kannaDa vAkyagaLa oLaracane

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• adhyAya 1 — pIThike
  • 1.1 mAtina kelasagaLu
  • 1.2 kriyAvAkyagaLu mattu viShayavAkyagaLu
    • 1.2.1 kriyApadada baLake
    • 1.2.2 samaya sUcaneyalli vyatyAsa
    • 1.2.3 eraDara naDuvina sambandha
  • 1.3 vAkyada ghaTakagaLu
    • 1.3.1 mukhyavAda mattu mukhyavallada ghaTakagaLu
    • 1.3.2 vibhakti pratyayagaLa baLake
    • 1.3.3 eraDu rItiya sambandhagaLu
  • 1.4 guNapadagaLa baLake
  • 1.5 oLavAkyagaLa baLake
  • 1.6 vAkyagaLa jODaNe
  • 1.7 kannaDada kelavu vaySiShTyagaLu
• adhyAya 2 — kriyAvAkyagaLa oLaracane
  • 2.1 pIThike
    • 2.1.1 kriyApadada pratyayagaLu
    • 2.1.2 vAkyaghaTakagaLu mattu guNapadagaLu
  • 2.2 ghaTakagaLalli vayvidhya
    • 2.2.1 mukhya ghaTakagaLu
    • 2.2.2 mukhyavallada ghaTakagaLu
  • 2.3 ghaTakagaLa naDuvina vyatyAsagaLu
    • 2.3.1 Aguga mattu mADuga
    • 2.3.2 jAga, suru mattu kone
    • 2.3.3 suru mattu kone ghaTakagaLa heccina baLakegaLu
  • 2.4 kriyApadagaLa vibhajane
    • 2.4.1 ghaTakavillade baruva kriyApadagaLu
    • 2.4.2 ghaTaneya hatOTi
    • 2.4.3 Agu kriyApadada ghaTakagaLu
    • 2.4.4 kadaluva mattu kadalada ghaTanegaLu
  • 2.5 vibhajaneya samasyegaLu
    • 2.5.1 hatOTiya sUcane
    • 2.5.2 samagrateya sUcane
    • 2.5.3 kadaluvikeya sUcane
  • 2.6 ghaTakagaLannu pratyEkisuvudu
    • 2.6.1 annu pratyayada baLake
    • 2.6.3 sambandhavannu sUcisuva padagaLu
  • 2.7 vyavahAra sambandha
    • 2.7.1 viShaya mattu suddi
    • 2.7.2 mukhya amSa
    • 2.7.3 hinneNike
  • 2.8 guNapadagaLa baLake
  • 2.9 sArAmSa
• adhyAya 3 — viShayavAkyagaLa oLaracane
  • 3.1 pIThike
    • 3.1.1 samayabhEdagaLu
    • 3.1.2 kriyAvAkyagaLondige sambandha
  • 3.2 iruvikeya vAkyagaLu
    • 3.2.1 jAgada svarUpa
    • 3.2.2 samayaghaTakada baLake
    • 3.2.3 iru kriyApadada baLake
  • 3.3 guNavAkyagaLu
    • 3.3.1 age pratyayada baLake
    • 3.3.2 Agi kriyArUpada baLake
    • 3.3.3 guNapadagaLa vibhajane
    • 3.3.4 heccina ghaTakagaLu
    • 3.3.5 jODi guNapadagaLu
    • 3.3.6 iru padada baLake
    • 3.3.7 iruvikeya vAkyadondigiruva sambandha
  • 3.4 sambandha vAkyagaLu
    • 3.4.1 heccina ghaTakagaLu
  • 3.5 sArAmSa
• adhyAya 4 — nAmapadagaLa kantegaLu
  • 4.1 padagaLu mattu padakantegaLu
    • 4.1.1 vyatyAsada avaSyakate
    • 4.1.2 kriyApada mattu guNapadagaLu
  • 4.2 gurutisuva vidhAnagaLu
    • 4.2.1 hesarisuvudu mattu varNisuvudu
    • 4.2.2 hosa mattu haLe gurutisuvikegaLu
    • 4.2.3 tiLida mattu tiLiyada gurutisuvikegaLu
    • 4.2.4 gurutisada nAmapadagaLu
  • 4.3 varNisuva nAmapadakantegaLu
    • 4.3.1 padakantegaLu mattu jODupadagaLu
    • 4.3.2 guNapadagaLa vibhajane
    • 4.3.3 nAmapadakantegaLalli guNapadagaLa baLake
    • 4.3.4 eNikeya padagaLa baLake
    • 4.3.5 aLateyannu sUcisuva padagaLu
  • 4.4 sArAmSa
• adhyAya 5 — kriyApadagaLa padarUpagaLu
  • 5.1 pIThike
  • 5.2 samayavannu sUcisuva pratyayagaLu
    • 5.2.1 mundina samaya
    • 5.2.2 hindina samaya
    • 5.2.3 apavAdagaLu
    • 5.2.4 Igina samaya
    • 5.2.5 samaya pratyayavillade baLakeyAguva kriyApadagaLu
  • 5.3 ghaTakavannu sUcisuva pratyayagaLu
  • 5.4 isu pratyayada baLake
  • 5.5 vAkyada naDuve kANisuva kriyArUpagaLu
    • 5.5.1 jODisuva rUpagaLu
    • 5.5.2 samayavannu sUcisuva pratyayagaLu
    • 5.5.3 i pratyayada rUpagaLu
    • 5.5.4 sambandhisuva rUpagaLu
    • 5.5.5 Sharattannu sUcisuva rUpa
    • 5.5.6 kriyApadada nAmapadarUpagaLu
  • 5.6 kUDupadagaLu
    • 5.6.1 samayada sUcane
    • 5.6.2 iru kriyApadada baLake
    • 5.6.3 koLLu padada baLake
  • 5.7 sArAmSa
• adhyAya 6 — guNapadagaLa baLake - 6.2.2 jAga, suru mattu kone
  • 6.1 pIThike
  • 6.2 guNapadagaLa naDuviruva sAmyagaLu
    • 6.2.1 guNadharmada pramANavannu sUcisuva padagaLu
    • 6.2.2 hOlikeyannu sUcisuva vAkyagaLu
    • 6.2.3 beragannu sUcisuva vAkyagaLu
  • 6.3 kelavu vyatyAsagaLu
    • 6.3.1 niScitavAda jAga
    • 6.3.2 E illavE U pratyayagaLa jote baLake
    • 6.3.3 pratidhvanisuva racaneyalli baLake
    • 6.3.4 pratyayagaLa baLake
    • 6.3.5 guNadharmadalli vyatyAsa
    • 6.3.6 vAkyaracaneya bEDikegaLu
  • 6.4 aNakisuva guNapadagaLu
  • 6.5 jAgavannu sUcisuva guNapadagaLu
  • 6.6 samayavannu sUcisuva guNapadagaLu
  • 6.7 sArAmSa
• adhyAya 7 — oLavAkyagaLu
  • 7.1 pIThike
  • 7.2 etti hELuvudu
    • 7.2.1 ante embudara baLake
    • 7.2.2 oLavAkyada baLake
  • 7.3 varNisuvudu
    • 7.3.1 vAkyada angavAgi baLake
    • 7.3.2 nAmapadada jAgadalli baLake
    • 7.3.3 kriyAguNapadagaLa jAgadalli baLake
    • 7.3.4 horavAkyada kriyApadagaLu
    • 7.3.5 horavAkyavAgi viShayavAkyagaLa baLake
  • 7.4 padakanteya angavAgi baLake
    • 7.4.1 O pratyayada baLake
    • 7.4.2 kriyApadakke a pratyayavannu sErisuvudu
    • 7.4.3 vAkyada ghaTakagaLige a pratyayavannu sErisuvudu
    • 7.4.4 emba illavE ennuva padagaLa baLake
  • 7.5 sArAmSa
• adhyAya 8 — vAkyagaLa jODaNe
  • 8.1 pIThike
    • 8.1.1 jODaNeyalli vAkyagaLu mattu vAkyAngagaLu
    • 8.1.2 jODisida vAkya mattu oLavAkya
  • 8.2 jODaNeya niyamagaLu
    • 8.2.1 ondE kriyApadada baLake
    • 8.2.2 jODisuva pada illavE pratyayagaLa jAga
    • 8.2.3 jODisuva kriyArUpada baLake
    • 8.2.4 ghaTaneya hatOTi
  • 8.3 jODaNeyalli mUru bage
  • 8.4 jODisida vAkyagaLu mattu kUDupadagaLu
  • 8.4 sArAmSa
• adhyAya 9 — sambandhisuvudu mattu allagaLeyuvudu
  • 9.1 pIThike
  • 9.2 sambandhisuva vAkyagaLu
    • 9.2.1 ghaTakagaLannu pratyEkisuvudu
    • 9.2.2 kriyApadavannu badalAyisuvudu
  • 9.3 allagaLeyuva vAkyagaLu
    • 9.3.1 sambandhavannu allagaLeyuvudu
    • 9.3.2 padagaLannu allagaLeyuvudu
    • 9.3.3 allagaLeyuva kriyArUpagaLu
    • 9.3.4 eraDu bAri allagaLeyuvudu
    • 9.3.5 aLateyannu allagaLeyuvudu
    • 9.3.6 kelavu viSiShTa padagaLa baLake
  • 9.4 sArAmSa
• adhyAya 10 — mAtina kelasagaLu
  • 10.1 pIThike
  • 10.2 naDesikoDuva padagaLu
    • 10.2.1 kelavu apavAdagaLu
  • 10.3 kELuva vAkyagaLu
    • 10.3.1 vAkyakELvigaLa svarUpa
    • 10.3.2 vAkyakELvigaLige uttara
    • 10.3.3 vAkyakELvigaLalli vayvidhya
    • 10.3.4 dxDhIkarisuva kELvigaLu
    • 10.3.5 badali kELvigaLu
    • 10.4.1 aniScita padagaLu
    • 10.4.2 kELuva angagaLu
    • 10.4.3 padavagradalli vyatyAsa
    • 10.4.4 vacanada aniScitate
    • 10.4.5 oLavAkyagaLAgi baLake
    • 10.4.6 vAkyAnga kELvigaLalli vayvidhya
  • 10.5 kelasa mADisuva vAkyagaLu
    • 10.5.1 pratyaya sErisada rUpa
    • 10.5.2 i illavE iri pratyayada baLake
    • 10.5.3 ONa pratyayada baLake
    • 10.5.4 i pratyayada baLake
    • 10.5.5 kelavu viSiShTavAda padagaLa baLake
  • 10.6 beragannu sUcisuva vAkyagaLu
  • 10.7 sArAmSa
• adhyAya 11 — kannaDada kelavu vaySiShTyagaLu
  • 11.1 pIThike
  • 11.2 mukhya padavagragaLu
  • 11.3 mukhyavallada padavagragaLu
  • 11.4 padagaLa anukrama
  • 11.5 vyAkaraNa sambandha
  • 11.6 samayada sUcane
  • 11.7 allagaLeyuva vAkyagaLu
  • 11.8 kELvigaLu

  • 11.9 muktAya

    kannaDa vAkyagaLa oLaracane Di. en. Sankara bhaT bhAShA prakASana, Araga, tIrthahaLLi bi DA. Di. en Sankara baT. ellA hakkugaLannU kAdiriside. KANNADA VAAKYAGALA OLARACANE (The structure of Kannada sentences) by D.N.Shankara Bhat, Alilabagilu, Araga P.O., Tirthahalli 577 414; phone:

    1. E-mail: bhatdns@rediffmail.com modalaneya accu : 2004 eraDaneya accu : 2006 mUraneya accu: 2012 bi: barahagAra horapaDike : bhAShA prakASana, Araga, tIrthahaLLi 577 417 hancike : atri buk senTar, 4, SarAvati kaTTaDa, balmaTha, mangaLUru 575 001. accu : SrI Sakti elekTrik pres, 13nE krAs, jayanagara, maysUru 570 014. munnuDi ippattAru vaShragaLa hinde kannaDa vAkyagaLu: Antarika racane mattu arthavyavasthe emba hesarinalli nannadondu pustaka maysUrina gItA buk havs mUlaka prakaTavAgittu. adaralli kannaDa vAkyagaLa oLaracaneyannu hosa bhAShAvijYAnada dxShTi kOnada mUlaka pariSIlisalu prayatnisidde. adannE AdhAravAgirisi konDu Iga I hosadondu pustakavannu barediddEne. I pustakadalli arthavyavasthegintalU Antarika racanegEnE heccina ottu koTTiddEne. idallade, kaLeda ippattaydu vaShragaLalli naDesida adhyayana mattu samSOdhanegaLa phalavAgi kannaDa vAkyagaLa oLaracaneya kuritu halavu hosa viShayagaLannu kanDuhiDididdEne, mattu nannallidda kelavu haLeya vicAragaLu tappembudannU kanDukonDiddEne. ivannu baLasidudarindAgi I pustaka haLeyada rinda halavu viShayagaLalli bhinnavAgiruvudannu kANabahudu. kannaDada SAstrIya barahagaLallella avaSyaviruvallU illadiru vallU heccu heccu samskxta padagaLannu baLasuvudarindAgi avu sAmAnyara kayge eTukadantAguvudE jAsti. kannaDada vyAkaraNa pustakagaLu kagganTugaLAgalu idU ondu kAraNa. I pustakavannu bareyuvAga AdaShTu maTTige kannaDada padagaLannE baLasuvudara mUlaka hELuva viShaya sulabhadalli arthavAguva hAge mADalu prayatnisiddEne. kannaDada savranAmagaLu kannaDa vAkyagaLa kuritu mukhyavendu tOrida kelavu viShaya gaLannaShTE I pustakadalli vivarisalu sAdhyavAgide. bhASheyembudu ondu bahaLa jaTilavAda vyavastheyAgiddu, adara racaneya kuritu eShTu hELidarU mugiyadaShTu viShayagaLive. I pustakada prati yondu adhyAyada pratiyondu vibhAgada mElU intaha pustaka gaLannu bareyalu sAdhyavide. antaha pustakagaLannu baredu kannaDa bhAShege ondu paripUrNavAda vyAkaraNavannu siddhapaDisuvalli yuva vidvAmsarige I pustaka porItsAha koDuvantAgali embudE nanna hArayke. I pustakada hastapratiyannomme Odi nODi tamma amUlya vAda salahegaLannu koTTa geLeya si. es. rAmacandra avarigU, idara prakaTaNegAgi anudAna koTTiruva maysUrina bhAratIya bhAShA samsthAnakkU, idara mudraNadalli ‘baraha’ emba hesarina tantrAmSavannu ucitavAgi baLasikoLLalu oppige nIDiruva SESAdri vAsu candraSEkharan avarigU, idannu andavAgi mudrisi koTTiruva SrI Sakti ilekTrik presna rA. SrI. mOhana mUtri avarigU mattu idara mArATada hoNe hottiruva atri buk senTarina ji. en. aSOkavardhana avarigU nAnu AbhAri. maysUru mAcra 1, 2004 Di. en. Sankara bhaT anukramaNike adhyAya 1: pIThike 1.1 mAtina kelasagaLu 1.2 kriyAvAkyagaLu mattu viShayavAkyagaLu 1.2.1 kriyApadada baLake
       1.2.2 samaya sUcaneyalli vyatyAsa 1.2.3 eraDara naDuvina sambandha
       1.3 vAkyada ghaTakagaLu 1.3.1 mukhyavAda mattu mukhyavallada ghaTakagaLu
       1.3.2 vibhakti pratyayagaLa baLake 1.3.3 eraDu rItiya sambandhagaLu 1.4 guNapadagaLa baLake
       1.5 oLavAkyagaLa baLake
       1.6 vAkyagaLa jODaNe
       1.7 kannaDada kelavu vaySiShTyagaLu
       adhyAya 2 : kriyAvAkyagaLa oLaracane 2.1 pIThike 2.1.1 kriyApadada pratyayagaLu
       2.1.2 vAkya ghaTakagaLu mattu guNapadagaLu
       2.2 ghaTakagaLalli vayvidhya
       2.2.1 mukhya ghaTakagaLu
       2.2.2 mukhyavallada ghaTakagaLu 2.3 ghaTakagaLa naDuvina vyatyAsagaLu 2.3.1 Aguga mattu mADuga 2.3.2 jAga, suru mattu kone
       2.3.3 suru mattu kone ghaTakagaLa heccina baLakegaLu 2.4 kriyApadagaLa vibhajane 2.4.1 ghaTakavillade baruva kriyApadagaLu
       2.4.2 ghaTaneya hatOTi
       2.4.3 Agu kriyApadada ghaTakagaLu 2.4.4 kadaluva mattu kadalada ghaTanegaLu
       2.5 vibhajaneya samasyegaLu 2.5.1 hatOTiya sUcane 2.5.2 samagrateya sUcane 2.5.3 kadaluvikeya sUcane 2.6 ghaTakagaLannu pratyEkisuvudu
       2.6.1 annu pratyayada baLake 2.6.2 jAga, suru mattu kone
       2.6.3 sambandhavannu sUcisuva padagaLu 2.7 vyavahAra sambandha
       2.7.1 viShaya mattu suddi 2.7.2 mukhya amSa 2.7.3 hinneNike
       2.8 guNapadagaLa baLake
       2.9 sArAmSa adhyAya 3 : viShayavAkyagaLa oLaracane 3.1 pIThike 3.1.1 samayabhEdagaLu
       3.1.2 kriyAvAkyagaLondige sambandha 3.2 iruvikeya vAkyagaLu
       3.2.1 jAgada svarUpa
       3.2.2 samaya ghaTakada baLake 3.2.3 iru kriyApadada baLake 3.3 guNavAkyagaLu 3.3.1 age pratyayada baLake anukramaNike 3.3.2 Agi kriyArUpada baLake 3.3.3 guNapadagaLa vibhajane 3.3.4 heccina ghaTakagaLu
       3.3.5 jODi guNapadagaLu 3.3.6 iru padada baLake
       3.3.7 iruvikeya vAkyadondige sambandha
       3.4 sambandha vAkyagaLu
       3.4.1 heccina ghaTakagaLu
       3.5 sArAmSa adhyAya 4 : nAmapadagaLa kantegaLu 4.1 padagaLu mattu padakantegaLu
       4.1.1 vyatyAsada avaSyakate 4.1.2 kriyApadagaLu mattu guNapadagaLu
       4.2 gurutisuva vidhAnagaLu 4.2.1 hesarisuvudu mattu varNisuvudu
       4.2.2 hosa mattu haLe gurutisuvikegaLu
       4.2.3 tiLida mattu tiLiyada gurutisuvikegaLu 4.2.4 gurutisada nAmapadagaLu
       4.3 varNisuva nAmapadakantegaLu
       4.3.1 padakantegaLu mattu jODupadagaLu
       4.3.2 guNapadagaLa vibhajane 4.3.3 nAmapadakantegaLalli guNapadagaLa baLake 4.3.4 eNikeya padagaLa baLake 4.3.5 aLateyannu sUcisuva padagaLu 4.4 sArAmSa adhyAya 5 : kriyApadagaLa padarUpagaLu 5.1 pIThike 5.2 samayavannu sUcisuva pratyayagaLu
       5.2.1 mundina samaya
       5.2.2 hindina samaya
       5.2.3 apavAdagaLu 5.2.4 Igina samaya 5.2.5 samaya pratyayavillade baLakeyAguva kriyApadagaLu 117 5.3 ghaTakavannu sUcisuva pratyayagaLu 5.4 isu pratyayada baLake 5.5 vAkyada naDuve kANisuva kriyArUpagaLu 5.5.1 jODisuva rUpagaLu 5.5.2 samayavannu sUcisuva pratyayagaLu
       5.5.3 i pratyayada rUpagaLu 5.5.4 sambandhisuva rUpagaLu 5.5.5 Sharattannu sUcisuva rUpa
       5.5.6 kriyApadada nAmapadarUpagaLu 5.6 kUDupadagaLu 5.6.1 samayada sUcane
       5.6.2 iru kriyApadada baLake 5.6.3 koLLu padada baLake 5.7 sArAmSa adhyAya 6 : guNapadagaLa baLake 6.1 pIThike 6.2 guNapadagaLa naDuviruva sAmyagaLu 6.2.1 guNadharmada pramANavannu sUcisuva vAkyagaLu 6.2.2 hOlikeyannu sUcisuva vAkyagaLu
       6.2.3 beragannu sUcisuva vAkyagaLu 6.3 kelavu vyatyAsagaLu
       6.3.1 niScitavAda jAga
       6.3.2 E illavE U pratyayada baLake 6.3.3 pratidhvanisuva racaneyalli baLake 6.3.4 pratyayagaLa baLake
       6.3.5 guNadharmadalli vyatyAsa 6.3.6 vAkyaracaneya bEDikegaLu
       6.4 aNakisuva guNapadagaLu 6.5 jAgavannu sUcisuva guNapadagaLu anukramaNike 6.6 samayavannu sUcisuva guNapadagaLu
       6.7 sArAmSa adhyAya 7 : oLavAkyagaLu 7.1 pIThike 7.2 etti hELuvudu 7.2.1 ante embudara baLake 7.2.2 oLavAkyada baLake
       7.3 varNisuvudu 7.3.1 vAkyada angavAgi baLake 7.3.2 nAmapadada jAgadalli baLake 7.3.3 kriyAguNapadagaLa jAgadalli baLake
       7.3.4 horavAkyada kriyApadagaLu
       7.3.5 horavAkyavAgi viShayavAkyagaLa baLake 7.4 padakanteya angavAgi baLake
       7.4.1 O pratyayada baLake 7.4.2 kriyApadakke a pratyayavannu sErisuvudu 7.4.3 vAkyaghaTakagaLige a pratyayavannu sErisuvudu
       7.4.4 emba illavE ennuva padada baLake
       7.5 sArAmSa adhyAya 8 : vAkyagaLa jODaNe 8.1 pIThike 8.1.1 jODaNeyalli vAkyagaLu mattu vAkyAngagaLu 8.1.2 jODisida vAkya mattu oLavAkya
       8.2 jODaNeya niyamagaLu 8.2.1 ondE kriyApadada baLake
       8.2.2 jODisuva pada illavE pratyayagaLa jAga
       8.2.3 jODisuva kriyArUpada baLake 8.2.4 ghaTaneya hatOTi
       8.3 jODaNeyalli mUru bage
       8.4 jODisida vAkyagaLu mattu kUDupadagaLu 8.4 sArAmSa adhyAya 9 : sambandhisuvudu mattu allagaLeyuvudu 9.1 pIThike 9.2 sambandhisuva vAkyagaLu 9.2.1 ghaTakagaLannu pratyEkisuvudu
       9.2.2 kriyApadavannu badalAyisuvudu
       9.3 allagaLeyuva vAkyagaLu 9.3.1 sambandhavannu allagaLeyuvudu 9.3.2 padagaLannu allagaLeyuvudu 9.3.3 allagaLeyuva kriyArUpagaLu 9.3.4 eraDu bAri allagaLeyuvudu 9.3.5 aLateyannu allagaLeyuvudu 9.3.6 kelavu viSiShTa padagaLa baLake
       9.4 sArAmSa adhyAya 10 : mAtina kelasagaLu 10.1 pIThike 10.2 naDesikoDuva padagaLu 10.2.1 kelavu apavAdagaLu 10.3 kELuva vAkyagaLu
       10.3.1 vAkyakELvigaLa svarUpa 10.3.2 vAkyakELvigaLige uttara 10.3.3 vAkyakELvigaLalli vayvidhya
       10.3.4 dxDhIkarisuva kELvigaLu
       10.3.5 badali kELvigaLu
       10.4 vAkyAnga kELvigaLu
       10.4.1 aniScita padagaLu
       10.4.2 kELuva angagaLu
       10.4.3 padavagradalli vyatyAsa anukramaNike 10.4.4 vacanada aniScitate 10.4.5 oLavAkyagaLAgi baLake 10.4.6 vAkyAnga kELvigaLalli vayvidhya 10.5 kelasa mADisuva vAkyagaLu
       10.5.1 pratyaya sErisada rUpa
       10.5.2 i illavE iri pratyayada baLake
       10.5.3 ONa pratyayada baLake 10.5.4 i pratyayada baLake 10.5.5 kelavu viSiShTavAda padagaLa baLake
       10.6 beragannu sUcisuvudu 10.7 sArAmSa
       11 kannaDada kelavu vaySiShTyagaLu 11.1 pIThike 11.2 mukhya padavagragaLu 11.3 mukhyavallada padavagragaLu
       11.4 padagaLa anukrama
       11.5 vyAkaraNa sambandha
       11.6 samayada sUcane
       11.7 allagaLeyuva vAkyagaLu 11.8 kELvigaLu
       11.9 muktAya
       kelavu pAribhAShika padagaLu AkarasUci viShayasUci
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adhyAya ondu — pIThike

