kannaDa barahada sollarime — sampuTa ೩
lEkhakaru: Di. en. Sankara bhaT prakaTaNe: 2012, bASAprakASana, heggoDu mUla: PDF (Google Drive) — Baraha phAnT → Unicode parivartan
oLapiDi (sampuTa ೩)
- adhyAya ೭ — esakapadada pAngugaLu
- 7.1 munnOTa
- 7.2 iruhapadada pAngITTaLagaLu
- 7.3 esakapadagaLa pAngITTaLagaLu
- 7.4 iTTaLada pAngugaLa bagegaLu
- 7.4.1 iTTaLada pAngugaLu mattu nerevu pAngugaLu
- 7.4.2 Aguga, mADuga, mattu IDu
- 7.4.3 Aguga mattu mADuga pAngugaLu
- 7.4.4 IDu pAngu
- 7.4.5 guri, suru mattu jAga pAngugaLu
- 7.4.6 suru mattu guri pAngugaLu
- 7.4.7 suru pAngina baLakegaLu
- 7.4.8 guri pAngina baLakegaLu
- 7.4.9 jAga pAngina baLakegaLu
- 7.4.10 Aguga ilvE mADuga mattu guri
- 7.4.11 kelavu heccina pAngugaLu
- 7.5 nerevu pAngugaLu: hottu mattu imbu
- 7.6 bEre nerevu pAngugaLu
- adhyAya ೮ — pAngITTaLadalli mArpADugaLu
- 8.1 munnOTa
- 8.2 esakapadavannu mArpaDiside pAngITTaLavannu mArpaDisudu
- 8.3 isuvEsakapadagaLa pAngITTaLagaLu
- 8.4 sErikeyesakada pAngITTaLagaLu
- 8.5 eduresaka da pAngITTaLagaLu
- 8.5.1 hancikekante mattu pattugeykante
- 8.5.2 pattugeykanteyanu hOluva bEre bageya iTTaLagaLu
- 8.5.3 haLaveNikeya oTTu
- 8.5.4 oTTusErisudu mattu ondAguvudu
- 8.5.5 ondugUDuva pAngugaLu
- 8.5.6 oLa esakagaLa hottu
- 8.5.7 bEre huruLugaLu
- 8.5.8 eduresaka mattu sErikeyesaka
- 8.5.9 eduresakada esakapadagaLu
- 8.5.10 edurhuruLina hesarupadagaLu
- 8.5.11 eduresakapadagaLa rUpagaLu
- 8.6 kUDupadagaLa pAngITTaLagaLu
- 8.7 mADugavannu maremaAcuvudu
adhyAya ೭ — esakapadada pAngugaLu
7.1 munnOTa
iruhagaLannu tiLisuva mattu esakagaLannu tiLisuva enbudAgi tiLisuva sollugaLannu mukyavAgi eraDu gumpugaLalli sErisi hELalu baruttade enbudannu nAvu modaLaneya pasugeyalli (1.5.1ralli) nODiruvevu. ivugaLalli iruhagaLannu tiLisuva sollugaLa koneyalli sAmAnyavAgi iru enba ondE oru iruhapada baruttade; intaha kelavu bageya sollugaLalli A padavannu baLasadiruvUdu ide.
7.1.1 iruhagaLu mattu esakagaLu
iruhagaLannu tiLisalu kannaDadalli iru enba oru pada mAtra baLakeyallide; hAgAgi, adannu tiruLupadavAgi baLasi uNTumADaballa sollugaLalli hecca bagegaLilla. iruvikeyanu tiLisuva, pariceyanu tiLisuva, mattu pattugeyannu tiLisuva enba mUru muky bagegaLannu mAtra avugaLalli kANabahuda.
7.1.2 pAngugaLa bagegaLu
esakapadagaLondigeya enTaha pAngugaLu mattu eSaTu pAngugaLu baraballa enbudu mukyavAgi A esakapadagaLa huruLannu avalambisiruttade. iTTaLada pAngugaLu (mADuga, IDu, guri, suru, jAga) mattu nerevu pAngugaLu (hottu, imbu, muTTu, kaTA) enba eraDu muky bagegaLida.
