bandAga (udA: kxShNa sarpaNa, mxtasarpaNa) avugaLalli vibhakti pratyaya lOpavAgi samastapada vAgideyendu hELuttAre. hAge hELuvudu samanjasavU havdu. Adare

kannaDadallU idE rItiyalli kappu hAvannu, satta hAvige embantaha prayOgagaLalli vibhakti pratyayada lOpavAgideyendu hELidare adu sariyAgalAradu.

yAkendare, kannaDada nAmapadagaLondige viSEShaNagaLAgi baruva guNapadagaLu illavE kxdantagaLu samskxtada hAge vibhakti pratyaya gaLondige baruvudilla. hAgAgi, alli vibhaktilOpada praSneyE ELuvu dilla. hIgiddarU kUDa, kannaDada vyAkaraNagaLallella bisigALi, A huDuga, satta hAvu modalAdavugaLalli samAsavAgideyendU, avu karmadhAraya, gamaka modalAda samAsagaLige udAharaNegaLendU bareyalAgide. samskxta vyAkaraNadinda samAsagaLannu hAgeyE kannaDa vyAkaraNakke tandu sErisiruvudE I rIti namma vayyAkaraNigaLu tappu mADalu mukhya kAraNa.

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linga mattu vibhakti pratyayagaLu

samskxtakkU kannaDakkU naDuviruva innondu mukhyavAda vyatyAsa vEnendare, samskxtadalli baruva nAmapadagaLa lingavEnembudannu avakke entaha vibhaktipratyaya sEruttade embudara mEle tiLidukoLLa bEkAgu ttade. nijakkU samskxtada vibhakti pratyayagaLu nAmapadada linga, vacana, mattu vibhakti I mUrannU oTTAgi sUcisuttave.

udAharaNegAgi, samskxtadalli nxpa ‘arasu’, vxkSha ‘mara’, anila ‘gALi’ modalAdavugaLu pullingadallU, janani ‘tAyi’, mAlA ‘mAle’, AjYA ‘AjYe’ modalAdavu strIlingadallU, kalatra ‘henDati’, brahma ‘paramAtma’ udaka ‘nIru’ modalAdavu napumsaka lingadallU ive. bariya arthadinda I padagaLa lingavEnembudannu tiLiyalu sAdhyavAgadu.

kannaDadalli baruva nAmapadagaLa linga idakkinta tIra bhinnavAdudu. adu avugaLa arthavannavalambiside. idallade, kannaDada vibhakti pratyaya gaLu vibhaktiyannu mAtra sUcisuttave, vacana mattu lingagaLannu sUcisalu kannaDadalli aycchikavAgiruva bEreyE pratyayagaLive.

I kAraNakkAgi, samskxtadalli baruva bahuvrIhi samAsakkU kannaDa dalli baruva bahuvrIhi samAsakkU naDuve vyatyAsavide. samastapadada angagaLAgi bandiruva padagaLalli yAvudAdarU ondu adara kEndra binduvAgiruva badalu, adara horagiruva ondu pada kEndra bindu vAgideyAdare adannu bahuvrIhiyendu kareyuvudu rUDhi.

udAharaNegAgi, samskxtada pItAmbaraH ‘haLadi baTTeyannuTTavanu’ emba padadalli pIta ‘haLadi’ mattu ambara ‘baTTe’ emba eraDu pada gaLu angagaLAgi bandive. Adare, I padada kEndra bindu I eraDu angagaLalli ondara mElU bILade adara horagiruva ‘uTTavanu’ embarthada padada mEle bILuttade. hAgAgi, adannu bahuvrIhi yendu kareyabahudu.

illi gamanisabEkAda amSavEnendare, pItAmbaraH emba padada koneyalli baruva visarga A padada vibhaktiyannu sUcisuttideyallade adu A padada angavalla.

kannaDa vyAkaraNagaLalli bahuvrIhi samAsakke haNegaNNa, calavAdi modalAda padagaLannu udAharaNegaLannAgi koDuvudu rUDhi. ivu samskxtada bahuvrIhi samAsaviruva padagaLannu hOluttiruvudE idakke kAraNa. Adare, I padagaLa koneyalli baruva a illavE i emba pratyayagaLu vibhakti pratyayagaLalla. avu A padagaLa angagaLE.

kannaDada maTTige hELuvudAdare, haNegaNNa emba padadalli haNe mattu kaNNa ‘kaNNuLLavanu’ emba eraDu padagaLu sErive. hAgAgi, adaralli eraDaneya angavAgiruva pada (kaNNa embudu) pradhAna padavAgideyallade horagiruva padavondu pradhAna padavAgilla. hAgAgi adu tatpuruSha samAsakke udAharaNeyallade bahuvrIhigalla.

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kannaDada bahuvrIhi

samskxtadalli avyayIbhAvavemba samAsavondide. idarinda sidda vAguva padagaLu avyaya (kriyAviSEShaNa)gaLAgiddu, avugaLa kEndra bindu modalaneya angada mEle bILuttade. udAharaNegAgi, upa kxShNam ‘kxShNana hattira’ embudu samskxtadalli ondu avyayavAgiddu, adara kEndra bindu upa emba modalaneya angada mEle bILuttade.

avyayIbhAva samAsakke kannaDadalli kannaDa vyAkaraNagaLu koDuva udAharaNegaLu hingAlu, mundale, modalAdavugaLu. Adare ivu kannaDadalli nAmapadagaLAgiveyallade avyaya illavE kriyAviSEShaNa gaLAgilla. idallade, hingAlu emba pada kAlina himbhAgavannu sUcisu tiddu, adara kEndra bindu hinde mattu kAlu emba adara eraDu angagaLalli yAvudara mElU bILade, A padada horagiruva bhAga emba padada mEle bILuttade. hAgAgi nijakkU idu bahuvrIhige udAharaNeyAgaballudallade avyayIbhAvakke udAharaNeyAgalAradu.

kelavaru I samAsavannu ‘amSi’ endare ondu vastuvina amSavannu tiLisuvavu embudAgi bEre hesarininda karediddAre. Adare, ammaniginta cikkavaLAgiruva obba hengasannu (endare avaLa tangiyannu) sUcisuva cikkamma embantaha bEre kelavu padagaLU intahavE Agiddu avannu amSiyendu kareyalu baruvudilla. ivellavU kannaDadalli bahuvrIhige udAharaNegaLAgaballuvu.

kelavu vyAkaraNagaLalli keLaduTi emba padadallU amSi samAsavide endiddAre, mattu ‘tuTiya keLagu’ embudAgi adakke vigrahavAkya koTTiddAre. Adare nijakkU keLaduTi embudu keLagina tuTiyannu sUcisuttiddu, karmadhArayakke udAharaNeyAgaballudallade amSigalla.

hayskUlu vidyArthigaLigAgi racitavAgiruva kannaDa vyAkaraNa emba paThyapustakada ‘samAsagaLu’ emba ondu cikka vibhAgadalli intaha innU halavAru asAngatyagaLu mattu tappugaLive. samskxta vyAkaraNavannu hAgeyE kannaDakke anvayisalu horaTiruvudE I tappugaLige mukhya kAraNa. intaha halavAru tappugaLinda tumbi tuLukuttiruva I vyAkaraNa vibhAgavannu kaliyabEkAgiruva vidyArthigaLige adu talenOvannallade bEre EnannU odagisalAradu.

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೨.೭ kannaDada makkaLige ingliSh pATha

aydAru varSha SAlegaLalli kalitarU namma vidyArthigaLige A bhASheyalli ondE ondu vAkyavannU sariyAgi racisalu sAdhyavAguttillavemba dUru kELibaruttide. Adare idakke vidyArthigaLa aSraddhegintalU avarige ingliSh kalisahoraTa namma ajYAna mattu aSraddhegaLu mUlakAraNa vembudannu mAtra yArU gamanisidantilla.

inglenDinalli ingliSh bhASheyalli sarAgavAgi mAtanADalu baruva huDugarige A bhASheya barahavannu kalisuvudakkAgi tayArAgiruva paThya pustakada pratirUpavannE nAvilli A bhASheya hesarannE kELirada makkaLige bhAShe mattu baraha iveraDannU kalisuvudakkAgi baLasuttiddEve. I pustakavannirisikonDu klAsinalli avarige akShara hELikoDuttEve, mattu spelling kalisuttEve, Adare bhASheyannu mAtra kalisuttilla. hIgellA iddarU avaru alpasvalpa ingliSh kalitukoLLuttAralla, adu nijakkU namma bhAgyavendE hELabEku.

