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4. padarUpagaLa iTTaLa
4.1 munnOTa
padagaLannu sollugaLalli baLasuvAga avakke kelavu oTTugaLannu sErisi padarUpagaLannu unTumADikoLLabEkAguttade; I oTTugaLu sollu gaLalli baruva padagaLannu ondaroDanondu sambandisuttave, mattu kelavu heccina huruLugaLannU koDuttave. idallade, sollugaLannu nele goLisuva kelasavannU avu naDesuttave.
ettugegAgi, ondu padakanteyalli eraDu hesarupadagaLannu baLasa bEkiddalli, avugaLa naDuvina pattugeyEnu embudannu tiLisabEkAgu ttade: aNNana mane emba padakanteyalli aNNa mattu mane emba eraDu hesarupadagaLu bandiddu, ivugaLa naDuvina oDetanada pattuge yannu (n)a oTTu tiLisuttade.
idE rItiyalli, ondu sollinalli eraDu-mUru hesarupadagaLannu baLasabEkiddalli, avakkU sollina esakapadakkU naDuve entaha pattuge yide embudannu tiLisabEkAguttade: aNNa tangige ondu bombe koTTa emba sollinalli bombeyannu yAru yArige koTTaru embu dannu tiLisalu tangi padada baLika ge oTTannu baLasabEkAgide.
sollina koneyalli esakapadavannu baLasabEkiddalli, adakke mukyavAgi sollannu nelegoLisuva, endare adannu ADuganondige sambandisuva eraDu oTTugaLannu sErisabEkAguttade: nAnu manege hOguttEne emba sollinalli bandiruva hOgu esakapadakke utta mattu Ene emba eraDu oTTugaLannu sErisalAgide; ivugaLalli Ene embudu ‘hOguva kelasavannu naDesuvudu yAru (ADuga)’ embudannu tiLisu ttade, mattu utta embudu ‘I kelasavannu Atanu yAvAga naDesa liddAne (A sollannu ADiruva hottina baLika)’ embudannu tiLisuttade.
idallade, tiLisuva kelasada badalu kelavu bEre bageya kelasagaLannu sollugaLa mUlaka naDesabEkAdAga, avugaLalli baruva esakapadagaLige
kelavu bEreyE padarUpagaLannu koDabEkAguttade. ettugegAgi, nIvu manege hOgi emba sollina mUlaka kelavu janarige hOgalu appaNeyannu koDabEkAgide, mattu idakkAgi hOgu esakapadakke i oTTannu sErisi hELabEkAgide. I hOgi padarUpa mEle koTTiruva hOguttEne padarUpakkinta bErAgide embudannu gamanisabahudu.
sollugaLalli baLasuvudakkAgi entaha padarUpagaLella bEkAguttave, avannu unTumADuvudakkAgi entaha oTTugaLannu baLasabEkAguttade, I oTTugaLannu padagaLige sErisuvalli entaha sErikeya kaTTalegaLu baLakeyAguttave embantaha viSayagaLannu I pasugeyalli vivarisa lAgide. kannaDadalli tumbA heccu padarUpagaLiruvudu esakapadagaLige; hAgAgi, avugaLannu illi modalige ettikoLLalAgide; AmEle, hesaru pada, eNikepada, ADupada mattu tOrupadagaLigiruva padarUpagaLannu vivarisalAguttade.
4.1.1 sErikeya kaTTalegaLu
padarUpagaLannu unTumADuvudakkAgi avugaLige oTTugaLannu sErisi dAga, A padagaLalli mattu oTTugaLalli kelavu sErikeya mArpADugaLu naDeyuttave. I mArpADugaLu eraDanE pasugegaLalli (2.2ralli) vivarisiruva sErikeya mArpADugaLiginta kelavu viSayagaLalli bErAgive, mattu avugaLige horapaDikegaLu tumbA kaDime (himbottina oTTannu sErisuvalli mAtra halavAru horapaDikegaLu kANisikoLLuttave). hAgAgi, avannilli sErikeya kaTTalegaLu embudAgi kareyalAgide.
padarUpagaLalli mukyavAgi keLage koTTiruva mUru sErikeya mArpADugaLu naDeyuttave; ivugaLige kelavu horapaDikegaLU ive; avugaLalli mukyavAduvannu illi tiLisalAgide, mattu uLiduvannu munde padarUpagaLannu unTumADuva bage hEge embudannu vivarisu valli tiLisalAguvudu.
(1) ukAra bidduhOguvudu ukAradalli konegoLLuva padagaLa baLika tereyuliyalli modalAguva oTTu bandAga, padagaLa koneya ukAra bidduhOguttade. I mArpADu ellA bageya padagaLallU naDeyuttade. idannu ukArada
padarUpagaLa iTTaLa / 259 baLika a, i, u mattu O tereyuligaLu bandiruvalli kANabahudu. I mArpADannu tOrisuva oTTugaLannu keLage paTTimADalAgide:
(1) a tereyuli sEridAga: ad
annu
ali
alu
C
mADu+ad+a mADada aDagu+ad+a aDagada haNNannu haNNu+annu musukannu musuku+annu hOgali hOgu+ali tinnali tinnu+ali kELalu kELu+alu cellalu cellu+alu janara janaru+a
manegaLa manegaLu+a
(2) i tereyuli sEridAga:
E
ige
id
in
Ej
isu
hOgi koDi maddige nADige kaTTida
hOgu+i koDu+i
maddu+ige nADu+ige kaTTu+id+a mADu+id+aLu mADidaLu kADu+in+a haDagu+in+a hADu+iri horaDu+iri kaTTu+isu hOgu+isu
kADina haDagina hADiri horaDiri kaTTisu hOgisu
(3) u tereyuli sEridAga: utta
koDu+utta+Ane koDuttAne kaccu+utta+ade kaccuttade
uttA hOgu+uttA
tinnu+uttA
hOguttA tinnuttA
(4) O tereyuli sEridAga: Nt
hOgu+ONa hELu+ONa tinnu+ONa
hOgONa hELONa tinnONa
I mArpADige ondu mukyavAda horapaDikeyide: ukAradalli konegoLLuva hesarupadagaLalli eraDu ulikantegaLiddu, udda tereyuli illavE ottubarige illavAdare, antaha padagaLa koneya ukAra biddu hOguva badalu, avugaLa baLika vakAravondu sErikoLLuttade. hesaru padagaLondige baLakeyAguva annu mattu ige oTTugaLa baLakeyalli I horapaDikeyannu kANabahudu:
annu
ige
nagu+annu magu+annu magu+ige karu+ige
naguvannu maguvannu maguvige karuvige
esakapadagaLa baLakeyalli I horapaDikeyilla embudannu keLage
koTTiruva kelavu oTTugaLa baLakeyalli kANabahudu:
ad ali Ej
utta
koDu+ad+a iru+ali
biDu+iri
nagu+utta+Ane naguttAne
koDada irali biDiri
(2) yakAra bandu sEruvudu ikAra illavE ekAradalli konegoLLuva padagaLa baLika tereyuliyalli modalAguva oTTugaLu bandAga, padagaLa koneyalli yakAravondu sErikoLLuttade. I mArpADannu a, i, u, mattu O tereyuligaLalli modalAguva oTTugaLu bandiruvalli kANabahudu:
(1) a tereyuli sEridAga:
C
ad
Gj+C
mane+a
muri+ad+a bare+ad+a
uriya maneya muriyada bareyada
andi ajji+andi+aru ajjiyandiru
sose+andi+aru soseyandiru
annu ajji+annu mane+annu kuruDi+aru celuve+aru
aru
ajjiyannu maneyannu kuruDiyaru celuveyaru
padarUpagaLa iTTaLa / 261
ali
alu
kuDi+ali
bare+ali
kali+alu
naDe+alu
kuDiyali bareyali kaliyalu naDeyalu
(2) i tereyuli sEridAga: inda
Ej
bEli+inda kombe+inda duDi+iri
beLe+iri
bEliyinda kombeyinda duDiyiri beLeyiri
(3) u tereyuli sEridAga:
utta tiLi+utta+ade tiLiyuttade ode+utta+ade odeyuttade
uttA jagi+uttA
toLe+uttA
jagiyuttA toLeyuttA
(4) O tereyuliya baLika: Nt
kuDi+ONa
bare+ONa
kuDiyONa bareyONa
I mArpADige mukyavAgi id mattu isu oTTugaLu horapaDike gaLAgive: ikAra illavE ekAragaLalli konegoLLuva padagaLa baLika I oTTugaLu bandAga, yakAra sErikoLLuva badalu I oTTugaLa ikAra bidduhOguttade. Adare, id oTTina baLika tu oTTu bandideyAdare, adara ikAra uLidu d aLiyuttade, mattu intaha kaDegaLalli padagaLa baLika yakAra sErikoLLuttade. idannu keLagina ettugegaLalli kANabahudu:
isu
(1) ikAra bidduhOguvudu: kuDi+isu toLe+isu kuDi+id+a toLe+id+a
id
kuDisu toLesu kuDida toLeda
(2) ikAra uLidu yakAra sEruvudu:
id
kudi+id+tu taDe+id+tu
kudiyitu taDeyitu
(3) akAra bidduhOguvudu akAradalli konegoLLuva hesarupadagaLa mattu esakapadagaLa parice rUpada baLika tereyuliyalli modalAguva oTTugaLu sEridAga, pada gaLa koneya akAra bidduhOguttade. I mArpADu aru, ike, mattu udu oTTugaLa baLakeyalli mAtra kANisikoLLuttade:
aru
ike
udu
huDuga+aru kaLLa+aru
bIga+aru mADuva+ike koDuva+ike hOgada+ike mADuva+udu tinda+udu hOgada+udu
huDugaru kaLLaru bIgaru mADuvika koDuvike hOgadike mADuvudu tindudu hOgadudu
4.2 esakapadagaLa padarUpagaLu
esakapadagaLige entaha padarUpagaLella ive embudannu tiLisuva ondu paTTiyannu keLage koDalAgide; idakkAgi mADu emba esakapadavannu ArisikoLLalAgide.
esakapada: mADu
- Agisuva rUpagaLu mattu sErisuva rUpagaLu: Agisuva rUpa sErisuva rUpa
mADisu mADikoLLu
- konerUpagaLu:
ADuga kELuga heratu:
ganDugurta
heNNugurta
uLikegurta
tiLisuva rUpagaLu: mumbottu
OreNike
mADuttEne mADutti
mADuttAne mADuttALe mADuttade
halaveNike mADuttEve mADuttIri mADuttAre
mADuttave
padarUpagaLa iTTaLa / 263
ADuga kELuga heratu:
ganDugurta
heNNugurta
uLikegurta
tiLisuva rUpagaLu: himbottu
OreNike
mADide
mADidi
mADida
mADidaLu mADitu
halaveNike mADidevu mADidiri mADidaru
mADiduvu
(kelasa) mADisuva rUpagaLu
OreNike
halaveNike
ADuga kELuga heratu
mADali
mADu
mADONa mADi/mADiri
mADali
- naDurUpagaLu:
mumbottu himbottu
allagaLeta
paricerUpagaLu mADuva mADida mADada
jODisuva rUpagaLu
mAresaka
oDanesaka
modalesaka allagaLedesaka
mADalu mADutta mADi mADade
bEDikeya rUpa mADidare
hesarurUpagaLu-1
mumbottu himbottu
allagaLeta
mADuvudu mADidudu mADadudu
nanasu allagaLeta
hesarurUpagaLu-2 mADuvike mADadike
4.3 Agisuva mattu sErisuva rUpagaLu
esakapadagaLige isu oTTannu sErisi avugaLa Agisuva rUpavannu paDeyalAguttade, mattu esakapadagaLa modalesakada jODisuva rUpa gaLige koLLu embudannu sErisi sErisuva rUpagaLannu paDeyalAgu ttade.
I eraDu bageya holabugaLa mUlakavU bEre esakapadagaLa jAgadalli baLakeyAgaballa padagaLannE unTumADalAguttade; hAgAgi, ondu rItiyalli ivu mUranE pasugeyalli tiLisabEkAda viSaya gaLendU hELabahudu. Adare, I holabugaLa mUlaka unTAguva esakapadagaLu halavu viSayagaLalli padarUpagaLa hAge kANisuvuvAda kAraNa, avannu I pasugeyalli koDalAgide:
mUraneya pasugeyalli vivarisida hAge, padagaLannu unTumADu valli baLakeyAguva oTTugaLa kuritAgi kaTTuniTTAda kaTTalegaLannu koDalu baruvudilla; mattu, avugaLa ellA baLakegaLigU hondike yAguvantaha huruLugaLannU koDalu baruvudilla.
idallade, avu kelavE kelavu esakapadagaLondige mAtra baruttave, mattu avugaLa baLakeyalli kANisikoLLuva sErikeya mArpADugaLu bariya olavugaLAgiruttavallade kaTTalegaLalla; avakke halavAru hora paDikegaLiruttave; I ellA kAraNagaLigAgi, antaha oTTugaLinda unTu mADiruva padagaLellavannU padanerakegaLalli koDabEkAguttade.
isu mattu koLLu embavugaLu I ellA viSayagaLallU pada gaLannu unTumADuvalli baLakeyAguva oTTugaLinda bErAgive: avannu heccukaDime ellA esakapadagaLondigU baLasalu baruttade, avugaLa baLakeyalli kANisikoLLuva sErikeya mArpADugaLannu kaTTalegaLa mUlaka vivarisabahudu; yAkendare, avakke kelavE kelavu horapaDikegaLu mAtra ive.
idallade, I eraDu oTTugaLige avugaLa ellA baLakegaLallU heccu kaDime ondE bageya huruLannu koDalu baruttade. hAgAgi, avannu baLasi unTumADaballa esakapadagaLannu padanerakegaLalli koDabEkAguvu dilla. I kAraNakkAgi, avannilli esakapadagaLa padarUpagaLendu kareya lAgide.
padarUpagaLa iTTaLa / 265
4.3.1 Agisuva rUpagaLu
esakapadagaLige isu oTTannu sErisi Agisuva rUpagaLannu paDeya lAguttade. ettugegAgi, mADu esakapadakke isu oTTannu sErisi mADisu emba padarUpavannu paDeyabahudu; I padarUpakke ondu kelasavannu innobbaninda Agisuva illavE mADisuva huruLide. idara baLakege bEre kelavu ettugegaLannu keLage koDalAgide:
nagisu nagu iLisu iLi meresu
mere anju anjisu
kaTTu Agu naDugu naDugisu
kaTTisu Agisu
biDisu kuNisu ogesu
biDu kuNi oge tumbu tumbisu tiddu tiddisu ADu ADisu malagu malagisu
heccina esakapadagaLigU I rIti isu oTTannu sErisi Agisuva rUpa gaLannu paDeyabahudu. Agisalu bAradantaha kelasavannu tiLisuva kelavE kelavu esakapadagaLu mAtra idakke horapaDikegaLAgi kANisabahudu. ettugegAgi, namma hatOTige sigada hAge naDeyuvantaha kelavu esaka gaLannu tiLisuva kemmu, uLuku, sInu, tEgu modalAda padagaLu, manassina stitiyannu tiLisuva hEsu, rOsu, marugu, oggu modalAda padagaLu, mattu prakrutiyalli naDeyuva kelavu esakagaLannu tiLisuva mincu, guDugu, jinugu, kandu modalAda padagaLu sAmAnyavAgi I oTTinondige baLakeyAguvudilla.
Adare, nijakkU I esakapadagaLannu isu oTTina baLakege horapaDike gaLendu tiLiyabEkAgilla; yAkendare, intaha padagaLondigU adannu baLasabEkAguvantaha sandarbagaLannu nAvu kalpisikoLLaballevu. ettuge gAgi, dEvaru guDugannu guDugisabahudu, mattu mantravAdi yobba huDuganannu kemmisabahudu, illave sInisabahudu. hAgAgi, ivu baLakeya horapaDikegaLallade sollarimeya horapaDikegaLalla.
‘isu oTTinalli konegoLLuva esakapadagaLige innomme isu oTTannu sErisalu baruvudilla’ emba kaTTaleyondiddu, idu isu oTTina baLakege innondu bageya horapaDikegaLannodagisuttade. Adare, ondu bAri isu oTTannu sErisiruva esakapadagaLigEnE adannu eraDu
bAri sErisi paDeyabahudAda esakapadagaLa huruLU doreyuttade. ettugegAgi, keLagina sollugaLalli bandiruva ODu mattu ODisu pada gaLa baLakeyannu gamanisabahudu:
nAyi ODitu.
(1ka) (1ca) huDuga nAyiyannu ODisida. (1Ta) Ake huDugana kayyalli nAyiyannu ODisidaLu.
ODu esakapada (1ka)dalli ondu mADuvikeyannu tiLisuttade; (1ca) dalli adakke isu oTTannu sErisalAgiddu, adondu mADisuvikeyannu tiLisuttade; (1Ta)dalli adakke bErondu isu oTTannu sErisadiddarU, hAge sErisidalli sigabahudAda huruLannu adu koDuttide. (1ca) tiLisuva ODisuva esakakkU (1Ta) tiLisuva ODisuva esakakkU naDuve vyatyAsavide embudannu gamanisabahudu.
kelavu esakapadagaLu isu oTTannu sErisadiddarU Agisuva huruLannu koDaballuvu; endare, ivakke Aguvike mattu mADuvike emba I eraDu huruLugaLallU baLakeyide. ettugegAgi, tere pada vannu baLasiruva keLagina eraDu sollugaLannu gamanisabahudu:
(2ka) bAgilu tereyitu. (2ca) Ata bAgilu tereda.
