English-Kannada Word Correspondence Dictionary
Inglish-Kannada Padanerake — Native Dravidian Alternatives for English Words
Author: D. N. Shankara Bhat (ಡಿ. ಎನ್. ಶಂಕರ ಬಟ್), Y. Bharath Kumar (ಯೋ. ಭರತ್ ಕುಮಾರ್), Vivek Shankar (ವಿವೇಕ್ ಶಂಕರ್) Published: 2015, Navakarnataka Prakashan, Bengaluru Language: Kannada (entries in Kannada script) Source quality: Partial text — 53-page sample PDF (pages 1–43 of the dictionary, letter A only, from a full 730-page book). Hybrid extraction: English headwords from pdfminer ASCII, Kannada equivalents WX-decoded.
ಕನ್ನಡ ಮೂಲ (Kannada source): 15-ingliS-kannaDa-padanerake-book.md Eke romanisation: 15-ingliS-kannaDa-padanerake-kn-eke.md
Book Overview
Inglish-Kannada Padanerake is a landmark reverse dictionary: instead of translating Kannada words into English, it maps ~5,000+ English words to native Dravidian Kannada equivalents — consciously excluding Sanskrit-derived “trishanku” (limbo) words that are neither genuine Sanskrit nor genuine Kannada. The book grew from a 2008 document titled “Inglish padagaLige kannadaddE padagaLu” (“Native Kannada words for English words”) and was expanded by crowdsourcing coinages from the “Pada pada kannada padAnE!” Facebook group and the honalu.net community. The dictionary’s core thesis is that Kannada has sufficient native roots, prefixes, and compounding mechanisms to coin equivalents for any English word, and that the chronic dependence on Sanskrit for technical vocabulary is born of linguistic inferiority complex, not necessity. A Kannada-English glossary at the back allows readers unfamiliar with the coinages to look up the new native words. This book is the companion practical reference to Bhat’s theoretical work “Kannadadalli hosa padagaLannu kaTTuva bage” (Book 03 in this collection), which explains the word-formation principles in detail.
Table of Contents
- Preface — The Problem of “Trishanku” Words
- Conventions Used in the Dictionary
- Statistical Observations on Kannada Word Stock
- Word-Formation Patterns: A Thematic Index
- 1. Compound Nouns (N+N)
- 2. Descriptive Compounds (Adj+N)
- 3. Verb-derived Nouns (-ta, -ike, -vu, -atu)
- 4. Agent Nouns (-ga, -kAra, -uga)
- 5. Negation Prefix (il-, bella-)
- 6. Native Roots as Dictionary Terms
- 7. Compounds with ಅರಿಮೆ (arime — science/study)
- 8. Compounds with ಮನೆ (mane — house/institution)
- 9. Compounds with ಗಾಳಿ (gALi — air/wind)
- 10. Compounds with ಮಾಂಜುಗೆ/ಮಾಂಜು (therapy/treatment)
- Sample Entries: A–Az
- Key Concept Table: Kannada Terms → English
- Cross-References to Other DNS Bhat Works
Preface — The Problem of “Trishanku” Words
ಮುನ್ನುಡಿ (munnuDi)
The preface opens with a blunt diagnosis: the standard practice of Kannada writers and scholars — reaching for Sanskrit roots whenever a new technical word is needed — produces words that are neither Sanskrit nor Kannada. Bhat calls these ತ್ರಿಶಂಕು ಪದಗಳು (“trishanku words”, after the mythological king suspended between heaven and earth). An audit of a typical Kannada technical glossary reveals that 80% or more of its entries are such trishanku words.
- Root cause 1: The mistaken belief that Kannada lacks the word-building resources needed for technical vocabulary.
- Root cause 2: An attitude of cultural inferiority — that Sanskrit-sounding words carry more authority and prestige.
- The consequence: Technical Kannada writing becomes incomprehensible to most Kannada speakers, and native Kannada words lose their chance to acquire extended meanings (unlike English “part”, which means a theatrical role, a book section, and a physical piece, because English writers used it in all these contexts).
- The alternative: Use existing Kannada roots in new technical contexts, allowing the words’ semantic range to expand naturally over time.
The preface emphasises that the goal is not “pure Kannada” (ಅಚ್ಚಗನ್ನಡ) in the traditionalist sense — loanwords like pennu (pen), pustaka (book), korTu (court), kacEri (office) that are already well-established need not be replaced. The target is the needless proliferation of Sanskrit constructions where native Kannada would work just as well or better.