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1.1 mAtina kelasagaLu

nAvu namma dinanityada jIvanadalli bEre bEre rItiya ‘mAtina kelasa’ gaLannu naDesuvudakkAgi halavAru rItiya vAkyagaLannu baLasuttiruttEve. udAharaNegAgi, tiLidiruva sangatigaLannu bEreyavarige tiLisihELuvu dakkAgi keLage (1ka-gha)gaLalli koTTiruvantaha ondu rItiya vAkyagaLannu baLasuttEvAdare, tiLiyade iruva sangatigaLannu kELi tiLidukoLLuvu dakkAgi (2ka-gha)gaLalli koTTiruvantaha avakkinta bhinnavAgiruva bEre rItiya vAkyagaLannu baLasuttEve. rAju maradinda keLage hArida. (1kha) doresvAmi nALe bengaLUrige hOguttAre. (1ga) nanna hattira nUrayvattu rupAyi ide. (1gha) I pustaka nammadu. (2ka) maradinda keLage hAriddu yAru? (2kha) doresvAmi nALe bengaLUrige hOguttArO? (2ga) nimma hattira eShTu haNavide? (2gha) I pustaka nammadO? idallade, mADalAgada kelasagaLannu innobbara hattira hELi mADisi koLLuvudu, mADabEkendiruva kelasagaLannu mADalu (avaSyabiddalli) innobbara oppige kELuvudu, manassigAgada kelasavannu yArAdarU mADidalli avarannu tegaLuvudu, manassige hiDisida kelasavannu yArA darU mADidalli avarannu hogaLuvudu, ityAdiyAgi halavAru rItiya mAtina kelasagaLannu nAvu namma dinanityada jIvanadalli naDesa bEkAgiddu, idakkAgiyU nAvu bEre bEre rItiya vAkyagaLannu baLasa ballevu.
(3ka) I silinDarannu horage irisi. (3kha) ivattu nAvu bengaLUrige hOgONa. (3ga) A huDugi eShTu cennAgi kuNiyuttiddALe! (3gha) Ake ivattu athavA nALe barabahudu. ondE ghaTane illavE viShayavannu tiLisuva vAkyavannU I rIti bEre bEre mAtina kelasagaLannu sAdhisuvudakkAgi baLasalu sAdhyavide, mattu adakkAgi A vAkyadalli keLage kANisiruvante halavAru rItiya badalAvaNegaLannu mADikoLLabEkAguttade. rAju pETege hOgiddAne. (4kha) rAju pETege hOgiddAnO? rAju pETege hOgirabahudu. (4gha) rAju pETege hOgali. (4Ga) rAju pETege hOguvudu bEDa. mEle koTTiruva (4ka-Ga)gaLalli ‘rAju pETege hOguvudu’ emba ghaTaneyannu sUcisuva ondE ondu vAkyavannu aydu bEre bEre ‘mAtina kelasa’gaLannu naDesuvudakkAgi baLasikoLLalAgideyembudannu gamanisabahudu. (4ka) vAkya A ghaTane naDedideyendu tiLisuttade, (4kha) vAkya adu naDedideyE endu kELuttade, (4ga) vAkya adu naDediralu sAdhya embudannu tiLisuttade, (4gha) vAkya adu naDeyalu ADugana oppigeyideyembudannu sUcisuttade, mattu (4Ga) vAkya adu naDeyadante taDehAkuttade.
vAkyagaLa mUlaka naDesalu sAdhyaviruva I halavu rItiya ‘mAtina kelasa’gaLalli naDediruva athavA naDeyaliruva ghaTanegaLannu illavE sangatigaLannu innobbarige tiLisi hELuvudE atyanta prAmukhyavAda kelasavendu hELabahudu. hAgAgi, kannaDa vAkyagaLa oLaracaneyEnu embudannu tiLidukoLLabEkendiruvavaru modalige I rIti bEre bEre ghaTanegaLannu illavE sangatigaLannu innobbarige tiLisihELuvudakkAgi entaha vAkyagaLannu baLasalAguttade, mattu A vAkyagaLa oLaracane entahadu embudannu tiLidukoLLuvudu oLLeyadu.
itara mAtina kelasagaLannu naDesuvudakkAgi baLasuva vAkyagaLannella intaha ghaTane illavE sangatigaLannu tiLisi hELalu baLasuva vAkyagaLalli bEre bEre rItiya badalAvaNegaLannu mADuvudara mUlaka sAdhisalu sAdhyavide. hAgAgi, tiLisi hELuva vAkyagaLannu mUla vAkyagaLendU mattu itara vAkyagaLannu antaha mUla vAkyagaLinda tayArAguva ‘sAdhita’ vAkyagaLendU kalpisikonDalli kannaDa vAkyagaLa oLaracaneyannu tiLidukoLLuva kelasa sulabhavAgaballudu. I kAraNakkAgi, mundina ELu adhyAyagaLalli tiLisuva vAkyagaLa oLaracaneyEnembudannu mAtravE vivarisi hELuva prayatnavannu mADalAgide. tiLisuva vAkyagaLallU ondu ghaTaneyannu nEravAgi tiLisuvavugaLu mattu ondu ghaTaneyalli toDagiruva vyakti, vastu modalAdavugaLalli ondakke A ghaTaneyondigiruva ‘sambandha’vannu tiLisuvavugaLu embudAgi eraDu rItiyavugaLannu kANabahudu.
rAju bengaLUrige hOda. (5kha) rAju hOdaddu bengaLUrige. (5ka)dalli ondu ghaTane naDediruvudannu tiLisalAgide, Adare (5kha)dalli bengaLUru emba jAgakkU mattu A ghaTanegU naDuviruva sambandha vannu tiLisalAgide idallade, ghaTane naDedide illavE naDeyalide embudAgi sUcisu vavugaLu (5ka) mattu adannu ‘allagaLe’yuvavugaLu (5ga) embu dAgiyU mattu sangati ide, ittu athavA iruttade embudannu sUcisuvavugaLu (5gha) mattu adannu allagaLeyuvavugaLu (5Ga) embudAgiyU bEre eraDu rItiyavannU kANabahudu.
rAju bengaLUrige hOgalilla. (5gha) rAju bengaLUrinalli iddAne. (5Ga) rAju bengaLUrinalli illa. (5ka)dalli tiLisiruva ghaTane naDedillavembudAgi (5ga)dalli A ghaTane yannu allagaLeyalAgide. (5gha)dalli ondu sangatiyannu tiLisalAgide mattu (5Ga)dalli adannu allagaLeyalAgide. ghaTaneyondige adara ghaTakagaLallondannu sambandhisuva mattu ghaTane, sangati illavE sambandhagaLannu allagaLeyuva vAkyagaLa oLaracaneyentahadu embudannu ombattanE adhyAyadalli vivarisalAgide. itara mAtina kelasagaLannu naDesuvudakkAgi entaha vAkyagaLannu baLasalAguttade embudannu mattu tiLisuva vAkyagaLinda antaha vAkya gaLannu tayArisuva bage hEge embudannu hattaneya adhyAyadalli vivarisalAgide. I ombattu adhyAyagaLalli (2-10) baruva viShayagaLu entahavu embudannu keLagina vibhAgagaLalli svalpa cuTukAgi sUcisa

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1.2 kriyAvAkyagaLu mattu viShayavAkyagaLu

tiLisuva vAkyagaLalli yAvudAdarondu ‘ghaTane’yannu (adu naDediru vudannu illavE naDeyaliruvudannu) tiLisuvavu mattu ondu sangati yannu tiLisuvavu embudAgi eraDu mukhya vibhAgagaLannu mADa bahudu. ghaTaneyannu tiLisuva vAkyagaLallella A ghaTaneyannu sUcisu vudakkAgi yAvudAdarondu kriyApada bandiruva kAraNa avannella ‘kriyAvAkya’gaLendu kareyabahudu. rAju maradinda keLage hArida. (6kha) obba muduka nimmannu kANalu bandidda. (6ga) doresvAmigaLu nALe bengaLUrige hOguttAre. (6gha) SAmaNNOru nimmannu bahaLa hogaLidaru. mEle (6ka-gha)dalli bandiruva vAkyagaLella kriyAvAkyagaLu. avu hAru, baru, hOgu mattu hogaLu emba kriyApadagaLa mUlaka bEre bEre ghaTanegaLu naDediruvudannu illavE naDeyaliruvudannu sUcisuttave. sangatiyannu tiLisuva vAkyagaLallU sAmAnyavAgi ondu kriyA pada bandiruttade. Adare idu intaha ellA vAkyagaLallU iru emba ondE kriyApadavAgiruttade. hAgAgi kelavomme adannu baLasadiralU sAdhyavide. sangatiyannu tiLisuva I vAkyagaLu ghaTaneyannu tiLisuva vAkyagaLiginta halavu viShayagaLalli bhinnavAgiruva kAraNa, ivannu bErondu hesarininda kareyuva avaSyakateyide. I pustakadalli ivannu ‘viShayavAkya’gaLendu kareyalAgide. rAjuvina kayyalli ondu haNNide. (7kha) avara mane bahaLa doDDadide. (7gha) A huDuga Odinalli svalpa hinde iddAne. SAleya huDugarige ivattu raje ide. (7ka-gha)dalli bandiruva vAkyagaLella viShayavAkyagaLu. ivu iru kriyA padada mUlaka bEre bEre rItiya sangatigaLa iruvikeyannu sUcisu ttave.

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1.2.1 kriyApadada baLake

mEle sUcisida hAge, kriyAvAkya mattu viShayavAkyagaLa naDuve kelavu prAmukhyavAda vyatyAsagaLive. udAharaNegAgi, kriyAvAkyagaLalli bEre bEre kriyApadagaLu kEndragaLAgi baruttiddu, avu vAkyavu tiLisabEkA giruva ghaTaneyannu sUcisuvuvAda kAraNa, avakke heccina prAmukhyate yide. Adare, viShayavAkyagaLallella iru emba ondE kriyApada baru ttiddu, adu vAkyada ghaTakagaLu oTTAgi sUcisuva ondu sangatiya iruvikeyannu mAtra tiLisuvudAda kAraNa adakke antaha mahatvada sthAnavilla. hAgAgi, kriyAvAkyagaLalli baruva kriyApadavannu baLasadiruvudu kaShTa, Adare viShayavAkyagaLalli baruva kriyApadavannu (iru embu dannu) baLasadiruvudu sulabha. sAmAnyavAgi ondu sangatiya iruvikeya kuritAgi heccinadEnannU hELabEkAgillavAdalli I rIti antaha viShayavAkyagaLalli kriyApadavannu baLasadiralu sAdhyavide.
udAharaNegAgi, ondu sangati iruvudu illavE iddudu yAvAga embudAgi adara samayavannu bEreyE ondu padada mUlaka sUcisalAgideyAdare (8ka-kha nODi), athavA hAge sUcisuva avaSyakateyillavAdare (8ga), antaha sandabhragaLalli viShaya vAkyagaLannu iru kriyApadavilladeyU baLasalu sAdhyavide.
(8ka) makkaLige ivattu SAlege raje. (8kha) SAmarAyara maneyalli nALe maduve. (8ga) rAjuvina mane bahaLa cikkadu.
(8ka) mattu (8kha) vAkyagaLu sangatigaLannu tiLisuttiddu, A sangatigaLa samayavannu ivattu mattu nALe emba padagaLa mUlaka sUcisalAgide. hAgAgi, I vAkyagaLalli iru padavannu baLasuva avaSyakateyilla. idE rItiyalli (8ga) vAkyavu hindina mattu mundina samayagaLeraDakkU sambandhisiruva sangatiyondannu tiLisuttideyAda kAraNa, adarallU iru padavannu baLasuva avaSyakateyilla.

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1.2.2 samaya sUcaneyalli vyatyAsa

kriyAvAkya mattu viShayavAkyagaLa naDuve avu sUcisuva samaya bhEdadallU vyatyAsavide. kriyAvAkyagaLalli baruva kriyApadagaLu ‘hindinavu’ mattu ‘mundinavu’ embudAgi avu tiLisuva ghaTanegaLa kuritAgi eraDu rItiya samayagaLannu mAtra sUcisaballuvu. Adare idakke badalAgi, viShayavAkyagaLalli baruva iru kriyApada ‘hindinavu’, ‘Iginavu’ mattu ‘mundinavu’ embudAgi avu tiLisuva sangatigaLa kuritAgi mUru bEre bEre samayagaLannu sUcisaballuvu.
rAju marakke hattida. (9kha) rAju marakke hattuttAne. (10ka) Akege nimma mEle bahaLa kOpa ittu. (10kha) Akege nimma mEle bahaLa kOpa ide. (10ga) Akege nimma mEle (nALe bhETige hOguvAga) bahaLa kOpa iruttade. kannaDadalli iru kriyApadakke ittu, ide mattu iruttade emba mUru kriyArUpagaLiddu, avannu baLasi tayArisuva viShayavAkyagaLu hindina sangati, Igina sangati mattu mundina sangati embudAgi mUru samayagaLalli kANisikoLLuva sangatigaLannu sUcisaballuvu embudannu (10ka-ga) vAkyagaLalli kANabahudu.
Adare kannaDada itara kriyApadagaLige hindina mattu mundina emba eraDu samayagaLannu sUcisuva rUpagaLu mAtra iveyAda kAraNa, avu ‘hindina ghaTane’’mattu ‘mundina ghaTane’’embudAgi eraDu samayagaLalli kANisikoLLuva ghaTanegaLannu mAtra sUcisaballuvu.
udAharaNegAgi, vAkyagaLalli bandiruva hattu kriyApadakke hattida mattu hattuttAne emba eraDu samayagaLannu sUcisuva rUpagaLu mAtra ive. hAgAgi kriyAvAkyagaLalli mAtina samayakkinta modalu naDeda hattuvike mattu mAtina samayada anantara naDeyuva hattuvike embudAgi hattuvikeyalli eraDu rItiya samayabhEdavannu mAtra I kriyApadada mUlaka nEravAgi sUcisalu sAdhya.
viSiShTavAgi ondu ghaTane mAtanADuva samayadallEnE naDeyu ttide embudAgi adara samayavannu sUcisabEkAdAga, kannaDadalli keLage (9ga)dalli kANisiruva hAge kriyApadavannu iru embudara Igina samayavannu sUcisuva rUpadondige sErisi baLasabEkAguttade. (I (9ga) vAkyakke rUDhiyalliruva ghaTaneyannu sUcisuva innondu arthavU ideyembudannu munde nODaliruvevu). rAju marakke hattuttiddAne.