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bhAShe kaliyade Odu kaliyuvudu

I paThyapustakagaLannu racisiruva vidvAmsarige bhAShe mattu barahagaLa naDuviruva sambandhavE tiLidantilla. barahavu nijakkU ondu bhAShe yannu pratinidhisuva sanjYAvidhAna mAtra. namage tiLiyadiruva bhASheyannu modalu kalitukoLLade, adara barahavannu kaliyuvudu tumbA kaShTa.

bhASheyannu kaliyuvudendare adaralli ADidudannu kELi arthamADi koLLalu kaliyuvudu, mattu itararige arthavAguvante adaralli ADalu kaliyuvudu. iveraDu cAturyagaLannu kayvaSa mADikonDa mElEnE A bhASheyalli bareyuva illavE Oduva cAturyagaLannu dorakisikoLLalu sAdhyavide.

namage tiLidiruva hosa bhASheyondannu hIge ADalu mattu kELalu kaliyadEnE nEravAgi adaralli bareda pustakagaLannu Odi artha mADikoLLalu bahaLa mandi prayatnisuttArEnO nija. intaha janaralli kelavaru I prayatnadalli alpa svalpa jayavannU gaLisuttAre.

Adare, intahavaru A bhASheyalli Oduva krama mAtra atyanta kliShTavAdudu. pustakadalli baruva vAkyagaLannu nEravAgi arthamADi koLLuva badalu, ivaru pratiyondu padavannU bEre bEreyAgi tamma mAtxbhASheyalli bhAShAntarisutta biDibiDiyAgi OduttAre. hIge Oduvudaralli eraDu mukhyavAda tondaregaLive.

I rItiya Oduvike atyanta nidhAnavAgi sAguvudembudu intaha tondaregaLalli modalinadu. ondu puTavannu OdalEnE intaha Odugarige bahaLaShTu samaya hiDidItu. eraDaneyadAgi, pratiyondu padavannU bEre bErAgi bhAShAntarisi OduvAga, vAkyada nijavAda artha ivara kayge siguvudilla.

idallade, ondu bhASheyalli baruva padagaLige samarpakavAgi hondikeyAguva padagaLu innondu bhASheyalli siguvudu bahaLa aparUpa. sannivESakkanusAravAgi padagaLa artha bahaLaShTu vyatyAsa goLLuttade; hAgAgi, arthakOSagaLalli koTTiruva vivaraNegaLa sahAya dinda vAkyadalli baruva padagaLa artha hELuvudu tumbA kaShTa.

I ellA kAraNagaLindAgi, intaha Oduvikeya mUlaka prayatnakke takka pratiphala endigU sigalAradu.

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bhASheya mUru amSagaLu

nijakkU ondu hosa bhASheyannu kaliyabEkendiruvavaru adara mUru mukhyavAda amSagaLannu kayvaSa mADikoLLalu prayatnisabEku. A bhAShe yalli baLasuva dhvanigaLu, adara padarASi, mattu I padagaLannu vAkya gaLAgi jODisuva krama - endare A bhASheya vyAkaraNa - ivu bhASheyondara mUru mukhya amSagaLAgive.

ivugaLalli padarASiyembudu bhASheyalliruva atyanta vistAravAda amSa. eShTE abhyAsa mADirali, ondu bhASheya padarASiyannu tAnu sampUrNavAgi kayvaSa mADikonDiruvenendu yArU edetaTTi hELa lAraru. obbana adhInadalliruva padarASiya vistAra Atana anubhava vannu hondikonDu heccu kaDimeyAgiruttade. yAvudE ondu viShaya dalli obbana anubhava jAstiyAdantella A viShayakke sambandhisida pada gaLa mEle Atana hiDita bhadravAguttade.

manuShyanu sAvirAru bEre bEre rItiya dhvanigaLannu uccarisaballa nAdarU avana bhASheyu I dhvanigaLalli nUrinnUrannu mAtra baLasi koLLuttade. hIge baLasikoLLuva dhvanigaLu bhASheyinda bhAShege bhinna vAgiruttave; hAgAgi, hosa bhASheyondannu kaliyabEkendiruvavaru hosa hosa dhvanigaLannU uccarisalu kaliyabEkAguttade. mAtannu kELi arthamADikoLLuvalli dhvaniyE mukhyadvAravAgiruvudarinda, hosa bhASheyondannu kaliyuvalli A bhASheyu baLasuva vividha dhvanigaLannu kELi, uccarisi, avugaLa naDuviruva vyatyAsagaLannu grahisikoLLalu abhyAsa mADuvudE modalina pAThavAgirabEku.

vyAkaraNavannu kaliyade bhAShe baralAradembudannu ellarU ballaru. Adare, I kaliyuvike hEge sAgabEkembudannu mAtra heccinavarU arthamADikonDantilla. vyAkaraNada niyamagaLannu bAyipATha mADi koLLuvudarinda mAtravE bhASheyannu kaliyabEkendiruvavarige yAva prayOjanavU sigalAradu. A niyamagaLu avara manassinalli nelenintu, avugaLa prayOga yAntrikavAdarEnE avu avara kayvaSavAdante. hAgAgi, vyAkaraNa niyamagaLannu nEravAgi kaliyuvudakkintalU avannu baLasuvudara mUlaka siddhavAda vAkyagaLannu manana mADuvudE atyuttamavAda mArgavembudaralli sandEhavilla.

hAgAgi, bhASheyondannu kaliyuvavaru adara vyAkaraNa niyama gaLannu nEravAgi kaliyuva avaSyakateyilla. Adare bhASheyannu itararige

kalisuvudakkAgi paThyapustakagaLannu racisahoraTavarige I niyamagaLella avaSyavAgi tiLidirabEku.

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ingliSh pAThakramada dOShagaLu

namma ingliSh pAThakramada dOShagaLAvuvembudu I mElina carce yinda spaShTavAgi gOcarisuttade. ingliSh klAsige baruva makkaLige ondu bhAShe (kannaDa) AgalE tiLidiruttade. avaru ingliSh emba hosa dondu bhASheyannE kaliyabEkAgide, bariya ingliSh barahavannalla. I bhASheyalli baruva dhvanigaLigU kannaDadalli baruva dhvanigaLigU naDuve halavAru vyatyAsagaLive. hAgAgi, modalige I hosa dhvanigaLannu makkaLige tiLisikoDuva prayatna mADabEku. cikka cikka vAkyagaLannu ADalu mattu kELi arthamADikoLLalu kalisabEku. idakke ingliSh akSharada jYAna bEkAgilla.

dhvanigaLannu kalisuvudarondige ingliSh‌na vAkyaracaneya krama gaLannU kalisabahudu. idakke avaSyabILuva kelavE kelavu padagaLannu mAtra baLasikonDu avugaLa sahAyadinda bEre bEre rItiya vAkya gaLannu racisuva kramavannu tiLisabEku. pAThagaLu munduvaridante ivugaLalli baruva padagaLa sankhyeyU mella mellane jAstiyAguttira bEku. I pAThagaLellavU bAyiyindalE naDeyabEku. spelling samasye yindAgi ingliSh‌na barahada krama bahaLaShTu kliShTavAgide. hAgAgi, onderaDu varShagaLa bhAShAbhyAsavAda mElEnE makkaLige ingliSh barahada SikShaNavannu koDisabEku.

bhAShe mattu barahagaLu bhinna bhinnavAdavugaLu. hosadondu bhAShe yannu kalisuvAga iveraDannu bErpaDisuvudu avaSyavemba I viShaya vannu heccina SikShaNatajYarU managanDantilla. bhASheyondannu sariyAgi ADalu kaliyuva modalE adannu Odalu illavE bareyalu prayatnisuvudendare bhadravAda aDipAyavillade mALige maneyannu kaTTalu horaTante.

ivattina SAlegaLalli baLakeyalliruva ingliSh pAThakramada mukhya vAda korateyE idu. I korateyannu nIgisadiruvudarindAgi, namma makkaLu kaliyuvudaralli hinde bILuttiddAre mAtravalla, avara kaliyuva samayavU bahaLaShTu vyarthavAguttide.

bhASheyannu kaliyuvudaralli padagaLa abhyAsakkintalU dhvani mattu vyAkaraNagaLa abhyAsa heccu mukhyavAdudu, mattu mUlabhUta

vAdudu embudannu mareyabAradu. bariya padagaLannu mAtravE kaliyuva mUlaka mAtugaLannu ADalu illavE arthamADikoLLalu sAdhyavAgadu. mEleyE hELiruvante, padagaLa kaliyuvikege koneyE illa. adu nirantaravAgi sAguttiruva kelasa. dhvani mattu vyAkaraNa niyamagaLannu mAtra heccu kaDime sampUrNavAgi kalitu mugisalu sAdhyavide. iveraDu amSagaLalli vidyArthigaLu pariNatarAguvante mADu vudE ingliSh klAsina mukhya uddESavAgirabEku.

hindi, samskxta modalAda itara bhAShegaLannu kalisuva klAsugaLU namma SAlegaLalli idE rIti dikku tappiveyAddarinda vidyArthigaLu allU bahaLaShTu tamma amUlyavAda samayavannu hALumADabEkA gide.