Conventions Used in the Dictionary
ಇರುಸರಿಕೆಗಳು (irusarikegaLu)
- Part-of-speech markers apply to the Kannada word, not to the English headword. The Kannada word may differ in grammatical category from its English counterpart.
- ಹೆ (he) = ಹೆಸರುಪದ (hesarupada) = noun
- ಎ (e) = ಎಸಕಪದ (esakapada) = verb
- ಪ (pa) = ಪರಿಚೆಪದ (paricepada) = adjective / qualifier
- Multiple senses are numbered 1, 2, 3… within each entry.
- Synonyms within a sense are separated by commas (,).
- Usage examples, compound words, and collocations appear in parentheses after each word, showing how the native Kannada word is used in modern Kannada prose.
- Roots (for entries where the Kannada equivalent is a productive root rather than a full word) are marked with a leading hyphen: e.g., for charge, the root ಹೇರ್- (hEr-) / ಹೆರ್- (her-) is given.
- Multiple entries for the same headword occur when the English word functions as different parts of speech (e.g., able appears as both verb and noun).
- Source dictionaries used for English meanings: Pocket Oxford, Webster’s New World, WordWeb, Wiktionary. For native Kannada stock: Kittel’s Kannada-English Dictionary (1968 ed.), Prism English-Kannada Nigantu, Kannada Nighantu (KSP), Accha Kannada Nudikosha, Dravida Etymological Dictionary (Burrow & Emeneau).
Statistical Observations on Kannada Word Stock
ಅಂಕಿ-ಅಂಶ (anki-ansha)
The preface includes two notable statistical observations about the dictionary’s entries:
- Words beginning with ಅ (a) outnumber those beginning with any other vowel — reflecting the general Indo-Dravidian pattern that a is the most common initial vowel in Kannada native stock.
- Words beginning with ಎ (e) and ಒ (o) are disproportionately numerous in Kannada relative to Sanskrit — because Sanskrit lacks these vowel sounds as word-initial phones. This demonstrates that Kannada’s phonological preferences and word-stock tendencies differ fundamentally from Sanskrit’s, undermining the premise that Sanskrit is a natural source for Kannada neologisms.
- Among the word-classes coined, nouns predominate (ಹೆಸರುಪದ is the most common marker in the dictionary) — which matches the real-world demand: technical writing needs terminology (nouns) more than it needs new verbs or adjectives.
- The book coined approximately 240 words for academic disciplines (arime kavalu-gaLu) — covering sciences, humanities, and professional fields — because these discipline names are currently borrowed wholesale into Kannada with no native equivalents.
Word-Formation Patterns: A Thematic Index
This section organises the dictionary’s coinages by the Kannada word-building strategy used. It is the primary training resource for the ellara-kannada-word-coiner skill.
1. Compound Nouns (N + N)
The most productive pattern: two native Kannada nouns joined to create a new technical term. The head noun (last element) gives the category; the modifier (first element) specifies.