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1.2.3 eraDara naDuvina sambandha

kriyAvAkya mattu viShayavAkyagaLu I rIti ondarindondu bhinna vAgiveyAdarU avugaLa naDuve hattirada sambandhavide. sAmAnyavAgi eraDu viShayavAkyagaLu tiLisuva sangatigaLannu ondu kriyAvAkya sambandhisaballudu.
(11ka) rAju marada keLagiddAne. (11kha) rAju marada mEliddAne. (11ga) rAju marakke hattida. (11ka-kha)gaLu viShayavAkyagaLu. avu eraDu bEre bEre sangatigaLannu tiLisuttave. Adare, (11ga) ondu kriyAvAkya. adu I eraDu sangatigaLannu sambandhisuttade. adu tiLisuva ghaTaneyindAgi (11ka) tiLisuva sangati (11kha) tiLisuva sangatiyAgi badalAgide endu hELabahudu. I rIti kriyAvAkya mattu viShayavAkyagaLu ondakkondu sambandhisiveyAdarU avugaLa naDuve halavu vyatyAsagaLiveyAda kAraNa, kriyAvAkyagaLa oLaracaneyannu eraDaneya adhyAyadallU mattu viShayavAkyagaLa oLaracaneyannu mUraneya adhyAyadallU vivarisa lAgide.

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1.3 vAkyada ghaTakagaLu

mEle vivarisiruva eraDu rItiya tiLisuva vAkyagaLallU kEndrasthAna dalli ondu kriyApada baruttade. kriyAvAkyagaLalli idu A vAkyagaLu tiLisuva ghaTaneyannu sUcisuttade mattu viShayavAkyagaLalli avu tiLisuva sangatiya iruvikeyannu sUcisuttade. I kEndradondige ghaTane illavE sangatiyalli toDagikonDiruva vyakti, vastu, viShaya modalAdavugaLannu gurutisuvudakkAgi I vAkyagaLalli kelavu ‘ghaTaka’ gaLU bandiruttave. udAharaNegAgi keLagina eraDu vAkyagaLannu gamanisa bahudu. (12ka) rAju bekkige hAlu kuDisida. (12kha) I pustakakke kempu baNNada taTTi ide. (12ka)dalli koTTiruva kriyAvAkyadalli kuDisida emba kriyApada mAtravallade rAju, bekkige mattu hAlu emba mUru ghaTakagaLu bandive. I ghaTakagaLu kuDisuva ghaTanege sambandhisiruva mUru vyakti, prANi mattu vastugaLannu sUcisuttive.
idE rItiyalli (12kha)dalli koTTiruva viShayavAkyadalli ide kriyApada mAtravallade, I pustakakke mattu kempu baNNada taTTi emba eraDu ghaTakagaLu bandiddu, avu I vAkya tiLisuva sangatige sambandhisiruva vastu mattu adara guNadharmagaLannu sUcisuttave. ondu ghaTane illavE sangatiyalli toDagikonDiruva vyakti, vastu modalAduvannu gurutisuva ghaTakagaLa tayArikeyalli pada mattu padakante embudAgi eraDu maTTagaLalli baruva vAkyAngagaLu baLake yAguttave. ivugaLalli modalaneyadu vyakti, vastu modalAduvannu ‘hesarisuva’ mUlaka gurutisuttade mattu eraDaneyadu avannE ‘varNisuva’ mUlaka gurutisuttade. I eraDu rItiya vAkyAngagaLa baLakeyentahadu embudannu nAlkaneya adhyAyadalli vivarisalAgide.

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1.3.1 mukhyavAda mattu mukhyavallada ghaTakagaLu

vAkyada kriyApadadondige baruva I ghaTakagaLu adu tiLisuva ghaTanege bEre bEre rItiyalli sambandhisiruva vyakti, vastu, viShaya modalA davugaLannu sUcisuttave. ivannu mukhya ghaTakagaLu mattu mukhyavallada ghaTakagaLu embudAgi vingaDisi hELalu sAdhyavide. sAmAnyavAgi ondu vAkyada kEndravAgiruva kriyApadada svarUpa mattu guNadharmagaLannavalambisi baruva ghaTakagaLannu adara mukhya ghaTakagaLendu kareyabahudu. udAharaNegAgi, bILu kriyApadaviruva ondu vAkyadalli obba vyaktiyannu (illavE ondu vastuvannu) sUcisu vantaha ondE ondu mukhya ghaTaka mAtra baruttade. yAkendare, bILuva ghaTanege obba vyakti illavE ondu vastu mAtravE sambandhi siralu sAdhya.
(13ka) surESa bidda. (13kha) koDa bittu. Adare, bILisu kriyApadaviruva vAkyadalli ibbaru vyaktigaLannu (illavE obba vyakti mattu ondu vastuvannu) sUcisabEkAguvudAda kAraNa, adarondige eraDu mukhya ghaTakagaLannu baLasuva avaSyakate yide. yAkendare, ‘bILisuva ghaTane’ge ‘bILuva vyakti (illavE vastu)’ mAtravallade, ‘bILisuvantaha innondu vyakti’yU sambandhisiruttade.
(14ka) jAnaki surESanannu bILisidaLu. (14kha) jAnaki koDavannu bILisidaLu. eraDakkinta jAsti mukhya ghaTakagaLu bEkAguva kriyApadagaLU kannaDadallive. udAharaNegAgi, koDu kriyApadaviruva vAkyadalli ‘koDuva vyakti’, ‘koDuva vastu’ mattu ‘koTTudannu paDeyuva vyakti’ embudAgi mUru vyakti mattu vastugaLannu sUcisuva ghaTakagaLannu baLasabEkAguttade. idE rItiyalli tinnisu kriyApadaviruva vAkyadalli ‘tinnisidavaru yAru’, ‘tinnisiddu yArige’ mattu ‘tinnisiddu Enannu’ emba mUru praSnegaLige uttara koDaballa mUru ghaTakagaLannu baLasuva avaSyakateyide. (15ka) rangEgavDaru ettugaLannu karImanige koTTaru. (15kha) sItAbAyi makkaLige tinDi tinnisidaLu. I rIti vAkyavondaralli eShTu mukhya ghaTakagaLu baruttave embudu mAtravalla, entaha mukhya ghaTakagaLu baruttave embudU vAkyada kriyApada entahadu embudannavalambiside. udAharaNegAgi, hOgu kriyApadaviruva vAkyadalli ‘hOguva vyakti’ mattu ‘hOguva jAga’ embudAgi obba vyaktiyannu mattu ondu jAgavannu sUcisuva ghaTakagaLu barabEkAguttadAdare, mare kriyApadaviruva vAkyadalli ‘mareta vyakti’ mattu ‘mareta viShaya’ embudAgi obba vyaktiyannu mattu ondu viShayavannu sUcisuva ghaTakagaLu barabEkAguttade.
(16ka) rAju bengaLUrige hOda. (16kha) rAju Akeyannu maretiddAne. kriyAvAkyagaLalli I rIti kriyApadada svarUpavannavalambisi baruva mukhya ghaTakagaLu mAtravallade bEre kelavu mukhyavallada ghaTakagaLU baraballuvu. intaha mukhyavallada ghaTakagaLu ellA vAkyagaLigU samAna vAgiddu, A vAkyagaLu tiLisuva ghaTaneya samaya, jAga, kAraNa, uddESa, modalAduvannu sUcisuttave.
(17ka) rAju bengaLUrige raylinalli hOda. (17kha) Ake bisilinalli happaLa oNagisidaLu. (17ga) vatsalA sOmavAra ondu sinemA nODiddaLu. (17gha) Ata maNNinalli ondu gombe mADida. (17Ga) rAju hariyondige pETege hOda. mElina vAkyagaLalli raylinalli, bisilinalli, sOmavAra, maNNinalli mattu hariyondige emba mukhyavallada ghaTakagaLu bandiruvudannu gamanisabahudu. ivu heccu kaDime ellA rItiya vAkyagaLallU baraballa jAga, samaya, jotegAra modalAdavugaLannu sUcisuttave. sangatiyannu sUcisuva viShayavAkyagaLallU idE rItiyalli mukhyavAda mattu mukhyavallada ghaTakagaLu baraballuvu. viShayavAkya gaLallella iru emba ondE kriyApada baruvudAda kAraNa, avugaLa llella eraDeraDu mukhya ghaTakagaLu baruttave. Adare avu sUcisuva sangatiya svarUpavannAdharisi, I ghaTakagaLu bEre bEre rUpadalli baruttiddu, vastu, jAga, guNadharma modalAduvannu sUcisuttave. (18ka) ivattu beLigge A TAnkiyalli ondu heNa ittu. (18kha) nArAyaNasvAmiya tale nuNNagide. (18ga) I mudukanige nUru muDi gaddeyide. (18ka) vAkyadalli A TAnkiyalli embudu ondu jAgavannU mattu ondu heNa embudu ondu vastuvannU sUcisuvudakkAgi bandiruva eraDu mukhya ghaTakagaLu. ivu oTTAgi yAva jAgadalli yAva vastu vide emba sangatiyannu tiLisuttave. I vAkyadalli I eraDu mukhya ghaTakagaLu mAtravallade sangatiya samayavannu sUcisuva ivattu beLigge emba ondu mukhyavallada ghaTakavU ide. idu ittu kriyApada kuritAgi heccina vivaragaLannu odagisuttade. I rIti (18ka) vAkya ondu jAgadalli vastuvondara iruvike yannu sUcisuvudAdare, (18kha) vAkya ondu vastuvina (nArAyaNa svAmiya taleya) guNadharmavondannu (nuNNage embudAgi) tiLisu ttade, mattu (18ga) vAkya obba vyaktigU (I mudukanigU) mattu ondu vastuvigU (nUru muDi gaddegU) naDuve ondu sambandha ide embudannu tiLisuttade.
sUcisuva samayada I mUru rItiya vAkyagaLalli baruva mukhya ghaTakagaLa naDuve kANisuva vyatyAsagaLige avu sUcisuva sangatigaLa naDuviruva vyatyAsa gaLE kAraNa.

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1.3.2 vibhakti pratyayagaLa baLake

vAkyavondaralli ondakkinta jAsti ghaTakagaLu bandAga avu yAva rItiyalli kriyApadadondige (endare kriyApada sUcisuva ghaTaneyalli avu hEge toDagikonDive) embudannu tiLisu vudakkAgi avugaLondige vibhakti pratyayagaLannu illavE itara padagaLannu baLasabEkAguttade. udAharaNegAgi, keLage koTTiruva vAkyagaLannu gamanisabahudu. sambandhisive (19ka) rAju hariyannu dUDida. (19kha) rAjuvannu hari dUDida. (19ka-kha)vAkyagaLalli dUDu kriyApadadondige eraDu bEre bEre vyaktigaLannu sUcisuva rAju mattu hari emba ghaTakagaLu bandive. ivugaLalli ondannu (endare dUDuva vyaktiyannu sUcisuva ghaTaka vannu) yAva vibhakti pratyayavU illade hAgeyE baLasalAgide mattu innondannu (endare dUDalpaDuva vyaktiyannu sUcisuva ghaTakavannu) annu emba vibhakti pratyayadondige baLasalAgide.
dUDuva vyakti (19ka)dalli rAju ghaTaka mattu (19ka)dalli hari ghaTaka; hAgAgi iveraDU vibhakti pratyayavillade bandive. dUDalpaDuva vyakti (19ka)dalli hari ghaTaka mattu (19kha)dalli rAju ghaTaka; hAgAgi iveraDU annu pratyayadondige bandive. I rIti ghaTakagaLigU mattu kriyApadakkU naDuviruva sambandha
gaLannu sUcisuvudakkAgi kannaDadalli keLage koTTiruva nAlku vibhakti
pratyayagaLu baLakeyAguttave. bAdhita: annu (ghaTaneyinda bAdhitavAguva vyakti illavE vastu). suru: inda (ghaTane suruvAguva jAga). kone: ge (ghaTane konegoLLuva jAga). jAga: alli (ghaTaneya jAga). I nAlku vibhakti pratyayagaLa mukhya baLakegaLannu keLagina vAkya gaLalli kANabahudu. (20ka) avaru A huDuganannu dUDidaru. (20kha) avaru maneyinda horaTiddAre. (20ga) avaru manege talapiddAre. (20gha) avaru angaLadalli hADuttiddAre. I nAlku mukhya baLakegaLu mAtravallade bEreyU halavu baLakegaLu I pratyayagaLigiddu avu sandabhrakkanusAravAgi bEre bEre rItiya sambandhagaLannu sUcisaballuvu embudannu keLagina vAkyagaLalli kANabahudu. (21ka) manOharanige Aru mandi huDugiyariddAre. (21kha) rangaNNa koDaliyinda marada gellugaLannu kaDida. (21ka)dalli ge pratyaya manOharanigU mattu Aru mandi huDugi yarigU naDuviruva sambandhavannu sUcisuvudakkAgi baLakeyAgide mattu (21kha)dalli inda pratyaya kaDiyuva ghaTaneyalli toDagisa lAgiruva sAdhanavondannu sUcisalu baLakeyAgide. intaha heccina baLakegaLannella mEle sUcisiruva mukhya baLakegaLinda sAdhisalu sAdhyavide embudannu eraDanE adhyAyadalli nODaliruvevu.

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1.3.3 eraDu rItiya sambandhagaLu

vAkyada mukhya kriyApadakkU mattu adara ghaTakagaLigU naDuviruva sambandhavannu mEle sUcisida hAge vibhakti pratyayagaLa mUlaka tiLisalAguttade. intaha sambandhagaLu vAkyada arthakke sambandhisiveyAda kAraNa, avannu ‘artha’ sambandhagaLendu kareyabahudu. intaha sambandhagaLu mAtravallade, vAkyada ghaTakagaLigU mattu mAtina sannivESakkU naDuve kANisuvantaha bEre kelavu sambandhagaLU ive. udAharaNegAgi, ondu vAkyada mUlaka kELuganige tiLidiruvantaha ondu viShayada kuritAgi ADuga EnAdarondu suddiyannu tiLisuttira bahudu. kannaDadalli tiLidiruva amSavannu vAkyadalli modalu sUcisa lAguttade, mattu adakke sambandhisida suddiyannu anantara sUcisalAgu (22ka) rAjuvannu surESa karediddAne. (22kha) surESa rAjuvannu karediddAne. (22ka)dalli rAju ghaTaka modalu bandide, mattu (22kha)dalli surESa ghaTaka modalu bandide. I kAraNakkAgi (22ka)dalli ondu suddiyannu rAjuvina kuritAgi tiLisalAgide mattu (22kha)dalli surESana kuritAgi tiLisalAgide. intaha suddigaLallU yAvudAdarU ondu amSa uLiduvakkinta prAmukhyavAgiralu sAdhyavide. kannaDadalli sAmAnyavAgi kriyApadada eDakke baruva amSa uLida amSagaLiginta mukhyavAdudAgiruttade. udAharaNegAgi, keLage koTTiruva vAkyagaLalli nimma pustaka embudu (23ka)dallU mattu nanage embudu (23kha)dallU mukhya amSagaLAgi bandive. (23ka) avaLu nanage nimma pustaka koTTiddALe. (23kha) avaLu nimma pustakavannu nanage koTTiddALe. vAkyada ghaTakagaLigU mattu mAtina sannivESakkU naDuve kANisuva intaha sambandhagaLannu ‘vyavahAra’ sambandhagaLendu kareyabahudu. ivu gaLa kuritAgi heccina vivaragaLannu eraDaneya adhyAyada (2.7)nE vibhAgadalli kANabahudu.

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1.4 guNapadagaLa baLake

mEle vivarisida hAge, vAkyavondaralli adara mukhya angavAgi ondu kriyApadavannU mattu A kriyApada sUcisuva ghaTane illavE sangati yalli toDagiruva vyakti, vastu modalAduvannu sUcisuvudakkAgi bEre bEre rItiya ghaTakagaLannU baLasuvudu mAtravallade, ghaTaneya guNa dharmagaLannu sUcisuvudakkAgi kelavu guNapadagaLannU baLasalu sAdhya (24ka) avaru kaLLanige cannAgi hoDedaru. (24kha) A huDuga bencina mEle neTTage nintiddAne. (24ga) oleyalli nIru katakatane kudiyuttittu. (24gha) avanu gaDagaDa naDugida. (24ka)dalli cannAgi guNapada hoDedudu hEge embudannu tiLisuttade, mattu (24ga)dalli katakatane guNapada kudiyuvudu hEge embudannu tiLisuttade. ghaTaneya jAga mattu samayagaLannu sUcisuvudakkAgi ghaTakagaLannu baLasuva badalu guNapadagaLannu baLasalU sAdhyavide. (25ka) avanu nALe bengaLUrige hOguttAne. (25kha) avanannu alli yArU mAtanADisalilla. (25ka)dalli nALe guNapada hOguva ghaTaneya samayavannU mattu (25kha)dalli alli guNapada (pratinAma) mAtanADisadidda jAgavannU sUcisuttave. vAkyadalli kriyApadadondige baruva ghaTakagaLu mattu guNapadagaLu

• iveraDU heccu kaDime ondE rItiya kelasagaLannu naDesabEkAgide. hAgAgi, avugaLa naDuvina vyatyAsa aShTondu kaTTuniTTinadEnalla. ghaTaneya kuritAgi kriyApada tiLisadiruva kelavu sangatigaLannu, illavE ghaTaneya guNadharmagaLannu avu tiLisuttave. idallade vAkyada kone yalli baruva kriyArUpadalli kelavu pratyayagaLa mUlaka cuTukAgi tiLisiruva sangatigaLa kuritAgiyU ivu heccina vivaragaLannu odagisu ttave (guNapadagaLa kuritu heccina vivaragaLige Araneya adhyAyavannu nODabahudu).