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೨.೮ bhASheya kalikege vyAkaraNada neravu

kannaDadalli ivattu vyAkaraNada kuritAgi eraDu bageya samSOdhanegaLu oTToTTige naDeyabEkAgide: nijakkU kannaDada vyAkaraNa entahadu embudannu tiLidukoLLuva samSOdhane ondu bageyadu; mattu I tiLivannu hEge bEre kelasagaLannu naDesuvalli baLasaballevu embudannu kanDuhiDiyuva samSOdhane innondu bageyadu.

kannaDadalli entaha padagaLella baLakeyAguttive, avugaLa oLaracane entahadu, avannu jODisi bage bageya vAkyagaLannu unTumADuva bage hEge, vAkyagaLannu baLasi lEkhanagaLannu mattu pustakagaLannu bareyuva bage hEge embudannu tiLidukoLLuvudE vyAkaraNada mUla guriyAgide.

I tiLivu namage halavu bagegaLalli neravige baraballudu. udA haraNegAgi, kAnUnugaLannu illavE oppandagaLannu bareyuvavaru tAvu baLasuva vAkyagaLige eraDu illavE heccu huruLugaLu (ippuruLu) bAradiruvante nODikoLLabEkAguttade. illavAdare, avu halavu bageya jagaLagaLige kAraNavAgaballuvu. tamma barahadalli ippuruLu nusuLadante nODikoLLabEkiddalli, entaha vAkyagaLige ippuruLu bara balludu, mattu adu bArada hAge vAkyagaLannu badalAyisikoLLuvudu hEge embudannu tiLidirabEkAguttade. I tiLivannu paDeyuvalli vyAkaraNada tiLivu neravige baraballudu.

cikka makkaLigAgi, illavE sAmAnya janarigAgi tiLivina barahagaLannu bareyuvavaru tamma manassinalliruva viShayavannu avarige sulabhavAgi gottAguva hAge bareyuvudu hEge embudannu tiLidirabEku. illa vAdare, ivattu kannaDadalli barediruva paThyapustakagaLa hAge, avannu Odi tiLidukoLLuvudu tumbA toDakina kelasavAgaballudu. entaha vAkya gaLu cikka makkaLige illavE sAmAnya Odugarige toDakinavAguttave embudannu tiLidukoLLuvalli, mattu avu tamma barahadalli bArada hAge nODikoLLuvalli vyAkaraNada tiLivu neravige baraballudu.

ellakkintalU mukyavAgi, kannaDadalli Odalu mattu bareyalu kaliyabEkendiruvavarige, mattu ingliSh‌nantaha bEre bhASheyondannu kaliyabEkendiruvavarige kannaDada vyAkaraNa tumbA neravannu nIDa balludu. I koneya viShayavannu mAtra I lEkhanadalli pariSIlisa lAgide.

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Odu-barahada kalike

hosadAgi SAlege sEruva makkaLige tamma ADunuDiyalli (kannaDadalli) mAtanADalu cannAgi tiLidiruttade. SAleyalli avaru modalige mADa bEkAgiruva kelasavEnendare, tamma ADunuDiginta svalpa maTTige bErA giruva ellara kannaDadalli (endare karnATakada ellA SAlegaLallU heccu kaDime ondE rUpadalliruva kannaDadalli) mAtanADalu kaliyuvudu, mattu adarallEnE Odalu mattu bareyalu kaliyuvudu.

mAtanADuvudu hEge embudu makkaLige gottide; hAgAgi, ellara kannaDadalli mAtanADuvudendare, kannaDada ondu rUpada badalu innondu rUpavannu mAtinalli baLasalu kaliyuvudu. idannu avaru heccu tondareyillade naDesaballaru.

Adare hIge kaliyuttiruvAga, avaru maneyalli baLasuva ADugannaDa tappu tappAdudu mattu SAleyalli baLasuva ellara kannaDavE sari yAdudu emba tappu anisike avaralli mUDada hAge nODikoLLa bEku.

averaDu bEre bEre sandarbhagaLalli baLasabEkAgiruva kannaDada bage gaLAgiddu, avugaLalli yAvudU tappalla embudannu avarige tiLisikoDa bEku. idallade, averaDara naDuviruva vyatyAsagaLannu avaru gamanisuva hAge mADidalli, ellara kannaDavannu kaliyuva kelasa heccu sulabhaddAga balludu.

makkaLa ADugannaDakkU SAleyalli baLasuva ellara kannaDakkU naDuve dhvanigaLa baLakeyalli kelavu vyatyAsagaLiraballuvu, mattu avu makkaLige tondare koDaballuvu. udAharaNegAgi, makkaLa ADumAtinalli SakAra illadirabahudu; hAgiddalli, SakAra bandiruva padagaLu makkaLa mAti nalli sakAravAgi kANisikoLLaballuvu. idannu saripaDisabEkiddalli, SakArakkU sakArakkU naDuve entaha vyatyAsa ide embudannu kalisu vavaru tiLidirabEkAguttade, mattu adannu makkaLige kalisuvudu hEge embudannU avaru tiLidirabEkAguttade.

idallade, makkaLige ellara kannaDadalli baruva dhvanigaLalli kelavannu horaDisalu bAradiruvudakke avu avara ADunuDiyalli illadiruvudu kAraNavallade, avara illavE avara nAligeya korateyalla embudannu kalisuvavaru tiLidirabEku. yAvudAdarU ondu taragatiyalli kali tiruva makkaLige antaha dhvanigaLannu ADalu tiLidillavAdare, adakke A taragatiyalli kalisuvavarara korateyE kAraNavallade makkaLa korate yalla.

dhvanigaLannu horaDisuva I ondu viShayavannu biTTare, ellara kannaDa dalli mAtanADalu kaliyuvudu makkaLige heccu tondare koDuva kelasa valla. Adare, Odalu mattu bareyalu kaliyuvudu avaralli heccinavarigU ondu tumbA toDakina kelasavendu anisadiradu. idakke kAraNavEnendare, adu avaru huTTinindalE paDeyaballa kelasagaLalli sErilla. avaraShTakkE biTTare makkaLu mAtanADalu kaliyuttAre, Adare Odalu mattu bareyalu kaliyuvudilla.

idallade, mAtu mattu barahagaLa naDuve halavu bageya vyatyAsagaLive. mAtinalli padagaLannella oTToTTige sErisi hELuttEve; Adare, bareyuvAga avannu bErpaDisi bareyabEkAguttade. mAtinalli baruva vAkyagaLu tunDu tunDAgiruttave; Adare, bareyuvAga avella iDi iDiyAgiruvante nODikoLLabEkAguttade. mAtinalli heccAgi cikka cikka vAkyagaLu mAtra baruttiruttave; Adare, barahadalli heccu toDakA giruva uddudda vAkyagaLannu baLasabEkAguttade. mAtinalli halavu bAri hELiddannE hELuttiruttEve; mattu hELuvudakke ondu kramaviruvudilla; Adare, bareyuvAga avannella ondu kramadalli jODisikoLLabEkAgu ttade.

SAleyalli makkaLu ellara kannaDadalli Odalu mattu bareyalu kaliyabEkiddalli I ondu hosa bageya barahada kannaDavannu avaru kaliyabEkAguttade, mattu adakkAgi avaru halavu hosa kavSalyagaLannU

kaliyabEkAguttade. idu tumbA toDakina kelasavAgiddu, idannu naDesu valli makkaLige mattu kalisuvavarigerige vyAkaraNada tiLivu halavu bage yalli neravannu nIDaballudu.

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Oduva kelasa

sariyAgi Odalu kaliyabEkiddalli, modalige tamma mAtinalli baruva padagaLannu dhvanigaLa sErikeyinda unTumADalAgide emba viShayavannu makkaLu tiLidukoLLuvudu avaSya; AmEle, barahadalli baruva gurutu gaLu (akSharagaLu) I dhvanigaLannu sUcisuttave embudara kaDege avara gamana hOgabEku. dhvanigaLannu jODisi padagaLannu unTumADida hAge, akSharagaLannu jODisi padagaLannu unTumADalAguttade embu dannu kanDukonDAga mAtra, avarige barahadalli baruva entaha padavannU (aduvarege nODiradantaha padavannU) Odalu gottAgu ttade.

I tiLuvaLikeyannu makkaLige koDisuvudu hEge embudannu kalisuvavaru tiLidirabEku. heccina makkaLU adannu tAvAgiyE paDeya lAraru. makkaLige Oduva bage hEge embudannu sariyAgi kalisadiddalli, avaru padagaLannu biDisi Odade iDi iDiyAgi Odalu kaliyuttAre, mattu I tappu kalikeyindAgi, avarige Oduva kelasa tumbA toDakina dAgi kANisuttade. munde salIsAgi Odalu avarige baruvudE illa.