(2ka) sollinalli tere pada ondu Aguvikeyannu tiLisuttade, mattu (2ca) sollinalli adE pada ondu mADuvikeyannu tiLisuttade. kannaDa dalli I rIti yAva oTTannU sErisade Aguvike mattu mADuvike gaLemba eraDu huruLugaLannU koDaballa heccu kaDime nUru esaka padagaLive; avugaLalli kelavannu keLage koDalAgide:
Er kare callu tIDu bigi biccu sigi
oDe kaLe cuccu kELu kalaku muri muccu bIsu hari
hiDi
anTu ottu oppu ADu kukku taLe tAgu
naDe kaccu cAcu jAru
kavucu kaLacu naDe
kedaru basi beLe nillu baggu magucu maDacu suDu haraDu sundu sILu
padarUpagaLa iTTaLa / 267 intaha esakapadagaLige isu oTTannu sErisidAga, heccineDegaLallU adu avugaLa eraDanE (mADuvikeya) huruLinalli sErikoLLuttade. ettugegAgi, teresida embudakke mADisuvikeya huruLide.
Adare, kelavu padagaLalli adu modalaneya (Aguvikeya) huruLi nallU sEraballudu. ettugegAgi, kuluku pada Aguvike mattu mADuvikegaLemba eraDu huruLugaLallU baLakeyAguttade; adakke isu oTTannu sErisi paDeda kulukisu padakke Agisuva (endare mADuvikeya) huruLide. ettugegAgi, keLage koTTiruva eraDu sollugaLU ondE huruLinalli baLakeyAguttave:
(3ka) Ata gellannu kulukuttiddAne. (3ca) Ata gellannu kulukisuttiddAne.
esakapadagaLige I oTTannu sErisidAga, mEle 4.1.1(1)ralli vivarisida ukAra bidduhOguva sErikeya mArpADu naDeyuttade (mADu-mADisu, iru-irisu); Adare, 4.1.1(2)ralli vivarisida ikAra mattu ekAragaLalli konegoLLuva padagaLa baLika yakAra bandu sEruva mArpADu naDeyuvudilla; idakke badalu, isu oTTina ikAra bidduhOguttade (kuDi-kuDisu, naDe-naDesu).
4.3.2 sErisuva rUpagaLu
esakapadagaLa modalesakada jODisuva rUpakke (4.7.2 nODi) koLLu padavannu sErisi, avu tiLisuva esakavannu Aguga tAnAgi naDeside, illavE mADuga tanagAgi naDesiddAne emba huruLannu paDeyuva holabu eraDaneyadu (oDe-oDedukoLLu, uruLu-uruLikoLLu, mADu-mADikoLLu, tinnu-tindukoLLu, kaTTu-kaTTikoLLu).
koLLu padavannu baLasidAga, esakapadakkidda eraDu pAngugaLu obbanE vyaktiyalli illavE ondE vastuvinalli sErikoLLuttave. ettuge gAgi, keLage koTTiruva eraDu sollugaLannu gamanisabahudu:
(4ka) avaru makkaLige bALEhaNNugaLannu hancidaru. (4ca) avaru bALEhaNNugaLannu hancikonDaru.
(4ka) sollinalli ‘bALEhaNNugaLannu hancidavaru’ mattu ‘avannu paDedavaru’ bEre bEre vyaktigaLu (avaru, makkaLu); Adare (4ca) sollinalli bALEhaNNugaLannu hancuva vyaktigaLE (avaru) avannu paDe yuva vyaktigaLAgiddAre. (4ca)dalli hancu esakapadadondige koLLu padavannU baLasiruvudarindAgi adaralli I rIti eraDu pAngugaLu (mADuga mattu IDu) oTTusErive.
esakapadakke koLLu padavannu sErisidAga adara eraDu pAngugaLu I rIti oTTu sEruttaveyAda kAraNa, I padarUpagaLannu sErisuva rUpagaLu embudAgi illi hesarisalAgide.
I padarUpagaLalli baruva modalesakada oTTige esakapadavannu koLLu padadondige sErisuva kelasa mAtra ideyallade, eraDu esaka gaLalli ondu innondara baLika naDeyuttade emba hottina huruLannu koDuva kelasavilla; yAkendare, illi koLLu pada bErondu (eraDaneya) esakavannu tiLisuvudakkAgi baLakeyAgilla.
5.2.1ralli vivarisidantaha isu oTTinalli konegoLLuva padarUpa gaLa baLikavU koLLu embudu baraballudu (uruLisu-uruLisi koLLu, mADisu-mADisikoLLu).
Aguvikeyannu tiLisuva esakapadagaLondige koLLu padavannu baLasi dAga, avu tiLisuva esaka tAnAgi (bErobbara neravillade) naDedide yemba huruLu dorakuttade. idannu keLage koTTiruva sollugaLalli kANabahudu:
(5ka) marada gellu muriyitu. (5ca) marada gellu muridukonDitu.
(5ka) sollige ‘marada gellannu yArO murididdAre’ emba huruLU sigaballudu; Adare, (5ca) sollige ‘adu tAnAgi muri yitu’ emba huruLu mAtra ide. illiyU yArO embudu tiLisa balla pAngu, koLLu padavannu esakapadakke sErisidAga, mara pAngi nondige sErihOguttade embudAgi hELaballevu.
padarUpagaLa iTTaLa / 269
4.4 konerUpagaLu
esakapadagaLige konerUpagaLu mattu naDurUpagaLu embudAgi bEre eraDu bageya padarUpagaLiruttave; mEle vivarisidantaha Agisuva mattu sErisuva rUpagaLigU intaha konerUpagaLu mattu naDurUpa gaLu ive. konerUpagaLu sollina koneyalli baLakeyAguttave, mattu naDurUpagaLu sollina naDuve baLakeyAguttave.
ettugegAgi, huDuga manege hOgi UTa mADida emba solli nalli hOgi emba naDurUpa (jODisuva rUpa) sollina naDuve bandide mattu mADida emba konerUpa sollina koneyalli bandide. konerUpagaLalli tiLisuvarUpagaLu mattu (kelasa)mADisuva rUpagaLu embudAgi eraDu bageya rUpagaLive; ivugaLalli tiLisuva rUpagaLannu ondu iruha illavE esakavannu tiLisuvantaha sollu gaLalli baLasalAguttade, mattu kelasamADisuva rUpagaLannu ondu kelasavannu kELuganinda illavE bErobba(heratu)ninda mADisuvantaha sollugaLalli baLasalAguttade.
tiLisuva konerUpagaLalli esakagaLannu nelegoLisuvudakkAgi esakada hottannu tiLisuva ondu hottina oTTu baruttade, mattu adara baLika AguhagaLa Agugavannu, mADuhagaLa mADugavannu, mattu AgisuhagaLa Agisugavannu aDakavAgi tiLisuvudakkAgi gurutina oTTu baruttade.
ettugegAgi, hADuttALe emba padarUpadalli hADu emba esaka padada baLika utta emba hottina oTTu bandiddu, ‘esakada hottu A esakarUpavannu ADiruva hottina baLikaddu’ embudAgi adu tiLisu ttade; mattu adara baLika ALe emba gurutina oTTu bandiddu, ‘A esakada mADuga obba hengasu (illavE huDugi)’ embudannu adu aDakavAgi tiLisuttade.
idakke badalu, kelasamADisuva rUpagaLalli yAva oTTU bAradira bahudu, illavE eNikeyannu sUcisuva oTTAgali, gurutina oTTAgali barabahudu. ettugegAgi, obba kELuganinda kelasavannu mADisuvalli baLakeyAguva hOgu padarUpadalli hOgu esakapada yAva oTTi nondigU sErade bandide; ibbaru illavE heccu mandi kELugarinda kelasamADisuva hOgi padarUpadalli i emba eNikeya oTTu bandide; bErobbaninda kelasamADisuva hOgali padarUpadalli ‘kelasa
mADabEkAdavanu kELuganalla, bErobba’ embudannu tiLisuva ali emba gurutina oTTu bandide.
4.5 konerUpagaLa iTTaLa: tiLisuva rUpagaLu
mEle tiLisida hAge, esakapadagaLa konerUpagaLalli tiLisuva rUpagaLu mattu kelasa mADisuva rUpagaLu embudAgi eraDu bage rUpa gaLiddu, avugaLalli tiLisuva rUpagaLannu paDeyuva bage hEge embu dannu keLage vivarisalAgide.
idakkAgi esakapadagaLige hottina oTTu mattu gurutina oTTu embudAgi eraDu bageya oTTugaLannu sErisabEkAguttade. ivugaLalli esakada hottannu tiLisuva mumbottu mattu himbottu emba eraDu bageya oTTugaLannu sErisuva bage hEge embudannu modalige vivarisa lAgide, mattu esakagaLa Aguga, mADuga illavE Agisugavannu tiLisuva gurutina oTTannu sErisuva bage hEge embudannu AmEle vivarisa lAgide.
4.5.1 esakada hottu
kannaDada Aguha mattu mADuhagaLannu tiLisuva esaka padagaLondige mumbottu mattu himbottu embudAgi eraDu bageya hottu gaLannu tiLisuva oTTugaLu baruttave. ivugaLalli mumbottina oTTu ‘esakagaLa hottu avannu tiLisuva sollannu ADuva hottina baLikaddu’ embudannu tiLisuttade, mattu himbottina oTTu ‘esakagaLa hottu ADuva hottiginta hindinadu’ embudannu tiLisuttade.
ettugegAgi, hADuttALe emba esakapadarUpadalli mumbottina utta oTTu bandide, mattu adu huDugi yAvAga hADuttALe embu dannu tiLisuttade: ‘huDugi hADuttALe emba sollannu ADiruva hottina baLika Ake hADuttALe’ embudAgi adu tiLisuttade; hADidaLu embudaralli himbottina id oTTu bandide, mattu adU kUDa huDugi yAvAga hADuttALe embudannE tiLisuttade: ‘huDugi hADidaLu emba sollannu ADiruva hottiginta modalEnE Ake hADiddALe’ embudAgi adu tiLisuttade. hIge, I eraDu hottina
padarUpagaLa iTTaLa / 271
oTTugaLU ADuganu tiLisuva esakada hottannu Atana hottige (endare Atanu A esakapadaviruva sollannu ADiruva hottige) hondisuva mUlaka, adannu nelegoLisuttave.
ondu sollannu ADuva hottinallEnE adu tiLisuva esakavU naDeyuttide embudAgi hELabEkiddalli, A esaka tusu hottu naDeyuvantahadAgirabEkAguttade. kannaDadalli idakkAgi hADuttiddALe embantaha esakapadakanteyannu baLasabEkAguttade.
esakapadagaLa
mumbottina konerUpavannu unTumADuvalli oTTigU himbottina oTTigU naDuve ondu mukyavAda vyatyAsa ide; mumbottina oTTu ellA bageya esakapadagaLondigU heccu kaDime ondE rUpadalli baruttade; adannu sErisidAga esakapadagaLallU heccina mArpADugaLEnU naDeyuvudilla. hAgAgi, I padarUpagaLa iTTaLa vannu tumbA suLuvAgi vivarisaballevu.
Adare, himbottina oTTannu esakapadagaLige sErisidAga A oTTina rUpadalli mattu esakapadagaLa rUpadalli halavu bageya mArpADugaLu naDeyuttave. adara baLika baruva gurutina oTTugaLallU halavu bageya mArpADugaLu naDeyuttave. hAgAgi, himbottina padarUpagaLa iTTaLa vannu tiLidukoLLuvudu tusu toDakina kelasa.
4.5.2 mumbottina oTTu
mumbottannu tiLisuva utta oTTige ellA kaDegaLallU ondE rUpa vide. Adare, I oTTu sEruvAga, mEle 4.1.1(1)ralli vivarisidante, ukAradalli konegoLLuva esaka padagaLa ukAra bidduhOguttade; mattu 4.1.1(2)ralli vivarisidante, ekAra illavE ikAragaLalli kone goLLuva esakapadagaLa munde yakAravondu sErikoLLuttade. I eraDu sErikeya mArpADugaLige kelavu ettugegaLannu keLage koDalAgide:
(1) ukAradalli konegoLLuva esakapadagaLa koneya ukAra biddu hOguvudu:
naDugu
tUgu nambu
naDuguttAne (naDug-utta-Ane) tUguttAne (tUg-utta-Ane) nambuttAne (namb-utta-Ane)
kaTTu biDu
kaTTuttAne (kaTTa-utta-Ane) biDuttAne (biD-utta-Ane)
(2) ekAra mattu ikAragaLalli konegoLLuva esakapadagaLa munde
yakAra sErikoLLuvudu:
bare naDe kuDi holi
bareyuttAne (barey-utta-Ane) naDeyuttAne (naDey-utta-Ane) kuDiyuttAne (kuDiy-utta-Ane) holiyuttAne (holiy-utta-Ane)
utta oTTannu sErisiruva I padarUpagaLannu kelavu kaDegaLalli mumbottina badalu baLakeya hottannu tiLisuva huruLinallU baLasa lAguttade. idannu keLage koTTiruva sollugaLalli kANabahudu:
(6ka) avaru ivattu enTu ganTege angaDi tereyuttAre. (6ca) avaru dinAlU enTu ganTege angaDi tereyuttAre.
(6ka) sollu adannu ADiruva hottina baLika naDeyuvantaha esaka vondannu tiLisuttade; idakke badalu, (6ca) sollu adannu ADiruva hottiginta modalu mattu AmElU naDeyuvantaha baLakeyalliruva esakavondannu tiLisuttade embudannu gamanisabahudu. (6ca) solli nalli bandiruva dinAlU pada adakke I eraDaneya huruLu baruva hAge mADuttade. keLage koTTiruva sollugaLallU intaha baLakeya hottannu tiLisuvudakkAgi utta oTTannu baLasalAgide.
(7ka) mUrakke nAlku sErisidare ELAguttade. (7ca) Atanannu kanDAgalella I nAyi bogaLuttade. (7Ta) I makkaLu kannaDa SAlege hOguttAre.
4.5.3 himbottina oTTu
himbottannu tiLisuva id oTTinalli adara modaliruva esaka pada vannavalambisi, mattu adara baLika baruva gurutina oTTannavalambisi, halavu mArpADugaLu naDeyuttave. adara modaliruva esakapada gaLallU halavu mArpADugaLu naDeyuttave. ivugaLalli kelavannu mukya
padarUpagaLa iTTaLa / 273
mArpADugaLendu kareyabahudu, mattu uLidavugaLannu avakkiruva horapaDikegaLendu kareyabahudu.
ukAradalli konegoLLuva esaka padagaLondige mAtra I oTTu id emba rUpadalli baruttade. idu sEridAga, mEle 4.1.1(1)ralli vivarisidante, I esakapadagaLa koneya ukAra bidduhOguttade. idakke kelavu ettugegaLannu keLage koDalAgide:
naDugu
mADu
harasu kaTTu
naDugida (naDug-id-a < naDugu-id-a) mADida (mAD-id-a < mADu-id-a) harasida (haras-id-a < harasu-id-a) kaTTida (kaTTa-id-a < kaTTu-id-a)
mEle koTTiruva esaka padarUpagaLalli id emba himbottannu tiLisuva oTTina baLika a emba gurutina oTTu (4.5.7 nODi) bandide embudannu gamanisabahudu.
bEre gurutina oTTugaLu bandAgalU ivE mArpADugaLu naDeyu
ttave embudannu keLage koTTiruva paTTiyalli kANabahudu:
mADide (mAD-id-e) ‘nAnu mADide’ mADidevu (mAD-id-evu) ‘nAvu mADidevu’ mADidi (mAD-id-i) ‘nInu mADidi’ mADidiri (mAD-id-iri) ‘nIvu mADidiri’ mADida (mAD-id-a) ‘avanu mADida’ mADidaLu (mAD-id-aLu) ‘avaLu mADidaLu’ mADidaru (mAD-id-aru) ‘avaru mADidaru’ mADiduvu (mAD-id-uvu) ‘avu mADiduvu’
Adare, ‘adu mADitu’ emba huruLannu koDuva mADitu (mAD-i-tu) embantaha padarUpagaLalli mAtra bEre tarada mArpADugaLu naDeyuttave: alli himbottina id oTTu i rUpadalli baruttade (adara dakAra bidduhOguttade), mattu adara baLika tu emba gurutina oTTu baruttade. idakke bEre kelavu ettugegaLannu keLage koDalAgide:
naDugu
tElu
naDugitu (naDug-i-tu < naDugu-id-tu) tElitu (tEl-i-tu < tElu-id-tu)
tumbu
kaTTu
tumbitu (tumb-i-tu < tumbu-id-tu) kaTTitu (kaTTa-i-tu < kaTTu-id-tu)
ekAra mattu ikAragaLalli konegoLLuva esakapadagaLondige himbottina id oTTu d rUpadalli baruttade (endare, adara ikAra bidduhOguttade); idu 4.1.1(2)ralli koTTiruva sErikeya kaTTalege horapaDikeyAgide:
kare bare kuDi kuNi
kareda (kare-d-a < kare-id-a) bareda (bare-d-a < bare-id-a) kuDida (kuDi-d-a <kuDi-id-a) kuNida (kuNi-d-a < kuNi-id-a)
I padarUpagaLalli bEre gurutina oTTugaLu bandAgalU ivE mArpADugaLu naDeyuttaveyembudannu keLage koTTiruva ettugegaLalli kANabahudu:
kuDide (kuDi-d-e) kuDidevu (kuDi-d-evu) kuDidi (kuDi-d-i) kuDidiri (kuDi-d-iri)
kuDida (kuDi-d-a) kuDidaLu (kuDi-d-aLu) kuDidaru (kuDi-d-aru)
kuDiduvu (kuDi-d-uvu)
barede (bare-d-e) baredevu (bare-d-evu) baredi (bare-d-i) barediri (bare-d-iri) bareda (bare-d-a) baredaLu (bare-d-aLu) baredaru (bare-d-aru) bareduvu (bare-d-uvu)
illU kUDa, ‘adu kuDiyitu’ mattu ‘adu bareyitu’ emba huruLugaLannu koDuva kuDiyitu mattu bareyitu embantaha rUpa gaLu bEre bageya mArpADugaLannu tOrisuttave: esakapadada baLika y embudu sErikoLLuttade (4.1.1(2)ra sErikeya kaTTaleyante), mattu himbottannu tiLisuva id oTTina d bidduhOguttade.
kudi tiLi kuDi oDe eLe bare
kudiyitu (kudiy-i-tu <kudi-id-tu) tiLiyitu (tiLiy-i-tu < tiLi-id-tu) kuDiyitu (kuDiy-i-tu < kuDi-id-tu) oDeyitu (oDey-i-tu < oDe-id-tu) eLeyitu (eLey-i-tu < eLe-id-tu) bareyitu (barey-i-tu < bare-id-tu)
padarUpagaLa iTTaLa / 275 kuDida, kuNida modalAda ikAradalli konegoLLuva esakapadagaLa himbottina rUpagaLalli entaha sErikeya mArpADu naDedide embu dannu vivarisuvalli eraDu dArigaLive: (ka) ekAradalli konegoLLuva hAge, avugaLa koneya tereyuli (ikAra) uLidu, himbottina id oTTu tanna ikAravannu kaLedukoLLuttade ennuvudu ondu dAri; mattu (ca) ukAradalli konegoLLuva padagaLa hAge, avugaLa koneya tere yuli (ikAra) bidduhOgi, himbottina id oTTu badalAgade uLi yuttade ennuvudu innondu dAri.