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1.5 oLavAkyagaLa baLake

ghaTakagaLa tayArikeyalli padagaLannu mAtravallade iDI vAkyagaLannE baLasalU sAdhyavide. ivu nEravAgi ondu ghaTakada jAgadalli bara bahudu illavE ondu ghaTakada angavAgi barabahudu. I rItiyAgi bErondu vAkyada angavAgi baruva vAkyagaLannu ‘oLavAkya’gaLendu kareyabahudu. (26ka) avanu ellige hOgiddAnO gottilla. (26kha) rAju iruva Urinalli Iga bhArI maLe. (26ka)dalli avanu ellige hOgiddAne emba vAkya oLavAkyavAgi bandide mattu idakkAgi adakke O pratyayavannu sErisalAgide. idakke badalu (26kha)dalli rAju (ondu Urinalli) iddAne emba vAkya ondu ghaTakada angavAgi bandide mattu idakkAgi adakke a pratyayavannu sErisalAgide mattu adaralli bandiruva ondu Urinalli emba ghaTakavannu (adu horavAkyadallU baruva kAraNa) tegedu hAkalAgide. ondu vAkyavannu bErondu vAkyada ghaTakavannAgi illavE ghaTakada angavannAgi mADalu entaha vidhAnagaLannella baLasabahudu embudannu ELaneya adhyAyadalli vivarisalAgide. mattu Sharattu embudAgi

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1.6 vAkyagaLa jODaNe

I rIti ondu vAkyavannu innondu vAkyada angavannAgi mADuva badalu eraDu vAkyagaLannu jODisi hELalU sAdhyavide. hIge jODisi hELabEkAdalli avu sUcisuva ghaTane illavE sangatigaLa naDuve yAvu dAdarU ondu rItiya sambandhaviruvudu avaSya. mukhyavAgi kUDike, badali mUru rItiya sambandhagaLannu sUcisuvudakkAgi I rIti vAkyagaLeraDannu jODisi hELalAguttade. kUDikeya sambandhadalli vAkyagaLeraDu sUcisuva ghaTane illavE sangatigaLannu sErisi hELalAguttade. idakkAgi modalaneya vAkyada koneyalli mattu padavannu baLasabahudu illavE eraDara kone yallU U pratyayavannu baLasabahudu. idallade, modalaneya vAkyada koneyalli jODisuva kriyArUpavannu baLasuvudemba mUraneya vidhAnavU kannaDadalli baLakeyallide. (27ka) rAju manege hOda mattu snAna mADida. (27kha) rAju manegU hOda, snAnavannU mADida. (27ga) rAju manege hOgi snAna mADida. (27ka)dalli mattu padada mUlaka eraDu vAkyagaLannu jODisalAgide mattu (27kha)dalli eraDu vAkyagaLallU U pratyayavannu baLasuvudara mUlaka avannu jODisalAgide. (27ga)dalli modalaneya vAkyavannu adara kriyApadada hOgi emba jODisuva rUpada mUlaka eraDane yadarondige jODisalAgide. badali sambandhada mUlaka jODisiruva vAkyagaLalli averaDu sUcisuva ghaTane illavE sangatigaLalli ondu mAtra svIkxtavAga bEkendiruttade. idakkAgi modalaneya vAkyada koneyalli illavE emba padavannu baLasuva krama kannaDadallide. samskxtadinda eravalAgi banda athavA emba padavU intaha jODaNeyalli baLakeyallide. manege hOgiddAne, illavE allellO aDagiddAne. (28kha) avarigondu kucri koDi athavA illige barahELi. Sharattina sambandhadalli ondu vAkya sUcisuva ghaTane illavE sangati innondu vAkya sUcisuva ghaTane illavE sangatige Sharattu embudAgi tiLisalAguttade. idakkAgi modalaneya vAkyada koneyalli ondu viSiShTavAda kriyArUpada baLakeyAguttade. (29ka) rAju bEgane bandare namage manege hOgabahudu. (29kha) rAju bEgane bandiddare namage manege hOgabahudittu. vAkyagaLannu jODisuvudakkAgi mEle koTTiruva vidhAnagaLannu hEge baLasalAguttade embudannu enTaneya adhyAyadalli vivarisa

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1.7 kannaDada kelavu vaySiShTyagaLu

mEle sUcisiruva hAge, I pustakada eraDaneya adhyAyadinda hattaneya adhyAyada varegina bhAgadalli mukhyavAgi kannaDa vAkyagaLa racaneyentahadu embudannu vivarisalAgide. pustakada koneyalli baruva hannondaneya adhyAyadalli kannaDakkU mattu prapancada itara bhAShegaLigU naDuve vAkyaracaneyalli entaha vyatyAsagaLella ive embudannu svalpa cuTukAgi prastApisalAgide. vAkyagaLa oLaracaneyalli kannaDa bhAShe prapancada itara bhAShegaLinda halavu rItiyalli bhinnavAgide. kannaDakkU mattu jagattina itara bhAShe gaLigU naDuve kANisuva I vyatyAsagaLige mukhyavAgi eraDu kAraNa gaLive.
tamiLu, telugu, malayALa, tuLu modalAda itara drAviDa bhAShegaLigU mattu kannaDakkU naDuve kANisuva vyatyAsagaLige I ellA bhAShegaLU mUla drAviDa bhASheyondarinda pratyEkavAguttiruvante avugaLalli bEre bEre rItiya badalAvaNegaLu naDediruvudu kAraNa. hosa hosa mAtina sannivESagaLige hondikoLLuvudakkAgi bhAShegaLalli intaha badalAvaNegaLu naDeyuttiruvudu atyavaSya. ivugaLa mUlaka bhAShegaLu tamma jIvantikeyannu uLisikoLLuttave.
drAviDa bhAShAkuTumbakke sErade iruva jagattina itara bhAShegaLigU mattu kannaDakkU naDuve kANisuva vyatyAsagaLige prAmukhyavAgi A bhAShegaLu vAkyaracaneya niyamagaLannu bEre bEre mUla bhAShegaLinda paDediruvudE kAraNa. I pustakada koneya (hannondaneya) adhyAya dalli intaha kelavu vyatyAsagaLannu pariSIlisalAgide. ivu bhAShegaLu vikasanagoLLuva samayadalli edurAgidda samasyegaLige I mUla bhAShegaLu kanDukonDidda bEre bEre parihAragaLannu sUcisuttave.
kannaDakkU mattu prapancada itara bhAShegaLigU naDuve kANisuva I vyatyAsagaLu vAkyaracaneyalli kannaDada (mattu itara drAviDa bhAShegaLa) koDuge entahadu embudannu sUcisuttave. ivannu kannaDada vyAkaraNa sampattendu parigaNisabahudu. English → | ಕನ್ನಡ →

adhyAya eraDu — kriyAvAkyagaLa oLaracane

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2.1 pIThike

kannaDada kriyAvAkyagaLallella ondu kriyApada bandiddu, adu vAkyada mukhya angavAgiruttade. I kriyApada sAmAnyavAgi vAkyada kone yalli baruttade. udA: rAju kannaDakavannu ellA kaDeyallU huDukida. (1kha) sItAbAyi nALe Dillige hOguttALe. (1ga) Akege lATariyalli hattu lakShada bahumAna bantu. (1gha) huDugaru marakke hattidaru. mEle koTTiruva (1ka-gha) vAkyagaLella kriyAvAkyagaLAgiddu, avugaLa mukhya angagaLAgi huDuku, hOgu, baru mattu hattu emba kriyA padagaLu A vAkyagaLa koneyalli bandive. ivugaLondige I vAkyagaLalli bEre kelavu padagaLU bandiveyAdarU avu kriyApadadaShTu prAmukhya vAduvalla. I itara padagaLalli yAvudannu bEkiddarU sandabhra kkanusAravAgi baLasadiralu sAdhyavide. Adare kriyApadavannu A rIti baLasadiruvudu bahaLa aparUpa. rAju kannaDaka huDukida. (2kha) sItAbAyi nALe hOguttALe. (2ga) sItAbAyi Dellige hOguttALe. (2gha) Akege bahumAna bantu. (1ka) vAkyadalli jAgavannu sUcisalu bandiruva ellA kaDegaLallU embudannu baLasadiralu sAdhya embudannu (2ka)dalli kANabahudu. idE rItiyalli (1kha)dalli bandiruva nALe illavE Dellige emba pada gaLannu baLasadiralu sAdhya embudannu (2kha-ga) vAkyagaLalli kANa bahudu. Adare kriyApadavannu I rIti baLasalillavAdare A vAkyavinnU konegonDillavEnO endenisuttade, illavE adondu viShayavAkya vAgibiDuttade. (3ka) sItAbAyi nALe Dellige. (3kha) huDugaru maradalli. (3ka)dalli hOguttALe emba kriyApadavannu biDalAgide. Adare idu nijakkU ondu ghaTaneyannu tiLisuva kriyAvAkyavAgi kANisuva badalu sItAbAyiya kAryakramagaLannu sUcisuva paTTiya ondu angavAgi kANisuttade. (3kha)dalli kuLitiddAre emba kriyApada bidduhOgide endu hELuvudakkintalU iddAre emba bErondu kriyApada biddu hOgide (endare adondu viShayavAkya) endu hELuvudE sari yendu tOruttade (3.2.3 nODi).

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2.1.1 kriyApadada pratyayagaLu

intaha vAkyagaLalli baruva kriyApada I rIti ondu ghaTaneyannu tiLisuvudu mAtravallade, ADugana samayakke sambandhisidante A ghaTaneya samayavannU sUcisuttade, mattu A ghaTaneyalli nirata rAgiruva vyakti, vastu modalAdavugaLalli ondannU sUcisuttade. I eraDu kelasagaLannu naDesuvudakkAgi adarondige eraDu pratyayagaLu baruttave.
udAharaNegAgi, mEle koTTiruva (2ka) vAkyada huDukida emba kriyArUpadalli huDuku kriyApadadondige adu tiLisuva ghaTane yAvAga naDedudu (endare (2ka) vAkyavannu yAva samayadalli ADalAgittO adakkinta modalE A ghaTane naDedittu) embudannu tiLisalu adarondige id pratyaya bandide, mattu A ghaTaneyannu
naDesiruva vyakti yAru (obba ganDasu) embudannu tiLisalu a pratyaya (2kha) vAkyada hOguttALe emba kriyArUpadalli hOgu kriyApadadondige I id pratyayada badalu utta pratyaya bandiddu, adu A kriyApada tiLisuva ghaTane (2kha)nE vAkyavannADiruva samayakkinta anantara naDeyuvantahadu embudannu sUcisuttade, mattu adara anantara a pratyayada badalu ALe pratyaya bandiddu, adu A ghaTaneyannu naDesaliruva vyakti obba hengasu embudannu sUcisuttade.
idE viShayavannE kriyApadadondige baruva bEre pada illavE padakantegaLa mUlaka heccu vivaravAgi tiLisalu sAdhya embudannu munde nODaliruvevu. (udAharaNegAgi (2kha) vAkyadalli bandiruva nALe emba pada ghaTaneya samayavannU mattu sItAbAyi emba pada A ghaTaneyannu naDesaliruva vyaktiyannU heccu vivaravAgi paricayisuttave.) kriyApadagaLondige I rIti ghaTaneyalli toDagiruva vyakti illavE vastuvannu sUcisuvudakkAgi mattu ghaTaneya samayavannu sUcisuvu dakkAgi mAtravallade bEreyU kelavu kAryagaLannu sAdhisuvudakkAgi innU kelavu pratyayagaLannu baLasalu sAdhyavide. intaha pratyayagaLannu paDediruva kriyApadagaLa padarUpagaLa kuritAgi heccina vivaragaLannu munde aydanE adhyAyadalli koDalAguvudu.

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2.1.2 vAkyaghaTakagaLu mattu guNapadagaLu

mEle sUcisida hAge, kriyAvAkyagaLalli kriyApadadondige baruva pada illavE padakantegaLigella kriyAvAkyavu tiLisuva ghaTaneya viShayavAgi heccina vivaragaLannu odagisuva kelasavide. ivannu (ka) A ghaTaneyalli samaya vyakti, modalAdavugaLannu hesarisuva illavE varNisuva ‘ghaTaka’gaLu mattu (kha) A ghaTane yAvAga, elli mattu hEge naDedideyembudannu tiLisuva ‘guNapada’gaLu (illavE kriyAviSEShaNagaLu) embudAgi eraDu mukhya gumpugaLalli vingaDisalu sAdhyavide. toDagiruva vastu, SAmarAyara magaLu ninne purabhavanadalli purandaradAsara kItraneyondannu bahaLa sogasAgi hADidaLu. (4)nE vAkyadalli bandiruva SAmarAyara magaLu emba ghaTaka A vAkya tiLisuva ghaTaneyannu (hADuvudannu) naDesiruvudu yAru embudannu heccu spaShTavAgi tiLiyalu sAdhyavAguvante mADuttade; (idannE kriyApadada koneyalli bandiruva aLu pratyaya bahaLa cuTukAgi tiLisuttade); purabhavanadalli emba innondu pada A ghaTane naDedaddu elli embudannu tiLisuttade; mattu, purandara dAsara kItraneyondannu emba padakante hADiddu Enannu embudannu tiLisu ttade. I mUru padakantegaLu ghaTaneyalli toDagiruva vyakti, vastu modalAduvannu gurutisuva angagaLu. idallade, (4)nE vAkyadalli bEreyU kelavu padagaLu bandiddu avu A vAkyadalli kriyAviSEShaNagaLAgi baLakeyallive embudannu gamanisabahudu. ivugaLalli ninne embudu hADiruva samayavannu heccu spaShTavAgi tiLisuttave. (idannE kriyApadadondige bandiruva id pratyaya bahaLa cuTukAgi tiLisuttade); mattu bahaLa hAgU sogasAgi emba inneraDu padagaLu hADiruvudu hEge embudannu tiLisuttave.
ghaTakagaLu mattu kriyAviSEShaNagaLu (guNapadagaLu) embudAgi vAkyada angagaLannu mEle sUcisida hAge eraDu gumpugaLalli vingaDisalu sAdhyavideyAdarU avugaLoLage halavu sAmyagaLive embudannu nAvu mEle 1.3.3ralli nODiruvevu. avu eraDU kriyApadagaLu tiLisuva ghaTaneya kuritAgi heccina tiLuvaLikeyannu koDuva vAkyAngagaLAgiruvudE idakke kAraNa.
kriyApadadondige baraballa guNapadagaLa kuritAgi heccina vivara vannu munde AranE adhyAyadalli koDalAguvudu. kriyApadadondige baraballa ghaTakagaLu entahavu embudannu I adhyAyadalli vivarisa

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2.2 ghaTakagaLalli vayvidhya

vAkyavondaralli kriyApadadondige bEre bEre rItiya ghaTakagaLu baralu sAdhyaviddu, avu entahavu embudu A kriyApadavu sUcisuva ghaTaneya svarUpavannavalambiside. udAharaNegAgi, sAyu kriyApada dondige ‘sattavaru yAru (athavA yAvudu)’ embudannu tiLisuva ondu ghaTaka bandare sAku, Adare kollu kriyApadadondige ‘kondavaru yAru’ embudannu tiLisuva ghaTaka mAtravallade ‘kondaddu yArannu (athavA yAvudannu)’ embudannu tiLisuva innondu ghaTakavU baruva avaSyakateyide. (5ka) doDDa bekku sattide. (5kha) rAju doDDa bekkannu kondiddAne. idE rItiyalli araLu kriyApadadondige ‘araLuvudu (athavA araLiruvudu) yAvudu’ embudannu tiLisuva ondu ghaTaka bandare sAku, Adare eTaku kriyApadadondige ‘eTakuvudu yAvudu’ embudannu tiLisuva ghaTaka mAtravallade ‘eTakuvudu yArige’ embudannu tiLisuva ghaTakavU barabEkAguttade. gulAbi hU araLide. (6kha) gulAbi hU avaLige eTakuttade. eraDakkinta jAsti ghaTakagaLu barabEkAguva kriyApadagaLU kannaDa dalli kelavive. udAharaNegAgi koDu kriyApadadondige ‘koTTavaru yAru’, ‘koTTudu yArige’ mattu ‘koTTudu yAvudannu’ embudannu tiLisuva mUru ghaTakagaLannu baLasuva avaSyakateyide. idE rItiyalli hELu kriyApadadondige ‘hELiddu yAru’, ‘hELiddu Enu’ mattu ‘hELiddu yArige’ emba mUru kELvigaLige uttaragaLannu koDaballa ghaTakagaLannu baLasuva avaSyakateyide. rAju harige eraDu sAvira rupAyi koTTa. (7kha) ajji makkaLige ondu kate hELidaLu. I rIti kriyApadagaLu sUcisuva ghaTaneyannavalambisi baruva ghaTakagaLu mAtravallade bEreyU kelavu ghaTakagaLu vAkyadalli baralu sAdhyavide. ivu ellA rItiya kriyApadagaLigU samAnavAgiruvantaha ghaTakagaLu. avugaLa baruvike kriyApadada arthavannavalambisilla. udA haraNegAgi, mEle koTTiruva ellA vAkyagaLallU avu sUcisuva ghaTane ‘yAvAga naDeyitu (athavA naDeyuttade)’ mattu ‘elli naDeyitu (athavA naDeyuttade)’ embudannu tiLisuva ghaTakagaLeraDannu baLasalu sAdhyavide. rAjuvina angaLadalli mUru divasa hinde ondu gulAbi hU araLittu. rAju harige ivattu beLigge santeyalli eraDu sAvira I rIti ghaTaneya samaya mattu jAgagaLannu tiLisuva ghaTakagaLu mAtravallade, adara uddESa (8ka), adannu naDesuvalli baLasida sAdhana (8kha), sahAyakanAgidda vyakti (8ga), modalAda bEreyU kelavu viShayagaLannu tiLisuvudakkAgi heccina ghaTakagaLannu baLasalu sAdhyavide yembudannu keLagina vAkyagaLalli kANabahudu. (8ka) jAnaki rAtriya pUjege hU koyyuttiddALe. (8kha) Ata maNNininda ondu gombe mADida. rAju tanna tandeyondige pETege hOgiddAne. kriyApadagaLu sUcisuva ghaTaneyannu avalambisi baruva ghaTaka gaLannu vAkyada ‘mukhya ghaTaka’gaLendU mattu ghaTanege sambandhisiruva itara viShayagaLannu tiLisuvudakkAgi baruva ghaTakagaLannu ‘mukhyavallada ghaTaka’gaLendU kareyabahudu. I eraDu rItiya ghaTakagaLalli kriyA padagaLondige baruva mukhya ghaTakagaLa sankhye mattu svarUpagaLa nnAdharisi kriyApadagaLannu bEre bEre vagragaLAgi vingaDisalu sAdhyavide.

