kannaDa barahada sollarime — Di. En. sankara bhaT
mukhyavAda viSaya: kannaData baragada sollarime, pada-gumpugaLu, padarUpagaLu, sOLLugaLa iTTaLa kartaru: Di. En. sankara bhaT prakaTane: 2010 (eraDU samputagaLU) mudraka: bhASha prakasana, heggODu, sAgara samputagaLu: 4 (samputa 1: aD. 1–4; samputa 2: aD. 5–6; samputa 3: aD. 7–8; samputa 4: aD. 9–10) nuDi: kannaDa (hosa baraha) mUla: English
gurti: ee pauta adhyAya-vAru sankSipta saramsa — pUrNa Eke baraha paTha: sampuTa 1 (aD. 1–4) → | sampuTa 2 (aD. 5–6) → | sampuTa 3 (aD. 7–8) → | sampuTa 4 (aD. 9–10) →
viSaya-paTTi
samputa 1
samputa 2
samputa 3
samputa 4
1. munnOTa
(ಮುನ್ನೋಟ)
ee adhyAya sollarime emba arimeya kSetravu samskxta-mUlada vyAkaraNa tattvagaLinda hEge bEre embadannu tOrisi, kannaData nuDiyarikattu-mAnagaLalli bEku endu baT avaru vAdisuttAre. kannaDa baragada nuDi, mAtanADuva nuDi, mattu nuDiyarimeya beSa nuDigaLannu bEridu kOrisuttade. lEkhana-paddatiyannu (baravaNige, sandhi, viramacihne) vivarisi, vAkyada iTTaLavannu mElagaNa mADi, uligaLu mattu barigegaLa naDuvina sambandhavannu sparSisuttade. hosa baraha embude baragada saripaDikeya prayOjanagaLannu sankSiptagOLisuttade.
2. padagaLa iTTaLa: hesarupadagaLu
(ಪದಗಳ ಇಟ್ಟಳ: ಹೆಸರುಪದಗಳು)
ee adhyAya kannaData hesarupadagaLa oLaracaneyalla savisatarAvAda 11 sandhi-niyamagaLannu koDuttade, hesarupadagaLa bheTagaLannu — rUDanAma, sAmAnya hesaru, esaka-mUlinda toLedu paDeda hesarugaLu — vargIsuttade. 16akku hecca hesarupada-sxSTiyuva padoTTugaLannu (udA: -ike, -ta, -a, -vaLi) paTTi mADi vivarisi, jODupadagaLa racane mattu amsugaLa naDuvina dvani-badalavannu kanDukoLLuttade. samskxtada samAsa-vargIkaraNeyanu munnilisi, baT avaru adannu kannaData iTTaLakke hEge tattaruvudilla endu tOrisuttAre.
3. padagaLa iTTaLa: uLida padagaLu
(ಪದಗಳ ಇಟ್ಟಳ: ಉಳಿದ ಪದಗಳು)
ee adhyAya esakapadagaLu, paricepaDagaLu, sUcakagaLu, sankhyegaLu mattu eravalu padagaLa oLaracaneyanu vivarisi. -isu kAraka-oTTu esakapadagaLinda hosa esakapadagaLannu hEge sxSTisuttade embadannu kOrisuttade. 12 mukhyavAda kUDupada-neravesakapadagaLannu (udA: biDu, koDu, koLLu, hogu) paTTi mADuttade — ee neravesakapadagaLu artha-mArpu mattu bALike-pAngugaLannu koLLuttave. paricepaDagaLa mUru bhAgIya rUpagaLannu (kriya-parice, nAma-parice, mattu prAthamika parice) sparSisuttade. sankhyeyuva padagaLu mattu sUcaka padagaLa saviseyannu kOrisuttade. eravalu padagaLannu kannaData uligaLa mUlakavanE hEge bareyabEku embadannu vivEcisuttade.