I eraDu dArigaLalli modalaneyadannu illi ArisikoLLalAgide; yAkendare, bEre halavu kaDegaLalli ikAra mattu ekAradalli kone goLLuva padagaLu heccukaDime ondE bageya sErikeya mArpADugaLige oLagAguttave, mattu ukAradalli konegoLLuva padagaLu avakkinta bErAgiruva mArpADugaLige oLagAguttave.
4.5.4 horapaDikegaLu
kannaDada heccina esakapadagaLigU avugaLa himbottina padarUpagaLannu mEle vivarisida hAge unTumADalAguttade; Adare, heccukaDime nUru esakapadagaLu idakke horapaDikegaLAgi kANisikoLLuttave. avu gaLalli, mattu avugaLa munde baruva himbottina oTTinalli entaha mArpADugaLu naDeyuttave embudannu keLage vivarisalAgide:
(1) ukAradalli konegoLLuva esakapadagaLu
ukAradalli konegoLLuva esakapadagaLannu keLage vivarisida hAge gumpu gUDisidalli, avugaLa himbottina rUpagaLalli entaha mArpADugaLu naDeyuttave embudannu vivarisuva kelasa suLuvAguttade.
(1) eraDu barigekantegaLiddu, immaDi mucculiyAgali udda tere yuliyAgali illadiruva nagu, migu, koDu, baru, taru modalAda padagaLu;
(2) eraDu barigekantegaLiddu, modalaneya tereyuliya baLika immaDi mucculi bandiruva annu, tinnu, nillu, gellu, koyyu, bayyu modalAda padagaLu, mattu koLLu padavannu sErisi unTu
mADiruva tindukoLLu, iTTukoLLu, uLidukoLLu modalAda sErisuva padarUpagaLu (4.3.2 nODi);
(3) eraDu barigekantegaLiddu, modalaneya barigekanteyalli udda tereyuli bandiruva Agu, hOgu, kANu, kAyu, sAyu, ELu, bILu modalAda padagaLu; mattu
(4) mUru barigekantegaLiruva tirugu, huDuku, horaDu, bayasu, koragu, uduru modalAda padagaLu, mattu Asaru, bEsaru, tepparu emba padagaLu.
I nAlku gumpugaLalli sEruva esakapadagaLu mAtravallade, bEreyU halavu ukAradalli konegoLLuva esakapadagaLu kannaDadallive; Adare, avugaLalli yAvuvU mEle 4.5.3ralli koTTiruva mArpADu gaLige horapaDikegaLAguvudilla:
(ka) eraDu barigekantegaLiddu, eraDanE barigekanteyalli taDeyuli yiruva, mattu adakkinta modalu ondu sonne (mUguli)yiruva sonku, tangu, mincu, anju, kontu, nondu, anTu, hinDu, tumbu modalAda ukAradalli konegoLLuva 55 esakapadagaLive; ivellavU 4.5.3ra mArpADugaLige oLapaTTiruttave; avugaLalli hora paDikegaLilla. idakke kelavu ettugegaLannu keLage koDalAgide:
anju-anjida (anj-id-a) anTu-anTitu (anT-i-tu) hancu-hancida (hanc-id-a) sunDu-sunDitu (sunD-i-tu) tangu-tangida (tang-id-a) sundu-sundida (sund-id-a) kontu-kontitu (kont-i-tu) nambu-nambida (namb-id-a) tumbu-tumbitu (tumb-i-tu)
tenku-tenkitu (tenk-i-tu)
(ca) isu oTTinalli konegoLLuva nUrAru esakapadagaLu kannaDa dalli baLakeyallive; mEle 3.2.1(1)ralli vivarisida hAge, I esaka padagaLannu hesarupadagaLige, paricepadagaLige, mattu kelavu esakapadagaLige isu oTTannu sErisi paDeyalAgide; idallade, mEle 4.3.1ralli vivarisida hAge, isu oTTannu sErisi kannaDadalli halavAru Agisuva paDeyapaDeyabahudAgiddu, avugaLa baLikavU esakarUpagaLannU hottina oTTugaLannu mattu ADuga oTTugaLannu baLasalAguttade.
padarUpagaLa iTTaLa / 277
ukAradalli konegoLLuva I ellA esakapada mattu padarUpagaLU mEle 4.5.3ralli koTTiruva mArpADugaLige oLapaDuttave; avakke horapaDikegaLilla. idakke kelavu ettugegaLannu keLage koDalAgide:
abbarisu-abbarisida (abbaris-id-a) genTisu-genTisitu (genTis-i-tu) ettarisu-ettariside (ettaris-id-e) idirisu-idirisitu (idiris-i-tu) tinnisu-tinnisida (tinnis-id-a) racisu-racisidaru (racis-id-aru) taLamaLisu-taLamaLisida (taLamaLis-id-a) nenavarisu-nenavarisida (nenavaris-id-a)
ODisu-ODisitu (ODis-i-tu) calisu-calisitu (calis-i-tu)
4.5.3ralli koTTiruva mArpADugaLige horapaDikegaLAgiruva ukAra dalli konegoLLuva esakapadagaLannu mEle nAlku gumpugaLalli koDa lAgittu; I gumpugaLalli baruva esakapadagaLu entaha mArpADugaLige oLagAguttave, mattu avugaLa baLika himbottina oTTige entaha rUpa gaLive embudannu keLage vivarisalAgide:
(1) eraDu barigekantegaLiddu, immaDi mucculiyAgali, udda
tereyuliyAgali illadiruva esaka padagaLu:
I gumpige sEruva 39 esakapadagaLiddu, avugaLalli ellavU mElina (4.5.3ra) mArpADugaLige horapaDikegaLAgive. ivugaLa eraDanE barigekanteyalli g, D, s, r, L mattu v emba mucculi gaLu mAtra baraballuvu; himbottina oTTu sEridAga, ivugaLa koneya u bidduhOguttade, mattu adara hindiruva mucculigaLu keLage koTTiruvantaha mArpADugaLannu tOrisuttave; idallade, himbottina id oTTina ikAravU bidduhOguttade, mattu adara dakAra I mArpADAda mucculiya rUpavannE paDeyuttade (nagu-id-a> nak-k-a).
himbottina oTTige tu gurutina oTTannu sErisidAga, adara baLika
ikAra sErikoLLuttade (nagu-id-tu>nak-ki-tu).
eraDanE barigekanteyalli baruva mucculiya mArpADugaLu: g>k
nagu-nakka
ogu-okkitu koDu-koTTa
nak-k-a ok-ki-tu koT-T-a
D>T
s>c r>t L>t
v-p
suT-Ti-tu suDu-suTTitu ec-c-a esu-ecca tet-t-a teru-tetta aLu-atta at-t-a uLu-uttitu ut-ti-tu tap-pi-tu tavu-tappitu
I mArpADugaLannu tOrisuva esakapadagaLa paTTiyannu keLage koDa lAgide; ivugaLalli ugu-okkitu mattu hugu-hokka embavugaLalli esakapadada modalanE ukAra okAravAgide (I esakapadakke hogu emba rUpavU ide), mattu kiru ‘kUDihAku’ -ketta, giru ‘nenasu’ - getta, tiru ‘badalAyisu’ - tetta embavugaLalli esakapadada ikAra ekAravAgide embudannu gamanisabahudu. idallade, tagu esakapadakke himbottinalli takka emba pattugeya rUpa mAtra baLakeyallide.
(1) gakArada padagaLu: ogu-okkitu ugu-ukkitu migu-mikkitu sigu-sikkitu
tagu-takka
hugu-hokka
nagu-nakka hogu-hokka
(2) DakArada padagaLu: aDu-aTTa koDu-koTTa toDu-toTTa biDu-biTTa
maDu-maTTa
iDu-iTTa
uDu-uTTa paDu-paTTa (oLapaDu-oLapaTTitu) suDu-suTTa
naDu-naTTa
keDu-keTTa
(3) sakArada padagaLu: esu-ecca
pasu-pacca
(4) rakArada padagaLu: uru-utta eru-etta keru-ketta
kiru-ketta heru-hettaLu teru-tetta
(5) LakArada padagaLu: aLu-atta uLu-utta
(6) vakArada pada: tavu-tappitu
giru-getta
horu-hotta
taru-tatta tiru-tetta
padarUpagaLa iTTaLa / 279 iru-idda, taru-tanda, mattu baru-banda embavugaLu mEle koTTiruva horapaDikeya kaTTalegaLigU horapaDikegaLAgive: iru embudara rakAra dakAravAguttade, mattu adara baLika himbottina oTTige d emba rUpa ide; taru mattu baru embavugaLa rakAra nakAra (sonne)vAguttade, mattu avugaLa baLikavU himbottina oTTige d emba rUpavE ide.
idallade, I himbottina rUpagaLalli gurutisuva tu oTTu bandAga, iru embudara rakAra takAravAguttade, mattu I mUrara baLikavU himbottina oTTu sonne rUpadalli baruttade: ittu (it- tu), tantu (tan-tu), bantu (ban-tu).
aru ‘konegoLLu’ - aratitu mattu karu ‘guriyiDu’ - karutta embavugaLU mElina horapaDikege horapaDikegaLu; avugaLalli modala neyadara ukAra akAravAguttade, mattu himbottina oTTige adara baLika ti emba rUpavide (ara-ti-tu); eraDaneyadara ukAra uLi diddu, adara baLika himbottina oTTige tta emba rUpavide: karutta (karu-tta-a).
(2) eraDu barigekantegaLiddu, modalaneya tereyuliya baLika
immaDi mucculi bandiruva esakapadagaLu:
I bageya 155 padagaLu paTTiyalliddu, avugaLalli heccinavU mEle 4.5.3ralli koTTiruva sErikeya mArpADugaLige oLagAgiruttave. (ka) immaDi mucculiyAgi taDeyuli bandiruva 118 esakapada gaLiddu, avellavU mElina 4.5.3ra mArpADugaLige oLagAgiruttave; antaha esakapadagaLa kelavu padarUpagaLannu keLage ettugeyAgi koDa lAgide:
ikku-ikkidaLu (ikka-id-aLu) nuggu-nuggida (nugga-id-a) koccu-koccide (kocca-id-e) jajju-jajjidaru (jajja-id-aru) ujju-ujjitu (ujja-i-tu) meTTu-meTTitu (meTTa-i-tu) kaTTu-kaTTida (kaTTa-id-a) oDDu-oDDitu (oDDa-i-tu) oDDu-oDDida (oDDa-id-a) hattu-hattitu (hatta-i-tu) bittu-bittida (bitta-id-a)
ukku-ukkitu (ukka-i-tu) baggu-baggitu (bagga-i-tu) cuccu-cuccitu (cucca-i-tu)
tiddu-tiddida (tidda-id-a) oppu-oppidevu (oppa-id-evu) rubbu-rubbida (rubba-id-a)
uddu-udditu (udda-i-tu) tappu-tappitu (tappa-i-tu) habbu-habbitu (habba-i-tu
(ca) immaDi mucculiyAgi n bandiruva annu, ennu, unnu mattu tinnu emba padagaLu am, em, um mattu tim emba rUpakke badalAguttave; mattu avugaLa baLika himbottina oTTu d rUpadalli baruttade (anda (am-d-a), enda, unda, tinda).
(Ta) immaDi mucculiyAgi N bandiruva uNNu pada um emba rUpavannu taLeyuttade; adara baLika himbottina oTTige D rUpa ide (unDa (um-D-a). Adare, mEle 4.5.3ralli vivarisida hAge, eNNu mattu paNNu illavE haNNu ‘aNigoLisu’ padagaLa koneya ukAra bidduhOguttade, mattu avugaLa baLika himbottina oTTu id rUpadallE baruttade: eNNida (eNNa-id-a), paNNida, haNNida.
(ta) immaDi mucculiyAgi m bandiruva ammu, ommu, kummu, gummu, cimmu, nemmu mattu hommu emba padagaLU mElina 4.5.3ra mArpADugaLige horapaDikegaLalla: hommidaru (homma-id-aru), cimmitu (cimma-i-tu).
(pa) immaDi mucculiyAgi l bandiruva esakapadagaLalli kollu, sallu, gellu, mellu mattu nillu embavugaLu horapaDikegaLu; ivu gaLalli kollu, nillu mattu sallu embuvakke kom, nim mattu sam emba rUpagaLive; gellu mattu mellu embuvakke ged mattu med emba rUpagaLive; idallade, himbottina oTTige nillu embudara baLika t rUpa, mattu uLida esakapadagaLa baLika d rUpa ide: kollu- konda (kom-d-a), gellu-gedda (ged-d-a), nillu-ninta (nim- t-a).
Adare, intahavE Ada allu mattu callu illavE cellu padagaLu mElina 4.5.3ra mArpADugaLige horapaDikegaLalla: cellida (cella- id-a).
(ga) immaDi mucculiyAgi L bandiruva esakapadagaLalli koLLu embudu mAtra horapaDikeyAgide: adakke kom emba rUpaviddu, adara baLika himbottina oTTu D rUpadalli baruttade: konDu koLLu-konDukonDa (kom-D-a). intaha aLLu, taLLu, tuLLu
padarUpagaLa iTTaLa / 281 mattu saLLu padagaLu horapaDikegaLalla: taLLida (taLLa-id-a), tuLLitu (tuLLa-i-tu).
(ja) immaDi mucculiyAgi y bandiruva oyyu, koyyu, geyyu, toyyu, bayyu, suyyu mattu hoyyu emba ellA ELu esakapadagaLallU koneya ukAradondige adara modalu bandiruva eraDu yakAragaLalli ondu biddu hOguttade, mattu adara baLika himbottina oTTige d rUpa ide: koyyu-koyda (koy- d-a).
(Da) immaDi mucculiyAgi v bandiruva civvu esakapadavU mElina 4.5.3ra mArpADugaLige oLagAguttiddu, horapaDikeyalla: civvida (civva-id-a).
mEle koTTiruva ellA himbottina horapaDikeya rUpagaLallU tu gurutina oTTu bandAga, himbottina oTTina baLika ikAravondu sErikoLLuttade: (tinnu-tinditu (tim-di-tu), uNNu-unDitu (um- Di-tu), gellu-gedditu (ged-di-tu), koyyu-koyditu (koy- di-tu).
(3) eraDu barigekantegaLiddu, modalaneya barigekanteyalli
udda tereyuli bandiruva esakapadagaLu:
I bageya 200 esakapadagaLu paTTiyalliddu, avugaLalli heccinavU mEle koTTiruva 4.5.3ra sErikeya mArpADugaLige oLagAguttave. idakke ettugegaLannu keLage koDalAgide:
(ka) eraDaneya barigekanteyalli taDeyuli bandiruva 80 esakapada gaLalli Agu mattu hOgu emba eraDu esakapadagaLu mAtra mElina kaTTalege horapaDikegaLAgive; ivugaLa baLika himbottina oTTu bandAga, ivakke A mattu hO emba rUpagaLive, mattu ivugaLa baLika himbottina oTTige d rUpa ide: Agu-Ada (A-d-a); hOgu- hOda (hO-d-a).
idallade, tu gurutina oTTu bandAga, himbottina oTTige i rUpa ide, mattu I oTTu sEridAga, I eraDu esakapadagaLa baLika yakAra baruttade: Ayitu (Ay-i-tu), hOyitu (hOy-i-tu).
