kannaDadalle hosapadagaLannu kaTTuva bage

lEkhakaru: Di. en. Sankara baT mULa: YouTube udangaLu — 42 bhAgagaLu odidaravaru: malati baT

mUla paThya (kannaDa lipi): kn/full.md ingliS viSlEShaNe: en/summary.md

oLapiDi

viShaya 1 — tattva: kannaDadallE hosapadagaLannu kaTTabekU

bhAgagaLu 1–2

📼 bhAgagaLu 1–2 →

kannaDadalli hosapadagaLannu kaTTuvAga samskxta pada mattu oTTugaLannu balasuvaDE hecca. avara gamanakke baruvudilla — kannaDadavE Ada padagaLu mattu oTTugaLannu baLasi kUDa hosapadagaLannu kaTTabahudu enbudu. idariMdAgi kannaDigara baraha sAmAnya janara mAtugaLiMda dUra hOguttide.

kannaDadalli mUru muKya pada varggagaLive: hesaruppada (noun), esakappada (verb), mattu pariceppada (adjective/adverb). ee mUru varggagaLallU hoSa padagaLannu kaTTabahudu. eraDu muKya hammuggegaLu: (1) hinoTTu sErisuvudu — kaTTuppada; (2) eraDu padagaLannu jODisuvudu — jODuppada, idara eraDanE anga yaDAgiluM hesaruppada.

hoSa esakappadagaLannu kaTTalu ‘isu’ enba ondu oTTu mAtranE balakayyallide. pariceppadagaLannu hoSadAgi kaTTuvudu hecca aLavina kElasavalla — hesarupadagaLa pattugegeyA rUpagaLannu mattu esakapadagaLa parice rUpagaLannu pariceppada jAgadalli baLasuvudE hecca balakayyallide.

viShaya 2 — hesarupadagaLu: esaka mUladinda padagaLu

bhAgagaLu 3–7

📼 bhAgagaLu 3–7 →

esaka padagaLiMda hesarupadagaLannu kaTTalu nAlku muKya hinoTTugaLive:

-iga / -ga (esaka mADuvavanu): barEga (bareyuvavanu), kaliga (kaliyuvavanu), gelluiga (gelluvavanu). striI rUpakke: -itti sErisuvudu — nADigitti, ArEigitti.

-gAra (hesaruppada mUlada vxtti naDEsuvavanu): tIrppugAra (umpire), valasEgAra (emigre), kelasagAra (artisan). striI rUpakke: -ti sErisuvudu — nalmeigArti.

-ika / -ke (esaka mADuvuda kElasa, abstract noun): hanciike (idea), eccarike (notice), tALike (stamina). -e mattu -i ante karEyuva padagaLigE -ta oTTannu sErisuvudu: hoDEta (trauma), hiDita (hold), seLEta (force).

-iga / -ge (esaka mADuvudariMda bartida vastu, concrete result): ekuige (purgative), ettuige (example), oDaiguige (equipment), kuDige (drink). esakagaLiMda suM karEyE hesarupadagaLannu mADabahudu — ‘SUnyadinda’ padanirvahane.

bhAgagaLu 24–30 blAg cross-references:

I bhAga blAg bhAga 4: esakapadagaLiMda paDeda hesarupadagaLu annu Adhariside (bhAga 24)

I bhAga blAg bhAga 5: esakavannu guruttisuvA hesarupadagaLu annu Adhariside (bhAga 26)

I bhAga blAg bhAga 6: oTTugaLannu sErisade esakapadagaLiMda hesarupadagaLu annu Adhariside (bhAgagaLu 27–28)

viShaya 3 — hesarupadagaLu: hesaru mUladinda padagaLu mattu SUnyadinda padagaLu

bhAgagaLu 7–18

📼 bhAgagaLu 7–18 →

I bhAga blAg bhAga 7: hesarupadagaLiMda paDeda bErE hesarupadagaLu annu Adhariside (bhAgagaLu 29–30)

hesaruppada mUladinda hoSa hesarupadagaLannu kaTTabahudu hIgiruva oTTugaLiMda:

-tana (pariceppada athavA hesaruppada → guNa noun): celuvatana (beauty), huDugatana (childhood), gulAmtana (slavery).

-iga / -ga (hesaruppada → A vastu sambandha naDEsuvavanu): nADiga (naaTina janaru), tOrKEga (hypocrite), usiruga (prANi).

-ariga (nADigariya taraha aruvavanu): nuDiyariga (linguist), giDaariga (botanist).