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2.2.1 mukhya ghaTakagaLu

kannaDada kriyAvAkyagaLannella AguvikegaLu mattu mADuvikegaLu embu dAgi eraDu mukhya vibhAgagaLalli vingaDisalu sAdhyavide. obba vyakti illavE prANiya hatOTiyalliruva ghaTanegaLu mADuvikegaLu mattu hAge hatOTiyallillada ghaTanegaLu AguvikegaLu. mADuvikegaLannu sUcisuva vAkyagaLallella avannu hatOTiyallirisikonDiruva ghaTaka vondu mukhya ghaTakavAgi bandiruttade. idannu ‘mADuga’ endu kareyabahudu.
Aguvikeyannu sUcisuva vAkyagaLalli I mADuga emba ghaTaka baruvudilla. Adare adakke badalAgi, ghaTaneya mUlaka yAvudAdarU ondu badalAvaNegoLagAguva ghaTaka baruttade. idannu ‘Aguga’ endu kareyabahudu.
(ka) Aguvikeyannu sUcisuva vAkyagaLu (9ka) bAgilu tereyitu. (9kha) baTTe oNagitu. (9gha) aramaneya Ane sAyuttide. rAju bidda. (kha) mADuvikeyannu sUcisuva vAkyagaLu (10ka) rAju ODida. (10kha) jAnaki hADidaLu. (10ga) cikka magu naguttide. (10gha) hakki hAritu. Aguvikeyannu sUcisuva (9ka-gha) vAkyagaLalli baruva bAgilu, baTTe, rAju mattu aramaneya Ane emba ghaTakagaLige (AgugagaLige) A vAkyagaLu sUcisuva tere, oNagu, bILu mattu sAyu emba ghaTanegaLa mEle hatOTiyilla; Adare mADuvikeyannu sUcisuva (10ka-gha) vAkyagaLalli baruva rAju, jAnaki, cikka magu mattu hakki emba ghaTakagaLige (mADugagaLige) A vAkyagaLu sUcisuva ODu, hADu, nagu mattu hAru emba ghaTanegaLa mEle hatOTiyide embudannu gamanisabahudu.
idallade Aguvikeyannu sUcisuva vAkyagaLu EnAyitu? embantaha Agu kriyApadaviruva praSnegaLige uttaravAgi baraballuvu sUcisuva vAkyagaLu Enu mADida? mattu mADuvikeyannu embantaha mADu kriyApadaviruva praSnegaLige uttaravAgi baraballuvu embudannU gamanisabahudu. mADuvikeyannu sUcisuva vAkyagaLalli ‘mADuga’ ghaTaka mAtra vallade, bErondu Aguga ghaTakavU baralu sAdhyavide. intaha mADu vikeyannu sUcisuva vAkyagaLa mUladalli ondu AguvikeyU sEri konDiruvudE idakke kAraNa.
(11ka) bekku sattide. (11kha) nAyi bekkannu kondide. (12ka) marada gellu baggitu. (12kha) rAju marada gellannu baggisiddAne. (11ka) vAkyadalli sAyu kriyApada bandiddu adu ondu Aguvike yannu sUcisuttade mattu adaralli bekku emba Aguga ghaTaka mAtra bandide. idakke badalu (11kha) vAkyadalli kollu kriyApada bandiddu adu ondu mADuvikeyannu sUcisuttade mattu adaralli nAyi emba ondu mADuga ghaTaka mAtravallade bekku emba ondu Aguga ghaTakavU bandide. I (11kha) vAkya adara mUladalli (11ka) vAkyavannu oLagonDide embudannu gamanisabahudu. (12ka-kha)dallU hIgeyE. kannaDadalli mADuga mattu ADugagaLemba eraDu ghaTakagaLU ondE vAkyadalli bandAga avugaLalli ondannu innondarinda pratyEkisuvu dakkAgi Agugadondige annu emba vibhakti pratyayavannu baLasuva kramavide (2.6 nODi).
Aguvikeyannu sUcisuva vAkyadalli ‘Aguga’ ghaTakadondige kriyA padavu sUcisuva ghaTane elli naDeyitu, yAva kaDeyinda naDeyitu mattu yAva kaDegAgi naDeyitu embudAgi mUru rItiya jAga gaLannu sUcisuvudakkAgi ‘jAga’, ‘suru’ mattu ‘kone’ emba ghaTakagaLu bandiralu sAdhyavide. I mUru ghaTakagaLu sUcisuva jAgagaLa naDuviruva vyatyAsagaLannu munde (2.4.4ralli) vivarisalAguvudu. (13ka) mAvina maradalli hU biTTide. (13kha) aTTadinda ondu hagga nEluttide. (13ga) hAgala baLLi mADige habbide. mADuvikeyannu sUcisuva vAkyagaLallU mADuga ghaTakadondige I mUru rItiya jAgagaLannu sUcisuva ghaTakagaLu bandiralu sAdhyavide, mattu ivugaLondige bErondu Aguga ghaTakavU bandiralu sAdhyavide. I eraDu rItiya sAdhyategaLannu (14ka-ga) mattu (15ka- ga) vAkyagaLalli kANabahudu. (14ka) puTTa magu kucriyalli kuLitide. (14kha) rAju maradinda iLida. (14ga) jAnaki aTTakke hattidaLu. (15ka) rAju haNavannu kapATinalli irisiddAne. (15kha) magu plETininda jEnannella nekkitu. (15ga) sItAbAyi akkibuTTige segaNi ujjuttiddALe. (14ka-ga) vAkyagaLalli mADugadondige mUru rItiya jAgagaLannu sUcisuva ghaTakagaLu bandiruvudannu gamanisabahudu. (15ka-ga) vAkya gaLalli mADugadondige ondu AgugavU bandiddu, ivugaLondigU mUru rItiya jAgagaLannu sUcisuva ghaTakagaLannu baLasalAgide. ‘prEraka’ emba hesarina Araneya ghaTakavu sAmAnyavAgi kriyApada dondige isu emba pratyayavannu baLasiruvantaha vAkyagaLalli mAtravE kANisikoLLuttade.
(16ka) rAju bAgilu tereda. (16kha) jAnaki rAjuvina kayyalli bAgilu teresidaLu. (17ka) saynikaru sereyALugaLannella kondaru. (17kha) vIrasEna saynikara mUlaka sereyALugaLannella kollisida. (16kha)dalli jAnaki padavU mattu (17kha)dalli vIrasEna padavU ‘prEraka’ ghaTakavannu sUcisuttive. I ghaTakavU mADuga ghaTakada hAge tanna bayakeyante kelasa naDesuttade, mattu A kelasavannu tanna hatOTi yallirisikonDiruttade. Adare, mADuga ghaTakada hAge prErakavu tAnE A kelasavannu mADuva badalu bErobba vyakti illavE prANiya mUlaka adannu mADisikoLLuttade. ghaTaneya jAgavannu sUcisuva ghaTakagaLu mAtravallade, mEle (2.1.2)ralli sUcisiruva hAge kelavu sandabhragaLalli samayavannu sUcisuva ghaTakagaLU vAkyada ondu mukhya ghaTakavAgi kANisikoLLa balluvu.

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2.2.2 mukhyavallada ghaTakagaLu

mEle vivarisida Aru mukhya ghaTakagaLu mAtravallade kriyAvAkyagaLalli kriyApadadondige kelavu mukhyavallada ghaTakagaLU baraballuvu. ivu ellA rItiya vAkyagaLallU baraballuvAgiddu, avugaLa baLake kriyA padada arthavannu avalambisiruvudilla. udAharaNegAgi ellA rItiya kriyApadagaLondigU avugaLa jAga mattu samayagaLannu sUcisuva mukhyavallada ghaTakagaLannu baLasalu sAdhyavide. (18ka) gavDaru tamma tOTadalli I vaShra hatti beLediddAre. (18kha) Ata dEvasthAnada kereyalli mIyuttiddAne. (18ga) rAju klAsinalli ondu kAdambari Oduttidda. (18ka)dalli mADuga ghaTakavAgiruva gavDaru mattu Aguga ghaTaka vAgiruva hatti embiveraDu mAtra mukhya ghaTakagaLu. jAgavannu sUcisuva tamma tOTadalli embudu mattu samayavannu sUcisuva I vaShra embudu iveraDU mukhyavallada ghaTakagaLu. yAkendare beLe emba kriyApada sUcisuva ghaTanege Aguga mattu mADuga ghaTakagaLu mAtra nEravAgi sambandhisiruttave. I rItiyAgi, ghaTane naDeda illavE naDeyaliruva jAga mattu samayagaLu mAtravallade, adu yAva kAraNadinda naDeyitu mattu yAva uddESavannu sAdhisuvudakkAgi naDeyitu, adakkAgi baLasida upakaraNa yAvudu mattu adannu naDesida Sakti yAvudu, adannu naDesuvalli mADuga illavE Aguganondige jotegAranobbaniddalli Ata yAru, mADuga illavE agugavannu hOluvantaha ‘hOluga’ yAru ityAdigaLannu sUcisuva ghaTakagaLu mukhyavallada ghaTakagaLAgi vAkyagaLalli baraballuvu. intaha mukhyavallada kelavu ghaTakagaLa baLakeyannu keLagina vAkyagaLalli kANabahudu.
(19ka) jOrAgi maLe banda kAraNa mEShTu SAlege baralilla. (19kha) rAtriya pUjege Ake hU koyyuttiddALe. (19ga) Ata kategaLannu kempu SAyiyalli bareyuttiddAne. (19gha) bisilige happaLa oNagitu. (19Ga) Ake koDadondige tambigeyallU nIru tumbisiddALe. (19ca) rAjuvinante jAnakigU kAlige peTTAgide. (19cha) magaLa maduvegAgi Ata hattu sAvira sangrahisiddAne. baru kriyApadadondige mukhya ghaTakavAgi ondu mADuga ghaTaka mattu ondu suru illavE kone ghaTaka bandare sAku. Adare (19ka)dalli iveraDarondige ghaTane naDedudakke kAraNavEnembudannu tiLisuva maLe banda kAraNa emba mUraneya mukhyavallada ghaTakavU idE rItiyalli (19kha)dalli bandiruva rAtriya pUjege emba ghaTaka, (19ga)dalli bandiruva kempu SAyiyalli emba ghaTaka, (19gha)dalli bandiruva bisilige emba ghaTaka, (19Ga)dalli bandiruva koDadondige emba ghaTaka, (19ca)dalli bandiruva rAjuvinante emba ghaTaka, mattu (19cha)dalli bandiruva magaLa maduvegAgi emba ghaTaka ivellavU mukhyavallada ghaTakagaLu.

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2.3 ghaTakagaLa naDuvina vyatyAsagaLu

Aguga, mADuga, jAga, suru, kone, samaya mattu prErakagaLemba I ELu mukhya ghaTakagaLu yAva rItiyalli ondakkinta ondu bhinnavAgive embudannu svalpa vivaravAgi keLage pariSIlisalAgide.

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2.3.1 Aguga mattu mADuga

ondu ghaTaneya mUlaka bEre bEre badalAvaNegaLige oLagAguva vyakti, vastu, viShaya modalAduvannu ‘Aguga’ ghaTaka sUcisuttade. Adare intaha badalAvaNegaLAvuvU I ghaTakada hatOTiyalliruvudilla. ondu ghaTaneyindAgi adu I rIti badalAvaNegaLigoLagAguttiruva badalu hosadAgi huTTikoLLuttirabahudu illavE tayArAguttira bahudu. (20ka) rangarAyaru tamma bAviyannu muccisidaru. (20kha) rangarAyaru ondu maneyannu kaTTisidaru. (20ka) vAkyadalli AgugavAgi bandiruva tamma bAvi emba ghaTaka A vAkyavu sUcisuva ghaTaneyinda badalAvaNegoLagAgide (adu illa vAgide), Adare (20kha)dalli AgugavAgi bandiruva ondu mane emba ghaTaka A vAkyavu sUcisuva ghaTaneyinda hosadAgi tayArAgide embudannu gamanisabahudu. ‘mADuga’ ghaTakavU Agugada hAgeyE kriyApadavu sUcisuva ghaTaneyinda badalAvaNegoLagAguttiralu sAdhyavide. Adare antaha badalAvaNe mADuga ghaTakada hatOTiyalliruttadeyembudE Aguga ghaTakakkU mattu mADuga ghaTakakkU naDuviruva mukhya vyatyAsa. (21ka) rAju manege ODida. (21kha) rAju mahaDiyinda keLage bidda. rAju embudu (21ka)dalli mADuga ghaTakavAgiyU mattu (21kha) dalli Aguga ghaTakavAgiyU bandiruvudannu gamanisabahudu. (21ka) sUcisuva ghaTane rAjuvina hatOTiyallide, Adare (21kha) sUcisuva ghaTane Atana hatOTiyallilla. ondu ghaTaneyannu hatOTiyallirisikoLLalu sAdhyavilladantaha mane, mara modalAduvannU kelavomme mADuga ghaTakavAgi vAkya gaLalli baLasalu sAdhyaviddu, hAge mADidAga avakke ghaTaneyondannu hatOTiyallirisikoLLuva Sakti bandiruva hAge kANisuttade. (22ka) A bhUtada mane Aru janarannu bali tegedukonDide.
(22kha) A Aladamara nUrAru hakkigaLige ASraya nIDide. (22ga) Atana hADuvike marada mElidda kAgeyannu bedarisitu.

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2.3.2 jAga, suru mattu kone

jAga, suru mattu kone emba I mUru ghaTakagaLU mukhyavAgi ghaTanege sambandhisiruva jAgavannu sUcisuva ghaTakagaLu. ivugaLalli jAga ghaTakavu ondu jAgadalli naDeyuva ghaTaneyannu sUcisuvu dAdare, suru ghaTakavu ondu jAgavannu ‘biTTu’ hOguvantaha ghaTaneyannU mattu kone ghaTakavu ondu jAgada ‘kaDegAgi’ naDeyuva ghaTaneyannU sUcisuttave. I mUru rItiya ghaTakagaLa naDuviruva I vyatyAsavannu keLagina vAkyagaLalli kANabahudu. (23ka) rAju tanna pustakavannu kapATinalli irisida. (23kha) rAju kapATininda ondu ilimariyannu tegeda. (23ga) sItAbAyi akkibuTTige segaNi ujjidaLu. (23ka)dalli irisu kriyApada bandiddu idu ondu jAgadalli naDeyuva ghaTaneyannu sUcisuvudAda kAraNa adarondige jAgavannu sUcisuva kapATinalli ghaTaka bandide. idakke badalu (23kha)dalli tege kriyApada bandiddu, idu ondu jAgavannu biTTu hOguva ghaTane yannu sUcisuvudAda kAraNa adarondige kapATininda emba suru ghaTaka bandide. (23ga)dalli ujju kriyApada bandiddu adu ondu jAgada kaDegAgi naDeyuva ghaTaneyannu sUcisuvudAda kAraNa adarondige akkibuTTige emba kone ghaTaka bandide. kelavu kriyApadagaLannu I mUru rItiya ghaTakagaLondigU baLasalu sAdhyaviddu avu tammondige bandiruva ghaTakada svarUpa vannAdharisi ondE ghaTaneya bEre bEre amSagaLige ottu koDaballuvu. (24ka) makkaLella TerEsinalli ODuttiddAre. (24kha) makkaLella TerEsininda ODuttiddAre. (24ga) makkaLella TerEsige ODuttiddAre. mElina mUru vAkyagaLallU ODu emba ondE kriyApada bandide. Adare (24ka)dalli adu TerEsinalli emba jAga ghaTakadondige bandiruva kAraNa ODuva ghaTane ondu jAgadalli naDeyuttiruvudannU, (24kha)dalli TerEsige emba suru ghaTakadondige bandiruva kAraNa adE ghaTane ondu jAgavannu biTTu naDeyuttiruvudannU mattu (24ga)dalli TerEsige emba kone ghaTakadondige bandiruva kAraNa adE ghaTane ondu jAgada kaDegAgi naDeyuttiruvudannU sUcisuttade.

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2.3.3 suru mattu kone ghaTakagaLa heccina baLakegaLu

suru mattu kone ghaTakagaLu nEravAgi obba vyaktiya illavE ondu vastuvina kadaluvikege sambandhisiruva jAgagaLannu sUcisuva badalu ondu anubhavada ‘kadaluvike’yannU sUcisaballuvu.
(25ka) jAnaki tanna tAyiyinda ondu hADu kalitaLu. (25kha) jAnakige avaLa tAyi ondu hADu kalisidaLu. kali kriyApada suru ghaTakadondigU mattu kalisu kriyApada kone ghaTakadondigU baraballudu embudannu (25ka-kha) vAkyagaLinda tiLiyabahudu. Adare illi nijakkU ondu vastuvina kadaluvike naDedilla. jAnaki tannallillada anubhavavondannu paDediddu adakke mUla avaLa tAyi embudAgi kadaluvikege sambandhisida ghaTakagaLu illi avugaLa heccina arthadalli baLakeyAgive. intaha heccina arthagaLalli suru ghaTakakkintalU kone ghaTakada baLake kannaDadalli heccu rUDhiyallide. I viShayavannu keLagina udA haraNegaLu spaShTapaDisuttave. (26ka) ajja makkaLigondu kate hELida. (26kha) narige drAkShe haNNu eTakitu. (26ga) avaLige kOpa bandide. (26gha) avanige dikku tappitu. kone ghaTakavannu (26ka)dalli ‘ajja hELida kate yArannu talapide’ embudannu sUcisuvudakkAyU, (26kha)dalli ‘drAkShe haNNu eTakuva’ anubhava yArigAyitu embudannu tiLisuvudakkAgiyU, (26ga)dalli ‘kOpa baruva’ anubhava yArigAyitu embudannu tiLisuvudakkAgiyU mattu (26gha)dalli ‘dikku tappuva’ anubhava yArigAyitu embudannu tiLisuvudakkAgiyU baLasalAgide. viShayavAkyagaLalli ondu guNadharmada iruvikeyannu sUcisuvu dakkAgiyU kone ghaTakavannu baLasalu sAdhyavide embudannu munde 3.4ralli nODaliruvevu.

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2.4 kriyApadagaLa vibhajane

kriyApadagaLondige baruva mukhya ghaTakagaLa sankhye mattu svarUpa iveraDU avugaLa arthavannavalambiside. udAharaNegAgi, heccina kriyApadagaLigU isu pratyayavannu sErisi, ‘avu sUcisuva ghaTane innobba vyaktiya prEraNeyinda naDedide’ embantaha heccina arthavannu kriyApadagaLige sErisalu sAdhyavide. I rIti heccina arthaviruva kriyApadagaLondige sAmAnyavAgi ondu heccina mukhya ghaTakavU bandiruttade.
(27ka) nIru kudiyitu. (27kha) jAnaki nIru kudisidaLu. (28ka) namma Urige obba mAntrika bandidda. (28kha) namma Urige paTElaru obba mAntrikanannu barisiddaru. (27ka)dalli kudi kriyApadadondige kudiyuva vastuvannu sUcisuva nIru emba Aguga ghaTaka mAtra bandide. Adare (27kha)dalli I kriyApadakke isu pratyayavannu sErisi tayArisida kudisu kriyApada bandideyAda kAraNa adarondige jAnaki emba heccina ghaTakavannu baLasabEkAgide. idu kudiyuva ghaTanege mADuganobbanannu sErisu (28ka)dalli baru kriyApadadondige mADuga mattu jAgagaLu bandive, Adare (28kha)dalli I kriyApadakke isu pratyayavannu sErisideyAda kAraNa adarondige mADuga mattu jAgagaLu mAtra vallade ondu ‘prEraka’vU bandide. I rIti kriyApadagaLondige baruva mukhya ghaTakagaLa sankhye mattu svarUpa iveraDU avugaLa arthavannavalambisiveyAda kAraNa, kriyA padagaLannu avugaLondige baraballa mukhya ghaTakagaLa AdhArada mEle bEre bEre vagragaLalli vingaDisalu sAdhyavide.

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2.4.1 ghaTakavillade baruva kriyApadagaLu

kannaDada heccina kriyApadagaLigU kaDimeyendare ondAdarU mukhya ghaTakada avaSyakateyiruttade. idakke apavAdavAgi guDugu, mincu embantaha kelavE kelavu kriyApadagaLu mAtra yAva mukhya ghaTakavU illade baraballuvu. udA: (29ka) ninne jOru mincuttittu. (29kha) jOru guDuguttA ide. mEle (29ka) vAkyadalli mincu kriyApadondige ninne mattu jOru emba eraDu mAtra bandiveyallade guNapadagaLu ghaTakagaLAvuvU bandilla. (29kha)dalli guDugu kriyApadadondige jOru guNapada mAtra bandide. Adare intaha kriyApadagaLondige avugaLige sambandhisiruva guDugu, mincu embantaha nAmapadagaLannu Aguga ghaTakagaLAgi baLasalu sAdhyavideyAda kAraNa (30ka-kha nODi), avannU mElina niyamakke apavAdagaLendu tiLiyabEkAgilla. idallade, intaha kriyA padagaLondige sAmAnyavAgi avu sUcisuva ghaTaneya samaya illavE jAgavannu sUcisuva ghaTakagaLU baruttiddu (31ka-kha nODi), I ghaTakagaLu heccu kaDime avugaLa mukhya ghaTakagaLa hAgeyE vatrisu ttave. (30ka) guDugu guDugitu. (30kha) mincu mincitu. (31ka) A Uralli dinAlU beLigge Aru ganTege guDuguttittu. (31kha) A kaDe jOrAgi mincuttide.