4. padarUpagaLa iTTaLa
(ಪದರೂಪಗಳ ಇಟ್ಟಳ)
ee adhyAya samputa 1 ra mahatvaputAda adhyAya. kannaData esakapadagaLa 36 padarUpagaLannu — 23 sImapadagaLu (finitE) mattu 13 asImapadagaLu (non-finitE) — paTTi mADi vistAravAgi vivarisi. hesarupadagaLa vibakti-paritige (case paradigm) hEge racaLAgutte embadannu kOrisuttade. sandhi-niyamagaLu padarUpa-sxSTiyalli hEge kArya mADuttave embadannu tOrisuttade. sIma-esakapadagaLalli hottu, vAcaka, mattu bALike-pAngu nengisuttade; asIma-esakapadagaLalli modalEsaka, mArEsaka, mattu oDanEsaka rUpagaLu sambandha kOrisuttave.
5. esakapadagaLa baLake
(ಎಸಕಪದಗಳ ಬಳಕೆ)
ee adhyAya samputa 2 ru toDaguttade — esakapadagaLu vAkyadi hEge baLakeyAgutte embadannu vivarisi. tiruLesakapada (mukhya esaka) mattu neravesakapada (sahAyaka esaka) naDuvina bedannu viSadagOLisuttade. sollu paTTuge (utterance time) mattu esaka pATTuge (event time) emba eraDu kAla-sUcane-mAnagaLannu upayOgi hottu-nirdESavannu vivEcisuttade. iru-kriya mattu modalEsaka, mArEsaka, oDanEsaka rUpagaLu sEridAga artha-pAngu (aspect) hEge rUpalaguttade embadannu tOrisuttade. modal neravesakapadagaLu, nEraLa-nijagaLu, mattu niSedu-rUpagaLu sparSisuttade.
6. padakantegaLa iTTaLa
(ಪದಕಂತೆಗಳ ಇಟ್ಟಳ)
ee adhyAya vAkyadi esakapadakke bEkAda pAngugaLannu (valences/arguments) vivarisi. pAngu emba kannaData-native paribhASe upayOgi semantic pAngugaLu — mADuga (agent), paDuvaga (patient), jAga, hottu, modalAda — hEge hesarupada-kantedi nengisuttave embadannu viSadagOLisuttade. mADuga mattu paDuvaga emba vibhajana kannaData sOLLu-racaneya mUlabhUta tattva endu baT avaru vAdisuttAre. vibakti-oTTugaLa artha-hirime mattu avugaLu pAngu-sUcisuvudannu vivarisi, kannaDatada hesarupada-kante anta yAvu rUpadi racaLAguttade embadannu tOrisuttade.
7. suLusoLLugaLa racane
(ಸುಳುಸೊಲ್ಲುಗಳ ರಚನೆ)
ee adhyAya suLusoLLu (ondu esakapada mattu adakke sambandisida hesarupada-kantegaLu iruva sOLLu) ra racaneyannu vivarisi. hELike-sOLLu, praSne-sOLLu, adesige-sOLLu, mattu ucchara-sOLLu emba nAlku illocutionary bheTagaLannu vivEcisuttade. viSeSaNa-kantegaLu (adjuncts) hEge sOLLige sErikOLLuttave embadannu tOrisi, artha-tOrike (implicature) mattu munnotipu (presupposition) naDuvina bedannu viSadagOLisuttade. esakapadada sthAna (SOV krama) mattu hesarupada-kantegaLa krama kannaData suLusoLLuda mUlabhUta lakShaNagaLu endu baT avaru tOrisuttAre.
8. aDaka mattu jODu soLLugaLu
(ಅಡಕ ಮತ್ತು ಜೋಡು ಸೊಲ್ಲುಗಳು)
ee adhyAya eraDu bageya sankIrNa sOLLu-racaneyanu vivarisi. jODusoLLugaLu (compound sentences) sErike-soLLuTTugaLu upayOgi racaLAguttave; avugaLalli sAmAnyavAga oru-sandarbha-tattva (co-referentiality constraint) pALaneyAgutte embadannu baT avaru tOrisuttAre. aDakasoLLugaLu (embedded clauses) hesarupada-kante, parice-kante, yA adesige-kanteyAgi vAkyadi oLagE sErikOLLuvudannu vivarisi. viSaya-muncoLLu (topicalization) mattu nEmaka-muncoLLu (focus) emba samvAda-tattva-vAda vivEcisuttade. SOV-krama kannaData mULa-iTTaLa endu, mattu hesarupada-munde baruvudu (pre-nominal modification) kannaDatada mELa-kattu (head-finality) ra lakShaNa endu baT avaru vAdisuttAre.