I vyatyAsa eShTu mukhyavAdudu embudannu ittIcege naDesida miduLina samSOdhanegaLu tOrisikoTTive. salIsAgi Oduva makkaLa miduLinalli avaru OduttiruvAga mUru bageya naragaLu mincuttiru ive: (೧) akSharagaLannu gamanisuva kaNNige sambandhisida naragaLu, (೨) avannu dhvanigaLAgi mArpaDisuva kivige sambandhisida naragaLu, mattu (೩) dhvanigaLannu padagaLAgi jODisi avakke arthavannu hondisuva padakOSakke mattu vyAkaraNakke sambandhisida naragaLu. gaTTiyAgi OduttiruvAga mAtravallade, mavnavAgi OduttiruvAgalU I mUru bageya naragaLu avara miduLinalli mincuttiruttave.

idakke badalu, salIsAgi Odalu bAradiruva makkaLa miduLinalli OduttiruvAga eraDu bageya (೧nE mattu ೩nE) naragaLu mAtra mincuttiruttave; akkaragaLannu dhvanigaLAgi mArpaDisuva kivige sambandhisida (೨nE bageya) naragaLu avaru OduttiruvAga mincuvudE illa. I naragaLU mincuva hAge avarige sariyAgi Oduva bageyannu

tiLisikoTTalli, munde salIsAgi Oduvudu hEge embudannu avaru tAvAgiyE kalitukoLLuttAre.

ingliSh‌nantaha nuDigaLa barahagaLalli tumbA toDaku toDakAda spelling samasyeyide; hAgAgi, avugaLalliyU I rIti akSharagaLigU dhvanigaLigU naDuve sambandhavide embudannu makkaLige tOrisikoDu vudu tumbA kaShTada kelasa. kannaDadalliyU kannaDadavE Ada padagaLalli I sambandhavannu makkaLige sulabhavAgi tOrisikoDabahudu. Adare, samskxtadinda eravalAgi paDeda padagaLu avaralli gondalavannunTu mADaballuvu.

yAkendare, I padagaLannu kannaDadalli avugaLa uccAraNe hEgideyO hAgeyE bareyuva badalu, samskxtadalliruva hAgeyE bareyabEkemba kannaDada maTTige tIra anavaSyakavAda niyamavide. mahA prANa, Sha, x modalAda halavu akSharagaLige bEkAguva uccAraNe heccinavara OdinallU kANisikoLLuvudilla. hAgAgi, akSharagaLigU dhvani gaLigU naDuviruva sambandhavannu kanDukoLLuvalli makkaLige I padagaLu tondare koDuttave.

samskxtada eravalugaLannu samskxtadalliruva hAgeyE kannaDadallU bareyabEkemba I niyamavannu biTTukoDuva mUlaka, illavE intaha akSharagaLiruva samskxta eravalugaLannu cikka makkaLa pustakagaLalli baLasadiruva mUlaka, avarige mElina sambandhavannu kanDukoLLuvalli gondalavunTAgada hAge nODikoLLabahudu.

barahagaLannu makkaLu sariyAda kramadalli Odalu kaliyabEku mAtra valla; Oduttiruva hAge, avu Enu hELuttive embudannu gottumADi koLLalU kaliyabEkAguttade. vAkyagaLalli baruva padagaLannu artha koDuva gumpugaLAgi jODisi Oduvudu hEge embudannu, mattu Oduvudannu sariyAda jAgagaLalli nillisi nillisi Oduvudu hEge embudannu avaru kaliyabEkAguttade. I kelasavannu sariyAgi naDesalu bArada makkaLige avaru Oduttiruva vAkyagaLa oLaracaneyantahadu embantaha vyAkaraNada tiLivannu koDisidalli, adu avarige neravannu nIDuttade.

Odinalli baruva kliShTavAda vAkyagaLannu saraLa vAkyagaLAgi oDeyu vudu hEge, avugaLalli mukhya vAkya yAvudu, uLida vAkyagaLu I mukhya vAkya koDuva arthavannu hEge heccisuttave embantaha vyAkaraNakke sambandhisida tiLivu Odinalli munde hOgalu neravu

nIDuttade. I tiLivu taragatiyalli mundiruvavarigintalU hinde bILuvavarige heccina neravannu nIDuttade.

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bareyuva kelasa

Odalu kaliyuva kelasakkintalU bareyalu kaliyuva kelasa heccu toDakinadAdudu. idakke kAraNavEnendare, mAtigU barahakkU naDu viruva halavu vyatyAsagaLannu bareyuvavaru tamma baravaNigeyalli mUDisabEkAguttade. udAharaNegAgi, mAtinalli baruva vAkyagaLu tunDu tunDAgiraballuvu; Adare, barahadalli avella iDiyiDiyAgiru vante nODikoLLabEkAguttade. tunDu vAkyagaLigU iDI vAkyagaLigU naDuviruva vyatyAsa entahadu, tunDu vAkyagaLannu iDI vAkyagaLAgi mArpaDisuvudu hEge embudannu tiLididdalli mAtra, avarige I kelasavannu sariyAgi naDesalu baruttade.

cikka cikka vAkyagaLannu jODisi udda vAkyagaLannu unTumADuvudu hEge, ondu cikka vAkyadoLage bEre cikka vAkyagaLannu irisi kliShTavAda vAkyagaLannu unTumADuvudu hEge embudannU avarige kalisabEkAgu ide. yAkendare, sAmAnyavAgi mAtinalli bAradiruvantaha halavu bageya udda vAkyagaLu mattu kliShTa vAkyagaLu barahadalli baruttave. ellA makkaLigU ivannu unTumADuva bage hEge embudannu tAvAgiyE kalitukoLLalu baruvudilla.

vAkyagaLannu sErisi pArAgaLannu kaTTuva bageyannU avarige kalisi koDabEkAguttade. oLLE mAdari pArAgaLalli modalige mukhya viShayavannu mundiDuva cikka vAkyaviruttade; AmEle, adannu heccu vivaravAgi tiLisuva, mattu adakke bembala nIDuva viShayagaLu baruttave; mattu koneyalli, muktAyagoLisuva vAkya baruttade. vAkyagaLannu I rIti ondakkondu hondikoLLuva hAge bareyuvudu hEge embudannu avarige tiLisikoDabEku.

barahadalli baruva pArAgaLannu hEge aNigoLisuvudu embudannU avarige kalisabEkAguttade. idu bEre bEre gurigaLigAgi baLakeyAguva barahagaLalli bEre bErAgiruttade. ondu kateyannu bareyuvavaru adara kate munde hOguvudakke heccina gamana koDabEkAguttade. idakke badalu, ondu viShayada maTTige innobbara oppige illavE olavannu paDeyabEkendiruvavaru A viShayavannu Odugara mundirisuvudu

hEge, mattu adannu bembalisuva viShayagaLannu koDuva bage hEge embudakke gamana koDabEkAguttade.

mAtinallilladantaha kone (.), arekone (;), taDe (,) modalAda halavu bageya gurutugaLannu barahadalli baLasikoLLabEkAguttade. mAti nalli baruva kayyanne, kaNNusanne, dhvaniya EriLita, biDuvu modalAdavu gaLige badalAgi ivannu baLasalAguttade. I gurutugaLannu sariyAgi baLasikoLLuvalli vyAkaraNada tiLivu neravige baruttade.

omme baredudannu Odi nODi, adu sariyillavendu anisidalli adannu tiddi saripaDisuvudu hEge embudannU makkaLu tiLidirabEku. idakkAgi avaru tAvu barediruva vAkyavannu bEre bEre bagegaLalli mArpaDisalu kalitirabEkAguttade. tAvu barediruva vAkyada oLaracane entahadu, A vAkyavannu bEre yAva racanegaLige mArpaDisabahudu embantaha vyAkaraNada tiLivu avarigiddalli, tAvu barediruva barahavannu tiddi saripaDisuva kelasavannu avaru heccu cannAgi naDesaballaru.

intaha hattu halavu kavSalyagaLannu bareyalu kaliyuva makkaLu paDedirabEkAguttade; ivakke sambandhisida vyAkaraNada tiLivannu koDisi dalli, avarige I kavSalyagaLannu tammadAgisikoLLalu heccu sulabhavAgu ttade. hAgAgi, yAva bageya vyAkaraNada tiLivu bareyalu kaliyuva makkaLige neravannu nIDaballudu embudannu kanDuhiDiyuva kelasavannU nAvu ivattu naDesabEkAgide.