I gumpinalliruva uLida esakapadagaLella mEle koTTiruva 4.5.3ra sErike mArpADugaLige oLagAguttave embudannu keLagina ettugegaLalli kANabahudu:
sAku-sAkidaru (sAk-id-aru) pIku-pIkitu (pIk-i-tu) tAgu-tAgitu (tAg-i-tu) bAgu-bAgida (bAg-id-a) tOcu-tOcitu (tOc-i-u) cAcu-cAcida (cAc-id-a) mAju-mAjitu (mAj-i-tu) Iju-Ijida (Ij-id-a) nATu-nATitu (nAT-i-tu) dATu-dATida (dAT-id-a) ODu-ODitu (OD-i-tu) hADu-hADida (hAD-id-a) Udu-Uditu (Ud-i-tu) Odu-Odida (Od-id-a)
eraDaneya barigekanteyalli t, p mattu b taDeyuligaLu
kANisuvudilla.
(ca) eraDaneya barigekanteyalli n mUguli bandiruva Anu, nOnu, pUnu, mattu bAnu emba nAlku esakapadagaLu I gumpinallive; ivugaLalli Anu, nOnu mattu pUnu embavugaLu himbottina oTTu sEridAga A, nO mattu pU endAguttave, mattu avugaLa baLika himbottina oTTige t emba rUpa ide (Ataru (A- t-aru), nOtaru (nO-t-aru), pUtaru (pU-t-aru). bAnu esakapadakke entaha himbottina rUpa barabahudembudakke ettuge gaLilla.
mElina ellA esakarUpagaLallU tu gurutina oTTu bandAga, himbottina oTTina baLika ikAravondu sErikoLLuttade: nOtitu (nO-ti-tu), pUtitu (pU-ti-tu).
(Ta) eraDaneya barigekanteyalli N mUguli bandiruva kANu esakapada himbottina oTTu sEridAga kam endAguttade mattu adara baLika himbottina oTTige D rUpa ide: kanDe (kam-D-e); mANu emba innondu esakapadakke mAda emba rUpavide. illU kUDa, tu gurutina oTTu bandAga, himbottina oTTina baLika ikAra baruttade: kanDitu (kam-Di-tu).
(ta) eraDaneya barigekanteyalli yakAra bandiruva sAyu, nOyu, kAyu modalAda 22 esakapadagaLellavU 4.5.3ralli koTTiruva mArpADugaLige horapaDikegaLE. ivugaLalli Ayu, Iyu
padarUpagaLa iTTaLa / 283 ‘karuhAku’, kAyu, mAyu, mEyu, sIyu, hAyu, mattu hIyu emba enTu esakapadagaLa eraDanE barigekante himbottina oTTu sEridAga bidduhOguttade, mattu ivugaLa baLika himbottina oTTige d rUpa ide: (kAyu-kAdaru (kA-d-aru); Iyu- Iduvu (I-d-uvu).
tEyu, tOyu, mattu nEyu padagaLU intahavE mArpADannu tOrisuttave: tEyu-tEdaLu (tE-d-aLu); Adare, ivakke eraDanE barigekanteya yakAravannu uLisiruva, mattu adarondige modalanE barigekanteya tereyuliyannu giDDavAgisida rUpavU ide: teydaLu (tey-d-aLu); idallade, nEyu padada baLika himbottina oTTu t rUpadalli baruvudU ide: nEtaru (nE- t-aru).
kAyu ‘kAyi biDu’, kIyu, bAyu, bIyu ‘mugi’, bEyu ‘bEDu’, mattu hUyu ‘hU biDu’ padagaLigU himbottina oTTu sEridAga avugaLa eraDaneya barigekante bidduhOguttade; Adare, avugaLa baLika himbottina oTTu t rUpadalli mAtra baruttade: bEyu-bEtaru (bE-t-aru); hUyu-hUtuvu (hU-t- uvu).
sAyu mattu Iyu ‘koDu’ padagaLa eraDanE barigekante biddu hOguvudu mAtravallade, modalanE barigekanteya tereyuli giDDa vAguttade; ivugaLa baLika himbottina oTTige tta rUpa ide: sAyu- satta (sa-tta-a); Iyu-itta (i-tta-a).
nOyu, bEyu, mattu mIyu padagaLige himbottina oTTu sEridAga nom, bem mattu mim emba rUpavannu paDeyuttave; mattu ivugaLa baLika himbottina oTTige d rUpa ide: nOyu-nondevu (nom-d-evu); mIyu-mindaru (mim-d-aru).
mElina ellA esakapadagaLallU tu gurutina oTTu bandAga himbottina oTTige ikAravondu sErikoLLuttade: Iyu-Iditu (I- di-tu); hUyu-hUtitu (hU-ti-tu); sAyu-sattitu (sa-tti- tu); bEyu-benditu (bem-di-tu).
(pa) eraDaneya barigekanteyalli r bandiruva 36 esakapadagaLalli heccinavU 4.5.3ra mArpADugaLige oLapaDuttave. idakke kelavu ettuge
gaLannu keLage koDalAgide:
kOru-kOrida (kOr-id-a)
dUru-dUridaru (dUr-id-aru) mAru-mAridaLu (mAr-id-aLu)
hAru-hAritu (hAr-i-tu) sEru-sEritu (sEr-i-tu) tElu-tElitu (tEl-i-tu)
Adare, bAru ‘hora cellu’ mattu nAru esakapadagaLu idakke horapaDikegaLu: himbottina oTTu sEridAga avugaLa eraDanE barige kante bidduhOguttade, mattu avugaLa baLika himbottina oTTige t rUpa ide: bAru-bAta (bA-t-a). idallade, tu gurutina oTTu sEridAga, himbottina t oTTina baLika ikAra baruttade: nAru- nAtitu (nA-ti-tu).
(ga) eraDanE barigekanteyalli l bandiruva 10 padagaLalli nElu mattu sOlu embavu mAtra horapaDikegaLu: avugaLa eraDanE barigekante himbottina oTTu sEridAga bidduhOguttade, mattu A oTTige avugaLa baLika t rUpa ide: sOlu-sOta (sO-t-a); tu gurutina oTTu sEridAga adu ti endAguttade: sOtitu (sO- ti-tu). I gumpige sEruva uLida esakapadagaLu 4.5.3ra mArpADu gaLige oLagAguttave embudakke mAlu-mAlida (mAl-id-a); tElu-tElitu (tEl-i-tu) embavugaLannu ettugeyAgi koDa bahudu.
(ja) eraDanE barigekanteyalli L bandiruva 15 esakapadagaLalli ELu, kILu, bILu mattu hULu embavu horapaDikegaLu; himbottina oTTu sEridAga, ivugaLalli ELu mattu bILu embavu ed mattu bid endAguttave, mattu avugaLa baLika himbottina oTTige d rUpa ide: ELu-edda (ed-d-a); kILu mattu hULu embavu kit mattu hU endAguttave, mattu avugaLa baLika himbottina oTTige t rUpa ide: kILu-kitta (kit-t-a); hULu- hUta (hU-t-a).
idallade, ivugaLalli tu gurutina oTTu bandAga, himbottina oTTu ikAravondannu paDeyuttade: ELu-edditu (ed-di-tu); kILu-
padarUpagaLa iTTaLa / 285 kittitu (kit-ti-tu); Adare, bILu padakke bittu emba rUpaviddu, idaralli bid embudu bi embudAgi badalAgide mattu adara baLika himbottina oTTu t rUpadalli bandide: bittu (bi-t-tu).
I gumpige sErida uLida esakapadagaLu mEle 4.5.3ralli koTTiruva mArpADugaLige oLapaDuttave embudakke kELu-kELida (sIL-i-tu) embavugaLannu (kEL-id-a); sILu-sILitu ettugeyAgi koDabahudu.
(4) mUru barigekantegaLiruva padagaLu: mUru barigekantegaLiruva uruLu, kanalu, kedaku, guDugu modalAda 290 esakapadagaLu paTTiyallive. ivugaLalli ottubarige gaLAgali, udda tereyuligaLAgali baruvudilla. idakke horapaDikeyAgi, Asaru mattu bEsaru emba eraDu esakapadagaLalli udda tereyuli bandide, mattu tepparu emba ondu esakapadadalli ottubarige bandide. I esakapadagaLalli bevaru mattu horaDu emba eraDu padagaLu, udda tereyuliyiruva Asaru mattu bEsaru emba padagaLu, mattu ottubarigeyiruva tepparu emba pada embudAgi oTTu aydu padagaLu mAtra mEle 4.5.3ralli koTTiruva mArpADugaLige horapaDike gaLAgive. uLida padagaLu horapaDikegaLalla embudannu tOrisikoDalu kelavu ettugegaLannu keLage koDalAgide:
aracu-aracida (arac-id-a) uDugu-uDugitu (uDug-i-tu) kanalu-kanalida (kanal-id-a) kaLacu-kaLacitu (kaLac-i-tu) tirugu-tirugida (tirug-id-a) tirugu-tirugitu (tirug-i-tu) bedaru-bedarida (bedar-id-a) baLuku-baLukitu (baLuk-i-tu) salahu-salahida (salah-id-a) horaLu-horaLitu (horaL-i-tu) begaDu-begaDida (begaD-id-a) talapu-talapitu (talap-i-tu) eDavu-eDavida (eDav-id-a) karaTu-karaTitu (karaT-i-tu)
koTTiruva
4.5.3ralli
horapaDikegaLAgiruva bevaru, horaDu, Asaru, bEsaru mattu tepparu emba padagaLige himbottina oTTu sEridAga, avugaLa mUranE barigekante biddu hOguttade; idallade, himbottina oTTige avugaLalli bevaru embudara
mArpADugaLige
baLika t rUpa, horaDu embudara baLika T rUpa, mattu uLida mUru esakapadagaLa baLika tta rUpa siguttade:
bEsaru-bEsatta (bEsa-tta-a) horaDu-horaTaru (hora-T-aru) Asaru-Asatte (Asa-tta-e) tepparu-teppatte (teppa-tta-e)
bevaru-bevata (beva-t-a)
idallade, ivugaLalli tu gurutina oTTu bandAga, himbottina t, tta illavE T rUpagaLa baLika ikAravondu sEruttade: horaTitu (hora-Ti-tu) bEsattitu (bEsa-tti-tu).
(2) ikAra mattu ekAradalli konegoLLuva esakapadagaLu
ikAra mattu ekAradalli konegoLLuva esakapadagaLalli eraDu barige kantegaLu mAtra baruttave; idallade, avugaLalli ottubarigeyAgali, udda tereyuliyAgali baruvudilla. ikAradalli konegoLLuva 120 esakapadagaLu, mattu ekAradalli konegoLLuva 115 esakapadagaLu paTTiyallive.
mEle 4.5.3ralli tiLisida hAge, ivugaLalli heccina padagaLigU himbottina id oTTu sEridAga, avugaLa koneya tereyuli uLiyu ttade, mattu id oTTina ikAra bidduhOguttade (kuDi-id- a>kuDi-d-a; bare-id-a>bare-d-a; esakada pAngannu gurutisuva tu oTTu bandAga mAtra, esakapadada baLika yakAra sEru ttade, mattu id oTTina ikAra uLidu, dakAra bidduhOguttade (kuDi-id-tu>kuDiy-i-tu; bare-id-tu>barey-i-tu).
ikAradalli konegoLLuva ari, avi, kari, kali, kaLi, kuri, cigi, bali, mattu huLi emba ombattu esakapadagaLu, mattu ekAradalli kone goLLuva ore, kale, koLe, caLe, dore, nere, bere, mare, male mattu moLe emba hattu esakapadagaLu idakke horapaDikegaLAgive: avugaLa baLika himbottina oTTu t rUpavannu paDeyuttade (kalita> kali-t-a; mareta>mare-t-a).
adare, tu gurutina oTTu bandiruvalli, I esakapadagaLigU bEre ikAra mattu ekAradalli konegoLLuva esakapadagaLa hAge, yakAra sEruttade mattu adara baLika id oTTina ikAra uLidu, dakAra biddu
padarUpagaLa iTTaLa / 287 hOguttade (kaliyitu>kaliy-i-tu; mareyitu>marey-i- tu).
ikAra mattu ekAradalli konegoLLuva I eraDu bageya esakapada gaLa naDuvina vyatyAsavannu keLage koTTiruva paTTiyalli kANabahudu; ikAradalli konegoLLuva kaLi, kuri mattu cigi padagaLige, mattu ekAra dalli konegoLLuva ore, nere, bere, mattu male padagaLige eraDeraDu huruLugaLiddu, ondu huruLinalli mAtra avu mElina mArpADugaLige horapaDikegaLAgive. himbottina dakAra takAravAguva I mArpADannu mElina ellA esakapadagaLannU konerUpagaLalli baLasi tOrisalu baruvudillavAda kAraNa, kelavakke jODisuva rUpada illavE parice rUpada baLakeyannu koDalAgide:
(1) ikAradalli konegoLLuva esakapadagaLu:
irida savida nalida
Ej savi nali kaLida baNNa kuridu bidda cigida jinke sulida haNNu uLida haNNu
ale kare maledavanu kareda hasu oreda baraha beLeda kAyi toLeda baTTe nereda jana bereda baNNagaLu aLeda akki
arita avita kalita
Cj avi kali kaLita haNNu kuritu Odida cigita mara balita kAyi huLita haNNu
kale mare maletavanu doreta hasu oreta nIru koLeta haNNu caLeta nIru nereta gaDDa bereta kAlu moLeta kALu
(2) ekAradalli konegoLLuva esakapadagaLu: aledaru
karedaru
kaletaru maretaru
kadi emba esakapadavU mElina mArpADugaLige horapaDike yAgide; himbottina id oTTu sEridAga, adara koneya ikAra bidduhOguttade, mattu id oTTina ikAravU bidduhOguttade:
kadi-kadda (kad-d-a). I rUpadalli tu gurutina oTTu bandAga himbottina d oTTu di endAguttade: kadditu (kad-di-tu). himbottina baLakeyannu tumbA aDakavAgi hELuvudAdare,
(1) adakke ukAradalli konegoLLuva esakapadagaLa baLika id rUpa ide, mattu ekAra-ikAragaLalli konegoLLuva esakapadagaLa baLika d rUpa ide; adara baLika tu gurutina oTTu bandiruvalli mAtra eraDu kaDegaLallU i rUpa ide;
(2) horapaDikegaLAgi bandiruva esakapadagaLa baLika, k, T, t, p, d, mattu tta emba rUpagaLiddu, illiyU adara baLika tu gurutina oTTu bandiruvalli ki, Ti, ti, pi, di, mattu tti rUpa ide; iru, taru mattu baru padagaLa baLika mAtra, adara baLika tu oTTu bandiruvalli sonne rUpa ide.
4.5.5 Ipottina rUpagaLu
kannaDada esakapadagaLigella mEle vivarisida hAge, himbottina rUpa mattu mumbottina rUpa embudAgi eraDu bageya hottina rUpa gaLu mAtra ive; Adare, iru emba ondu esakapadakkre, I eraDu bageya hottina rUpagaLu mAtravallade, Ipottina rUpavemba mUraneyadondu rUpavU ide:
iru esakapadada hottina rUpagaLu
mumbottina rUpa:
himbottina rUpa:
Ipottina rUpa:
iruttAne idda iddAne
I esakapadada mumbottina mattu himbottina rUpagaLannu unTu mADuva bage hEge embudannu mEleyE nODiruvevu; adara Ipottina rUpavannu paDeyalu iru esakapadada id rUpakke ‘iruvikeyu sollannu ADuttiruva hottinalli ide’ embudannu tiLisuva Ipottina d oTTannu sErisabEku, mattu adara baLika gurutina oTTugaLalli ondannu sErisabEku: iddAne (id-d-Ane), iddAre (id-d-Are).
padarUpagaLa iTTaLa / 289 e mattu ve gurutina oTTugaLu bandAga, Ipottina oTTige sonne rUpa ide: ide (id-e); idallade, ve oTTina modalu iru esaka padakke i rUpa ide: ive (i-ve).
4.5.6 korepadagaLu
balla, Ar mattu olla emba mUru esakabErugaLu nEravAgi gurutina oTTugaLondige sEri konerUpagaLAgi baLakeyAguttave (4.5.7 nODi); ivannu korepadagaLendu kareyabahudu; yAkendare, ivu bEre esakapadagaLa hAge hottina oTTugaLondige baruvudilla.
ivugaLalli Ar mattu olla emba eraDu esakabErugaLu gurutina oTTugaLondige sEri allagaLeyuva huruLannu koDuttave; idallade, avannu bEre esakapadagaLa mumbottina jODisuva rUpada baLika mAtravE baLasalAguttade (mADalAre, hOgalAraLu; mADa lollevu, hOgalollaru). balla bErina rUpagaLu mAtra bEre yAgiyU baLakeyAgaballuvu (nAnu balle; hOgaballe, mADa ballevu)
alla, illa, mattu salla emba bEre mUru konerUpagaLU baLake yalliddu, avannu al, il mattu sal emba esakabErugaLige alla gaLeyuva a oTTannu sErisi paDeyabahudu. ivannU korepadagaLendu kareyabahudu; yAkendare, I bErugaLondige hottina oTTugaLAgali, gurutina oTTugaLAgali baruvudilla.