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2.4.2 ghaTaneya hatOTi

mEle sUcisiruvante, kannaDada kriyApadagaLannu avu tiLisuva ghaTane hatOTiyalliruvantahadO athavA allavO emba viShayada mEle eraDu mukhya vibhAgagaLalli vingaDisalu sAdhyavide. hatOTiyallillada ghaTaneyannu sUcisuva kriyApadagaLu Aguga ghaTakadondige baruttave yAdare hatOTiyalliruva ghaTaneyannu sUcisuva kriyApadagaLu mADuga ghaTakadondige baruttave. udAharaNegAgi, kudi, bEyu, oNagu, sAyu, araLu modalAda kriyApadagaLu hatOTiyallilladiruva ghaTanegaLannu sUcisu ttiddu, avugaLondige ondu Aguga ghaTaka mAtra mukhya ghaTakavAgi baraballudu, mattu ODu, aLu, malagu, hAru, kuNi modalAda kriyApadagaLu hatOTiyalliruva ghaTanegaLannu sUcisuttiddu avuga Londige ondu mADuga ghaTaka mAtra mukhya ghaTakavAgi baraballudu.
(32ka) gulAbi hU araLide. (32kha) baTTe oNagitu. (32ga) rAjuvina kappu nAyi sattide. (33ka) rAju ODida. (33kha) magu aLuttide. (33ga) avaLu kuNidaLu. hatOTiyalliruva ghaTaneyannu sUcisuva kriyApadagaLalli kelavu ondu mADuga ghaTaka mAtravallade adarondige ondu Aguga ghaTaka vannU paDediralu sAdhyavide. udAharaNegAgi, mADu, eLe, kare, taTTu, neDu, tinnu modalAda kriyApadagaLu hatOTiyalliruva ghaTanegaLannu sUcisuttiddu, avugaLondige mukhya ghaTakavAgi ondu mADuga ghaTaka mAtravallade ondu Aguga ghaTakavU baraballudu.
(34ka) rAju ondu gombe mADida. (34kha) Ane ondu maravannu eLeyuttide. (34ga) avanu ondu giDa naTTiddAne. idallade, mEle vivarisiruva mUru rItiya kriyApadagaLallU kelavu jAga, suru illavE kone emba ghaTakagaLannu paDeyaballuvu. udAharaNegAgi, karagu, tElu, tumbu, tuLuku, ingu modalAda kriyApadagaLu hatOTiyallillada ghaTanegaLannu sUcisuttiddu avuga Londige mukhya ghaTakavAgi ondu Aguga ghaTaka mAtravallade ondu jAga ghaTakavU baraballudu. (35ka) I hAlina puDi bisinIrinallU karaguttade. (35kha) nIrinalli kasa tEluttide. (35ga) koDadalli nIru tumbitu. idE rItiyalli, hatOTiyalliruva ghaTanegaLannu sUcisuva tangu, nelesu, aDagu, ale, toDagu modalAda kriyApada gaLondige ondu mADuga ghaTaka mAtravallade ondu jAga ghaTakavU mukhya ghaTakavAgi baraballudu. (36ka) kaLLaru ondu guheyalli aDagiddaru. (36kha) huDugaru bahaLa hottu kADinalli aleyuttiddaru. (36ga) avaru I Urinalli nelesiddAre. cellu, bittu, irisu, tumbu modalAda hatOTiyalliruva ghaTanegaLannu sUcisuva kriyApadagaLondige mADuga, Aguga mattu jAgagaLemba mUru rItiya ghaTakagaLU mukhya ghaTakagaLAgi bara balluvu. (37ka) makkaLu I kONeyalli nIru celliddAre. (37kha) rAju tanna cIlavannu kapATinalli irisiddAne. (37ga) Ake sihinIrannu I koDadalli tumbiddALe. jAga ghaTakada badalu suru illavE kone ghaTakavannu mukhya ghaTakavAgi paDediruva mEle sUcisidantaha mUru rItiya kriyApada gaLige udAharaNegaLannu keLage koDalAgide. (38ka) aTTadinda ondu hagga nEluttide. (38kha) avana beraLige ondu muLLu cuccitu. (39ka) avanu illinda tolagali. (39kha) rAju harige hoDeda. (40ka) Ata bAviyinda nIru sEduttiddAne. (40kha) Ake gAyakke mulAmu haccuttiddALe. Agugadondige (38ka)dalli suru ghaTaka bandideyAdare, (38kha)dalli kone ghaTaka bandide. idE rItiyalli mADugadondige (39ka)dalli suru ghaTakavU mattu (39kha)dalli kone ghaTakavU bandiruvudannu kANabahudu. Aguga mattu mADugagaLeraDarondige suru mattu kone ghaTakagaLannu paDediruva kriyApadagaLige udAharaNegaLannu (40ka- kha)gaLalli kANabahudu.

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2.4.3 Agu kriyApadada ghaTakagaLu

ghaTakagaLa maTTige hatOTiyallillada ghaTaneyannu sUcisuva Agu kriyApada antaha itara kriyApadagaLiginta kelavu viShayagaLalli bhinna vAgide. modalaneyadAgi, adarondige eraDu ghaTakagaLu baralu sAdhyaviddu, avugaLalli ondu jAgavannU mattu innondu A jAgadalli naDediruva ghaTane, kANisuva vastu modalAduvannU sUcisuttave. (41ka) Atana kAlinalli huNNAgide. (41kha) Ake neTTa giDadalli hUvAgide. (41ga) avara maneyalli EnO galATeyAguttide. eraDaneyadAgi, I kriyApadadondige baruva ghaTakagaLeraDU ondE vyakti illavE vastuvannu gurutisalu sAdhyaviddu, avu A vyakti illavE vastuvige eraDu bEre bEre samayagaLalliruva avasthegaLannu sUcisaballuvu. Agu kriyApada I eraDu avasthegaLannu sambandhisuva ghaTaneyannu sUcisuttade. (42ka) rAju haNavantanAda. (42kha) rAjakumAra kappeyAda. (42ga) avaru adhyakSharAguttAre. (42gha) avana tOLu Akeya taledimbAgide. (42ka)dalli bandiruva rAju mattu haNavanta emba eraDu ghaTakagaLU obbanE vyaktiyannu gurutisuttive embudannu gamanisabahudu. idE rItiyalli (42kha)dalli bandiruva rAjakumAra mattu kappe emba eraDu ghaTakagaLU obbanE vyaktiyannu gurutisuttiddu, avu A vyaktiya eraDu avasthegaLannu sUcisuttive. Agu kriyApadadondige baruva ghaTakagaLeraDU I rIti ondE vyakti illavE vastuvannu gurutisuvudiddalli avu ondE vibhakti rUpadalli baLakeyAguttave. intaha vAkyagaLannu mADu kriyA padaviruva bErondu vAkyada oLagirisi hELidAga I viShaya innaShTu spaShTavAguttade.
(43ka) rAjakumAra kappeyAda. (43kha) mantravAdi rAjakumAranannu kappeyannAgi mADida. (43ga) avanu SrImantanAda.
(43gha) avanannu SrImantanannAgi mADiddu avana buddhivantike. (43ka)dalli bandiruva rAjakumAra mattu kappe emba eraDu ghaTakagaLU ondE vibhaktiyalli baruvuvemba viShaya A vAkyavannu oLavAkyavAgi paDediruva (43kha) vAkyadalli spaShTavAgi kANisuttade.

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2.4.4 kadaluva mattu kadalada ghaTanegaLu

jAgavondannu sUcisabEkAgiruva kriyApadagaLannu kadaluva ghaTane gaLannu sUcisuvavugaLu mattu kadalada ghaTanegaLannu sUcisuvavugaLu
embudAgi eraDu mukhya vibhAgagaLalli vingaDisalu sAdhyavide. ivu gaLalli kadalada ghaTanegaLannu sUcisuva kriyApadagaLondige jAga ghaTaka baraballudAdare kadaluva ghaTanegaLannu sUcisuva kriyApadagaLondige suru illavE kone ghaTakagaLu (athavA averaDU oTTAgi) baraballuvu.
kadaluva ghaTanegaLallella yAvudAdarU ondu jAgadinda illavE ondu jAgada kaDegAgi naDeyuva calane nEravAgi illavE sUkShmavAgi sUcitavAgiruttade. I calane suruvAguvudelli embudannu suru ghaTakavU mattu adu konegoLLuvudelli embudannu kone ghaTakavU tiLisuttave. kelavu kriyApadagaLondige I eraDu rItiya ghaTakagaLalli ondu mAtra baraballudu, Adare bEre kelavu rItiya kriyApada gaLondige iveraDU oTTAgi baraballuvu. (44ka) jAnaki akkiyinda kallu hekkuttiddALe. (44kha) sItAbAyi akkibuTTige segaNi ujjuttiddALe. (44ga) svAmigaLa savAri puNeyinda bombAyige hOgide. (44ka)dalli bandiruva hekku kriyApada ondu jAgadinda naDeyuva calaneyannu sUcisuvudAda kAraNa adarondige akkiyinda emba suru ghaTaka bandide. idakke badalu (44kha)dalli bandiruva ujju kriyApada ondu jAgada kaDegAgi naDeyuva calaneyannu sUcisuvu dAda kAraNa adarondige akki buTTige emba ‘kone’ ghaTaka bandide.
(44ga)dalli bandiruva hOgu kriyApada intaha eraDu rItiya calanegaLannU (endare ondu jAgadinda naDeyuva calaneyannu mattu innondu jAgada kaDegAgi naDeyuva calaneyannu) sUcisuvudAda kAraNa adarondige puNeyinda emba suru ghaTaka mAtravallade bombAyige emba kone ghaTakavU bandide.
kadalada ghaTanegaLalli I rIti calaneya arthaviruvudilla. hAgAgi antaha ghaTanegaLannu sUcisuva kriyApadagaLondige avu sUcisuva ghaTane elli naDeyuttade embudannu tiLisuva jAga ghaTaka mAtravE baraballudu. (45ka) rAju haNavannu kapATinalli irisiddAne. (45kha) darODekOraru haNavannu kADinalli aDagisiddAre. (45ga) mudukiya Sava bAviyalli tEluttide.

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2.5 vibhajaneya samasyegaLu

I rIti kriyApadagaLondige entaha ghaTakagaLu mattu eShTu ghaTakagaLu mukhya ghaTakagaLAgi baruttave emba viShayada AdhArada mEle avannu bEre bEre gumpugaLalli vingaDisi hELuvalli ondu mukhyavAda tondareyide. adEnendare, kannaDadalli baLakeyAguva halavu kriyApada gaLu intaha yAvudAdarU ondu gumpinalli mAtravE uLiyuva badalu eraDu athavA jAsti gumpugaLalli baruttave, mattu avu yAva gumpinalli baruttave embudara mEle avugaLa arthadallU vyatyAsa kanDubaruttade.

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2.5.1 hatOTiya sUcane

ondu ghaTaneyannu varNisuva samayadalli adu naDedideyendiShTE hELabahudu illavE adu obba vyakti illavE prANiya hatOTiyalli naDedideyendu sUcisabahudu. heccina kriyApadagaLannU I eraDaneya arthadalli baLasabEkiddalli avakke isu pratyayavannu sErisabEkAguttade. keLage (ka) vAkyagaLalli hatOTiyallillada ghaTanegaLannU mattu (kha) vAkyagaLalli hatOTiyalliruvavugaLannU sUcisalAgide (46ka) nIru kudiyitu. (46kha) jAnaki nIru kudisidaLu. (47ka) nIru mugiyitu. (47kha) jAnaki nIru mugisidaLu. Adare oDe, beLe, kadaDu, magucu, sigi, muri, hari, Eru modalAda kelavu kriyApadagaLannu avugaLalli yAva badalAvaNeyannU mADade hAgeyE mEle sUcisida eraDu sandabhragaLallU baLasalu sAdhyavide.
(48ka) koDa oDeyitu. (48kha) sItAbAyi koDa oDedaLu. (49ka) gellu muriyitu. (49kha) rAju gellu murida. (48ka) vAkyadalli oDe kriyApada ondu hatOTiyallillada ghaTane yannu sUcisuttideyAdare, (48kha) vAkyadalli adE kriyApada ondu hatOTiyalliruva ghaTaneyannu sUcisuttide. (48ka)dalli I kriyA padadondige ondu Aguga ghaTaka (koDa) mAtra bandide, Adare (48kha)dalli adarondige I Aguga ghaTaka mAtravallade ondu mADuga ghaTakavU (sItAbAyi embudU) bandide. (49ka-kha) vAkya gaLallU hIgeyE.
turisu, meccu, oppu, tappu, hOgu, mare modalAda bEre kelavu kriyApadagaLU mElinavugaLa hAgeyE hatOTiyalliruva illavE hatOTiyalli illadiruva ghaTanegaLannu yAva pratyayada sahAyavilladeyU sUcisaballuvu. Adare I kriyApadagaLu tiLisuva ghaTane hatOTiyallilla embudannu sUcisabEkiddalli, antaha ghaTane yalli toDagiruva vyakti, prANi modalAduvannu mADuga ghaTakada mUlaka sUcisuva badalu kone ghaTakada mUlaka sUcisabEkAguttade. (50ka) janAdrana tale turisida. (50kha) janAdrananige tale turisitu. (51ka) girISa pAThavannu maretiddAne. (51kha) girISanige pATha maretide. hatOTiyallillada ghaTaneyannAgali illavE hatOTiyalliruva ghaTaneyannAgali pratyayavannu baLasadEnE sUcisaballa bILu, tEgu, AkaLisu modalAda bEreyU kelavu kriyApadagaLU kannaDadallive. Adare I kriyApadagaLu hatOTiyalliruva ghaTaneyannu sUcisuvAga mElina kriyApadagaLa baLakeyalli kANisida hAge avugaLondige baruva ghaTakagaLa sankhyeyalli illavE svarUpadalli badalAvaNeyAguvudilla. (52ka) rAju bidda. (52kha) avanu AkaLisida. mElina kriyApadagaLu hatOTiyallillada ghaTaneyannu sUcisuvu diddalli, avugaLondige baruva ghaTakavannu AgugavendU mattu hatOTiyalliruva ghaTaneyannu sUcisuvudiddalli adE ghaTakavannu mADugavendU parigaNisabEkAguvudembudE ivugaLa baLakeyalli kANisuva vaySiShTya.
udAharaNegAgi, bILu kriyApada sAmAnyavAgi bILuvavana hatOTiyallillada ghaTaneyannu sUcisuttade. Adare, kelavu viSiShTavAda sandabhragaLalli (udAharaNegAgi nATakadalli pAtra vahisuttiruva obba vyakti keLage bILuvante naTisabEkAgiruvAga) adu ondu hatOTi yalliruva ghaTaneyannU sUcisuttiralu sAdhyavide. modalaneya baLake yalli adondu Aguga ghaTakadondige bandideyendu hELabEkAgu ttade mattu eraDaneya baLakeyalli adondu mADuga ghaTakadondige bandideyendu hELabEkAguttade.

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2.5.2 samagrateya sUcane

kannaDada kriyApadagaLalli kelavu sUcisuva ghaTanegaLu Agugavannu pUtri yAgi bAdhisuttave, Adare bEre kelavu Agugada ondu bhAgavannaShTE bAdhisuttave. udAharaNegAgi, keLage koTTiruva eraDu vAkyagaLannu gamanisabahudu. (53ka) rAju mEjannu muTTida. (53kha) rAju nadiyannu dATida. rAju mEjina tudiyannu mAtravE muTTiruvanAdarU (53ka) vAkya vannu baLasalu sAdhyavide, Adare (53kha) vAkyavannu baLasabEkiddalli Ata pUtriyAgi nadiya ondu danDeyinda innondu danDege hOgi talapiruvudu avaSya. dATu kriyApadavu sUcisuva ghaTane obba vyakti illavE vastuvannu pUtriyAgi bAdhisuttade, Adare muTTu kriyA padavu sUcisuva ghaTane vyakti illavE vastuvina ondu bhAgavannaShTE bAdhisuttiralu sAdhyavide. hattu, Iju, Odu modalAda kelavu kriyApadagaLu I eraDu rItiya ghaTanegaLannU sUcisalu sAdhyaviddu, modalaneya arthadalli avugaLondige ondu Aguga ghaTaka baruvudAdare, eraDaneya artha dalli ondu kone illavE jAga ghaTaka baruttade. (54ka) Ata kAvEri nadiyannu Ijida. (54kha) Ata kAvEri nadiyalli Ijida. (55ka) Ata ENiyinda maravannu hattida. (55kha) Ata ENiyinda marakke hattida. (54ka)dalli Iju kriyApadadondige mADuga mattu Aguga ghaTakagaLu bandiddu, adakke ‘Ata kAvEri nadiya ondu daDadinda innondu daDakke Ijida’ embudAgi samagrArthavide. Adare, (54kha) dalli idE kriyApadadondige mADuga mattu jAga ghaTakagaLu bandiddu, adakke ‘Ata kAvEri nadiya ondu bhAgadalli Ijida’ endiShTE arthavide. (55ka-kha)dallU hIgeyE.
tumbu, suli, hinDu, koyyu, kuDi, Odu, bare modalAda bEre kelavu kriyApadagaLU idE rItiyalli vyakti, vastu modalA duvannu pUtriyAgi illavE avugaLa ondu bhAgavannaShTE bAdhisu ttiralu sAdhyaviddu, intaha vyakti illavE vastuvannu sUcisuva ghaTaka gaLu avugaLondige Agugada rUpadallAgalI illavE suru athavA jAgada rUpadallAgalI baraballuvu.
(56ka) avanu A pustakavannu OdiddAne. (56kha) avanu A pustakadinda ondu kateyannu OdiddAne. (57ka) Ake ondu pustakavannu barediddALe. (57kha) Ake ondu pustakadalli kaviteyannu barediddALe. (56ka)dalli Odu kriyApadadondige pustaka emba pada ondu Aguga ghaTakavAgi bandide, mattu A kriyApada sUcisuva ghaTane pustakavannu pUtriyAgi bAdhisuttadeyemba artha A vAkyakkide. Adare, (56kha)dalli adE kriyApadadondige pustaka emba pada ondu suru ghaTakavAgi bandide mattu A vAkyakke Odu kriyApada sUcisuva ghaTane pustakada ondu bhAgavannaShTE bAdhisuttadeyemba arthavide. (57ka-kha)gaLalli bandiruva bare kriyApadakkU I rIti eraDu baLakegaLiruvudannu kANa bahudu.

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2.5.3 kadaluvikeya sUcane

kriyApadagaLannu kadaluvavu mattu kadaladavu embudAgi eraDu gumpugaLalli vingaDisalu sAdhya embudannu nAvu mEle (2.4.4ralli) nODiruvevu. kadaluva kriyApadagaLondige suru illavE kone ghaTaka baruvudAdare, kadalada kriyApadagaLondige jAga ghaTaka baruttade. Adare, addu, bILu, hAku modalAda kelavu kriyApadagaLu ondu jAga ghaTakadondigAgalI illavE ondu suru athavA kone ghaTakadondigAgalI baraballuvAgiddu, avu entaha ghaTakadondige baruttave embudannAdharisi, avugaLa baLakeyalli I eraDu rItiya ghaTanegaLU sUcitavAguttave. (58ka) poೀlIsaru A kaLLana beraLannu kudiyuva eNNiyalli addidaru. (58kha) poೀlIsaru A kaLLana beraLannu kudiyuva eNNige addidaru. (59ka) surESana hosa cenDu nIrinalli biddide. (59kha) surESana hosa cenDu nIrige biddide. addu kriyApada sAmAnyavAgi ondu calaneyannu sUcisuttiruttade. Adare, adarondige (58kha)dalli kANisida hAge ondu kone ghaTaka vannu baLasidAga I calaneya mEle ottu bILuttade, mattu (58ka) dalli kANisida hAge jAga ghaTakavannu baLasidAga calaneya mEle ottu bILuvudilla. idE rItiyalli bILu kriyApadadondige jAga ghaTakavannu baLasidAga calaneya mEle ottu bILuvudilla (59ka), Adare kone ghaTakavannu baLasidAga calaneya mEle ottu bILuttade (59kha).