idakke udAharaNeyAgi, barahagaLalli sariterapina (co-ordinated) racanegaLannu baLasuvalli kANisikoLLuva tondareyannu gamanisabahudu: ondE bageya eraDu illavE heccu viShayagaLannu tiLisabEkAdAga intaha racanegaLannu baLasalAguttade.

udAharaNegAgi, avanu ApIsigU hOgalilla, maduvegU baralilla emba vAkyadalli eraDu viShayagaLannu eduredurAgi nillisi hELalAgide, mattu idakkAgi sariterapina racaneyannu baLasalAgide. intaha racanegaLalli viShayagaLannu jODisuvudakkAgi mattu, illavE, Agali, U, inta modalAda pada illavE pratyayagaLannu baLasa lAguttade. tiLisabEkAgiruva viShayagaLu eraDakkinta heccu iddalli, avannu ondu paTTiyAgiyU koDabahudu.

sariterapina racanegaLalli viShayagaLannu pada, padakante tunDu vAkya, illavE iDI vAkyagaLa mUlaka sUcisalAguttade. illi bareyuvavaru mukhyavAgi gamanisabEkAgiruva viShayavEnendare, ivugaLalli baruva

nuDitagaLu ondE bageyavAgirabEku. yAkendare, avu bEre bEre bageyavAgiddare Odugarige tondareyAguttade.

udAharaNegAgi, keLage koTTiruva paTTiyalli ellA nuDitagaLU ondE bageyavAgilla:

ivattu nAvu mADiruva kelasagaLu:

1. viLAsagaLannella eNNukadalli sErisi accu hAkidevu
2. hodikegaLige viLAsagaLannu anTisi suttOlegaLannu
3. avugaLoLage hAkidevu
4. anceyalli kaLisabEkAduvannu bEre irisalAyitu
5. ippattAytu kaDegaLige suttOle muTTisiddu

I udAharaNeyalli modala mUru nuDitagaLu vAkyagaLu; Adare, nAlkaneyadu ondu padakante. idallade, mUranE vAkyada racane modala eraDu vAkyagaLa racaneginta bErAgide. I vyatyAsagaLindAgi, mElina sariterapina baraha Odugarige tondare koDuttade embudannu gamanisabahudu. adu sulabhavAgi OdisikonDu hOguvudilla.

intaha vyatyAsagaLu tamma barahadalli sErikonDiveyembudu bareyuvavarige sAmAnyavAgi gottE Aguvudilla. avu gamanakke bara bEkiddalli, barahavannu avaru gaTTiyAgi Odi nODabEku, illavE bErobbara hattira Odalu hELabEku. barahagaLalli baruva racanegaLa tiLivu intaha tappugaLannu gurutisuvalli, mattu avannu saripaDisuvalli bareyuvavara neravige baruttade.

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ingliSh bhASheya kalike

SAleyalli ingliSh bhASheyannu eraDanE bhASheyAgi kalisuttiruvAga makkaLa tAynuDiyannu baLasabahudE, illavE baLasabEkE emba viShaya dalli ittIcege tumbA carcegaLu naDeyuttive; Adare, ivattu heccina samSOdhakarU ingliSh bhASheya kalikeyalli tAynuDiya baLake halavu bageyalli neravAgaballudu embudannu oppuva hantakke bandiddAre.

Adare kaLeda SatamAnadinda, ingliSh taragatigaLalli tAynuDiyannu baLasalE kUDadu emba kaTTaleyondu beLedubandide. idakke tAynuDi

yannu A rIti baLasidalli, adu ingliSh kalikege aDDiyannunTumADa balludemba tappu tiLivaLike ingliSh nuDiyannu kalisuvavaralli beLedu bandudE mukhya kAraNa.

idallade, makkaLu yAvAgalU ingliSh bhASheyannE kELuttiddalli, mattu bEre yAva bhASheyannU kELade iddalli, avarige ingliSh‌nalli tumbA cannAgi mattu bahaLa bEgane mAtanADalu bandItemba innondu tappu anisikeyU idakke kAraNavAgittu.

ingliSh bhASheyannu SikShaNa mAdhyamavAgi baLasuva kelavu SAlegaLa llantU makkaLu SAleyoLage tamma tAynuDiyannu baLasuvudE ondu doDDa aparAdhavembudAgi ivattigU parigaNisalAguttide.

nijakkU idu makkaLa illavE doDDavara kalike hEge sAguttade embudannu tiLiyade mADiruvantaha kaTTale. yArE Agali, tamma lliruva tiLuvaLikeya taLahadiya mEle hosa tiLuvaLikeyannu paDeya bEkAguttade. SAlege baruva modalE makkaLu tamma tAynuDiyalli cannAgi mAtanADalu kalitiruttAre; tamma anisikegaLannu A bhASheyalli tiLisuvudu hEge, mattu adaralli bEreyavaru hELidudannu kELi tiLiyuvudu hEge embudannu avaru cannAgi tiLidiruttAre. avara AlOcanegaLellavU A bhASheyalliyE naDeyuttiruttave.

hAgiruvAga, makkaLu SAleyalli hosa bhASheyondannu kaliya bEkiddalli, adannu avaru adakke modalE kalitukonDidda tAynuDiya mUlakavEnE kaliyabEku. idallade, bhASheya svarUpaventahadu embudannu SAlege sEruva modalEnE avarige tAynuDiya kalike tiLisikoTTide. dhvanigaLannu baLasi padagaLannu unTumADuvudu hEge, avannu baLasi padakantegaLannu mattu vAkyagaLannu unTumADuvudu hEge, avu arthagaLannu hEge sUcisaballuvu embudannella avaru adakke modalE tamma tAynuDiya kalikeya mUlaka tiLidiruttAre.

avaru kaliyabEkAgiruva hosa bhASheyalli (ingliSh‌nalli) idannE bErondu bageyalli naDesalAguttade. I bage entahadu embudannu avaru gamanisuva hAge mADuva mUlaka, adannu kaliyalu toDagisu vudE sariyAda mattu sulabhavAda dAri. I rIti tAynuDiya mUlaka hosa bhASheyannu kalisahoraTalli, makkaLige nemmadiya kalike dorakuttade, mattu hosa bhASheyalli anjade mAtu kaliyalu baruttade.

idakke badalu, tAynuDiyannu SAleyalli baLasalE kUDademba kaTTaleyannu mADidalli, kalikeyalli avaru baLasaballa ondu amUlya vAda sAdhanavannu avarinda kittukonDahAgAguttade, mattu tAynuDiya kuritAgi avaralli kILarimeyannu unTumADida hAgAguttade. idarindAgi, halavu makkaLige tamma tannatanavannE kaLedukonDa hAgeyU Aguttade.

nijakkU makkaLu tamma eraDanE bhASheyannu modalanE bhASheya taLahadiya mElEnE kaliyuttAre. taragatiyalli tAynuDiyannu baLasa bArademba kaTTaleyannu mADidarU, avaru kaliyuttiruvAga manassi nalli illavE miduLinalli tAynuDiyannu baLasadiruvudilla. yAkendare, hAge baLasadiralu avarige sAdyavE illa! hAgAgi, avara tAynuDi yannu manassinalli mAtravE baLasalAguttideyO, illavE horagU baLasalAguttideyO embudE illiruva vyatyAsa.

pada mattu vAkyagaLigU avugaLa arthakkU naDuviruva sambandhavannu tiLidukonDu, adannu nenapinalli uLisikoLLuva kelasa makkaLa miduLina ondu kaDeyalli mAtra naDeyuttade. hosadondu bhASheyannu kaliyuva makkaLallU I kelasa adE jAgadalli, endare avaru tamma tAynuDiyannu kaliyuttiruvAga baLasida jAgadallEnE naDeyuttade. eraDanE bhASheyannu enTu-hattu varSha dATida makkaLu kaliyuttiru vAgalU avara miduLinalli I kelasavannu naDesalu bEre hosa jAga baLakege baruvudilla. endare, tAynuDiya tiLivige sambandhisida hAgEnE avara eraDanE bhASheya tiLivu miduLinalli nelegoLLuttade.

modalanE bhASheya nelegaTTina mEle eraDanE bhASheya kalike naDeyuva kAraNa, averaDu bhAShegaLa naDuve vyAkaraNada niyama gaLalliruva vyatyAsavannu makkaLu gamanisuva hAge mADidalli, eraDanE bhASheyannu kaliyuva kelasa heccu sulabhavAgaballudendu samSO dhanegaLu tOrisikoTTive. intaha tiLivu cikka makkaLigintalU doDDavarige heccu neravannu nIDuttade.