| English | Kannada | Literal analysis |
|---|---|---|
| abacus | ಎಣ್ಣುಪಟ್ಟಿ (eNNupaTTi) | count-board |
| abattoir | ಕೊಲ್ಲುಮನೆ (kollumane) | kill-house |
| abbey | ಬಿಡುಗಮನೆ (biDugamane) | renunciate-house |
| abbot | ಮೇಲ್ಬಿಡುಗ (mElbiDuga) | head-renunciate |
| airbag | ಗಾಳಿಚೀಲ (gALicIla) | air-bag |
| airbrake | ಗಾಳಿಬಿರಿ (gALibiri) | air-brake |
| aircraft | ಗಾಳಿತೇರು (gALitEru) | air-chariot |
| airfield | ಗಾಳಿಬಯಲು (gALibayalu) | air-plain |
| airframe | ಗಾಳಿಕಟ್ಟು (gALikaTTu) | air-frame |
| airline | ಗಾಳಿಸಾರಿಗೆ (gALisArige) | air-transport |
| airlock | ಗಾಳಿತಡೆ (gALitaDe) | air-barrier |
| airmail | ಎಲರಂಚೆ (elaranke) | breeze-post |
| airport | ಗಾಳಿರೇವು (gALirEvu) | air-harbour |
| airship | ಗಾಳಿಹಡಗು (gALihaDagu) | air-ship |
| airstream | ಗಾಳಿಹರಿವು (gALiharivu) | air-flow |
| airstrip | ಗಾಳಿಪಟ್ಟಿ (gALipaTTi) | air-strip |
| alarm clock | ಎಚ್ಚರಗಂಟೆ (eccaraganTe) | wakeup-bell |
| alimony | ಬಾಳ್ವೆಪಡಿ (bALvepaDi) | livelihood-ration |
| alarm (noun) | ಬೆದರಿಕೆ (bedarike) | scare-thing |
| avalanche | ಜಾರುಮಂಜು (jArumanju) | sliding-snow |
| archaeology | ಪಳಮೆಯರಿಮೆ (paLameyarime) | ancient-study |
| architect | ಕಟ್ಟಡರಿಗ (kaTTaDariga) | building-expert |
| archive | ಹಳೆಗೂಡಿಕೆ (haLegUDike) | old-collection |
| armchair | ತೋಳೇರ್ವಣೆ (tOLErvaNe) | arm-rest |
| armoury | ಕಯ್ದಂಗಡಿ (kaydangaDi) | weapon-shop |
| armpit | ಕಂಕುಳು (kankuLu) | (existing native word) |
| auto (car) | ತಾಂತೇರು (tAntEru) | self-chariot / taan-tEru |
| axle | ಇರಸು (irasu) | (existing native root) |
Key pattern: Kannada uses ಮನೆ (mane, house/institution), ಬಯಲು (bayalu, field/plain), ರೇವು (rEvu, harbour/port), ಸಾರಿಗೆ (sArige, transport), ಪಟ್ಟಿ (paTTi, strip/board) as productive head nouns for institutional and locative compounds.
2. Descriptive Compounds (Adj/Verb-stem + N)
Modifier + Noun, where the modifier describes a quality or function of the referent.
| English | Kannada | Literal analysis |
|---|---|---|
| abrasion (wound) | ಉಜ್ಜುಗಾಯ (ujjugAya) | rub-wound |
| abiogenesis | ಉಸಿರಿಲಹುಟ್ಟು (usirilahuTTu) | breathless-birth (= life from non-life) |
| adiabatic | ಸರಿಗಾವಿನ (sarigAvina) | equal-heat (no heat exchange) |
| albedo | ಚಿಂಬೆಳಕು (cimbeḷaku) | reflected-light |
| alkali | ಕಾರ (kAra) | (existing native word for pungent/caustic) |
| alliteration | ಗೀಗೀಕಾರ (gIgIkAra) | sound-repetition |
| allogamy | ಬೇರೆಬೆರಕೆ (bEreberake) | cross-mixing |
| allopathy | ಬೇನೆಮಾಂಜುಗೆ (bEnemAnjuge) | disease-treatment |
| aisle | ನಡುದಾರಿ (naDudAri) | middle-path |
| ajar | ನಸುತೆರೆದ (nasuterede) | slightly-opened |
| arch-enemy | ಅರಿದು ಹಗೆ (aridu hage) | bitter-enemy |
| architect | ಕಟ್ಟಡರಿಗ (kaTTaDariga) | building-knower |
| arduous | ತೊಡಕಿನ (toDakina) | entangled / difficult |
3. Verb-derived Nouns (suffixes: -ತ/-ta, -ಇಕೆ/-ike, -ವು/-vu, -ಅಟ/-aTa, -ಉಕ/-uka)
Kannada derives abstract nouns from verb roots using native suffixes. This is extremely productive for creating technical nouns from action verbs.