4.5.7 gurutina oTTugaLu
esakapadagaLa konerUpagaLalli hottina oTTannu baLasida baLika, solli nalli baruva Aguga, mADuga illavE Agisuga pAngannu aDakavAgi gurutisuvudakkAgi keLage koTTiruva ombattu oTTugaLalli yAvu dAdarU ondannu baLasabEkAguttade.
ADuga kELuga heratu:
ganDugurta
OreNike
Ene E Ane
halaveNike Eve Fj Are
heNNugurta
uLikegurta
ALe ade
,, ave
I oTTugaLa baLakeyannu keLage koTTiruva koDu esakapadada
mumbottina padarUpagaLalli kANabahudu:
ADuga kELuga heratu:
ganDugurta
heNNugurta
uLikegurta
OreNike
koDuttEne koDutti
koDuttAne koDuttALe koDuttade
halaveNike koDuttEve koDuttIri koDuttAre ,, koDuttave
I oTTugaLa modalu mumbottannu tiLisuva oTTina badalu himbottannu tiLisuva oTTu bandideyAdare, avakke tusu bErAgiruva rUpa ide; mukyavAgi avugaLalliruva udda tereyuli giDDavAguttade. idannu keLage koTTiruva koDu esakapadada padarUpagaLalli kANa bahudu:
ADuga kELuga heratu:
ganDugurta
heNNugurta
uLikegurta
OreNike
koTTe koTTi koTTa koTTaLu
koTTitu
halaveNike koTTevu koTTiri koTTaru ,, koTTuvu
himbottina I padarUpagaLalli gurutina oTTugaLige keLage koTTiru
vantaha rUpagaLive embudannu gamanisabahudu:
ADuga kELuga heratu:
ganDugurta
heNNugurta
uLikegurta
OreNike
J E C aLu tu
halaveNike evu Ej aru ,, uvu
padarUpagaLa iTTaLa / 291 iru emba ondu esakapadakke mAtra, mumbottina mattu himbottina rUpagaLu mAtravallade Ipottina rUpagaLU ive embu dannu mEle (4.5.5)ralli nODiruvevu; adara Ipottina rUpagaLalli gurutina oTTugaLige heccukaDime mumbottina rUpagaLalli kANisuva rUpagaLE ive; Adare, ade mattu ave oTTugaLu e mattu ve emba rUpadallU, i oTTu Iye emba rUpadallU baruttave:
ADuga kELuga heratu:
ganDugurta
heNNugurta
uLikegurta
OreNike
iddEne
iddIye
iddAne
iddALe
ide
halaveNike iddEve iddIri iddAre ,, ive
idallade, hottina oTTugaLannu sErisade nEravAgi gurutina oTTu gaLannu mAtra sErisi konerUpagaLAgi baLasuva balla, Ar, mattu olla emba mUru esakabErugaLiveyembudannu mEle 4.5.6ralli nODiruvevu; I bErugaLa baLika gurutina oTTugaLige himbottannu tiLisuva oTTina baLika baruva rUpagaLE ive.
Adare, i mattu tu oTTugaLige ivugaLa baLika e mattu udu emba rUpagaLive; idallade, olla mattu Ar bErugaLa baLika udu mattu uvu oTTugaLa ukAra akAravAguttade; (I akAravannu allagaLeyuva oTTendU tiLiyalu baruttade):
ganDugurta
heNNugurta
uLikegurta
ADuga kELuga heratu:
ADuga kELuga
OreNike
balle balle balla ballaLu
balludu
halaveNike ballevu balliri ballaru ,, balluvu
OreNike
(baral)Are (baral)Are
halaveNike (baral)Arevu (baral)Ariri
heratu:
ganDugurta
heNNugurta
uLikegurta
(baral)Ara (baral)AraLu (baral)Aradu
(baral)Araru ,, (baral)Aravu
ADuga kELuga heratu:
ganDugurta
heNNugurta
uLikegurta
OreNike
(baral)olle (baral)olle (baral)olla (baral)ollaLu (baral)olladu
halaveNike (baral)ollevu (baral)olliri (baral)ollaru ,, (baral)ollavu
4.6 konerUpagaLa iTTaLa: arikerUpagaLu
arikerUpagaLannu arikemADuvudakke mAtravallade, appaNe koDuvudu, oppige tiLisuvudu, oppige paDeyuvudu, koDuge tiLisuvudu moda lAda bEre mAtina kelasagaLalliyU baLasalAguttade. I rUpagaLu sollina mADugaralli ADuga, kELuga mattu horatu emba vyatyAsa vannu baLasuttiddu, avugaLannavalambisi bEre bEre huruLugaLannu koDa balluvu.
4.6.1 ADuga, kELuga mattu heratu rUpagaLu
sollina mADuganu ADuganAgiddalli, OreNikeya ali mattu hala veNikeya ONa emba eraDu oTTugaLannu baLasalAguttade; ivannu nEra vAgi esakapadagaLige sErisalAguttade (hOgali, hOgONa; koDali, koDONa). ivugaLalli OreNikeya rUpagaLannu mukyavAgi kELuganinda oppige paDeyuvudakkAgi baLasalAguttade, mattu idakkAgi adara baLika kELviya oTTannu sErisalAguttade (nAnu baralA?).
sollina mADuganu kELuganAgiddalli, halaveNikeya i illavE iri emba oTTu baLakeyalliddu, adannu nEravAgi esakapadakke sErisalAgu ttade (hOgi; koDi, nilliri, nODiri); Adare, OreNikeyalli esakapadavannu adakke yAva oTTannU sErisade baLasalAguttade (hOgu, koDu).
sollina mADuganu heratAgiddalli, ali emba oTTannE baLasa lAguttade (avanu barali); Adare, I baLakeyalli adu eNikeya
padarUpagaLa iTTaLa / 293 vyatyAsavannAgali (mUvaru barali), illavE gurtada vyatyAsavannAgali tOrisuvudilla (avaLu barali). mukyavAgi ADugana oppigeyannu illavE bayakeyannu tiLisuvudakkAgi I esakarUpavannu baLasalAgu ttade.
4.6.2 sErikeya mArpADugaLu
halaveNikeya oTTannu sErisidAga, illavE OreNikeyalli baLasidAga, kelavu esakapadagaLalli mArpADugaLu kANisikoLLuttave: koLLu, taru mattu baru padagaLige OreNikeyalli kO, tA mattu bA emba rUpagaLive: (tegedukO, tA, bA), mattu halaveNikeyalli taru mattu baru padagaLige tanna mattu banna emba rUpagaLive (tanni (tanna+i), banni, tanniri).
idallade, mEle 4.1.1ralli vivarisida (1, 2) mArpADugaLU illi naDeyuttave: (1) I mUru oTTugaLu sEridAgalU ukAradalli konegoLLuva esakapadagaLa koneya ukAra bidduhOguttade, mattu (2) ikAra illavE ekAradalli konegoLLuva esakapadagaLa baLika yakAravondu sErikoLLuttade:
(1) esakapadada koneya ukAra bidduhOguvudu: kaTTali kaTTu+ali koDu+ONa koDONa aDagu+iri aDagiri
sAyu+ali sAyali
tinnu+ali taru+ONa
ODu+iri
hOgu+ali
tinnali tarONa Nrj hOgali
(2) yakAra bandu sEruvudu: kuDi+ali hiDi+ONa muri+iri siDi+ali
kuDiyali
hiDiyONa muriyiri
siDiyali
bare+ali
kare+ONa
nene+iri
dore+ali
bareyali kareyONa neneyiri doreyali
4.6.3 korepadagaLu
bEku, bEDa, sAku, kUDadu mattu bahudu emba aydu kone rUpagaLU arikepadagaLAgi baLakeyAguttave. Adare, ivu korerUpa
gaLu; ivugaLalli baLakeyAgiruva oTTugaLu bEre arikerUpagaLalli baruvudilla.
bEku mattu sAku padarUpagaLannu bEDu mattu sAlu esaka padagaLinda paDeyabahudu, mattu ivugaLalli ku oTTu bandide; bEDa mattu kUDadu embavugaLannu bEDu mattu kUDu esakapadagaLinda paDeyabahudu, mattu ivugaLalli allagaLeyuva a oTTu bandide; mattu, kUDadu hAgU bahudu embavugaLalli du gurutina oTTu bandide (Adare idakke gurutina huruLilla).
ivugaLalli bahudu embudu esakapadagaLa jODisuva rUpa dondige mAtra baraballudu (hOgabahudu); I korepadagaLige arikeya huruLu mAtravallade tiLisuva huruLU baraballudembudannu munde nODaliruvevu.
4.7 naDurUpagaLu
paricerUpagaLu, jODisuva rUpagaLu, bEDikerUpa, mattu hesaru rUpagaLu-1, 2 embudAgi aydu bageya naDurUpagaLu kannaDada sollugaLalli baLakeyAguttave.
ivugaLalli paricerUpagaLa mUlaka sollannu ondu padakanteya angavannAgi mADalu baruttade. ettugegAgi, manege hOda jAnaki UTa mADidaLu emba sollinalli jAnaki manege hOdaLu emba sollannu manege hOda jAnaki emba padakanteya angavannAgi mADalu hOgu esakapadada paricerUpavondannu (hOda embu dannu) baLasalAgide.
jODisuva rUpagaLa mUlaka eraDu (illavE heccu) sollugaLannu jODisalu baruttade. ettugegAgi, jAnaki manege hOgi UTa mADidaLu emba sollinalli jAnaki manege hOdaLu mattu jAnaki UTa mADidaLu emba eraDu sollugaLannu hOgu esakapadada jODisuva rUpada (hOgi embudara) mUlaka jODisalAgide.
bEDikeya rUpada mUlaka ondu esaka naDeyalu bEDike entahadu embudannu tiLisalu baruttade. ettugegAgi, jAnaki manege hOdare UTa mADabahudu emba sollinalli jAnaki UTamADalu
padarUpagaLa iTTaLa / 295
Enu mADabEku (adakke bEDikeyentahadu) embudannu tiLisalu hOgu esakapadada bEDikerUpavannu (hOdare embudannu) baLasa lAgide.
hesarurUpagaLa mUlaka ondu sollannu innondu sollinalli baruva hesarupadada jAgadalli baLasalu baruttade. ettugegAgi, jAnaki manege hOdudakke ondu kAraNa ittu emba sollinalli jAnaki manege hOdaLu emba sollannu ondu hesarupadada jAgadallirisalu hOgu esakapadada hesarurUpavondannu (hOguvudu embudannu) baLasalAgide. hesarurUpa-2 embudu kelavu viSayagaLalli I hesaru rUpa-1 embudarinda bErAgide embudannu munde nODaliruvevu.
I aydu bageya naDurUpagaLannu unTumADuva bage hEge, ivu gaLalli baLakeyAguva oTTugaLu yAvuvu, mattu avannu esakapadagaLige sErisidAga entaha sErikeya mArpADugaLu naDeyuttave embudannu keLage vivarisalAgide:
4.7.1 paricerUpagaLu
esakapadagaLige mumbottina rUpa, himbottina rUpa, mattu alla gaLetada rUpa embudAgi mUru bageya paricerUpagaLive; ivugaLa mUlaka ondu sollannu innondu sollinalliruva hesarupadakanteya angavannAgi mADalu baruttade.
I mUru bageya rUpagaLallU esakapadagaLondige (ka) hottu illavE allagaLetavannu tiLisuva oTTu, mattu (ca) hesarupadadondigina pattugeyannu tiLisuva oTTu embudAgi eraDeraDu oTTugaLu baruttave.
ettugegAgi, mADuva emba mumbottina paricerUpadalli mADu esakapadadondige mumbottannu tiLisuva v oTTu mattu pattugeyannu tiLisuva a oTTu bandide; mADida emba himbottina paricerUpadalli A esakapadadondige himbottina id oTTu mattu pattugeya a oTTu bandide; mattu mADada emba allagaLeyuva paricerUpadalli allagaLeyuva ad oTTu mattu pattugeya a oTTu bandide.
I mUru bageya paricerUpagaLa baLakeyannu keLage koTTiruva pada
kantegaLalli kANabahudu:
(1ka) UTa mADuva huDuga (1ca) UTa mADida huDuga (1Ta) UTa mADada huDuga
(1) mumbottina rUpagaLu mumbottina paricerUpagaLannu paDeyuvudakkAgi ukAradalli kone goLLuva esakapadagaLige v oTTannu nEravAgi sErisalAguttade mattu adara baLika pattugeya a oTTannu sErisalAguttade. idakke kelavu ettugegaLannu keLage koDalAgide:
tinnu-v-a gellu-v-a hADu-v-a
tinnuva gelluva hADuva koyyuva koyyu-v-a tappuva tappu-v-a anjuva anju-v-a kAyu-v-a kAyuva
nagu-v-a naguva
biDu-v-a biDuva koDuva koDu-v-a uduruva uduru-v-a koragu-v-a koraguva haraTuva haraTu-v-a heNaguva heNagu-v-a
ekAra illavE ikAradalli
konegoLLuva esakapadagaLige mumbottina v oTTannu sErisidAga, avugaLa baLika yu embudu sErikoLLuttade.
eLeyuva oDeyuva toLeyuva koLeyuva taDeyuva
eLeyu-v-a oDeyu-v-a toLeyu-v-a koLeyu-v-a taDeyu-v-a
iLiyuva iLiyu-v-a kuDiyuva kuDiyu-v-a taNiyuva taNiyu-v-a tiLiyuva tiLiyu-v-a suliyuva suliyu-v-a
(2) himbottina rUpagaLu himbottina paDeyuvudakkAgi esakapadagaLige himbottina id oTTannu mattu adara baLika pattugeya a oTTannu sErisalAguttade.
paricerUpagaLannu
esakapadagaLige himbottina id oTTannu sErisidAga I parice rUpagaLallU mEle 4.5.3ralli vivarisida ellA mukya mArpADugaLU
padarUpagaLa iTTaLa / 297 A esakapadagaLalli mattu adara baLika banda id oTTinalli naDeyu ttave. idannu keLage koTTiruva ettugegaLalli kANabahudu:
(1) esakapadagaLa koneya ukAra bidduhOguvudu: nambu ubbu
ODu
hAru
aDagu
nambida (namb-id-a) ubbida (ubba-id-a) ODida (OD-id-a) hArida (hAr-id-a) aDagida (aDag-id-a)
(2) esakapadagaLa koneya ikAra mattu ekAragaLu uLidu, himbottina ikAra
bidduhOguvudu:
iLi
kuDi
oDe
heNe
iLida (iLi-d-a) kuDida (kuDi-d-a) oDeda (oDe-d-a) heNeda (heNe-d-a)
idallade, I padarUpagaLannu paDeyuvAga, esakapadagaLalli mattu id oTTinalli mEle 4.5.4ralli vivarisida ellA horapaDikeya mArpADugaLU naDeyuttave. I mArpADugaLannu tOrisuva esaka padagaLa ondu paTTiyannu mattu avugaLa himbottina paricerUpagaLannu keLage koDalAgide; esakapadagaLa huruLugaLannu bEkenisiruvalli mAtra koDalAgide:
esakapadagaLu paricerUpa aDu ‘aDige mADu’ annu ‘hELu’ ari ‘tiLi’ ari ‘tunDisu’ aru ‘konegoLLu’ avi ‘aDagu’ aLu
Agu Anu ‘tALu, oragu’ Ayu ‘Arisu’
aTTa anda arita arida arata avita atta Ada Ata Ada
Asaru ‘AyAsagoLLu’ iDu ‘irisu, hoDe’ iru Iyu ‘karu hAku’ Iyu ‘koDu’ ugu ‘ukku’ uDu uNNu unnu ‘ALavAgi nene’ uru ‘hinjari’ uLu ennu
Asatta iTTa idda Ida itta okka uTTa unDa unda utta utta enda
eru ‘mugisu’ esu ‘biDu’ ELu ogu ‘ukku’ oyyu ore ‘Uju’ ore ‘nuDi’ kadi
kari ‘karaTu, sIyu’
etta ecca edda okka oyda oreta oreda kadda karita, karida karutta karu ‘guriyiDu’ kalita kali kaleta kale ‘bere’ kaLida kaLi ‘mAsu’ kaLita kaLi ‘haNNAgu’ kanDa kANu kAta kAyu ‘kAyi biDu’ kAda kAyu ‘bisiyAgu’ ketta kiru ‘kUDihAku’ kIta kIyu ‘kIvAgu’ kitta kILu kurita kuri ‘gurutu mADu’ kurida kuri ‘bAgu’ keTTa keDu
ketta keru ‘nOyu’ koTTa koDu koyda koyyu konda kollu koLe koLeta koLLu (konDukoLLu) konDa giru ‘nene’ geyyu ‘kelasa mADu’ gellu caLe ‘tumbiru’
getta geyda gedda caLeta
cigi ‘ciguru’ cigi ‘nege’ tagu ‘sarihondu’ taru
taru ‘jODisu’ tinnu tiru ‘badalAyisu’ tepparu ‘eccaragoLLu’ teru ‘sallisu’ tEyu
cigita cigida takka tanda tatta tinda tetta teppatta tetta tEda, teyda toDu ‘uDu’ toTTa toyyu ‘oddeyAgu’ toyda dore ‘sigu’ doreta nagu
nakka naDu naTTa nAru
nAta nillu ninda nereta nere ‘kUdalu biLiyAgu’ nere ‘sEru’ nereda nEda, nEyu nEta, neyda nElu nOnu nOyu paDu pasu ‘bErpaDisu’ pUnu ‘prayatnisu’ bayyu baru bali ‘beLe’ bAyu ‘bAtuhOgu’ bAru ‘cellu’ biDu
nEta nOta nonda paTTa pacca pUta bayda banda balita bAta bAta biTTa
padarUpagaLa iTTaLa / 299
bIta bIyu ‘bIgu’ bidda bILu bereta bere bevata bevaru benda bEyu bEta bEyu ‘bEDu’ bEsatta bEsaru ‘bEsarisu’ maDu ‘jODisu’
maTTa (poDamaDu) mareta mare maleta male ‘idirisu’ maleda male ‘sokkiru’ mAda mANu ‘konegoLLu’ mAyu ‘guNavAgu’ mAda mikka migu minda mIyu medda mellu mEda mEyu moLeta moLe ‘moLake baru’
sallu ‘odagu, dakku’ sAyu sigu sIyu suDu suyyu ‘usirADu’ sOlu hAyu hIyu ‘hIgaLe’ hugu ‘oLasEru’ huLi ‘huLa hiDi’ hUyu ‘hUvAgu’ hULu heru hogu ‘oLasEru’ hoyyu ‘hoDe, ere’ horaDu horu hOgu
sanda satta sikka sIda suTTa suyda sOta hAda hIda hokka huLita hUta hUta hetta hokka hoyda horaTa hotta hOda
(3) allagaLetada rUpagaLu allagaLetada paricerUpagaLannu paDeyalu esakapadagaLige allagaLeyuva ad oTTannu mattu a pattuge oTTannu sErisalAguttade.
ad oTTu sEridAga, mEle 4.1.1ralli vivarisiruva eraDu mArpADugaLu (esakapadagaLa koneya ukAra bidduhOguvudu, mattu ekAra hAgU ikAragaLa baLika yakAra baruvudu) naDeyuttave.