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2.6 ghaTakagaLannu pratyEkisuvudu

mEle sUcisiruva hAge, kriyApadagaLondige avu tiLisuva ghaTaneya svarUpavannAdharisi bEre bEre rItiya ghaTakagaLannu baLasuva avaSyakate yide. ondu vAkyadalli ondE mukhya ghaTaka bandideyAdare adu yAvudu embudannu kriyApadada svarUpada AdhArada mEle tiLiyalu kaShTavAguvudilla. udAharaNegAgi, ondu kriyApadavu hatOTi yallilladiruva ghaTaneyannu sUcisuttideyAdare adarondige bandiruva ghaTaka AgugavendU mattu hatOTiyalliruva ghaTaneyannu sUcisuttide yAdare adarondige bandiruva ghaTaka mADugavendU hELalu sAdhya (60ka) rAju daNida. (60kha) rAju kuLita. (60ka) vAkya hatOTiyallillada ghaTaneyondannu sUcisuttiruva kAraNa, adaralli bandiruva rAju emba pada Aguga ghaTakavannu sUcisuttide. Adare (60kha) vAkya hatOTiyalliruva ghaTaneyondannu sUcisuttiddu, adaralli bandiruva adE pada mADuga ghaTakavannu sUcisuttide. ondu vAkyadalli eraDu athavA jAsti ghaTakagaLu bandiveyAdalli, avugaLalli yAvudu yAva ghaTaka embudAgi avannu pratyEkisi hELuva avaSyakateyunTAguttade. I rIti vAkyavondaralli bandiruva ghaTaka gaLannu pratyEkisuvudakkAgi vibhakti pratyayagaLannAgalI illavE bEre yAvudAdarU padagaLannAgalI sErisuva krama baLakeyallide.
udAharaNegAgi ondu vAkyadalli mADuga mattu AgugagaLemba eraDu ghaTakagaLU oTTAgi bandiveyAdalli, averaDaralli yAvudu mADuga mattu yAvudu Aguga embudannu tiLisuvudakkAgi avugaLalli ondarondige (Agugadondige) annu emba vibhakti pratyayavannu baLasa lAguttade. (61ka) hari bidda. (61kha) rAju hariyannu dUDida.
(61ka) vAkyadalli Agugavannu sUcisuva ondu ghaTaka (hari embudu) mAtra bandide. hAgAgi adakkU kriyApadakkU naDuve entaha sambandha vide embudannu sUcisuva avaSyakateyilla. Adare, (61kha)dalli Aguga mattu mADugagaLeraDU oTTAgi bandiveyAda kAraNa, avannu gurutisuva eraDu padagaLalli (hari mattu rAju embavugaLalli) yAvudu Aguga mattu yAvudu mADuga embudannu spaShTapaDisuvudakkAgi Agugadondige annu pratyayavannu baLasabEkAgide embudannu (61kha)dalli kANabahudu.

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2.6.1 annu pratyayada baLake

ondu vAkyadalli mADugavannu sUcisuva pada obba vyakti illavE ondu prANiyannu gurutisuttiddu, Agugavannu sUcisuva pada ondu vastuvannu gurutisuttideyAdalli, averaDaralli yAvudu Aguga mattu yAvudu mADuga emba viShayadalli samSaya baruva sambhava kaDime. yAkendare, antaha sandabhragaLallella vyakti illavE prANi mADuga vAgiruttade mattu vastu AgugavAgiruttade. hAgAgi antaha vAkyagaLalli Agugavannu gurutisuva padadondige annu pratyayavannu baLasadiralu sAdhyavide. (62ka) rAju ondu kAgada(vannu) bareyuttiddAne. (62kha) jAnaki aDuge(yannu) mADidaLu. Adare sAmAnyavAgi Agugavannu sUcisuva pada kriyApadada hattira bandiruvAga mAtra I rIti annu pratyayavannu baLasadiralu sAdhya. adakkU kriyApadakkU naDuve yAvudAdarU bEre pada illavE pratyaya bandideyAdare idu sAdhyavAgadu. (63ka) rAju ondu kAgadavannu bEgane bareyuttiddAne. (63kha) rAju ondu kAgadavannU bareyuttiddAne.

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6.2.2 jAga, suru mattu kone

ghaTanege sambandhisida jAga, suru mattu konegaLannu sUcisuvudakkAgi kannaDadalli alli, inda mattu ge emba mUru vibhakti pratyayagaLu baLakeyAguttave. (64ka) Ake koDadalli nIru tumbisidaLu. (64kha) avaru maneyinda horage bandaru. (64ga) rAju manege hOda. ivugaLalli ge pratyayakke akAradalli konegoLLuva nAmapadagaLa munde kke emba rUpavide, mattu ukAradalli konegoLLuva nAmapada gaLa munde ige emba rUpavide.
mola molakke
kaTTaDa kaTTaDakke
mane manege kallige kallu akAradalli konegoLLuva padagaLu manuShyarannu sUcisuttive yAdalli avakke ondu nakAra sEruttade mattu avugaLa munde I pratyayakke kke embudara badalu ige emba rUpavide. manuShya akkanige manuShyanige suru mattu konegaLannu sUcisuva alli mattu inda emba vibhakti pratyayagaLu itara vibhakti pratyayagaLa hAge nEravAgi nAmapada gaLondige sEruva badalu avugaLa sambandharUpadondige sEruttave.
nAmapada sambandha rUpa marada mara taleya kADu kADina maradalli maradinda rAjanalli rAjaninda taleyalli taleyinda kADinalli kADininda sAmAnyavAgi manuShyarannu sUcisuva padagaLondige alli pratyaya bandideyAdare adakke jAgavannu sUcisuva arthakkintalU uLLavanannu illavE oDetanaviruvavanannu sUcisuva artha baruttade. (65ka) nammalli eraDu danagaLive. (65kha) A pustakavannu rAju avaralli koTTiddAne.

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2.6.3 sambandhavannu sUcisuva padagaLu

ghaTakagaLigU mattu kriyApadakkU naDuviruva sambandhavannu sUcisuvu dakkAgi mEle vivarisidante heccina sandabhragaLallU vibhakti pratyaya gaLannu baLasalAguttade. Adare, kannaDadalli oTTu annu, inda, ge mattu alli embudAgi mAtra baLakeyalliveyAda kAraNa, kelavu sandabhragaLalli I kelasakkAgi bEre padagaLannu baLasuva avaSyakate kanDubaruttade. nAlku vibhakti pratyayagaLu udAharaNegAgi mADuga ghaTakadondige ondu vAkyadalli Aguga mattu prErakagaLeraDU bandiveyAdare, avugaLalli Agugavannu uLida eraDu ghaTakagaLinda pratyEkisalu annu pratyayavannu baLasabahudu. Adare mADuga mattu prErakagaLannu pratyEkisi hELalu kannaDadalli yAva vibhakti pratyayavU illa. hAgAgi, intaha vAkyagaLalli mADugadondige kayyalli illavE mUlaka emba padavannu baLasabEkAguttade. (66ka) baDade kaTTige oDeda. (66kha) sItAbAyi baDadeya kayyalli kaTTige oDesidaLu. (67ka) sIte ondu gombe tandiddALe. (67kha) jAnaki sIteya mUlaka ondu gombe tarisiddALe. jAgavannu sUcisuvudakkAgi alli pratyayada baLakeyAguttade embu dannu nAvu mEle nODiruvevu. Adare jAgagaLalli halavu vidhagaLiddu, avugaLa naDuvina vyatyAsagaLannu sUcisuvudakkAgi kannaDadalli vibhakti pratyayagaLa badalu padagaLannu baLasalAguttade. I padagaLu nAmapada gaLa sambandha rUpadondige baruttave. (68ka) gellina mEle ondu hakki kuLitide. (68kha) A halasina marada Ace gandhasAle bittiddEve. (68ga) avaru tamma maneya sutta muLLina giDa neTTiddAre. (68gha) ajjammanavaru aDuge kONeyoLage malagiddaru. (68Ga) A huDuga tanna tandeya hattira nintiddAne. mElina vAkyagaLalli mEle, Ace, sutta, oLage mattu hattira emba padagaLu bEre bEre rItiya jAgagaLannu sUcisuttive embudannu gamanisabahudu. intaha padagaLu sUcisuva jAgagaLu kadaluvikeya suru illavE konegaLAgiddalli I viShayavannu sUcisalu avugaLondige inda mattu ge emba pratyayagaLannu baLasalu sAdhyavide. (69ka) gellina mElininda hakki hAri hOyitu. (69kha) Ata marada Acege hOda.

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2.7 vyavahAra sambandha

vAkyagaLalli baruva ghaTakagaLigU mattu kriyApadakkU naDuviruva sambandhagaLannu sUcisuva bage hEge embudannu nAvu mElina vibhAgagaLalli (2.1-2.6ralli) nODiruvevu. I ellA sambandhagaLU vAkyada arthakke sambandhisiveyAda kAraNa ivannella oTTAgi ‘artha’ sambandhagaLendu kareyabahudu. ivannu sUcisuvudakkAgi kannaDadalli prAmukhyavAgi vibhakti pratyayagaLa baLakeyAguttade. intaha artha sambandhagaLannu mAtravallade vAkya ghaTakagaLa mUlaka bEre kelavu rItiya sambandhagaLannU sUcisuva avaSyakateyide. I sambandhagaLu vAkyavondara ghaTakagaLannu A vAkyada hindina vAkyagaLalli bandiruva ghaTakagaLondige mattu mAtina sannivESadondige sambandhisu ttave. ivannu ‘vyavahAra’ sambandhagaLendu kareyabahudu.

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2.7.1 viShaya mattu suddi

vAkyagaLannella ondu viShaya mattu A viShayada kuritAgi vAkya tiLisuva suddi embudAgi eraDu vibhAgagaLalli vingaDisalu sAdhyavide. kannaDa vAkyagaLalli sAmAnyavAgi modalige baruva ghaTaka viShayavannU mattu adara anantara baruva ghaTakagaLu (mattu kriyApada) A viShayada kuritAgi EnAdarU ondu suddiyannU tiLisuttave.
(70ka) rAju angaDige hOgiddAne. (70ka)dalli modalige bandiruva rAju emba ghaTaka ondu viShaya vannU mattu adara anantara bandiruva angaDige hOgiddAne emba vAkyada anga A viShayada kuritAgi ondu suddiyannU tiLisuttave. idE vAkyadalli rAju embudara badalu angaDige embudannu modalige irisi hELidalli A vAkyada viShayadalli badalAvaNeyAguttade embudannu (70kha)dalli kANabahudu. (70kha) angaDige rAju hOgiddAne. (70kha)dalli modalu bandiruva angaDige embudu A vAkyada viShaya mattu adara anantara bandiruva rAju hOgiddAne embudu A viShayada kuritAgi vAkya tiLisuva suddi embudannu gamanisabahudu. vAkyadalli I rIti bEre bEre ghaTakagaLannu vAkyada modalanE sthAnadalli irisi avannu A vAkyada viShayagaLannAgi mADi hELalu sAdhya (71ka) rAju baDagiyannu karedidda. (71kha) baDagiyannu rAju karedidda. (72ka) nAnu avanige ninne ondu pustaka koTTidde. (72kha) avanige nAnu ninne ondu pustaka koTTidde. (72ga) ninne nAnu avanige ondu pustaka koTTidde. (72gha) pustakavannu nAnu ninne avanige koTTidde. eraDu athavA jAsti vAkyagaLannoLagonDiruva vAkyagaLalliyU I rIti vAkyada bEre bEre ghaTakagaLannu modalaneya ghaTakavannAgi mADi adannu iDI vAkyada viShayavendu sUcisalu sAdhyavide. (73ka) avaLu hADuttALembudannu nAnu kELiddEne. (73kha) nAnu avaLu hADuttALembudannu kELiddEne. (74ka) avanu maysUrige hOgi rAjuvannu kanDa. (74kha) rAjuvannu avanu maysUrige hOgi kanDa. (74ga) maysUrige hOgi avanu rAjuvannu kanDa. sAmAnyavAgi vAkyagaLalli viShayagaLAgi bandiruva ghaTakagaLu kELuganige tiLidiruttave, mattu avugaLa anantara ‘suddi’yAgi baruva amSa A viShayagaLa kuritAgi kELuganige tiLidilladantahadannEnAdarU tiLisuttade. I kAraNakkAgi, kELuganige tiLidilladantaha illavE paricitavAgilladantaha ghaTakagaLu vAkyada viShayavAgi baralAravu. mEle (72gha)dalli ondu pustaka embudannu pustaka embudAgi badalAyi siruvudu idE kAraNakkAgi embudannu gamanisabahudu. ondu pustaka embudu kELuganige paricitavAgilladiruva pustakavannU mattu pustaka embudu paricitavAgiruva pustakavannU sUcisuttave.

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2.7.2 mukhya amSa

sAmAnyavAgi ondu vAkyadalli ‘suddi’yAgi bandiruva bhAgadalli yAvudAdarU ondu amSa mukhyavAdudAgiruttade. idu vAkyada ghaTakavAgirabahudu illavE kriyAguNapadavAgirabahudu. kannaDadalli I mukhyavAgiruva amSa kriyApadada eDakke baruttade. ondu vAkyada ‘suddi’ vibhAgadalli bandiruva bEre bEre ghaTaka illavE kriyA guNapadagaLalli ondannu suddiya mukhya amSavannAgi mADalu I rIti kriyApadada eDakke irisi hELalu sAdhyavide. (75ka) rAju nimma koDeyannu nanage koTTa. (75kha) rAju nanage nimma koDe(yannu) koTTa. (75ga) nanage nimma koDeyannu rAju koTTa. (76ka) rAju maysUrininda nALe baruttAne. (76kha) rAju nALe maysUrininda baruttAne. (76ga) maysUrininda nALe rAju baruttAne. (75ka) vAkyadalli bandiruva suddiyalli nanage embudu mukhya amSa mattu (75kha)dalli idakke badalu koDe embudu mukhya amSa; (75ga)dalli rAju embudu mukhya amSa. vAkyada mukhya amSavannu sUcisuvudakkAgi kannaDadalli bEreyU kelavu vidhAnagaLu baLakeyallive. amSavondannu iddallE otti hELuvudu ondu vidhAna (77ka-ga); mattu vAkyavannu ‘sambandhisuva’ vAkyavannAgi (9.2 nODi) badalAyisi mukhya amSa vAkyada itara amSakke sambandhisiruvantahadu embudAgi sUcisuvudu innondu vidhAna (78ka-ga).
(77ka) avanu huDuganannu marakke hattisida. (77kha) avanu huDuganannu marakke hattisida. (77ga) huDuganannu avanu marakke hattisida. (78ka) avanu huDuganannu hattisiddu marakke. (78kha) avanu marakke hattisiddu huDuganannu. (78ga) huDuganannu marakke hattisiddu avanu. marakke embudannu (77ka)dalli huDuganannu emba amSavannu ottihELuva mUlaka adannu A vAkyada suddiya mukhya amSavannAgi mADalAgide, mattu (77kha-ga)gaLalli adakke badalu marakke mattu avanu embavugaLannu ottihELuva mUlaka suddiya mukhya amSagaLannAgi mADalAgide. bhAgakke (78ka)dalli sambandhisuvante hELuva mUlaka adu A vAkya tiLisuva suddiya mukhya amSavembudAgi sUcisalAgide. (78kha-ga)gaLalli huDuganannu mattu avanu embavugaLu idE kAraNakkAgi mukhya amSagaLu. kelavu pada illavE pratyayagaLannu baLasiyU vAkyada suddiyalli mukhya amSa yAvudu embudannu sUcisalu sAdhyavide. udAharaNe gAgi, ottihELalu baLasuva E pratyaya illavE tAnE emba pada I kelasavannu naDesaballudu. vAkyada itara (79ka) avannu A huDuganannE marakke hattisida. (79kha) avanu A huDuganannu tAnE marakke hattisiddu?

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2.7.3 hinneNike

ondu vAkyadalli hELalu biTTu hOda amSavannu vAkya mugi doDaneyE adara ‘hinneNike’yAgi sUcisalu sAdhyavide. udAharaNe gAgi keLagina vAkyagaLannu gamanisabahudu. (80ka) rAjuvannu bahaLa hogaLidaru, heDmAShTru. (80kha) heDmAShTru bahaLa hogaLidaru, rAjuvannu. (81ka) ninne ondu Tivi tandidda, rAju. (81kha) rAju ondu Tivi tandidda, ninne. (80ka)dalli heDmAShTru embudannu hinneNikeyAgi sUcisalAgide mattu (80kha)dalli idakke badalu rAjuvannu embudannu hinneNikeyAgi mADa lAgide. sAmAnyavAgi eraDu bEre bEre rItiya sandabhragaLalli intaha hinneNikegaLa baLakeyAguvudannu kANabahudu. modalaneyadAgi, mukhya amSavannu hELuva Aturadalli ondu amSa biTTuhOgiddu adannu anantara hinneNikeyAgi hELiralu sAdhyavide; mattu eraDaneyadAgi, ondu amSavannu sUcisuva avaSyakateyillavendu modalu bhAvisiddu, suddiyannu tiLisuvAga adu spaShTavAgalillavendu anisidalli, anantara hELadidda amSavannu hinneNikeyAgi tiLisiralu sAdhyavide.
vyavahAra sambandhagaLannu sUcisuvudakkAgi kannaDadalli I rIti ghaTakagaLa jAgavannu badalAyisuvudu, otti hELuvudu, ghaTakagaLannu vAkyada konege vagrAyisuvudu, avakke kelavu pada illavE pratyaya gaLannu sErisuvudu, modalAda bEre bEre rItiya vidhAnagaLa baLakeyAguttiddu ivu artha sambandhagaLannu sUcisuva vidhAnakkinta tIra bhinnavAgive.
vyAkaraNagaLalli sAmAnyavAgi artha sambandhakkEnE heccina gamana koDuttiddu, vyavahAra sambandhakke jAsti gamana harisilla. hAgAgi, ivugaLa kuritAgi namage tiLidiruva amSagaLu bahaLa kaDime (jAsti vivaragaLige tirumalES (1979) mattu bhaT (1991) nODi).

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2.8 guNapadagaLa baLake

kriyAvAkyagaLalli mukhyavAda mattu mukhyavallada ghaTakagaLu mAtra vallade ondu athavA jAsti guNapadagaLU baraballuvu. ivu kriyA padavu tiLisuva ghaTaneya guNadharmagaLannu sUcisuvudakkAgi baLake yAguttave. ghaTane entahadu embudannu mAtravallade ghaTaneya samaya mattu jAgagaLannU intaha guNapadagaLu sUcisaballuvu. hAgAgi, vAkyadalli baruva I guNapadagaLigU mattu ghaTaneya jAga, samaya modalAduvannu sUcisuva mukhyavallada ghaTakagaLigU naDuve hattirada sambandhavide. (82ka) rAju sumatiyannu bahaLa hogaLida. (82kha) avaru nALe AphIsige hOguvudilla. (82ga) alli nimmannu yArU mAtanADisuvudilla. guNapadagaLa baLakeya kuritAgi heccina vivaragaLannu Araneya adhyAyadalli koDalAgide.