9. ADupadagaLa baLake
(ಆಡುಪದಗಳ ಬಳಕೆ)
ee adhyAya kannaData ADupadagaLa (pronouns) oLaracaneyanu mattu vAkyadi avugaLa baLakeyanu vivarisi. ADupadagaLu hesarupadagaLinda hEge bErAguttave, avugaLa anuvartane-niyamagaLu (anaphora rules) hEge kArya mADuttave embadannu tOrisi, tAnu-pada (reflexive) mattu tOrUpada (demonstrative) naDuvina bedannu vivEcisuttade.
10. tOrUpadagaLa baLake
(ತೋರುಪದಗಳ ಬಳಕೆ)
ee kaDeyA adhyAya kannaData tOrUpadagaLa (demonstratives) iTTaLa mattu baLakeyanu vivarisi. I/A/O vibhAgadalli dUra-samIpa-bedannu, mattu tOrUpadagaLu sOLLu-sandarbhadi hEge nirdESa mADuttave embadannu kOrisuttade. sampuTa 4 ra magatavAda adhyAya.
muKya pari-paLa-sUci (Key Terms Glossary)
| kannaDa baraha | Eke baraha | artha |
|---|---|---|
| ಸೊಲ್ಲರಿಮೆ | sollarime | grammar (native Kannada term) |
| ಸೊಲ್ಲು | soLLu | sentence |
| ಕಟ್ಟಲೆ | kaTTale | rule |
| ಒಟ್ಟು | oTTu | affix |
| ಬರಿಗೆ | barige | letter (in a script) |
| ಉಲಿ | uli | phoneme / sound |
| ಪದ | pada | word |
| ಹೆಸರುಪದ | hesarupada | noun |
| ಎಸಕಪದ | esakapada | verb |
| ಪರಿಚೆಪದ | paricepada | qualifier / adjective |
| ಪದಕಂತೆ | padakante | noun phrase |
| ಪದರೂಪ | padarUpa | word form (inflected form) |
| ಜೋಡುಪದ | jODupada | compound word |
| ಕೂಡುಪದ | kUDupada | compound verb |
| ಇಟ್ಟಳ | iTTaLa | structure |
| ಹೊತ್ತು | hottu | time / tense reference |
| ಮೂಂಬೊತ್ತು | mUmbottu | non-past tense |
| ಹಿಂಬೊತ್ತು | himbottu | past tense |
| ತಿರುಳೆಸಕಪದ | tiruLesakapada | main verb |
| ನೆರವೆಸಕಪದ | neravesakapada | auxiliary verb |
| ಮೊದಲೆಸಕ | modalEsaka | prior-action converb |
| ಮಾರೆಸಕ | mArEsaka | purposive converb |
| ಒಡನೆಸಕ | oDanEsaka | simultaneous-action converb |
| ಪಾಂಗು | pAngu | semantic role (valence argument) |
| ಮಾಡುಗ | mADuga | agent (doer) |
| ಪಡುವಗ | paDuvaga | patient (undergoer) |
| ಜೋಡುಸೊಲ್ಲು | jODusoLLu | compound sentence |
| ಅಡಕಸೊಲ್ಲು | aDakasoLLu | embedded / complex sentence |
| ಸುಳುಸೊಲ್ಲು | suLusoLLu | simple sentence |
| ಸಂಧಿ | sandi | sandhi (sound junction rule) |
| ಹೊಸ ಬರಹ | hosa baraha | reformed / simplified spelling |
| ನುಡಿ | nuDi | spoken language |
| ಬರಹ | baraha | written language / script |
ee dastavEju Di. En. sankara bhaT avarA “kannaData sollarime” (2010, eraDu samputagaLu) pustakadinaduva Eke baraha-rUpadi samyOjita saramsa. mUla kannaDa baraha vol1/kn/full.md dalli mattu English saramsa en/summary.md dalli kANabahudu.