(1) ukAra bidduhOgiruvudu: sigu sigada (sig-ad-a) anju anjada (anj-ad-a) horaDu horaDada (horaD-ad-a) kaccu kaccada (kacca-ad-a) ELu ELada (EL-ad-a)
tinnu tinnada (tinna-ad-a) bayyu bayyada (bayya-ad-a)
biDu biDada (biD-ad-a)
(2) yakAra sEriruvudu: agi agiyada (agiy-ad-a) kuNi kuNiyada (kuNiy-ad-a) uLi uLiyada (uLiy-ad-a) suli suliyada (suliy-ad-a) oDe oDeyada (oDey-ad-a) koLe koLeyada (koLey-ad-a) kare kareyada (karey-ad-a) bare bareyada (barey-ad-a)
idallade, baru mattu taru esakapadagaLige I oTTu sEridAga, barada mattu tarada emba rUpagaLu mAtravallade, bArada mattu tArada emba rUpagaLU siguttave.
al, il, mattu sal emba mUru esakabErugaLondigU (4.5.6 nODi) allagaLeyuva ad oTTu mattu pattugeya a oTTu gaLannu sErisi, allada, illada, mattu sallada emba mUru parice rUpagaLannu paDeyalAguttade. Adare, I esakabErugaLinda allagaLe yuva paricerUpagaLannu mAtra paDeyalu baruttadeyallade, himbottina illavE mumbottina paricerUpagaLannu paDeyalu baruvudilla.
idallade, Ar mattu ol esakabErugaLindalU allagaLeyuva paricerUpagaLannu paDeyabahudu: (hOgal)Arada, (hOgal) ollada. bEDada mattu sAlada emba bEre eraDu allagaLeyuva paricerUpagaLannu bEDu mattu sAlu esakapadagaLinda paDeyaballe vAdarU, huruLina maTTige avu bEDa mattu sAku emba eraDu arikeya rUpagaLige hattiravAgive.
4.7.2 jODisuva rUpagaLu
eraDu illavE heccu sollugaLannu oTTu sErisuvudakkAgi esakapadagaLa jODisuva rUpagaLannu baLasalAguttade. ettugegAgi, rAju manege bandu UTa mADida emba sollinalli rAju manege banda mattu rAju UTa mADida emba eraDu sollugaLannu jODisi hELa lAgide, mattu idakkAgi baru esakapadada jODisuva rUpavAda bandu embudannu baLasalAgide.
sollugaLannu I rIti jODisuvudakkAgi nAlku bageya jODisuva rUpagaLannu baLasalAguttade. ivannu modalesaka (mADi), mAresaka mattu allagaLedesaka (mADuttA) (mADalu), oDanesaka
padarUpagaLa iTTaLa / 301 (mADade) embudAgi hesarisabahudu. I nAlku bageya jODisuva rUpagaLa baLakeyannu keLage koTTiruva sollugaLalli kANabahudu:
(1ka) avanu UTa mADi nammallige banda. (1ca) avanu UTa mADalu nammallige banda. (1Ta) avanu UTa mADuttA nammondige mAtanADida. (1ta) avanu UTa mADade nammallige banda.
mEle 4.7.1ralli vivarisiruva parice rUpagaLigU I jODisuva rUpagaLigU naDuve ondu mukyavAda vyatyAsa ide embudannu gamanisabahudu: paricerUpagaLalli mumbottu mattu himbottugaLannu tiLisuva hottina oTTugaLa baLakeyAgide; avu esaka yAvAga naDe yitu embudannu ADugana hottige sambandisida hAge tiLisuttave.
Adare, jODisuva rUpagaLalli hottannu tiLisuva I oTTugaLa badalu, avu tiLisuva esakakkU sollina mukya esakakkU naDuve entaha hottina sambanda ide embudannu tiLisuva pattuge oTTugaLu bandive: avu tiLisuva esaka mukya esakada modalu naDedideyembudannu moda lesakada oTTu, baLika naDeyuvudembudannu mAresakada oTTu, mattu eraDu esakagaLU oTToTTige naDeyuvavuvembudannu oDanesakada oTTu tiLisuttave.
I pattuge oTTugaLalli modalesakada oTTu halavu viSayagaLalli himbottina oTTannu hOluttade; Adare, kelavu viSayagaLalli adu bErAgiyU ide; idE rItiyalli, oDanesakada oTTu mumbottina oTTina hAgeyE iddu koneya tereyuliya maTTige bErAgide embudannu munde nODaliruvevu.
eraDaralliyU allagaLeyuva rUpa ide embudu ivugaLa naDu
viruva innondu hOlike.
(1) modalesakada rUpagaLu ukAradalli konegoLLuva esakapadagaLalli halavakke himbottina oTTu sEruvAga adu id rUpadalli baruttade (4.5.3 nODi); antaha padagaLa baLika modalesakada oTTige i rUpa ide. idakke kelavu ettuge
gaLannu keLage koDalAgide; himbottina rUpavAgi keLage esakapadagaLa paricerUpagaLannu koDalAgide (4.7.1 nODi):
esakapadagaLu anju ujju turuku
kivucu
tODu
karagu koDisu
tinnisu
paricerUpa anjida
ujjida
turukida
kivucida
tODida
karagida koDisida
tinnisida
modalesakada rUpa CAf ujji turuki kivuci tODi karagi koDisi tinnisi
ukAradalli konegoLLuva esakapadagaLalli halavu mEle 4.5.3ralli koTTiruva kaTTalegaLige horapaDikegaLAgive; avugaLalli heccinavugaLa baLikavU modalesakada oTTige himbottina rUpavE iddu, adara konege ukAravondu sErikoLLuttade. idakke kelavu ettugegaLannu keLage koDalAgide:
esakapadagaLu iDu
horu tinnu
gellu
kANu
sAyu ELu
koyyu sOlu Iyu bEyu
paricerUpa iTTa hotta
tinda gedda kanDa satta edda koyda
sOta
itta benda
modalesakada rUpa
iTTu hottu tindu geddu kanDu sattu eddu koydu sOtu ittu bendu
idakke Agu mattu hOgu emba eraDu horapaDikegaLive; ivakke Ada mattu hOda emba himbottina rUpagaLive; Adare ivugaLa modalesakada rUpagaLu Agi mattu hOgi embavugaLAgive. endare, modalesakada oTTige illi i rUpa ide.
padarUpagaLa iTTaLa / 303
ekAra mattu ikAragaLalli konegoLLuva esakapadagaLa baLikavU modalesakada oTTige himbottina oTTigiruva rUpavE ide; mattu illU kUDa I oTTina baLika ukAravondu sErikoLLuttade:
esakapadagaLu himbottina rUpa modalesakada rUpa iLi
fV
suli
kali
kadi
iLida jigida sulida
kalita kadda
iLidu jigidu sulidu kalitu kaddu
hoDe seLe
moLe dore
hoDeda
seLeda moLeta
doreta
hoDedu seLedu moLetu doretu
(2) mAresakada rUpagaLu esakapadagaLige alu oTTannu sErisi mAresakada jODisuva rUpagaLannu unTumADalAguttade. I oTTannu sErisidAga, 4.1.1ralli vivarisida hAge, ukAradalli konegoLLuva esakapadagaLa koneya ukAra biddu hOguttade; mattu, ikAra hAgU ekAragaLalli konegoLLuva padagaLa baLika yakAravondu sErikoLLuttade. idakke kelavu ettugegaLannu keLage koDalAgide:
(1) ukAradalli konegoLLuva esakapadagaLa baLika: koDalu
koDu hancu hancalu
aTTu aTTalu
tinnalu
tinnu kAdalu
kAdu horaDu horaDalu
nagalu nagu nandalu nandu kaccalu kaccu kANu kANalu Iju Ijalu orasu orasalu
(2) ikAradalli konegoLLuva esakapadagaLa baLika: iLi kali kudi
iLiyalu
kaliyalu
kudiyalu
nuDiyalu duDiyalu sariyalu
nuDi duDi sari
(3) ekAradalli konegoLLuva esakapadagaLa baLika: mare save koLe
hoLe hoLeyalu hoge hogeyalu bere
mareyalu saveyalu koLeyalu
bereyalu
(3) oDanesakada rUpagaLu esakapadagaLige uttA oTTannu sErisi oDanesakada rUpagaLannu paDeya lAguttade; I oTTu sEridAgalU, 4.1.1ralli vivarisida hAge, ukAra dalli konegoLLuva esakapadagaLa koneya ukAra bidduhOguttade, mattu ikAra hAgU ekAragaLalli konegoLLuva esakapadagaLa baLika yakAravondu sEruttade.
(1) ukAradalli konegoLLuva esakapadagaLa baLika: naguttA koDuttA koDu bayyu bayyuttA tinnuttA ELu ELuttA
bevaru bevaruttA nilluttA
nillu
nagu tinnu nOyu nOyuttA aDagu aDaguttA sOlu sOluttA
(2) ikAra mattu ekAradalli konegoLLuva esakapadagaLa baLika: kuDi kali iLi kuNi hari fV koLe bare seLe mere nene taDe
kuDiyuttA iLiyuttA hariyuttA koLeyuttA seLeyuttA neneyuttA
kaliyuttA kuNiyuttA jigiyuttA bareyuttA mereyuttA taDeyuttA
(4) allagaLedesakada rUpagaLu esakapadagaLige allagaLeyuva ad oTTannu sErisi allagaLedesakada rUpa gaLannu unTumADalAguttade; I oTTina baLika, I rUpagaLalli ekAra vondu sErikoLLuttade.
idallade, 4.1.1ralli vivarisidante, ukAradalli konegoLLuva esaka padada koneya ukAra bidduhOguttade, mattu ekAra hAgU ikAra gaLalli konegoLLuva esakapadagaLa baLika yakAravondu sErikoLLuttade. idakke kelavu ettugegaLannu keLage koDalAgide:
padarUpagaLa iTTaLa / 305
biDade
(1) ukAradalli konegoLLuva esakapadagaLa baLika: biDu uNNu uNNade
bILu bILade
kANu kANade
sAyu sAyade
koDisu koDisade
aLu aLade nEyu nEyade hOgu hOgade gellu sOlu sOlade berasu berasade
gellade
(2) ikAra mattu ekAradalli konegoLLuva esakapadagaLa baLika: basi kusi suli tiLi Cj kali
basiyade suliyade ariyade
kusiyade
tiLiyade
kaliyade
mareyade mare koLe koLeyade hoLe hoLeyade
hoDe hoDeyade doreyade dore maseyade mase
baru mattu taru emba eraDu esakapadagaLu I allagaLeyuva oTTu sEridAga bAr mattu tAr emba rUpavannu paDeyuttave: bArade (bAr-ade), tArade (tAr-ade).
4.7.3 bEDikeya rUpa
ondu esakakke innondu esakavannu bEDikeyAgi tiLisabEkendiddAga, adannu tiLisuva esakapadakke himbottina oTTannu mattu bEDikeya are oTTannu sErisi hELalAguttade: baru-bandare, tinnu-tindare, hOgu- hOdare, koDu-koTTare). I esakarUpada baLakeyannu keLage koTTiruva sollugaLalli kANabahudu.
(1ka) maduvege karedare hOguttEne. (1ca) nIvu bandare hOguttEne. (1Ta) haNa sikkidare koDuttEne.
I oTTina modalu himbottina oTTige paricerUpadalliruva rUpavE ide. alli kANisuva ellA horapaDikegaLU illiyU kANisu ttave. idakke kelavu ettugegaLannu keLage koDalAgide:
esakapada
iDu hOgu
tinnu uNNu kollu
gellu nEyu
ELu horaDu
parice rUpa iTTa hOda
tinda unDa konda
gedda neyda edda horaTa
bEDikeya rUpa iTTare hOdare tindare unDare kondare geddare neydare eddare horaTare
4.7.4 hesarurUpagaLu
esakapadagaLa paricerUpagaLige (4.7.1 nODi) udu mattu ike oTTu gaLannu sErisi eraDu bageya hesarurUpagaLannu paDeyalAguttade. ivu gaLalli modalanE bageya hesarurUpagaLannu mumbottu, himbottu mattu allagaLetagaLemba mUru bageya paricerUpagaLindalU paDeyalu baruttade; Adare, eraDanE bageya hesarurUpagaLannu mumbottina mattu allagaLetada paricerUpagaLinda mAtra paDeyabahudu.
himbottina paricerUpa mADida
koTTa tinda kuDida bareda
mumbottina paricerUpa mADuva
hOguva hELuva
bareyuva
kuDiyuva
allagaLeyuva paricerUpa mADada
hOgada
tinnada kuDiyada
hesarurUpa-1 mADidudu koTTudu tindudu kuDidudu baredudu
hesarurUpa-1 mADuvudu hOguvudu hELuvudu bareyuvudu kuDiyuvudu
hesarurUpa-1 mADadudu hOgadudu tinnadudu kuDiyadudu
hesarurUpa-2 mADuvike hOguvike hELuvike bareyuvike kuDiyuvike
hesarurUpa-2 mADadike hOgadike tinnadike kuDiyadike
padarUpagaLa iTTaLa / 307
bareyada
hELada
bareyadudu hELadudu
bareyadike hELadike
allagaLetada jODisuva rUpagaLige ike oTTannu sErisi paDediruva hesarurUpagaLu heccu baLakeyallilla; Adare, I holabannu baLasi, aDakavAda padarUpagaLannu paDeyaballevAda kAraNa, arimeya baraha gaLalli avugaLa baLakeyannu heccisabahudu.
4.8 hesarupadagaLa padarUpagaLu
hesarupadagaLondige pattuge oTTu mattu eNike oTTu embudAgi eraDu bageya oTTugaLu avugaLa padarUpagaLannu unTumADuvalli baLakeyAguttave.
ivugaLalli pattuge oTTugaLu eraDu bageyavu: sollugaLa kone yalli baruva esakapadakkU adara modalu baruva hesarupadagaLigU naDuviruva pattugeyannu tiLisuva annu, inda, ge mattu lli emba nAlku esakapattugeya oTTugaLu, mattu eraDu hesarupadagaLa naDu vina pattugeyannu tiLisuva a mattu inta emba eraDu hesaru pattugeya oTTugaLu.
hesarupadagaLu gurutisuva vyakti, vastu modalAdavugaLa eNikeyannu aDakavAgi ‘ondakkinta heccu’ embudannu tiLisuva halaveNikeya ondu oTTu mAtra avugaLondige baruttade; idu gaLu illavE aru emba rUpadalliruttade.
4.8.1 eNikeya oTTu
eNikeya oTTigiruva aru mattu gaLu emba eraDu rUpagaLalli aru rUpa janarannu gurutisuva hesarupadagaLondige baruttade, mattu gaLu rUpa uLida padagaLondige baruttade.