-olaviga (A visayadalli olavanulLavanu): heNNolaviga (feminist), nADolaviga (nationalist).

kiru- / kitta- (kicca samagra): kirupottage (booklet), kittIvu (islet).

InglISinalli halavanU sadaxS nouns balakayyallive — avugaLigE kannaDA padagaLannu jODisuvudu oTTu sErisuvudu athavA mATinI hOLike mADuvudu avaSyaka. inglISinA ‘-er’ oTTigE kannaDadalli eraDu hambagegaLive: esakadinda -iga (karEyuvavanu), athavA hesaruppada mUladinda -gAra (vxttigArannu sUcisuvudu).

viShaya 4 — munnOTTugaLu: aLavi, imbu, hotti

bhAgagaLu 8–10

📼 bhAgagaLu 8–10 →

I bhAga blAg bhAga 8: munnOTTugaLu annu Adhariside (bhAgagaLu 37–38)

I bhAga blAg bhAga 9: imbina munnOTTugaLu annu Adhariside (bhAga 38)

I bhAga blAg bhAga 10: hottina munnOTTugaLu annu Adhariside (bhAga 39)

aLaviya munnOTTugaLu (Part 8): saMkhyE mUlada munnOTTugaLu — Or/ora (mono/uni), Ir/Ira (bi/di), mur/mUr (tri), nAl (quadri), ay (penta), are (semi), hala (multi), ella (omni). parimaNA munnOTTugaLu — ekka (arch/super), migilu (hyper), kore (under), mIri/mIru (out/over), kUDu/oDa (co), tanna/tAnE (self/auto).

imbina munnOTTugaLu (Part 9): mun (fore/inter), oDa/naDu (inter/mid), hora (out/ex), mEl (over/super), oLa/keLa (sub/under), Ace (trans), genTu (tele), sutta (circum).

hottina munnOTTugaLu (Part 10): munna (ex/former), mun (fore/pre), baLi (post), maru/mAr (re-), hin (back/return), hosa (neo-), haLe (paleo-). phonological niyama: ‘maru’ vyaMjanakke munne, ‘mAr’ svArakke munne.

viShaya 5 — allageLayuva munnOTTugaLu

bhAgagaLu 11–12

📼 bhAgagaLu 11–12 →

ee viShaya kannaDakke eDEyanAda ondu muKya viShaya: inglISinalli ‘a-‘, ‘un-‘, ‘non-‘, ‘in-‘, ‘anti-‘ emba ondu bAgeyA allageLayuva munnOTTugaLu kannaDadalli eraDu bAgEyanAdA: ‘illa’ mattu ‘alla’. ee eraDu saMpUrNa bErE bErE artha koDuttave:

‘illada’ (illa + adA) — guNa athavA vastu iddE illa enbudu sUcisuttade: nItiyillada (amoral), ALoikeyillada (anarchic), SAntiillada (restless).

‘alladA’ (alla + adA) — bErEyanAduda, saviya alladudA enbudu sUcisuttade: samanallada (asymmetric), kaTTukatEyalladA (non-fiction).

ItugoLe munnOTTugaLu: eduri/eduruka (anti-), Agada (unable), -ili (guNa illAdavanu, e.g. makkALili = childless person), illAdiKE (-ness of absence: nItiilladike = amorality). ee eraDu nErAdA allageLayuvA nemmadinna kannaDada svantada UrjitA: innobbaru bhAShe HAge mADabuhudendu hELidiruvudilla.

viShaya 6 — esaka padagaLu mattu jODupadagaLu

bhAgagaLu 13–18

📼 bhAgagaLu 13–18 →

kannaDadalli hoSa esakapadagaLannu kaTTalu ondu mAtranE oTTu: -isu. idu hesarupadagaLigE, pariceppadagaLigE athavA adalike padagaLigE sErisabahudu: Aspat reisisu (to hospitalize), kampUTarisisu (to computerize). esakapadagaLiMda pariceppadagaLu mADalu mUru rUpagaLu: -da (past participial), -uva (present participial), -ada (negative participial).

jODupadagaLu (Parts 14–15): kannaDada jODupadagaLalli yaDAgiluM eraDanE anga hesarupadavAgiruttade. mUru vagrgagaLu: (1) hesaruppada + hesaruppada: jEnugUDu (beehive), hENapeTTige (coffin), kaDalkoLa (lagoon); (2) esakappada + hesaruppada: taLLugADi (pushcart), karagukAllu (lava), kaTTukate (myth); (3) pariceppada + hesaruppada: hasirumane (greenhouse), kaDudagilu (phobia).