| English | Kannada verb root | Noun form | Suffix |
|---|---|---|---|
| abandonment | ತೊರೆ (tore, to forsake) | ತೊರೆತ (toreta) | -ತ |
| abbreviation | ಅಡಕಮಾಡು (aDakamADu, to compress) | ಅಡಕಮೆ (aDakame) | -ಮೆ |
| abrasion | ಕೆರೆ (kere, to scrape) | ಕೆರೆತ (kereta) | -ತ |
| abduction | ಹಾರಿಸು (hArisu, to abduct) | (implied: ಹಾರಿಸಿಕೆ) | -ಇಕೆ |
| alignment | ಒಂದು (ondu, to unite) | ಒಂದಾಣಿಕೆ (ondANike) | -ಆಣಿಕೆ |
| allegation | ಹೊರಿ (hori, to burden) | ತಪ್ಪುಹೊರಿಕೆ (tappuhorike) | -ಇಕೆ |
| allotment | ಹಂಚು (hancu, to distribute) | ಹಂಚಿಕೆ (hancike) | -ಇಕೆ |
| abolition | ನೀಗು (nIgu, to remove/nullify) | ನೀಗಾಣಿಕೆ (nIgANike) | -ಆಣಿಕೆ |
| arrival | ಎಯ್ತರು (eytar u, to arrive) | ಎಳ್ತರವು (eLtaravu) | -ವು |
| abortion | ಮಯ್ಯಿಳಿಸು (mayyiLisu, to miscarry) | ಮಯ್ಯಿಳಿತ (mayyiLita) | -ತ |
| arson | ಕಿಚ್ಚಿಡು (kiccIDu, to set fire) | ಕಿಚ್ಚಿಡುಗೆ (kiccIDuge) | -ಉಗೆ |
| adaptation | ಅಳವಡಿಸು (aLavaDisu) | ಅಳವಡಿಕೆ (aLavaDike) | -ಇಕೆ |
| arrangement | ಏರ್ಪಡು (Erpaḍu) | ಏರ್ಪಾಡು (ErpADu) | -ಆಡು |
Key insight: Kannada’s verb-to-noun derivational morphology is highly productive. Any Kannada verb root can typically generate a noun form with one of these suffixes, giving the word-coiner tremendous flexibility.
4. Agent Nouns (-ಗ/-ga, -ಉಗ/-uga, -ಗಾರ/-gAra)
Agent nouns (one who does X) are formed by adding native suffixes to verb roots or compound bases.
| English | Kannada | Formation |
|---|---|---|
| abductor | ಹಾರಿಸುಗ (hArisuga) | hArisu (to abduct) + -uga |
| abettor | ಒಡಸೆರಗ (oDaseraga) | compound: fellow-accomplice |
| alarmist | ದಿಗಿಲುಗಾರ (digilugAra) | digilu (panic) + -gAra |
| archivist | ಹಳೆಗೂಡುಗ (haḷegUDuga) | haLe (old) + gUDu (collect) + -uga |
| archer | ಪೂಣಿಗ (pUNiga) | pUNi (arrow/bow) + -ga |
| abortionist | ಬಸಿರಿಳಿಸುಗ (basiRiLisuga) | basiru (womb/pregnancy) + iLisu (lower) + -uga |
| arsonist | ಕಿಚ್ಚಿಕ್ಕುಗ (implied) | kicci (fire) + ikku (place) + -uga |
| administrator | ಆಡಳಿತಗಾರ (ADaLitagAra) | ADaLita (administration) + -gAra |
| arbitrator | ತೀರ್ಪುಗಾರ (tIrpugAra) | tIrpu (verdict) + -gAra |
5. Negation and Qualification Prefixes
| Pattern | Example | English |
|---|---|---|
| ಕಿರಿದು- (kiridU-, smaller/shorter) | ಕಿರಿದುಮಾಡು | abbreviate |
| ತಪ್ಪು- (tappu-, wrong/mis-) | ತಪ್ಪುಬಳಕೆ | misuse/abuse |
| ಕೀಳ್- (kIL-, lower/inferior) | ಕೀಳ್ಬಳಕೆ | misuse (abuse) |
| ಹೊರ- (hora-, outer/external) | ಹೊರನಾಡಿಗ | alien/foreigner |
| ಮೇಲ್- (mEl-, upper/senior) | ಮೇಲ್ಬಿಡುಗ | abbot |
| ತನ್ನ- (tanna-, self-) | ತನ್ನಡೆ, ತನ್ನಾಳ್ವಿಕೆ | autonomous, autonomy |
| ಪಳ- (paLa-, old/ancient) | ಪಳಮೆಯರಿಮೆ | archaeology |
| ಹಳೆ- (haLe-, old) | ಹಳೆಗೂಡಿಕೆ | archive |
| ನಡು- (naDu-, middle) | ನಡುದಾರಿ, ನಡುಗೆರೆ | aisle, axis |
| ಬೇರೆ- (bEre-, other/cross-) | ಬೇರೆಬೆರಕೆ | cross-pollination |
6. Native Roots as Dictionary Headwords
Some entries give a Kannada root (marked with hyphen) rather than a finished word, for English words where Kannada has a productive verbal root that doesn’t normally surface as a standalone noun.
- charge → ಹೇರ್- (hEr-) / ಹೆರ್- (her-) [to impose/load]
- These roots appear in: ಹೇರ್ಹೊರಿ (impose-load = surcharge), ಹೇರ್ಗ (one who imposes)
This acknowledges that Kannada coiners can build outward from the root using any needed suffix.