udAharaNegAgi, kannaDadalli kriyApada vAkyada konege baruttade (nAnu manege hOde); Adare, ingliSh‌nalli idu vAkyada naDuve baruttade (I went home). idu I eraDu bhAShegaLalli baLakeyAguva vAkyagaLa naDuviruva ondu mukhyavAda vyatyAsa. idakke sambandhisidante, bEreyU halavu vyatyAsagaLu I eraDu bhAShegaLa naDuve kANisi koLLuttave:

udAharaNegAgi, kannaDadalli ottAseya (auxiliary) kriyApada mukhya kriyApadada baLika baruttade (bandiddEne), Adare ingliSh‌nalli adu mukhya kriyApadada modalu baruttade (have come). kannaDadalli marada keLage ennuttEve, Adare ingliSh‌nalli under the tree ennuttEve; kannaDadalli marada gellu ennuttEve; ingliSh‌nalli branch of the tree ennuttEve; kannaDadalli bEga banni ennuttEve; ingliSh‌nalli come quickly ennuttEve.

intaha bEreyU halavAru vyatyAsagaLu I eraDu bhAShegaLa naDuve kANisuttive; IgAgalE ondu bageya baLakeyannu kalitavarige adakkU Iga kaliyabEkAgiruva baLakegU naDuviruva vyatyAsagaLannu tOrisikoTTalli, avara kalike heccu sulabhavAgi sAguttade.

ondu bhASheyalli Oduva mattu bareyuva kelasavannu naDesalu halavu kavSalyagaLannu kaydaSa mADikoLLabEkAguttade; ivannu bEre bhAShegaLalli paDeyuvudakkinta tAynuDiyalli paDeyuvudE heccu sulabha. yAkendare, tAynuDiyalli cannAgi mAtanADalu baruvu darinda, adaralli Oduvudannu mattu bareyuvudannu bEgane kaliya bahudu. I rIti tAynuDiyalli paDeda kavSalyagaLannu AmEle sulabha vAgi bEre bhAShegaLige vargAyisalu baruttade. hAgAgi, modalige tAynuDiyalli Odalu mattu bareyalu kalisi, AmEle eraDanE illavE mUranE bhASheyalli kalisuvudE sariyAda dAri.

ingliSh‌nalli tumbA toDaku toDakAda spelling samasyeyide. hAgAgi, adara barahagaLalli akSharagaLigU dhvanigaLigU naDuve hondANike ide embudannu makkaLu gamanisuva hAge mADuvudu tumbA toDakina kelasa. halavu mandi makkaLa gamanakke idu baruvudE illa. hAgAgi, antaha makkaLu padagaLannu akSharagaLAgi oDedu dhvani gaLondige hondisalu hOgade, nEravAgi Odalu toDaguttAre. I rIti Odalu modalige aShTondu tondareyAguvudillavAdarU, kalike yalli munde hOdante heccu heccu barahagaLannu OdabEkAguvudAda kAraNa, avaru kalikeyalli hinde bILatoDaguttAre.

hAgAgi, modalige kannaDadalli Odalu kaliyuva mUlaka sariyAgi Oduva bage hEge embudannu tiLidukonDiruva makkaLu ingliSh‌nallU sariyAgi Odalu sulabhavAgi kalitukoLLaballaru. yAkendare, Oduva kelasakkAgi kannaDadalli paDediruva kavSalyavannu avaru sulabhavAgi tamma ingliSh OdigU vargAyisaballaru.

akSharagaLigU dhvanigaLigU nEra sambandhaviruva barahagaLannu Odalu kalisuvAga makkaLige ondu varShadalli eShTu kaliyalu sAdhyavAgu ttadeyO aShTannu kaliyalu, ingliSh‌nantaha spelling samasyeyiruva barahagaLannu Odalu kalisuvAga eraDUvare varShagaLaShTu samaya tagaluttadeyendu samSOdhanegaLu tOrisikoTTive. hAgAgi, munde kannaDavannu OduvudE bEDa ennuvavarigU modalige adaralli Odalu kalisi, AmEle ingliSh‌nalli Odalu kalisuvudarinda sariyAgi Oduva kramavannu avaru heccu bEgane tiLidukoLLaballaru.

mEle vivarisida hAge, Odalu kaliyuvudakkintalU bareyalu kali yuvudu heccu toDakina kelasa. idannu eraDanE bhASheyalli naDesalu kaliyuvudu mattaShTu toDakina kelasa. I eraDanE kelasavannu tamma tAynuDiyalli bareyalu kalitiruva makkaLu eraDanE nuDiyalli heccu sulabhavAgi naDesaballaru. yAkendare, avaru idakkAgi tamma tAynuDi yalli kalitu konDidda kavSalyagaLalli heccinavannU eraDanE bhASheya baravaNigegU vargAyisikoLLaballaru.

makkaLige tamma tAynuDiyalli AlOcisalu EnU tondare yAguvudilla. Adare, eraDanE bhASheyalli sAkaShTu paLaguvallivarege avarige adaralli AlOcisalu baruvudilla. hAgAgi, bareyabEkAgiruva viShayagaLannu modalige tamma tAynuDiyalli AlOcisi, mattu avannu bEkAda kramadalli jODisikonDu, AmEle eraDanE bhASheyalli bareyuvudu avarige heccu sulabhavAda kelasavAgaballudu.

idallade, tAynuDiyalli bareyalu kalitiruva makkaLu tAvu oTTugUDisiruva viShayagaLannu modalige tamma tAynuDiyalli baredu, AmEle adannu eraDanE bhAShege anuvAdisabahudu. eraDanE bhAShe yannu kaliyuva modala hantagaLalli intaha anuvAdada baLakeyU neravige baruttadeyendu ittIcegina kelavu samSOdhanegaLu tOrisi koTTive.

eraDanE bhASheyannu kaliyuttiruvAga oTToTTige tamma tAynuDi yallU Odu-barahada tiLivannu heccisikoLLuva makkaLu eraDanE bhASheya kalikeyalli bEre makkaLiginta munde hOguttAre. tAynuDi yannu pUri kaDegaNisiruva makkaLu modamodalige tumbA vEgavAgi munde hOguttiruvante kANisuttAre; Adare, AmEle avaralli halavu makkaLu tamma eraDanE bhASheya kalikeyalli hinde bILatoDaguttAre. idarinda gottAguvudEnendare, eraDanE bhASheya kalikeyalli heccina makkaLigU tamma tAynuDiya bembala bEkAguttade.

illi innondu viShayavannU gamanisabEkAgide: bhASheya kalikeyalli eraDu mukhyavAda hantagaLiruttave. adaralli salIsAgi mAtanADalu kaliyuvudu ondu hanta, mattu gaNita, vijYAna modalAda amUrta (abstract) viShayagaLannu tiLiyalu, mattu innobbarige tiLisalu kaliyu vudu innondu hanta.

SAleyalli modalinindalU ingliSh nuDiyannE SikShaNamAdhyama vAgi baLasiruva makkaLu A bhASheyalli salIsAgi mAtanADuvudannu gamanisiruva halavarige, avaru adannu bahaLa cannAgi kalitukonDi ddArendu anisuttade. hAgAgi, tamma makkaLU ingliSh nuDiyannE SikShaNamAdhyamavAgi baLasi, AdaShTu bEgane A bhASheyalli pariNata rAgabEkendu avaru bayasuttAre. Adare, nijakkU antaha makkaLu tamma ingliSh kalikeyalli modalaneya hantavannaShTE talapiruttAre.

munde eraDanE hantavannu talapuva kelasadalli avaru hinde bILu ttAre. idakke kAraNavEnendare, makkaLu tamma tAynuDiyalli I kelasa vannu heccu sulabhavAgi naDesaballaru, mattu AmEle adannu tamma eraDaneya bhAShegU sulabhavAgi vargAyisaballaru. ingliSh bhAShe yannu SikShaNamAdhyamavAgi baLasuttiruva makkaLige intaha tAynuDiya neravu dorakuvudillavAda kAraNa, avarige tamma kalikeya eraDanE hantavannu talapuvalli tumbA tondareyAguttade.

hAgAgi, modalige kannaDavannE SikShaNamAdhyamavAgi baLasi, AmEle hayskUlinalli, illavE munde kAlEjinalli ingliSh bhASheyannu SikShaNa mAdhyamavAgi baLasuva makkaLu A bhASheyalli eraDanE hantavannu talapuvalli suruvinindalU adakkAgi ingliSh bhASheyannE baLasuva makkaLiginta munde hOguttAre.

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೨.೯ ganTegeShTu puTa Odaballiri?

Oduvudaralli bariya vEgakke antaha mahatvavEnU illa. Odiddannu sari yAgi arthamADikoLLuvudu, yAva mAtu sari, yAvudu tappu endu nirdharisikoLLuvudu, mattu barahada andavannu managanDu Anandisuvudu - ivellavU Odininda manuShyanu paDedukoLLabahu dAda mahatvada amSagaLu.