kUDupadagaLu (compound verbs): hesaruppada + esaka (taletoLe), pariceppada + esaka (eddutOrisu). jODupadagaLa muKya niyama: word-for-word anuvAda mADabEDa — ArthavannE anuvAda mADu. handbook → kiruKaData, NOT kayKaData. deadline → konegeDu, NOT sAvugerE.

viShaya 7 — ingliS hinoTTugaLigE kannaDa sATimATU

bhAgagaLu 20–30

📼 bhAgagaLu 20–30 →

inglISinalli halavanU hinoTTugaLu balakayyallive — avugaLige kannaDa sATimATugaLu:

agentive suffixes (-er, -or, -ist, -ant): kannaDadalli -iga/-ga (esaka mUladinda) athavA -gAra (hesaruppada mUladinda). saMdarbhakkAnugaNave yAvudu enbudu niDhArisabahudu.

action nouns (-tion, -sion, -ment, -ance, -ence, -ness, -ity, -dom, -ship): kannaDadalli -ike/-ke (abstract process), -ta (concrete process, after verbs ending in -e or -i), -tana (quality from adj/noun), -ike after -gAra or -ATa nouns. english ‘-ness’/’-ity’ rUpagaLigE: -tana (huDugatana), but after -gAra: -garike (billugArike = archery), bUTATike (pretense).

patient/recipient nouns (-ee): kannaDakke nEraDa ‘-ee’ oTTu illa. eraDu hambageigaLu: (a) causative hiMda -iga (baLakEga = employee); (b) koDu/paDe compound (paDEga = payee, koDuga = payer).

instrument nouns (-er instrument, not agent): -ka oTTannu baLasabahudu — taLLuka (piston = taLLuvudu), usiruka (lung = usiruva vastu), gaTulika (phone = gaTu mAtanADuva vAkya).

viShaya 8 — ingliS munnOTTugaLigE kannaDa sATimATU

bhAgagaLu 31–42

📼 bhAgagaLu 31–42 →

inglISinalli halavanU munnOTTugaLu balakayyallive — avugaLige kannaDa sATimATugaLu mUru varggadalli:

aLavina munnOTTugaLu (arch-, hyper-, super-, under-, out-, over-, co-, self-): ekka (arch-/super-), migilu (hyper-), kore (under-), mIri/mIru (out-/over-), oDa/kUDu (co-), tanna/tAnE (self/auto-).

imbina munnOTTugaLu (fore-, inter-, out-, over-, sub-, under-, trans-, tele-, circum-): mun (fore-), oDa/naDu (inter-/mid-), hora (out-/ex-), mEl (over-/super-), oLa/keLa (sub-/under-), Ace (trans-), genTu (tele-), sutta (circum-).

neo-classical mUla padagaLu (Part 18): inglISinalli grIk/lATin mUlada samparka padagaLigE kannaDa sATimATugaLu — astro- → bAn (bAnu), bio- → usiri, electro- → min (miMcu), geo- → maN/nela, hydro- → nIr, tele- → genTu, thermo- → bisi, photo- → beLaku, psycho- → mana. suffix equivalents: -logy → arime (biology = usiriyarime), -scope → tOrppuka, -meter → aLaka, -cracy → ALoike, -naut → hAyga, -graph → baraha.

muKya nirvahaNe niyama: inglIS padada ArthAnnu anuvAdisuvudu mADu — akShara akShara anuvAda mADabEDa.

muKya parikalpanegaLu (Eke)

kannaDa lipi Eke artha
ಹೆಸರುಪದ hesaruppada noun
ಎಸಕಪದ esakappada verb
ಪರಿಚೆಪದ pariceppada qualifier/adjective
ಕಟ್ಟುಪದ kaTTuppada derived word (suffix-formed)
ಜೋಡುಪದ jODuppada compound nominal
ಕೂಡುಪದ kUDuppada compound verbal
ಹಿನ್ನೊಟ್ಟು hinoTTu suffix
ಮುನ್ನೊಟ್ಟು munnOTTu prefix
ಒಟ್ಟು oTTu affix
ಬೇರು bEru root
ಹಮ್ಮುಗೆ hammuge strategy/method
ಅಳವಿ aLavi quantity/degree
ಇಂಬು imbu spatial position
ಹೊತ್ತು hottu time/temporal
ಅಲ್ಲಗಳೆ allagaLe negate/deny
ಸಾಟಿ sAti equivalent/match
ಎರವಲು ಪದ eravalu pada loanword
ನವ-ಅರ್ಪಣೆ nava-arpaNeE neo-classical