7.1.3 Aykeya kaTTu
oru esakapadavannu oru sollu tiLisubEkAdalli, adara pAngITTaLadalli taDayana pAngugaLannu berayabEkAgi baruttade. yAvayu pAngugaLu bArabe enbudu Aykeya kaTTininda (selectional restriction) nirdharisalAguttade.
7.1.4 hesarupadagaLa pAngugaLu
hesarupadagaLu pAngugaLAgi baruva mUru bagegaLu: (1) oTTisida hesarupadagaLu, (2) esakapadagaLa hesaruRUpagaLu, (3) bEre bageya hesarupadagaLu.
7.2 iruhapadada pAngITTaLagaLu
iru pada oru esakapadavalla; iru pada solladalli esakavannu tiLisuvudilla, iruhavanu tiLisuttade. hAgAgi adara pAngITTaLa esakapadagaLa pAngITTaLadinada bErAgide.
7.2.1 iruhavanu tiLisuva sollugaLu
iru padavannu tiruLupadavAgi baLasida sollugaLalli: iruvikeyada iTTaLa, pariceyada iTTaLa, mattu pattugeyada iTTaLa enba mUru bagegaLu kANuttave.
7.2.2 iru padada pAngITTaLagaLu
iru padavannu baLasida sollugaLalli obbaru iru pAnga iTTaLadalli Aguga pAngAgi baruttAre; nerevu pAngugaLU baruttave.
7.2.3 iruvikeyada iTTaLa
iruvikeyada iTTaLadalli jAga pAng baruttade (SAmara_rAyaru maneyalliddAre). nereva pAngugaLU sAhiti bandu baLakeyAguva nidaSana kANutteve.
7.2.4 parice iTTaLa
parice iTTaLadalli Aguga pAng baruttade, mattu adara pariceyanu tiLisuva paricepadavU baruttade (Ake tuTi kempagide). Agu pada baLakeyAguva nidaSanagaLU kANutteve.
7.2.5 pattuge iTTaLa
pattuge iTTaLadalli Aguga, pattugeya SikkaLa rUpagaLu (nisida, bande, kUDide etc.) baruttave: A mudukanige nUru muDi gadde ide.
7.2.6 iruhada hottu
iru padada kaLe-bAL-nODu-iTTaLagaLa naDuvina vyatyAsagaLannu vivarisuttade. iruhada hAlahabbadannu tiLisuva nerevu pAngugaLU baruttave.
7.2.7 iruha mattu esaka
kelavu sollugaLalli iru pada esakapadada huruLalli baLakeyAguttade. iru padada pAngITTaLagaLu esakapadagaLa pAngITTaLagaLininda hEgE bErAgive enbudu vivarisalAgide.
7.2.8 iruhada huruLinallli esakapadagaLa baLake
iru padada bAdalu bEre esakapadagaLannu iruhada huruLalli baLasalAguva nidaSanagaLu: kUri pada (kUri iru → ide), kANu pada (kANu → kANuttade), nila pada (nilluttade) etc.
7.3 esakapadagaLa pAngITTaLagaLu
esakapadagaLannu eraDu muky bagegaLalli gumpilAyitu: mADuha padagaLu (oDu, ODu, uNNu — mADugakke hAtOTi iru) mattu Aguha padagaLu (oDe, bILu, ciguRu — yAvuda pAngigU hAtOTi illa). I eraDu bageyU bEre bEre pAngITTaLagaLannu hondiruttave.
7.3.2 Aguha padagaDa pAngITTaLagaLu
Aguha padagaLu mukyavAgi Aguga pAngannu mAtrame hondiruttave. maDeya oDeyitu (Aguga mAtra). mattu kelavu Aguha padagaLige IDu pAngU baruttade: avanugeya cELu kaccitu (Aguga + IDu).