7. Compounds with ಅರಿಮೆ (arime — science/field of knowledge)
arime (from ari = to know) is the productive native word for any domain of systematic knowledge or science. The book coins ~240 discipline names:
| English discipline | Kannada |
|---|---|
| chemistry | ಇರ್ಪರಿಮೆ (irparime) — matter-science |
| pneumatics | ಗಾಳಿಯೊತ್ತರಿಮೆ (gALiyottarime) — air-pressure-science |
| statistics | ತಿಳಿಹದರಿಮೆ (tiLihadarime) — data-science |
| archaeology | ಪಳಮೆಯರಿಮೆ (paḷameyarime) — ancients-science |
| archaeoastronomy | ಪಳಬಾನರಿಮೆ (paLabAnarime) — ancient-sky-science |
| architecture (field) | ಕಟ್ಟಡರಿಮೆ (kaTTaDarime) — building-science |
| allometry | ಬಿಡಿಬೆಳೆತದರಿಮೆ (biDibeLetadarime) — differential-growth-science |
| algebra | ಬಿತ್ತೆಣಿಕೆಯರಿಮೆ (bitteNikeyarime) or ಸರಿಯೆಣಿಕೆಯರಿಮೆ (sariyeNikeyarime) |
| arithmetic | ಲೆಕ್ಕದರಿಮೆ (lekkadaime) — calculation-science |
Formation rule: [domain-descriptor] + ಅರಿಮೆ (arime)
8. Compounds with ಮನೆ (mane — house/institution)
mane serves as a productive head noun for institutions and facilities:
| English | Kannada | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| abattoir | ಕೊಲ್ಲುಮನೆ (kollumane) | slaughter-house |
| abbey | ಬಿಡುಗಮನೆ (biDugamane) | renunciate-house |
| alehouse | ಹೆಂಡಮನೆ (implied) | wine-house |
Formation rule: [function/occupant] + ಮನೆ (mane)
9. Compounds with ಗಾಳಿ (gALi — air/wind)
The air- compound cluster shows how one native word unlocks a whole semantic domain:
| English | Kannada |
|---|---|
| airbag | ಗಾಳಿಚೀಲ |
| airbrake | ಗಾಳಿಬಿರಿ |
| aircraft | ಗಾಳಿತೇರು |
| airfield | ಗಾಳಿಬಯಲು |
| airframe | ಗಾಳಿಕಟ್ಟು |
| airline | ಗಾಳಿಸಾರಿಗೆ |
| airlock | ಗಾಳಿತಡೆ |
| airport | ಗಾಳಿರೇವು |
| airship | ಗಾಳಿಹಡಗು |
| airstream | ಗಾಳಿಹರಿವು |
| airstrip | ಗಾಳಿಪಟ್ಟಿ |
| airtight | ಗಾಳಿತಡೆವ / ಗಾಳಿಹೋಗದ |
| aviation | ಗಾಳಿಸಾರಿಗೆ / ಹಾರುಸಾರಿಗೆ |
This is a model cluster for the word-coiner: pick a core native word (ಗಾಳಿ, ನೀರು, ಕಲ್ಲು, ಬೆಂಕಿ…), then systematically compound with functional head nouns to cover a semantic domain.
10. Compounds with ಮಾಂಜುಗೆ (mAnjuge — therapy/treatment)
mAnjuge (from the verb mAnj- = to heal) is used for therapy/medical-treatment domains:
| English | Kannada |
|---|---|
| allopathy | ಬೇನೆಮಾಂಜುಗೆ (bEnemAnjuge) |
| aromatherapy | ಕಂಪುಮಾಂಜುಗೆ (kampumAnjuge) |
Formation rule: [medium or target] + ಮಾಂಜುಗೆ (mAnjuge)
Sample Entries: A–Az (Illustrative)
These entries showcase the depth of examples in the dictionary. Usage sentences (in parentheses) show the coined words in natural Kannada prose.