Adare, janarannu gurutisuva padagaLalli ganDugurtada padagaLu akAradalli konegoLLuvudiddalli, mattu heNNugurtada padagaLu ikAra illavE ekAradalli konegoLLuvudiddalli, avugaLondige aru rUpa kANisikoLLuttade.
bAki uLida padagaLu ganDugurtada illavE heNNugurtada janarannu gurutisuvudiddarU avugaLondige gaLu rUpavE kANisikoLLuttade. I kaTTalege kelavu ettugegaLu keLagive:
(1) ganDugurtada padagaLu akAradalli konegoLLuvudiddalli, avugaLa baLika aru rUpa baruttade, mattu uLideDegaLalli gaLu rUpa baruttade (aru oTTu sEridAga, mEle 4.1.1(1)ralli vivarisida hAge, I padagaLa koneya akAra bidduhOguttade):
akAradalli konegoLLuvavu huDuga ambiga baDava hADugAra hADugAraru kaLLa
huDugaru ambigaru baDavaru
kaLLaru
uLida ganDugurtada padagaLu tiLigEDigaLu tiLigEDi edurALi edurALigaLu huriyALu huriyALugaLu mundALu mundALugaLu guru
gurugaLu
(2) heNNugurtada padagaLu ikAra illavE ekAradalli konegoLLuvu diddalli, avugaLa baLika aru rUpa baruttade, mattu uLideDegaLalli gaLu rUpa baruttade; ivugaLalli aru oTTannu baLasidAga, mEle 4.1.1(1)ralli vivarisida hAge, padagaLa konege yakAra sEruttade):
i illavE edalli konegoLLuvavu uLida heNNugurtada padagaLu kuruDi celuve nalle
kuruDiyaru celuveyaru nalleyaru
heNNALugaLu
heNNugaLu
heNNALu heNNu
(3) hesarupadagaLu nanTarannu gurutisuttiveyAdare, avu ganDu gurtadavAgali, heNNugurtadavAgali, avugaLa baLika I oTTu aru rUpa dallE baruttade; idallade I oTTu sEruva modalu, andi emba nanTastikeyannu tiLisuva oTTu baruttade.
I padagaLu ikAra illavE ekAradalli konegoLLuttiveyAdare, avugaLa baLika yakAravondu sErikoLLuttade (4.1.1(2) nODi. Adare tAyi padada baLika yakAra baruva badalu, adara ikAravE bidduhOguttade (tAyandiru). idallade, aru oTTannu andi oTTina baLika sErisidAga, adara modalinalliruva akAra bidduhOguttade:
padarUpagaLa iTTaLa / 309
ganDugurtada padagaLu aNNa mAva ajja tamma
aNNandiru mAvandiru
ajjandiru
tammandiru
heNNugurtada padagaLu akkandiru akka tAyandiru tAyi ajjiyandiru ajji soseyandiru sose
nanTarannu gurutisuva kelavu padagaLige aru oTTannu nEravAgi
sErisuvudU ide (sose-soseyaru, atte-atteyaru).
(4) janarannu gurutisuva mElina padagaLannu horatupaDisi uLida hesarupadagaLondige, avu yAva tereyuliyalli konegoLLuvu diddarU, gaLu rUpavE baruttade.
mara guDDa kelasa karu kADu gumpu nenapu
maragaLu guDDagaLu kelasagaLu karugaLu kADugaLu gumpugaLu
nenapugaLu
karegaLu
kare emme emmegaLu peTTige peTTigegaLu kere karaDi wAr angaDi angaDigaLu
keregaLu karaDigaLu tinDigaLu
(5) mElina kaTTalegaLige kelavu horapaDikegaLU ive: (ka) hengasu mattu ganDasu emberaDu padagaLondige, avu ukAradalli kone goLLuvudiddarU, aru rUpa baruttade (hengasaru, ganDasaru); (ca) magu padakke gaLu oTTu sEridAga, A padada koneya tereyuli biddu hOguttade, mattu adara gakAra hAgU gaLu oTTina gakAragaLu kakAra vAguttave (magu-makkaLu).
(6) janarannu gurutisuva hesarupadagaLannu horatupaDisi, uLida hesarupadagaLondige eNikeya oTTannu baLasadiralU baruttade; I pada gaLa eNikeyannu bEreDe tiLisiruvalli I rIti oTTannu baLasadiruvudE heccu. idakke eraDu ettugegaLannu keLage koDalAgide:
(1ka) avanige mUru pustakagaLu sikkive. (1ca) avanige mUru pustaka sikkide. (2ka) avanu nAlku manegaLannu kaTTisiddAne. (2ca) avanu nAlku mane kaTTisiddAne.
4.8.2 esakapattugeya oTTugaLu
hesarupada (illavE hesarupadakante)gaLigU esakapadakkU naDuviruva pattugeyannu tiLisuvudakkAgi hesarupadagaLondige annu, inda, ge mattu lli emba nAlku pattugeya oTTugaLannu baLasalAguttade. ivu IDu, suru, guri mattu jAga emba nAlku pAngugaLalliruva hesaru padagaLannu esakapadadondige sambandisuttave.
ivugaLalli inda mattu lli oTTugaLu hesarupattugeya a oTTina baLika baruttave (4.8.3 nODi), mattu uLida eraDu oTTugaLu (annu mattu ge) nEravAgi hesarupadagaLondige baruttave. I oTTu gaLu sEridAga hesarupadagaLalli mattu oTTugaLalli kelavu sErikeya mArpADugaLu naDeyuttave. avannu keLage vivarisalAgide:
(1) annuannuannuannu oTTu I oTTannu nEravAgi hesarupadagaLige sErisalAguttade; idu sEridAga, hesarupadagaLalli kelavu sErikeya mArpADugaLu keLage vivarisidante naDe yuttave:
(1) ukAradalli konegoLLuva padagaLige I oTTannu sErisidAga, 4.1.1(1)ralli vivarisida hAge, avugaLa koneya ukAra biddu hOguttade; halaveNikeya gaLu illavE aru oTTinalli konegoLLuva hesarupadagaLigU annu oTTannu sErisidAga, avugaLa koneya ukAra bidduhOguttade:
(ka) hesarupadagaLa koneya ukAra bidduhOguvudu: ettu ettannu
ganTu ganTannu
tavuDu tavuDannu
ganDasu ganDasannu eLLu eLLannu
haNNu haNNannu hADu hADannu ganTalu ganTalannu hittilu hittilannu jiDDu jiDDannu
(ca) halaveNikeya padarUpagaLa koneya ukAra bidduhOguvudu: kaLLaru manegaLu manegaLannu kaLLarannu janaru janarannu maragaLu maragaLannu
padarUpagaLa iTTaLa / 311
(Ta) Adare, eraDu barigekantegaLiddu, udda tereyuli illavE ottubarige (mucculi) illadiruva hesarupadagaLige idannu sErisidAga, avugaLa koneya ukAra bidduhOguva badalu, avugaLa baLika vakAra vondu sErikoLLuttade:
karu nagu
karuvannu
naguvannu
magu pudu
maguvannu puduvannu
(ta) samskrutadinda eravalAgi banda padagaLalli kelavu ukAradalli konegoLLuttave; ivu entahaviddarU annu oTTu sEruvAga vakAra vannu paDeyuttave (vastu-vastuvannu, guru-guruvannu, Satru- Satruvannu); Adare, I ukAra kannaDadalli naDeda mArpADininda bandu dAdare, adara baLika vakAra baruvudilla (sottu-sottannu).
(2) akAradalli konegoLLuva hesarupadagaLa baLika I oTTu sEri dAga, avu janarannu gurutisuttiveyAdare avugaLa baLika nakAra baruttade, mattu uLideDegaLalli vakAra baruttade:
(ka) akAradalli konegoLLuva, mattu janarannu gurutisuva padagaLu:
maga aNNa bEDa ambiga ambiganannu
maganannu
aNNanannu
bEDanannu
amma ammanannu kanda kandanannu geLeya geLeyanannu dAriganannu dAriga
(ca) akAradalli konegoLLuva uLida padagaLu:
kadavannu
kada binkavannu binka kaData kaDatavannu dibbaNa dibbaNavannu
cinnavannu gANavannu
cinna gANa angaLa angaLavannu bEsara bEsaravannu
(3) ikAra illavE ekAradalli konegoLLuva padagaLige I oTTu sEridAga, 4.1.1(2)ralli vivarisida hAge, avugaLa baLika yakAra vondu sErikoLLuttade:
(ka) ikAradalli konegoLLuva padagaLu:
guDi benki
guDiyannu benkiyannu
ajji nAyi
ajjiyannu nAyiyannu
huDugi huDugiyannu angaDi angaDiyannu
karaDi guddali guddaliyannu
karaDiyannu
(ca) ekAradalli konegoLLuva padagaLu:
maneyannu kappeyannu
mane kappe gombe gombeyannu aDike aDikeyannu
bele beleyannu atte atteyannu kAgeyannu kAge anjike anjikeyannu
(2) indaindaindainda oTTu mEle tiLisida hAge, idannu hesarupadagaLige hesarupattugeya a oTTina baLika (8.4.3 nODi) sErisalAguttade; I oTTu sEridAga, hesaru pattugeya a oTTu bidduhOguttadeyAdarU, adara modalu bandidda in, vin, n, v, r, mattu d embavu uLidukoLLuttave. hAgAgi, illi hesarupattugeya a oTTu sonne rUpadallide endu hELalu baruttade. keLage koTTiruva hesarupadagaLa a oTTina rUpa mattu inda oTTina rUpagaLannu hOlisi nODidAga I viSaya gottAguttade:
hesarupada
mara aNNa gavi kAge tinisu karu hosadu
maragaLu
kaLLaru
a oTTina rUpa inda oTTina rUpa marada aNNana gaviya
kAgeya
tinisina
karuvina
hosadara
maragaLa
kaLLara
maradinda aNNaninda gaviyinda kAgeyinda tinisininda karuvininda hosadarinda maragaLinda kaLLarinda
(3) gegegege oTTu I oTTige ge, ige mattu kke emba mUru rUpagaLive; ivugaLa baLake hesarupadagaLa koneya tereyuli mattu avugaLa huruLugaLa mEle avalambiside:
padarUpagaLa iTTaLa / 313
(1) ikAra illavE ekAradalli konegoLLuva hesarupadagaLa baLika
idu ge rUpadalli baruttade:
ajjige ilige
(ka) ikAradalli konegoLLuva hesarupadagaLu: ajji ili manavi manavige
kOmaTi kOmaTige tabbalige
tabbali
hakkige hakki geLatige geLati gENige gENi kannaDi kannaDige bAvali bAvalige
(ca) ekAradalli konegoLLuva hesarupadagaLu: kerege atte attege
reppege reppe santege bETe bETege
nambike nambikege
bEDike bEDikege
kere sante duDime duDimege majjige majjigege mUle mUlege
(2) ukAradalli konegoLLuva hesarupadagaLa baLika, mattu halaveNikeya oTTugaLalli konegoLLuva padagaLa baLika, idu ige rUpa dalli baruttade; adu sEridAga, mEle 4.1.1ralli vivarisida hAge, I padagaLa koneya ukAra bidduhOguttade:
maddige
maddu dUru dUrige
muLisu muLisige
muppu muppige
heNNu hakkigaLu hakkigaLige
heNNige
hangu hangige turubu turubige dEvaru dEvarige bennu bennige kantige kantu daDDaru daDDarige
(3) Adare, ukAradalli konegoLLuva hesarupadagaLalli eraDu barige kantegaLu mAtra iveyAdare, mattu avugaLalli udda tereyuli illavE ottubarige illavAdare, antaha hesarupadagaLa koneya ukAra biddu hOguva badalu, avugaLa baLika vakAravondu sErikoLLuttade:
karuvige
karu nagu naguvige
aLu aLuvige
maguvige magu uDu uDuvige maDuvige maDu
ukAradalli konegoLLuva samskruta eravalugaLa baLikavU I oTTu
sEruva modalu vakAra baruttade:
vastu
vastuvige
Satru
Satruvige
(4) akAradalli konegoLLuva hesarupadagaLu janarannu gurutisu ttiveyAdare, avugaLa baLika I oTTu ige rUpadallE baruttade; Adare, adu sEruva modalu I padagaLa baLika nakAravondu sEri koLLuttade:
ajjanige
ajja kandanige
kanda kaTuka kaTukanige
ambiga ambiganige gANiganige gANiga
kaLLanige bEDanige
kaLLa bEDa huDuga huDuganige biddina biddinanige nalla
nallanige
(5) akAradalli konegoLLuva uLida hesarupadagaLa baLika I oTTige
kke rUpavide:
mara marakke binka binkakke
kaDatakke
kaData ankaNa ankaNakke
kALagakke
kALaga
aTTa aTTakke UTa UTakke jaLaka jaLakakke ottaDa ottaDakke bEsara bEsarakke
(4) llillillilli oTTu mEle tiLisida hAge, I oTTannU hesarupattugeya a oTTina baLika sErisalAguttade. idannukeLage koTTiruva ettugegaLalli kANabahudu:
marada maradalli
kereya kereyalli
guDDada guDDadalli
ONiya ONiyalli
maguvina maguvinalli maragaLa maragaLalli
aNNana aNNanalli kaNNina kaNNinalli baTTeya baTTeyalli hosadara hosadaralli magaLu magaLalli janara janaralli
padarUpagaLa iTTaLa / 315
4.8.3 hesarupattugeya oTTugaLu
hesarupadagaLa naDuviruva eraDu bageya pattugegaLannu tiLisuvudakkAgi oTTugaLannu baLasalAguttade: hOlikeyannu tiLisuva inta oTTu, mattu bEre halavu bageya pattugegaLannu tiLisuva a oTTu. ivugaLalli inta oTTu esakapattugeya ge oTTina (4.8.2 nODi) baLika baruttade, mattu a oTTu nEravAgi hesarupadagaLa baLika baruttade.
(1) intaintaintainta oTTu yAvudAdarondu pariceya kuritAgi ibbaru vyakti, vastu, illavE viSayagaLa naDuve hOlikeyannu tiLisuvudakkAgi inta oTTannu baLasa lAguttade. inta oTTannu paDediruva hesarupada ondu pariceya hOlikeyalli keLagiruva vyakti, vastu illavE viSayavannu gurutisu ttade. ettugegAgi, sunIl jAnakiginta doDDavanu emba sollinalli jAnaki pada inta oTTinondige bandide, mattu sunIl pada oTTillade bandide; hAgAgi, ‘doDDatanadalli jAnaki sunIlginta keLa giddALe’ emba huruLannu A sollu koDuttade.
I oTTannu hesarupattugeya ge oTTina baLika sErisalAguttade embudannu keLage koTTiruva ettugegaLinda tiLiyabahudu; I oTTu sEridAga ge oTTina (illavE adara rUpagaLAda ge, ige mattu kke embavugaLa) koneya ekAra bidduhOguttade:
hesarupada
mane guDi kADu ajja haNa meccuge
ge oTTina rUpa manege
guDige kADige ajjanige
haNakke meccugege
inta oTTina rUpa maneginta guDiginta kADiginta ajjaniginta haNakkinta meccugeginta
(2) aaaa oTTu I oTTannu nEravAgi hesarupadagaLige sErisalAguttade; idu sEruva modalu hesarupadagaLu, avugaLa koneya barige mattu huruLugaLa nnavalambisi, kelavu heccina barigegaLannu paDeyuttave:
(1) ukAradalli konegoLLuva hesarupadagaLa baLika in embudu baruttade; Adare, intaha padagaLalli eraDu barigekantegaLiddu, udda tereyuli illavE ottubarigegaLillavAdare vin embudu sEruttade; ukAradalli konegoLLuva samskruta eravalugaLa baLikavU vin embudu sEruttade:
(ka) ukAradalli konegoLLuva padagaLu: uddu uddina ganDu ganDina
tiLivu tiLivina
enjalu enjalina
bekku mAtu mAtina hesaru hesarina baccalu baccalina
bekkina
(ca) udda tereyuli, ottebarigeyillada eraDu barigekanteya padagaLu: magu maDu
aLu aLuvina gaLuvina gaLu
maguvina
maDuvina
(Ta) ukAradalli konegoLLuva samskruta eravalugaLu: vastu guru
vastuvina
guruvina
Satruvina
Satru
ukAradalli konegoLLuva magaLu pada mElina kaTTalege horapaDike yAgide; adara baLika a oTTu sEruvAga in baruva badalu, adara koneya ukAra bidduhOguttade: magaLu-magaLa.
(2) akAradalli konegoLLuva hesarupadagaLa baLika, avu janarannu gurutisuvudiddalli, nakAra baruttade, mattu uLideDegaLalli dakAra baru ttade:
(ka) akAradalli konegoLLuva padagaLalli janarannu gurutisuvavu: akka daDDa daDDana nanTa ganDana
ganDa muduka mudukana pOra pOrana
nADiga nADigana tottiga tottigana
akkana nanTana
(ca) akAradalli konegoLLuva uLida padagaLu: bellada mara gAyada henDa
marada henDada
bella gAya
padarUpagaLa iTTaLa / 317
hoDeta hoDetada sambaLa sambaLada
pangaDa pangaDada gIjaga gIjagada
(3) ikAra illavE ekAradalli konegoLLuva hesarupadagaLige I oTTu sEruva modalu, 4.1.1(2)ralli vivarisida hAge, yakAra sEru ttade:
(ka) ikAradalli konegoLLuva padagaLu:
uri uriya
mandi mandiya
oDati oDatiya
angaDi angaDiya
katti tAyi saradi kannaDi
kattiya tAyiya saradiya kannaDiya
(ca) ekAradalli konegoLLuva padagaLu: doreya
dore beNNe beNNeya
mIse mIseya
anjike anjikeya
beLe ance anceya aDuge aDugeya meccige meccigeya
beLeya
(4) halaveNikeya oTTugaLalli konegoLLuva hesarupadagaLu ukAra dalli konegoLLuvuvAdarU, avugaLa baLika in embudu baruvudilla; idakke badalu, a oTTu sEridAga, ivugaLa koneya ukAra biddu hOguttade:
maragaLu maragaLa
hakkigaLu hakkigaLa
manegaLu manegaLa
janaru janara jANaru jANara ciNNaru ciNNara
4.9 bEre padagaLa padarUpagaLu
esaka mattu hesarupadagaLu mAtravallade, bEreyU kelavu padagaLige padarUpagaLive; Adare, ivugaLannu mukyavAgi mEle vivarisidantaha hesarupadagaLondige baruva oTTugaLannu baLasiyE unTumADalAgu ttade. avugaLa baLakeyalli kelavu nirbandagaLive, mattu avugaLalli kANisikoLLuva sErikeya mArpADugaLU kelavu viSayagaLalli bErAgive.