7.3.4 nanasina huruLu mattu nenasina huruLu
esakapadagaLa nanasa (real-world) huruLu mattu nenasa (abstract/hypothetical) huruLu naDuvina vyatyAsavannu vivarisuttade. I vyatyAsa pAngITTaLada aNattannu tiLisuttade.
7.4 iTTaLada pAngugaLa bagegaLu
iTTaLada pAngugaLannu Aguga, mADuga, IDu, guri, suru, jAga enba UpAdi bagegaLalli gumpilAyitu. I bagegaLa naDuvina vyatyAsagaLu mattu hOlikegaLannu vivarisuttade.
7.4.2 Aguga, mADuga mattu IDu
Aguga = pAtient/theme (esakadalli hAtOTiillada pAngu); mADuga = doer (hAtOTiyiruva pAngu); IDu = recipient/beneficiary. avanu maguvinige oru haNNu koTTa (mADuga + IDu + guri).
7.4.3 Aguga mattu mADuga pAngugaLu
Aguga mattu mADuga pAngugaLu sollinallli hEgE guruti sikkaduve enbudu, mattu avugaLa naDuvina vyatyAsagaLannu (karataka vs. akarataka) vivarisuttade.
7.4.5 guri, suru mattu jAga pAngugaLu
guri = goal/destination; suru = source/origin; jAga = location. avanu bengaLURige hOda (guri). avanu bengaLURininda banda (suru). avanu maneyalli kUta (jAga).
7.5 nerevu pAngugaLu: hottu mattu imbu
nerevu pAngugaLu solladalli muky pAngugaLalla (mADuga, IDu etc.) — avugaLu esakada hottu, imbu, muTTu, kaTa, aLabu moDaladavugaLannu tiLisuttave. I pasugeyalli hottu mattu imbu pAngugaLannu vistaravAgi nODalAyitu.
7.5.1 hottina tiLivu
hottu nerevu pAngugaLu esakada kALa-sambandha-sthiti tiLisuttave: padagaLa hondike, neleya haravu, hottina aLate, hottina gaDuvinige jAga pAngu, hottina nelegE guri pAngu etc. (8 bagegaLu).
7.5.2 imbina tiLivu
imbu nerevu pAngugaLu esakada jAga sambandha tiLisuttave: padagaLa hondike, saribadiya padagaLu, imbinallli mArpADu, hecca padakantegaLa baLake, imbina aLate (10 bagegaLu).
7.5.3 hottu mattu imbu
sollinalli hottu mattu imbu pAngugaLu ondigE bAra balla nidaSanagaLu mattu avugaLa naDuvina sambandhavannu vivarisuttade.
7.6 bEre nerevu pAngugaLu
hottu mattu imbinallAde bEre nerevu pAngugaLu: muTTu (instrument), kaTA (cause), aLabu (purpose), oDanADi (comitative), hOluga (comparison), mattu hAtOTi tappida mADuga (uncontrolled agent).
7.6.1 esakada muTTu
muTTu pAngu (instrument): avanu kattiyinda AdanU koccida. katti = muTTu pAngu; indu onta baLakeyAguva padagaLu (kattiyinda, kelasadininda etc.).
7.6.6 hAtOTi tappida mADuga
kelavu sollugaLalli mADuga pAngu esaka nadesidarU adara mEle hAtOTi hondiruvudilla: gALi marada tALe uDisibitTitu (wind = uncontrolled agent). I tarahada pAngugaLu suRu pAngAgi bAra balla.
adhyAya ೮ — pAngITTaLadalli mArpADugaLu
8.1 munnOTa
esakapadagaLondigeya pAngITTaLagaLalli eraDu bageya mArpADugaLannu naDasilAyitu: (1) esakapadavannu mArpaDiside pAngITTaLavannu mArpaDisudu, (2) esakapadavannu mArpaDisi (isuvesaka, sErikeyesaka, eduresaka rUpagaLu) pAngITTaLavannu mArpaDisudu.