AdarU, ivellA kAryagaLige mUlAdhAravAda Oduvikeyemba yAntrika kelasavondideyalla, puTagaLa mEle baredudannu illavE

mudrisidudannu kaNNininda nODi mAtugaLAgi illavE mAtugaLa artha gaLAgi parivartisikoLLuvantaha I kelasavannu tvaregoLisidaShTU namma Oduvikeya vEga jAstiyAgiyE Aguttade, mattu antaha vEgadinda namma samayada uLitAyavU Aguttade embudannu illi gamanisuvudu avaSya. hAgAgi, Oduvikeyemba I yAntrika kelasavannu tvaregoLisu vudu hEge embudannu tiLidukoLLuvudu oLLeyadu.

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mAna Odu

AlOcaneya illavE kalpaneya vEgaveShTiruvudO aShTE vEgavAgi OduvikeyU sAgaballudAdare, adannu atyuttamavAda Oduvikeyendu kareyabahudu. Adare, barahadalliruvudannu nODi grahisikoLLalu kaNNige svalpavAdarU samaya tagaluvudAddarinda Oduvikeya vEga AlO caneya vEgakkinta aShTara maTTigAdarU kaDimeyAgiyE Aguttade.

miniTige ondu sAvira padagaLa varegU kaNNu grahisikoLLabahudu. Adare, hIge kaNNu grahisikonDudannu arthamADikoLLalu innU svalpa samaya hiDiyuttade. hAgAgi, atyanta vEgavAgi OduvavarU miniTige ArunUru-ELunUrakkinta jAsti padagaLannu Odi grahisikoLLalAraru.

mavnavAgi Oduvavaru padagaLannu ondondAgi uccarisi Odu vavariginta heccu SIghravAgi Odaballarembudu idarinda vyaktavAguttade. nijakkU bahaLa vEgavAgi Oduvavaru vAkyagaLalli baruva padagaLannu mattu akSharagaLannu bEre bErAgi gamanisikoLLalu hOgade oTToTTAgi Odalu kalitiruttAre. ati paricitavAda padagaLannu avugaLa kelavE kelavu viSiShTavAda amSagaLinda (udA: talekoTTu, ottakShara modalA davugaLinda) mAtravE UhisikoLLuva abhyAsa ivarigiruttade.

gaTTiyAgi OduvavarU intaha viSiShTavAda amSagaLinda padagaLa iravannu UhisikoLLaballaru. Adare, A padagaLannu avaru bEre bErAgi uccarisabEkAguttade. hAgAgi, avara Odina vEga aShTaramaTTige kunThitavAguttade.

gaTTiyAgi Oduvavara kaNNu yAvAgalU avaru Oduttiruva padakkinta mundeyE iruvudembudannu gamanisabahudu. kaNNigiruvaShTu vEga nAligegillavAda kAraNa, avara Odina vEga nAligeya vEgadallE uLiyuttade.

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barahada yOgyate

uttama OdugAranige tanna Odina vEgavannu sannivESakkanusAravAgi heccu kaDime mADikoLLuva sAmarthyavirabEku. atI uttama darjeya barahagaLannOduvAga, Atanu adaralli baruva pratiyondu hELike yannU tUginODi, adara sArAsAragaLannu vicArisutta munduvariya bEkAguttade. hAgAgi, antaha barahagaLannOdalu Atanige heccu samaya bEkAguttade. barahada darje keLagAdantella Atana Oduvikeya vEga heccuttA hOguttade.

tamma Oduvikeyannu uttamagoLisabEkendu iruvavaru I rIti barahada yOgyateyannanusarisi tamma Odina vEgavannu heccu kaDime mADikoLLalu kaliyabEku. ellA rItiya barahagaLannU ondE vEgadinda, ondakSharavannU biDade, Oduvavaru tamma samayavannu bahaLaShTu hALu mADikoLLuttiruttArembudu spaShTa.

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Odina uddESa

barahada yOgyateyannanusarisi mAtravalla, Oduvudaralli tamma uddESa vEnembudannu anusarisiyU Odina vEgavannu heccu kaDime mADi koLLalu kaliyuvudu avaSya. ondu puTavannu mElininda mEle nODiyE adaralli nAvu arasuttiruva viShayavirabahudE athavA illavE embudannu UhisikoLLalu, mattu bEDavAgiruva puTagaLannu hAgeyE biTTu Odannu munduvarisalu abhyAsa mADabEku. pustaka dalliruva pariviDi, viShayasUci, modalAdavugaLa sahAyadinda namage bEkAgiruva amSa intahadE jAgadallideyembudannu aritukoLLalu kaliyabEku.

pustakadalli barediruvudellavU vEdavAkyavendu lEkhakana hELike gaLannella hAgeyE giLipATha mADikoLLuvudu bahaLa mandi vidyArthi gaLalli mattu itara Odugaralli tOribaruva innondu korateyAgide. hELikegaLa satyAsatyategaLannu vicArisi nODuvante, barahadalli kANisuva viShayagaLannU hAgeyE svIkarisade, avannu vimarSisuva abhyAsavannu beLesabEku. Oduvike namma AlOcaneyannu keraLisuttirabEku.

Adare, I AlOcane sandarbhada hiDitadallirabEku. ellellO aleyutta hOgabAradu. kelavaru OduvAga, ondondu padavU avara nenapinalliruva yAva yAvudO haLeya anubhavagaLannu hora taruttiruttade, mattu avara kaNNu gereyinda gerege barahavannOdutta

sAguvudAdarU, manassu mAtra innellO aledADuttiruttade. intaha Oduvikeyinda Oduganige Ananda sigabahudAdarU adara nijavAda uddESa mAtra siddhisalAradu.

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Odina sAmarthya

AlOcanA sAmarthyadante Oduva sAmarthyavU obbobbaralli ondondu teranAgiruttade. prayatnapaTTalli pratiyobbanU tannalliruva I sAmarthyavannu ondu niScitavAda maTTadavarege Erisaballanu. tAnu talapabahudAda Odina vEga entahadembudannu tiLidukonDu, adannu paDeyalu pratiyobbanU prayatnisuvudu avaSya.

sAmAnyavAgi buddhivantarAda Odugarella tAvu talapabahudAda Odina vEgakkinta bahaLa kaDime vEgadallEnE Oduttiruvarendu samSOdhanegaLinda tiLidu bandide. udAharaNegAgi, gaNita, vijYAna modalAda viShayagaLalli jAsti ankagaLannu paDeyaballa vidyArthi kannaDa, ingliSh modalAdavugaLalli kaDime ankagaLannu paDeyu tiruvanAdare, avanige sariyAgi Odalu bAradiruvudE idakke mukhya kAraNavirabahudu. kannaDa illavE ingliSh barahagaLa Odu avana buddiya OTakke sariyAgi ODade, avanige Odinalli bEsara bandiralU sAdhyavide.

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yAntrika upakaraNagaLu

Oduvikeya vEgavannu mattu kramavannu abhivxddhigoLisalu halavu bageya vidhAnagaLannu kanDuhiDiyalAgide. idakkAgi kelavu yAntrika upakaraNagaLannU baLasabahudu. udAharaNegAgi, TekisToskOp emba upakaraNavu ondu niScita vEgadalli OdabEkAda baraha ondu paradeya mEle bILuttiruvante mADuttade. I vEgavannu svalpa svalpavE heccisi, Oduganu jOru jOrAgi Oduvante mADalu sAdhyavide. padagaLannu ondondAgi Oduva badalu artha ghaTakagaLAgiruva padasamUhagaLannu oTToTTAgi grahisuvante prErEpisalU kUDa I upakaraNavannu baLasa bahudu.

yAntrika upakaraNagaLa sahAyavilladiddarU svaprayatnadindalE namma Odina vEgavannu heccisikoLLalu sAdhyavide. I viShayadalli vidyArthigaLu mAtravalla, vayaskarU prayatnisidalli saphalarAga ballarendu samSOdhanegaLu tOrisikoTTive.

Oduttiruva viShayadallE uLidiruvante manassannu hiDitadalliTTu koLLuvudu, mavnavAgi mattu vEgavAgi Odalu kaliyuvudu, ondu pArAdalli hELiruvantaha viShayavannu adara modalina onderaDu vAkya gaLindalE Uhisalu yatnisuvudu - intaha halavu bageya abhyAsa gaLa mUlaka Oduvikeyannu abhivxddhi goLisalu sAdhyavide.