a little ಪ ನಸು, ಇಳಿ, ಕೊಂಚ, ತುಸು
abacinate ಎ ಮಿಂಚುಗುರುಡಿಸು, ಹೊಳಪುಗುರುಡಿಸು
abacination ಹೆ ಮಿಂಚುಗುರುಡು, ಹೊಳಪುಗುರುಡು
abacus ಹೆ ಎಣ್ಣುಪಟ್ಟಿ
abandon ಎ 1 ತೊಲಗು, ನೀಗು, ಬಿಟ್ಟುಕೊಡು, ಕಳೆ, ತೊರೆ
ಹೆ ತೊರೆತ, ನೀಗಿಕೆ
abandoned ಪ ಅಂಕೆತಪ್ಪಿದ, ಹಿಡಿತವಿಲ್ಲದ, ಕಾಡು
abbreviate ಎ ಕಿರಿದುಮಾಡು, ಅಡಕಮಾಡು
abbreviation ಹೆ ಅಡಕಮೆ
abdicate ಎ ತೊರೆ (ಅರಸು ಗದ್ದುಗೆಯನ್ನು ತೊರೆದು ಕಾಡಿಗೆ ನಡೆದ)
abiogenesis ಹೆ ಉಸಿರಿಲಹುಟ್ಟು
ability ಹೆ ಬಲ್ಮೆ, ಆರ್ಮೆ, ಅಳವಿಕೆ, ಅಳವು, ಬಲ್ಲತನ, ಜಾಣ್ಮೆ
album ಹೆ 1 ತಿಟ್ಟಕಡತ 2 ಹಾಡುಕಡತ
algebra ಹೆ ಬಿತ್ತೆಣಿಕೆಯರಿಮೆ, ಸರಿಯೆಣಿಕೆಯರಿಮೆ
algorithm ಹೆ ಎಸಗುಬಗೆ, ಹೊಲಬು
automobile ಹೆ ತಾಂತೇರು, ತಾನೋಡ
autopsy ಹೆ ಹೆಣದೊರೆ
autonomy ಹೆ ತನ್ನಾಳ್ಕೆ, ತನ್ನಾಳ್ವಿಕೆ
axis ಹೆ ನಡುಗೆರೆ, ತಿರುಗುಗೆರೆ
Key Concept Table: Kannada Terms → English
| Kannada (Eke) | Kannada (script) | English meaning |
|---|---|---|
| padanerake | ಪದನೆರಕೆ | word-collection = dictionary |
| hesarupada (he) | ಹೆಸರುಪದ | noun |
| esakapada (e) | ಎಸಕಪದ | verb |
| paricepada (pa) | ಪರಿಚೆಪದ | adjective/qualifier |
| trishanku pada | ತ್ರಿಶಂಕು ಪದ | “limbo word” = Sanskrit-Kannada hybrid |
| arime | ಅರಿಮೆ | science / field of knowledge |
| kaTTaNe | ಕಟ್ಟಣೆ | word formation / coinage |
| bEru | ಬೇರು | root (morphological) |
| oTTu | ಒಟ್ಟು | suffix / affix |
| padakaDte | ಪದಕಡತ | word document / glossary entry |
| eravala pada | ಎರವಲು ಪದ | loanword |
| acca kannaDa | ಅಚ್ಚಗನ್ನಡ | “pure Kannada” (purist style) |
| oLanudi | ಒಳನುಡಿ | dialect / sub-language |
| huruLu | ಹುರುಳು | meaning / sense |
| kavalu | ಕವಲು | branch / field (of science) |
| munnuDi | ಮುನ್ನುಡಿ | preface |
| beLagu | ಬೆಳಗು | to expand (of vocabulary/meaning) |
Cross-References to Other DNS Bhat Works
| Related Book | Connection |
|---|---|
| 03 — Kannada Padagala Olaracane | The theoretical companion to Book 15: explains how to build new words using Kannada roots and affixes. Book 15 is the practical application; Book 03 is the manual. |
| 25 — Kannada Vakyagala Olaracane | Sentence-level Kannada grammar — provides the syntactic context in which Book 15’s coined words are used. |
| 27 — Baasheyaa Bagge | Advocacy for Kannada as the natural medium of education and scholarship — the philosophical grounding for why Book 15’s lexical project matters. |
| 28 — Kannadakke Beku | Argues the case for Kannada in scientific and technical domains — the audience and motivation for Book 15’s coinages. |
| 29 — Kannada Vyakaranayaake Beku | Bhat’s reform grammar — the grammatical framework within which Book 15’s Ellara Kannada word-forms (no aspirates, native script norms) are grounded. |
| 17 — Kannada Nudi Nadedu Banda Dari | Historical development of Kannada vocabulary — provides the diachronic perspective on why native roots survive and Sanskrit borrowings often don’t naturalise well. |