8.1.1 esakapadavannu mArpaDiside baLasuvudu
oru esakapadavannu mArpADugaLade, adara pAngITTaLadalli mArpADugaLannu naDasilAyitu. ettugeginAgi: Aguga mAtra → mADuga + IDu (kareya — oDeyitu vs. avanu eraDannu kareyida).
8.1.2 esakapadavannu mArpaDisi baLasuvudu
isuvEsaka (causative), sErikeyesaka (reflexive), eduresaka (reciprocal) rUpagaLu esakapadavannu mArpaDisuva mUlaka pAngITTaLadalli mArpADugaLannu tарuttave.
8.2 esakapadavannu mArpaDiside pAngITTaLavannu mArpaDisudu
8.2.1 esakapadagaLa pAngITTaLagaLalli mArpADugaLu
11 bageya mArpADugaLu vivarisalAgide: Aguga mAtra → mADuga+IDu; mADuga pAngu Aguga pAngAguvudu; mADuga+IDu+suru → mADuga+IDu; mADuga+IDu+guri → mADuga+suru+IDu; etc.
8.2.2 iru padada pAngITTaLagaLalli mArpADugaLu
iru padada mUru iTTaLagaLa naDuvina mArpADugaLu: iruvikeyada iTTaLa ↔ pariceyada iTTaLa; iruvikeyada iTTaLa ↔ pattugeyada iTTaLa; pariceyada iTTaLa ↔ pattugeyada iTTaLa.
8.3 isuvEsakapadagaLa pAngITTaLagaLu
isuvEsaka rUpa (causative): oDe → oDisu; ODu → ODisu; uNNu → uNNisu. I rUpadinda mADuga oru hecca pAngu seruttade — kAryakaraNavannu naDesisuva pAngu. avanu maguvinige huLi uNNisida (mADuga + IDu + Aguga).
8.3.4 isuvEsakapadagaLa huruLugaLu
isuvEsaka padagaLige eraDu bagegaLu: (1) nErada kAryakAraNavAgi (avanu aDuge mADisida — avanu mADida), (2) paro_kSa kAryakAraNavAgi (avanu aDuge mADISida — bErondannu mADisida).
8.4 sErikeyesakada pAngITTaLagaLu
sErikeyesaka rUpa (reflexive/reciprocal derived verbs): tAne mADikoLLuvudu (rAju uDupiskoNDa). I rUpadinda mADuga mattu IDu pAngugaLu ondu pAnga sEruttave.
8.5 eduresakada pAngITTaLagaLu
eduresaka rUpa (reciprocal): avaru obbarigobbaru nODikoNDaru. I rUpadinda eraDu pAngugaLu parpara sambandha hondiruttave.
8.5.1 hancikekante mattu pattugeykante
hancikekante (distributive phrase): obbobbarigU; pattugeykante (relational noun phrase): obbarigobbaru. avugaLa bALakegaLalli vyatyAsagaLannu vivarisuttade.
8.6 kUDupadagaLa pAngITTaLagaLu
eraDu ilvE hecca esakapadagaLannu jODisuva rUpagaLu baLasida kUDupadagaLu (complex predicates): hodate horada, nODi banda, uNDu malagikoNDa. I kUDupadagaLa pAngITTaLagaLannu vivarisuttade.
8.7 mADugavannu maremaAcuvudu
solladalli mADuga pAngannu tiLisade biDabahudAda nidaSanagaLu: paDu pada baLake (passive-like construction), aDuge mADiside (implicit agent). I rUpadinda mADuga pAng hini hELadantAguttade.
8.7.2 paDu padada baLake
paDu pada (passive auxiliary): avanu hoDeyapaTTa; kalla maDiyapaTTu. paDu pada baLasida sollugaLalli mADuga pAngu tiLisade biDalAguttade — kannaDadalli idu muky ‘passive’ hOlabada.