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೨.೧೦ Odalu bandarU OduvudillavEke?

indina vidyArthigaLu Odinalli jAsti Asakti vahisuttilla, ottAyakkAgi paThyapustakagaLannu konDukonDiddarU avannella Odalu hOgade bariya mArgadarSakagaLindalE parIkShege bEkAguvaShTu uttaragaLannu bAyi pATha mADikonDu aShTarindalE txptarAgiruttAremba mAtu AgAga kELibaruttade. vidyArthigaLalli mAtravalla, vayaskarallU Odina bagge I rItiya aSraddhe tOribaruttide. paThyapustakagaLannu biTTu bErAva pustaka gaLannu prakaTisahoraTarU prakASakara kay suTTu hOguttiruvudu ida kkondu uttama nidarSana.

nammalli divasadinda divasakke SAlegaLa sankhye jAstiyAguttide, mattu I SAlegaLalli ‘Odalu-bareyalu’ kaliyuttiruva vidyArthigaLa sankhyeyU jAstiyAguttide. idarindAgi nammalliruva akSharasthara sankhye yEnO heccuttide; Adare, nijakkU I akShara kalita mandiyannu akSharastharendu kareyalu sAdhyavE embudannu yOcisuvudu avaSya.

tAvu kalita akSharavannu tamma hitakkAgi illavE AnandakkAgi ivaru baLasuttillavAdare, akShara kalita ivarigU itara anakSharastharigU Enu bhEda siddhisida hAgAyitu? Odu kalisuvudakkintalU kalita Odinalli abhiruci mattu Asakti huTTuvante mADuvudE ati mukhyavAda kelasa vembudu idarinda spaShTavAguttade.

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Odina uddESa

kALidAsana illavE bhAsana kxtigaLannu OdabEkendu samskxta kaliyu vavarige, illavE SEks‌piyar OdabEkendu ingliSh kaliyuvavarige, munde A Odina upayOgavannu hEge mADikoLLabahudembudannu yArU tiLisikoDabEkAgilla. Adare, nammalli heccinavarigU Odu

Odalu bandarU OduvudillavEke?

kaliyuvudaralli, illavE bhAShe kaliyuvudaralli intaha nEravAda uddESavEnU iruvudilla.

es.es.el.si.yalli sarAsari jAsti sigabEkendu hindI klAsige sEruvavarige, illavE mArku heccu sigabEkendu kannaDa biTTu samskxta vannarasuvavarige kALidAsanAdarEnu bErobbanAdarEnu? kaliyuvikeya uddESa I rIti tiruvu muruvAgiruvudE kalita viShayada mEle nammalli beLedu baruttiruva I anAstheya mUla.

adbhuta ramya kAdambarigaLannOdi manassannu taNisikonDavarige, illavE vicArapUrNa lEkhanagaLannOdi buddhiyannu harita mADi konDavarige hosa hosa pustakagaLannu konDukonDO, eravalu paDedO OdabEkendu yArU ottAya mADabEkAgilla.

Adare, intaha pustakagaLa illavE lEkhanagaLa ruciyannE nODira dantaha sAmAnya Odugarige avugaLalli Asakti huTTabEkAdare, adakkAgi yArAdarU prayatna illavE ottAya mADalEbEkalla? I kelasavannu mADalu ati uttama sthaLavendare makkaLige Odu kalisuttiruvantaha SAlegaLE embudannu mAtra heccinavarU gamanisidantilla.

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Odina sannivESa

maneyalli vayaskaru dinAlU pustakagaLannO patrikegaLannU Oduttiru varAdare, antaha sannivESadalli beLeyuva makkaLu tAvAgiyE Odinalli Asakti tOrisabahudu. antaha Asaktiyannu gamanisi, avarige rucisu vantaha Odina sAmagriyannu odagisi koTTalli, A Asakti tAnAgiyE beLedukoLLuttade.

Adare, ivattu heccina vidyArthigaLU intaha Odina sannivESa lavalESavU illadantaha manegaLallE beLeyuttiddAre; hAgAgi, avarige Odannu mAtravalla, Odina ruciyannU kalisikoDuvantaha javAbdAri sampUrNavAgi namma SAlegaLa mEle biddiruttade.

namma SAlegaLu mAtra, I prAmukhyavAda kelasada kaDege svalpavU gamanavittantilla. Odannu kaliyuttiruvAgalAgali, kalitu mugisidAga lAgali, I makkaLalli heccinavarigU pustakagaLannu kanDarEnE talenOvu baruttade. idakke I vidyArthigaLannu dUri phalavilla.

svAbhAvikavAgi avaralli mUDibaruva Asaktiyannu cikkandinallEnE muridu hAkuva avara adhyApakarannE dUrabEku. kate kAdambarigaLa

nOdi samaya hALumADabEDiri, paThyapustakagaLannu mAtravE Odiri endu upadESa mADuva I mahAtmarannu bErEnanna bEku?

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Odina phala - manOranjane

pustakagaLa mUlaka, illavE patrikegaLa mUlaka bEre bEre viShayagaLa nnaritukoLLalu sAdhyavAguvudembudEnO nija. Adare, pustakagaLu iru vudE I ‘oNa’ uddESakkAgi emba bhAvane makkaLalli bErUritendare, avu mADuva innondu aShTE mukhyavAda kAryakke sandarbhavE dorakadantAguttade.

calaccitra, nATaka modalAduvannu nODi santOShapaDuvante, pustakagaLannu OdiyU manuShyanu santOShapaDaballanu embudannu I ruciyannu savida mattu saviyuttiruva nAvellarU ballevu. Adare, jana sAmAnyarige I ruciya arivu svalpavU Adantilla. paThyapustakagaLannu horatupaDisi, bEre pustakagaLa mArATa ivattu hEge naDeyuttide embudannu gamanisidalli idu spaShTavAguttade. vidyArthigaLige pustakagaLa ruciyannu tOrisikoDuvudakkAgi namma SAlegaLu nEravAda prayatna naDesabEku.

Odinalli abhiruci huTTadE iruvudakke, illavE mUDibanda Asakti alligE naSisi hOguvudakke halakelavu viShayagaLu kAraNagaLAga balluvu. manassige hiDisuvantaha pustakavAvudU Odu kaliyuttiruva huDugara kaNNige bILalillavembudondu; hAge kaNNige biddarU adara lliruva kateyannu A kateya OTakke hondikoLLuvante SIghravAgi Oduva krama avarige karagatavAgillavembudu innondu; A kateyannu sariyAgi arthamADikonDu AnandisuvaShTu avara padasampattu beLedillavembu dinnondu; antaha pustakagaLannu OduvudE tappemba bhAvaneyannu avaralli tAyitandeyaru illavE adhyApakaru mUDisiruvarembudu mattondu.

intaha halavu kAraNagaLindAgi, Odalu bandarU OdadE iru vantaha janara sankhye nammalli jAstiyAgide. kAlEjina hostilannu dATidarU, tamma paThyapustaka (illavE avugaLa mArgadarSike)gaLannu biTTu bEre pustakagaLalli ondE ondannU sampUrNavAgi buDadinda koneya varege Odida anubhava namma vidyArthigaLalli bahaLa mandigilla. I vidyArthigaLella tamma jIvanadalli atyamUlyavAda ondu anu bhavakke horatAgiddArembudu bahaLa bEsarada sangati.

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Odalu bandarU Oduvudilla Eke?

bengaLUrinantaha nagaradalli hattu hadinaydu varSha vAsisiyU ondE ondu calanacitravannU nODadiruva mahanIyanobbaniddare avanannu nIvu Enendu kareyabahudO adannE I pustaka Odada mahanIyarigU anvayisabahudu.

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samasyege parihAra

akShara kalitU anakSharastharAgiyE uLiyuvantaha I duravastheyannu hOgalADisalu namma SikShaNatajYaru mattu I viShayadalli Asakti yiruva itara mahanIyaru EnAdarU vyavasthe mADuvudu avaSya. Odu kaliyuttiruva makkaLa manassige hiDiyuva, mattu avara Odina vEgakke hondikeyAguva bEre bEre pustakagaLannArisi, andavAgi mudrisi, A makkaLa kayge sulabhavAgi eTakuvante mADabEku; I pustakagaLannu avaru tAvAgiyE Arisi, Odi, santOShapaDuvante avara SAlegaLalli sannivESagaLannu kalpisi koDabEku; mattu intaha Odinalli Asakti tOradiruva makkaLige avara vayyaktika samasyegaLEnembudannu pariSIlisi, avakke takka parihAragaLannu odagisabEku.

SikShaNAdhikArigaLu mattu SikShaNa tajYaru mAtravalla, Odugara sankhye jAstiyAgabEkendu bayasuva itara mahanIyarU samasyeya I mUlavannu gamanisuvudu avaSya. Odugara sankhye jAstiyAdaShTU barehagArara, pustaka vyApArigaLa, mattu patrikegaLa vyApti heccuttade, mattu idarindAgi avannu avalambisiruva itara udyamagaLa vyAptiyU heccuttade. hAgAgi, bErAva kAraNakkAgi alladiddarU tamma svArthakkAgiyAdarU I udyamigaLa dxShTi SAlA vidyArthigaLa Odina kaDege haridare, I samasyeyannu bageharisalu heccu anukUlategaLu labhisabahudu.