4.9.1 paricepadagaLa padarUpagaLu
kannaDada paricepadagaLalli halavannu, adarallU mukyavAgi janara parice yannu tiLisuva kivuDu, kuruDu, celuvu, huccu modalAduvannu hesarupadagaLAgiyU baLasalu baruttade. intaha baLakeyalli avu, uLida hesarupadagaLa hAge, ellA bageya oTTugaLondigU bara balluvu: celuvannu, celuvininda, celuvige, celuvinalli, celuvi ginta, celuvina.
ivannu horatupaDisi, uLida paricepadagaLalli kelavu esakaparicegaLu kelavE kelavu pattuge oTTugaLondige sEri padarUpagaLannu paDeyu ttave. I rUpagaLannu keLage vivarisalAgide:
(1) age oTTinalli konegoLLuva beLLage, neTTage, dunDage, kempage, nuNNage modalAda esakaparicegaLannu hesarupadagaLondige baLasuvudakkAgi (endare hesaruparicegaLAgi mArpaDisuvudakkAgi), avakke hesarupattugeya a oTTannu sErisalAguttade; I oTTu sEridAga avu gaLa koneya ekAra bidduhOguttade, mattu in embudu sEri koLLuttade.
esakaparicegaLu beLLage mADida karrage mADida nuNNage bOLisida
neTTage hOda taNNage kuLita
a oTTinondige baLake beLLagina baTTe karragina kUdalu nuNNagina tale neTTagina dAri taNNagina nIru
(2) horage, oLage mattu keLage emba mUru esakaparicegaLige kke, inda, lli mattu a oTTugaLannu sErisi padarUpagaLannu paDeya bahudu; ivugaLalli kke oTTannu sErisidAga, avugaLa koneya ge barigekante bidduhOguttade; mattu a oTTannu sErisidAga, avugaLa baLika in embudu baruttade. idallade, inda mattu lli embavugaLannu a oTTina baLika sErisalAguttade:
horage horakke horagina horagininda keLage
oLakke oLagina oLagininda keLagininda keLakke
keLagina
horaginalli oLaginalli keLaginalli
padarUpagaLa iTTaLa / 319 (3) mEle, hinde mattu munde padagaLu ge barigekanteyalli konegoLLuvudillavAdarU, mElina padagaLa hAge kke, inda, lli mattu a oTTugaLondige baraballuvu; avugaLa koneya ekAra kke oTTina modalu akAravAguttade, mattu a oTTina modalu bidduhOguttade:
mEle hinde munde mundakke mundina mundininda
mElakke mElina mElininda hindakke hindina hindininda
mElinalli hindinalli mundinalli
(4) hattira, dUra, eDa
padagaLU ivE oTTugaLondige baraballuvu; Adare, ivakke a oTTu sEridAga, avugaLa baLika in embudara badalu dakAra baruttade:
mattu bala
hattira dUra eDa bala
hattirakke hattirada hattiradinda dUradinda dUrakke dUrada eDadinda eDakke eDada baladinda balakke balada
hattiradalli dUradalli eDadalli baladalli
(5) modalu, naDuve, idiru mattu ottu padagaLU mElina oTTugaLondige baraballuvu; Adare, ivugaLa baLika ge oTTige ige rUpa ide; mattu, a oTTu sEruva modalu ivugaLa baLika in embudu baruttade:
modalu modalige modalina modalininda modalinalli naDuvinalli naDuve idirinalli idiru ottinalli ottu
naDuvige naDuvina naDuvininda idirige idirina ottige ottina
idirininda ottininda
(6) ninne, monne, ivattu mattu nALe padagaLu ge, a mattu inda oTTugaLondige baraballuvu; ivugaLalli ivattu padada baLika ge oTTige ige rUpa ide; a oTTu sEridAga, ninne, monne mattu ivattu padagaLa baLika in baruttade, mattu nALe padada baLika yakAra baruttade:
ninne monne
ninnege ninnina monnege monnina monnininda
ninnininda
ivattu ivattige ivattina ivattininda nALege nALeya nALeyinda
nALe
4.9.2 ADupadagaLa padarUpagaLu
kannaDadalli nAnu mattu nInu emba eraDu ADupadagaLive; ivu ondu sollina ADuga mattu kELugarannu adE sollinalli gurutisuvu dakkAgi baLakeyAguttave. ivakke nAvu mattu nIvu emba halaveNikeya rUpagaLive. ivannu halaveNikeya vu oTTannu sErisi paDeyabahudu; I oTTu sEridAga nAnu mattu nInu padagaLa eraDaneya barigekante (nu embudu) bidduhOguttade.
ondu sollinallEnE omme gurutisiruva vyaktiyannu innomme gurutisabEkAdAga tAnu emba padavannu baLasalAguttade; I padakkU halaveNikeya vu oTTannu sErisalAguttade, mattu adu sErisidAga, tAnu padada eraDanE barigekante bidduhOguttade (tAnu-tAvu).
mEle 4.8.2 mattu 4.8.3ralli vivarisida esakapattuge mattu hesarupattugeya oTTugaLannu I mUru padagaLa baLikavU baLasalu baruttade. esakapattugeya annu oTTu mattu hesarupattugeya a oTTugaLannu sErisidAga, ivakke nanna, ninna, mattu tanna emba rUpagaLive; ivugaLa halaveNikeya rUpagaLige namma, nimma, mattu tamma emba rUpagaLive:
esakapattugeya annu oTTu
nannannu nammannu
ninnannu nimmannu
tannannu tammannu
hesarupattugeya a oTTu namma nanna nimma ninna tamma tanna
esakapattugeya ige oTTige ivugaLa baLika ge rUpa ide; mattu adu sEridAga, ivakke nana, nina, tana, nama, nima mattu tama emba rUpagaLive:
esakapattugeya ige oTTu namage nanage nimage ninage tamage tanage
padarUpagaLa iTTaLa / 321 esakapattugeya inda mattu lli oTTugaLannu mEle koTTiruva hesarupattugeya rUpagaLige sErisalAguttade (nanninda, namminda, nimminda, nannalli, nammalli, tammalli), mattu ivugaLige inda sEri dAga hesarupattuge rUpada koneya akAra bidduhOguttade.
hesarupattugeya inta oTTannU ivugaLige esakapattugeya ge oTTannu sErisida mEle sErisalAguttade; illU ge oTTina ekAra bidduhOguttade (nanaginta, tanaginta, nimaginta).
4.9.3 tOrupadagaLa padarUpagaLu
kannaDadalli baLakeyAguva tOrupadagaLa paTTiyondannu hindina pasugeyalli (3.5.1ralli) koDalAgide. ivugaLalli ganDasu (avanu, ivanu yAvanu), hengasu (avaLu, ivaLu, yAvaLu), uLidavu (adu, idu, yAvudu), halavaru (avaru, ivaru, yAvaru) mattu halavu (avu, ivu, yAvuvu) embavugaLige ellA esaka pattugeya mattu hesarupattugeya rUpagaLU ive.
(1) ivugaLalli adu, idu mattu yAvudu embavugaLige esakapattugeya annu oTTu sEridAga, avugaLa koneya ukAra biddu hOguttade (adannu, idannu, yAvudannu); ige mattu hesaru pattugeya a oTTu sEridAga avugaLa koneya ukAra akAravAgu ttaz;, mattu, avugaLa baLika ige oTTige kke rUpa ide (adakke, idakke, yAvudakke); hesarupattugeya a oTTu sEridAga avugaLa baLika rakAravondu sErikoLLuttade (adara, idara, yAvudara).
(2) avu, ivu mattu yAvuvu embavugaLige esakapattuge illavE hesarupattugeya oTTugaLu sEridAga, avugaLa baLika hala veNikeya gaLu oTTu baruttade (avugaLannu, ivugaLige, yAvavu gaLa, yAvavugaLige, avugaLalli, ivugaLinda).
(3) uLida mUru bageya (ganDasu, hengasu, halavaru) tOru padagaLondige, mattu yAru padadondige I pattugeya oTTugaLu nEravAgi sEruttave; mattu hAge sEruvAga, I tOrupadagaLa koneya ukAra bidduhOguttade. idakke ettugeyAgi avanu, ivaLu mattu yAru padagaLa padarUpagaLannu keLage koDalAgide:
avanannu
avaninda
avanige
avanalli
avaniginta avana
ivaLannu
ivaLinda
ivaLige
ivaLalli
ivaLiginta ivana
yArannu yArinda yArige yAralli yAriginta yAra
(4) uLida enTu bageya tOrupadagaLalli jAga (alli, illi, elli), dina (andu, indu, endu) mattu aLavi (aSTu, iSTu, eSTu) embavu inda, ge mattu a oTTugaLondige baraballuvu.
(ka) hesarupattugeya a oTTu sEridAga, ivugaLalli jAga mattu dina padagaLa baLika in embudu baruttade, mattu aLavi padagaLa baLika rakAra baruttade; inda oTTu jAga padagaLige nEravAgi sEruttade, mattu uLida eraDu bageya padagaLalli hesarupattugeya a oTTina baLika baruttade; Adare, ivugaLa koneya akAra bidduhOguttade.
jAga alli allina allinda indininda aSTarinda
dina indu indina
aLavi aSTu aSTara
(ca) esakapattugeya ge oTTige jAga mattu dina padagaLa baLika ige rUpa ide; aLaviya padagaLa koneya ukAra akAravAguttade, mattu avugaLa baLika adakke kke rUpa ide. aLaviya padagaLa baLika esaka pattugeya lli oTTU baraballudu; Adare adu hesarupattugeya a oTTina baLika baruttade. I padarUpagaLige ettugeyAgi keLage alli, indu mattu eSTu padagaLa padarUpagaLannu koDalAgide.
jAga allige —
dina indige —
aLavi eSTakke eSTaralli
(Ta) hottina padagaLa (Aga, Iga, yAvAga) baLika esakapattugeya inda oTTu, mattu hesarupattugeya a oTTu baraballuvu; ivugaLalli inda oTTu a oTTina baLika baruttade; a oTTu sEruvAga, I padagaLa baLika in embudu baruttade:
padarUpagaLa iTTaLa / 323
Agina agininda
Igina Igininda
yAvAgina yAvAgininda
uLida tOrupadagaLige heccina padarUpagaLilla.
4.9.4 eNikepadagaLa padarUpagaLu
hesarupadagaLondige baruva eraDu bageya pattugeya oTTugaLU (4.8. 2-3 nODi) eNikepadagaLondige baruttave. esakapattugeya oTTu gaLalli annu oTTu sEridAga avugaLa koneya ukAra biddu hOguttade (4.1.1(1) nODi):
ondu ondannu
mUru mUrannu
ELannu
ELu
hattu mUvattu ayvattondu ayvattondannu
hattannu mUvattannu
ge oTTige ivugaLa baLika kke rUpa iddu, idu 4.8.2ralli
koTTiruva kaTTalege horapaDikeyAgide:
mUru mUrakke
enTu enTakke
hattakke
hattu
ippattu
ayvattu
nUramUvattu
ippattakke ayvattakke nUramUvattakke
kke oTTina baLika hesarupattugeya inta oTTu baraballudu:
eraDakke eraDakkinta mUrakke mUrakkinta
ayvattakke mUvattakke
ayvattakkinta mUvattakkinta
hesarupattugeya a oTTannu ivugaLige sErisuva modalu rakAra
vannu sErisalAguttade:
mUru mUrara
aydu aydara
hattu
hattara
naluvattu mUvattu nUru
naluvattara mUvattara nUrara
esakapattugeya inda mattu lli oTTugaLu I a oTTina rUpagaLa
baLika baruttave:
(1) inda oTTina baLake: mUrara mUrarinda enTara enTarinda
(2) lli oTTina baLake: hattara hattaralli
eraDara eraDaralli
naluvattara nUrara
naluvattarinda nUrarinda
ayvattara ippattara
ayvattaralli ippattaralli
sAvira, lakSa, miliya, kOTi modalAda eravalu padagaLU mEle vivarisida pattugeya oTTugaLannu paDeyaballuvu; Adare, avu I oTTugaLannu eNikeya padagaLa hAge paDeyuva badalu, bEre hesaru padagaLa hAge paDeyuttave. idakke kelavu ettugegaLannu keLage koDalAgide:
sAvira sAviravannu miliya miliyakke lakSakke lakSakkinta
sAvira sAvirada
lakSada lakSadinda
sAvirada sAviradalli
lakSa kOTi sAvirakke
kOTi miliyada kOTiya
lakSavannu kOTige sAvirakkinta kOTiya miliyadinda kOTiyalli
mElina oTTugaLu mAtravallade, ondu paTTiyalli obba vyakti, ondu vastu illavE ondu viSayayada jAgavannu sUcisuva aneya illavE anE oTTannU eNikeya padagaLige sErisi padarUpagaLannu paDeyabahudu: nAlkaneya (nAlkanE) huDuga, hattaneya mara, aydanE ATa.
4.10 tiruLu
I pattugeyalli padagaLannu sollugaLalli baLasabEkAdAga avakke koDabEkAguva padarUpagaLu entahavu embudannu vivarisalAgide. bErellA padagaLigintalU esakapadagaLige kannaDadalli tumbA heccu padarUpagaLive; mattu, ivugaLalli himbottina padarUpagaLannu unTu mADuvudu bErellA padarUpagaLannu unTumADuvudakkintalU heccu toDakinadAgide.
padarUpagaLa iTTaLa / 325
kannaDada padagaLalli esakapadagaLannu ondu gumpinalliyU uLidellA padagaLannu innondu gumpinalliyU irisi hELabahudu; yAkendare, esakapadagaLa padarUpagaLannu unTumADuvalli bEreyE oTTugaLu baLakeyAguttave, mattu uLidellA padagaLa padarUpagaLannu unTu mADuvalli heccukaDime ondE bageya oTTugaLu baLakeyAguttave.
I eraDu bageya oTTugaLa baLakeyannu, mattu avu sEridAga avugaLalli mattu avugaLondige baruva padagaLalli kANisikoLLuva sErikeya mArpADugaLannu illi vivaravAgi tiLisikoDalAgide.
kelavu arimeya padagaLu
pAribhAShika pada racane vatramAnakAla
dhvani
I pustakadalli hosadAgi baLakeyAgiruva kelavu arimeya padagaLige heccukaDime hondikeyAgaballa samskruta mattu ingliS padagaLannu keLage koDalAgide.
arimeya pada iTTaLa
Ipottu
uli
ulikante
ulipu
ettuge
esakapada
oTTu
oyyuge
OraNa
kaTTale
kuraLu
kELvi
taDe gurutu
tereyuli
tOrupada
nele-tiLivu
pattuge
padanerake
parice
paricepada
pasuge
pAngu
technical term structure present tense sound, phone syllable pronunciation example verb affix medium order rule paragraph question
comma vowel demonstrative pronoun topic-comment relation dictionary characteristic adjective, adverb chapter role
uccAraNe
udAharaNe kriyApada
pratyaya
mAdhyama
krama
(niyama)
vAkyaparicchEda praSne
sambandha
padakOSa
svarUpa
viSESaNapada adhyAya
pAtra
svara
kelavu arimeya padagaLu / 327
barige
barigepaTTi
beragu
mucculi
mumbottu
sikkalu sollarime
himbottu
huruLu
hesarupada
gurutisuvudu baLake pattuge huruLu pattuge nelegoLisu uliya EriLita jODupada horapaDike bEru aNakapada
konerUpa korepada
arikerUpa ADuga kELuga heratu esakapattuge hesarupattuge ujjuli
mUguli
taDeyuli
badiyuli
maDaculi
hoDeyuli
akShara
varNamAle AScarya
vyanjana
bhaviShyatkAla sankIrNa
vyAkaraNa
bhUtakAla
athra
nAmapada
samAsa
apavAda
dhAtu
AjYArthaka uttama
madhyama
prathama vibhakti ShaShThI vibhakti UShma anunAsika
spaShra
mUrdhanya rEpha
letter alphabet exclamation consonant future tense complex
grammar past tense meaning noun reference pragmatic relation semantic relation grounding intonation compound exception root onamatopoea finite form irregular word imperative first person second person third person case genitive fricative nasal stop lateral retroflex flap
taDeyilladuli naDurUpa
gunugunisuva Uduli
ippuruLu
oLanuDita
esakaparice hesaruparice gurutina oTTu OreNike
halaveNike
ganDugurta
heNNugurta
uLikegurta allagaLeta
bEDike
ghOSha
mahAprANa arthasandigdhate vigrahavAkya kriyAviSEShaNa nAmaviSEShaNa AkhyAta pratyaya Ekavacana
bahuvacana pullinga
strIlinga
napumsakalinga niShEdhArthaka
frictionless continuant non-finite form voiced aspirated ambiguity
adverb adjective personal suffix singular plural masculine feminine neuter negation condition