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2.9 sArAmSa

yAvudAdarU ondu ghaTane naDedudannu illavE naDeyaliruvudannu tiLisabEkAdAga kriyAvAkyagaLannu baLasabEkAguttade. intaha kriyA vAkyagaLalli mukhya padavAgi ondu kriyApada bandiruttade. I kriyA padadondige mukhyavAgi eraDu pratyayagaLu bandiruttave. ivugaLalli ondu ghaTaneya samayavannu sUcisuttade mattu innondu ghaTane yalli toDagikonDiruva vyakti, vastu modalAdavugaLalli ondannu cuTukAgi sUcisuttade. ghaTaneyalli toDagikonDiruva vyakti, vastu modalAduvannu heccu vivaravAgi sUcisalu kriyAvAkyadalli ondu athavA jAsti mukhya ghaTakagaLu baruttave. idallade, ghaTaneya samaya, jAga, uddESa, ghaTaneyalli baLasida sUcisuvudakkAgi bEreyU kelavu (mukhyavallada) ghaTakagaLannu kriyAvAkyagaLalli baLasalu sAdhyavide. ondu vAkyadalli eraDu athavA jAsti ghaTakagaLu bandiveyAdalli avugaLalli yAvudu yAva ghaTaka embudannu sUcisuvudakkAgi avuga Londige vibhakti pratyayagaLa illavE itara padagaLa baLakeyAguttade. vAkyadalli baruva ghaTakagaLannu mattu kriyAguNapadagaLannu hindina vAkyagaLa ghaTakagaLondige mattu mAtina sannivESadondige sambandhisu sAdhana, modalAduvannu vudakkAgi vAkyadalli avu baruva jAga, otti hELuvudu, kelavu pada illavE pratyayagaLa baLake modalAda vidhAnagaLannu baLasalAguttade. kriyAvAkyagaLalli baruva kelavu kriyAguNapadagaLu ghaTanegaLa guNadharmagaLannU sUcisaballuvu.
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adhyAya mUru — viShayavAkyagaLa oLaracane

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3.1 pIThike

kannaDadalli mukhyavAgi mUru rItiya viShayavAkyagaLu baLakeyallive. ivu mUru rItiya sangatigaLannu tiLisuvudakkAgi baLakeyAguttave. I sangatigaLa svarUpada AdhArada mEle keLage koTTiruvante I vAkya gaLannu iruvikeya vAkyagaLu, guNavAkyagaLu mattu sambandha vAkyagaLu embudAgi hesarisabahudu. iruvikeya vAkyagaLu: yAvudAdarondu jAgadalli vyakti, vastu modalAdavugaLa iruvikeyannu tiLisuva vAkyagaLu.
(1ka) mEShTru klAsinalliddAre. (1kha) nimma hosa pustaka mEjina mElittu. (1ga) Akeya hattira ondu holige yantravide. (1gha) I hAlinalli nALe ondu sabheyide. (1ka) vAkyadalli klAsu emba jAgadalli mEShTru emba vyaktiya Igina iruvikeyannu tiLisalAgide, mattu (1kha) vAkyadalli mEju emba jAgadalli nimma hosa pustaka emba vastuvina hindina iruvikeyannu tiLisalAgide, ityAdi. guNavAkyagaLu: yAvudAdarondu guNadharmavannu vyakti, vastu modalAdavugaLa mEle horisuva vAkyagaLu.
(2ka) Akeya tuTi bahaLa kempagide. (2kha) nArAyaNasvAmiya tale nuNNagittu. (2ga) A huli bahaLa hasidide. (2gha) nimma kelasa avarige meccugeyAgide. (2ka) vAkyadalli bahaLa kempu emba guNadharmavannu Akeya tuTiya mEle horisalAgide, mattu (2kha) vAkyadalli nuNNage emba guNa dharmavannu nArAyaNasvAmiya taleya mEle horisalAgide, sambandhavAkyagaLu: yAvudAdarondu vyakti, vastu, sangati, ghaTane modalAdavugaLondige bErondu vyakti, vastu, sangati, ghaTane modalAdavugaLannu sambandhisuva vAkyagaLu. intaha vAkyagaLu ibbaru vyaktigaLa naDuviruva sambandhagaLannu (udA: nanTastike) mAtravallade obba vyakti mattu ondu vastuvina naDuviruva sambandhavannAgali (udA: vyaktiya anga, sottu, dEhada illavE manassina sthiti, kelasa, ityAdi) illavE eraDu vastugaLa illavE sangatigaLa naDuviruva sambandhavannAgali (udA: vastu illavE sangatiya guNadharma, anga, ityAdi) sUcisaballuvu. (3ka) A rAjanige mUvaru rANiyariddaru. (3kha) sItApatige nAlku emmegaLive. (3ga) Atana mAtige bahaLa beleyiruttade. (3gha) poೀlIsarige nimma mEle samSayavittu. (3ka) vAkyadalli rAja emba vyaktigU mattu mUvaru rANiyarigU naDuviruva sambandhavannu sUcisalAgide, mattu (3gha)dalli poೀlIsa rigU mattu nimma mElina samSaya emba guNadharmakkU naDuviruva sambandhavannu sUcisalAgide, ityAdi.

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3.1.1 samayabhEdagaLu

viShayavAkyagaLalli baruva iru kriyApada kriyAvAkyagaLalli baruva itara kriyApadagaLiginta samayabhEdavannu sUcisuvudaralli bhinnavAgide. itara kriyApadagaLige hindina mattu mundina embudAgi eraDu samayagaLannu sUcisuva padarUpagaLu mAtra iveyAdare, iru kriyA padakke hindina, mundina mattu Igina embudAgi mUru bEre bEre samayagaLannu sUcisuva padarUpagaLive. udAharaNegAgi keLage (4- 5)ralli koTTiruva vAkyagaLannu pariSIlisabahudu.
rAju Iga maneyalliddAne. (4kha) rAju ninne maneyallidda. rAju nALe maneyalliruttAne. rAju manege hOda. (5kha) rAju manege hOguttAne. (4)ralli mUru bEre bEre vAkyagaLu bandiddu, ivugaLalli iru kriyApada iddAne, idda mattu iruttAne emba mUru bEre bEre rUpagaLalli bandiruvudannu gamanisabahudu. ivu A vAkyagaLannu ADuttiruva samaya (Igina samaya), adakkinta hindina samaya mattu adara anantarada samaya (mundina samaya) embudAgi mUru bEre bEre samayagaLalli ondu sangatiya iravannu sUcisuttave.
Adare (5)ralli eraDu vAkyagaLu mAtra bandiddu, ivugaLalli hOgu kriyApada hOda mattu hOguttAne emba eraDu rUpa gaLalli mAtra kANisikoLLuttade. ivu A vAkyavannADiruva samayakkinta hindina samaya mattu adakkinta mundina samaya embudAgi eraDu samayagaLalli naDeyuva ghaTanegaLannu mAtravE sUcisaballuvu. iru embudara hAge hOgu embudakke (mattu itara kriyApadagaLige) Igina samayadalli naDeyuttiruva ghaTaneyannu sUcisalu mundina samayada rUpakkinta bhinnavAda rUpavilla. ondu mAtannu ADuttiruva samayadallEnE naDeyuva Igina samayada ghaTaneyannu antaha vAkyagaLalli sUcisabEkendiddalli, kannaDadalli adakkAgi A vAkyagaLa kriyApadadondige iru kriyApadada Igina samayada rUpavannu sErisi baLasabEkAguttade. Adare idakke ghaTane naDeyuttA ide emba artha, illavE ghaTane halavu bAri naDeyuttide emba arthavU baruttade. rAju pustaka OduttA iddAne. (6kha) rAju taleyannu ADisuttA iddAne. (6ka) vAkyakke ‘pustaka Oduva ondu ghaTane naDeyuttA ide’ emba arthavideyAdare, (6kha) vAkyakke ‘taleyannu ADisuvantaha’ halavu ghaTanegaLu ondAdarondarante naDeyuttive emba artha baruttade.
kannaDadalli I rIti ondu viShaya illavE sangatiya iravannu sUcisuva iru kriyApadakke mUru samaya rUpagaLiveyAdarU ghaTanegaLannu sUcisuva itara kriyApadagaLige eraDu samayarUpagaLu mAtra kANisikoLLuvudakke samayakke sambandhisidante sangati mattu ghaTanegaLa naDuviruva vyatyAsavE mukhya kAraNa. ondu ghaTaneyannu tiLisuva samayadalli adu ondO naDediruttade illavE naDeya liruttade. hAgAgi adara samayavannu sUcisalu eraDu samaya rUpagaLiddare sAku. Adare ondu sangatiyu adannu tiLisuva sandabhradalliyU irabahudu illavE adakkinta hinde illavE mundeyU irabahudu. hAgAgi adara iruvikeyannu tiLisuva mUru samayarUpagaLa avaSyakateyide.
kriyApadakke tiLisuva samayadalli ondu ghaTane naDeyuttirabEkAdare adu kShaNikavAgilladirabEku illavE kShaNikavAgiddarU halavu bAri naDeyu vantahadirabEku. I eraDu heccina arthagaLannu sUcisuvudakkAgi kannaDadalli saraLa kriyArUpada badalu mEle sUcisidante kUDu kriyApadagaLannu baLasuva krama baLakeyalli bandide.
kriyAvAkyagaLigU mattu viShayavAkyagaLigU naDuve samayakke sambandhisidante innondu mukhyavAda vyatyAsavide. kriyAvAkyagaLallella ghaTaneya samayavannu khaDDAyavAgiyU sUcisalEbEkemba niyama vide. Adare viShayavAkyagaLalli I rIti khaDDAyavilla. viShayada samaya aShTondu prAmukhyavAgillavAdalli adannu sUcisadE iralU sAdhya vide mattu intaha sandabhragaLalli I vAkyagaLannu iru kriyApada villadeyU baLasalu sAdhyavide. rAju bombAyiyalli, avana henDati bengaLUrinalli. (7kha) Akeya tuTi kempu.’ (7ga) A rAjanige mUvaru rANiyaru. sAmAnyavAgi intaha iru kriyApadavillada viShayavAkyagaLu mAta nADuva samayakke sambandhisida sangatiyondannu tiLisuttave. Adare mEle (7ga)dalli kANisidante adu mAtanADuva samayakkintalU vAkyada mUlaka nirUpisuva samayakke sambandhisidantaha sangati yAgiralu sAdhyavide.

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3.1.2 kriyAvAkyagaLondige sambandha

viShayavAkya mattu kriyAvAkyagaLu halavu viShayagaLalli ondakkinta ondu bhinnavAgiveyAdarU avugaLa naDuve hattirada sambandhavide. sAmAnyavAgi ondu kriyAvAkya eraDu viShayavAkyagaLannu sambandhisu ttadeyendu hELalu sAdhyavide. rAju marakke hattida. rAju marada keLagiddAne. (8kha) rAju marada mEliddAne. jAnaki ondu maguvannu haDedaLu. (9ka) jAnakige makkaLilla. (9kha) jAnakige ondu magu ide. (8)ralli bandiruva kriyAvAkyavu sUcisuva ghaTane (8ka) mattu (8kha) gaLalli bandiruva viShayavAkyagaLu sUcisuva eraDu sangatigaLannu jODisi hELuttaveyembudannu gamanisabahudu. marada keLagiruva rAju marakke hattuva mUlaka marada mEliruvavanAguttAne. (9) rallU hIgeyE; makkaLillada jAnaki ondu maguvannu haDeyuvudara mUlaka ondu magu iruvavaLAguttALe.

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3.2 iruvikeya vAkyagaLu

yAvudAdarondu jAgadalli vyakti, vastu, guNadharma modalAdavugaLa iruvikeyannu sUcisuvudakkAgi iruvikeya vAkyagaLu baLakeyAguttave. hAgAgi, intaha vAkyagaLalli jAgavannu sUcisuvudakkAgi ondu ghaTaka mattu adaralliruva vyakti, vastu modalAduvannu sUcisuvudakkAgi ondu ghaTaka embudAgi eraDu mukhya ghaTakagaLu barabEkAguttade. (10ka) kappu maDakeyalli bisi nIride. (10kha) biLigiriyavara bekku bEvina marada tudiyallittu. (10ga) Akeya huDuga nammalliruttAne. (10ka)dalli ondu jAgavannu sUcisuva kappu maDake emba ghaTakavU mattu adaralliruva ondu vastuvannu sUcisuva bisi nIru emba ghaTakavU bandiruvudannu gamanisabahudu. itara vAkyagaLallU idE rItiyalli eraDeraDu ghaTakagaLu bandiruvudannu kANabahudu.

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3.2.1 jAgada svarUpa

kriyAvAkyagaLalli ondu ghaTane illavE calaneya suru, kone mattu jAgavannu sUcisaballa mUru rItiya ghaTakagaLu baraballuvembudannu nODiruvevu. Adare nAvu hindina adhyAyadalli iruvikeya vAkyagaLalli vyakti, vastu modalAdavugaLa jAgavannu sUcisa balla ghaTakagaLu mAtra baraballuvu.
idakke kAraNavEnendare, suru illavE konegaLondige baruva ghaTanegaLindalU vyakti, vastu modalAdavugaLa jAgavannu sUcisuva sangatigaLE siddhavAguvuvAda kAraNa, vyakti, vastu modalAdavugaLa jAgavannu sUcisuva viShayavAkyagaLige suru mattu konegaLannu sUcisuva ghaTakagaLa avaSyakateyilla. (11ka) bekku marada tudige hattitu. (11kha) bekku marada tudiyallide. (12ka) rAyaru bengaLUrininda bandiddAre. (12kha) rAyaru bengaLUrinalli illa. (11ka)dalli hattu emba ghaTaneya koneyannu sUcisuvudakkAgi marada tudige emba ghaTaka bandide. Adare A ghaTaneyinda siddhavAgiruva sangatiyannu tiLisuva (11kha) vAkyadalli marada tudiyalli embudAgi ondu jAgavannu sUcisuva ghaTaka bandide.
idE rItiyalli (12ka) vAkyadalli ghaTaneya suruvannu sUcisuva bengaLUrininda emba ghaTakavU mattu (12kha) vAkyadalli A ghaTane yinda siddhavAgiruva sangatiya jAgavannu sUcisuva bengaLUrinalli emba ghaTakavU bandiruvudannu kANabahudu. jAgavannu sUcisuvudakkAgi kannaDadalli alli pratyaya baLakeyAgu ttade. hAgAgi, I pratyayavannoLagonDiruva padagaLannu heccina iruvikeya vAkyagaLallU kANabahudu. I pratyaya mAtravallade, suttalU, hattira, hindugaDe modalAda bEre kelavu padagaLU jAgagaLannu sUcisuvudakkAgi intaha iruvikeya vAkyagaLalli bara balluvu. ivu jAgagaLa naDuviruva vayvidhyavannu sUcisuttave. (13ka) avara maneya suttalU muLLina giDagaLive. (13kha) tandeya hattira maganU idda. (13ga) maneya hindugaDe tarakAriya tOTa ide. (13gha) peTTigeya oLage ondu hAvittu.

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3.2.2 samayaghaTakada baLake

jAga mattu jAgadalliruva vyakti, vastu ityAdi embudAgi eraDu ghaTakagaLu mAtravallade iruvikeya samayavannu heccu spaShTavAgi sUcisaballa samaya ghaTakavU iruvikeya vAkyagaLalli baraballudu.
(14ka) ninne rAtri I udyAnadalli ondu huli ittu. (14kha) mAdhavarAyaru Iga klAsinalli iddAre. (14ga) ivattu beLigge A TAnkiyalli svalpa nIrittu. (14gha) mUru vaShragaLa hinde Ata mangaLUrinallidda. (14ka)dalli I udyAna embudAgi ondu jAgavannu sUcisuva ghaTaka mattu ondu huli embudAgi A jAgadalliruva ondu prANiyannu sUcisuva ghaTaka mAtravallade ninne rAtri embudAgi ondu samaya vannu sUcisuva ghaTakavU bandiruvudannu gamanisabahudu. sUcisuva ghaTaka iruvikeya vAkyavondaralli sUcisuva ghaTakavannu baLasadiralU bandideyAdalli, jAgavannu sAdhyavide. jAgakkU samayakkU hattirada sambandhaviruvudE idakke kAraNavirabEku. samayavannu (15ka) nALe rAtri ondu bhArI maduveyide. (15kha) ninne rAtri ondu ondu mITing ittu. (15ga) ivattu mUru ganTege hosa udyAnada udghATaneyide. sAmAnyavAgi intaha vAkyagaLalli obba vyakti illavE vastuvina iravannu sUcisuvudakkintalU ondu ghaTaneya iravannu sUcisalAguttade. ghaTanegaLa iruvikege jAgakkintalU samayavE heccu prAmukhyavAdu dAda kAraNa, ivu ondu niScitavAda samayadalli ghaTaneya iravannu sUcisuva bErondu rItiya vAkyagaLu endU hELalu sAdhyavide.

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3.2.3 iru kriyApadada baLake

viShayavAkyagaLalli vastu, vyakti modalAdavugaLa iravannu sUcisuva kriyApadavannu baLasadiralU sAdhya embudannu mEle 3.1.1ralli nODiruvevu. Adare iruvikeya vAkyagaLalli I rIti iru kriyApadavannu baLasadiruvalli kelavu nibrandhagaLive. sAmAnyavAgi ondu ghaTaneya iravannu sUcisuva iruvikeya vAkyagaLalli mAtravE I rIti iru kriyApadavannu baLasadiralu sAdhya. (16ka) avaralli nALe maduve (ide). (16kha) SAleyalli ivattu parIkShe (ide). vyakti, vastu modalAdavugaLa iravannu sUcisuva vAkyagaLalli I rIti iru kriyApadavannu baLasadiruvudu kaShTa. Adare, intaha eraDu athavA jAsti iruvikeya vAkyagaLannu jODisi hELalAgideyAdalli, avugaLa iru kriyApadavannu baLasadiralu sAdhyavide. (17ka) ondu kayyalli koDe (ide) mattu innondaralli tarakAri (17kha) kONeya naDuve ondu mEju (ide), mEjina mEle kelavu pustakagaLu (ive), mEjina pakkakke ondu kapATu (ide), mattu mEjina keLage ondu sTUlu (ide). (17ga) mAdhavarAyaru klAsinalli (iddAre), mattu huDugarella santeyalli (iddAre).

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3.3 guNavAkyagaLu

guNavAkyagaLalli vyakti, vastu modalAduvannu sUcisuva ondu ghaTaka mattu A ghaTakada guNadharmavondannu sUcisuva innondu ghaTaka ghaTakagaLu baruttave. ivugaLalli embudAgi eraDu mukhya sAmAnyavAgi guNadharmavannu sUcisuva ghaTaka adannu paDediruva vyakti, vastu modalAduvannu sUcisuva ghaTakada anantara baruttade. (18ka) Ace maneya huDuga sappagiddAne. (18kha) I buTTiya haNNugaLu mettagive. (18ga) I giDada nimbEhaNNu bahaLa doDDadAgide. vAkyadallU hIgeyE. I eraDu (18ka) vAkyadalli Ace maneya huDuga embudu obba vyaktiyannU mattu sappage embudu A vyaktiya guNadharmavannU sUcisuttave. vAkyagaLallU guNadharmavannu sUcisuva ghaTaka age pratyayadalli konegoLLuttade embudannu gamanisa bahudu. (18ga) vAkya iveraDakkinta svalpa bhinnavAdudu. idaralli ondu vastuvannu sUcisuva I giDada nimbEhaNNu embudu itara eraDu vAkyagaLalli vyakti illavE vastuvannu sUcisuva ghaTakada hAgeyE ide; Adare, A vastuvina guNadharmavannu sUcisuva bahaLa doDDadAgi emba ghaTaka Agi emba kriyApadarUpadalli konegonDiddu itara eraDu vAkyagaLalli kANisuva guNadharmavannu sUcisuva ghaTakakkinta bhinnavAgide.

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3.3.1 age pratyayada baLake

age pratyayavannu baLasi tayArisiruva padagaLu kannaDadalli jAsti illa. kempage, karrage, beLLage, nuNNage, neTTage, teppage, teLLage, dunDage, beccage, mettage, mellage, sappage modalAdavugaLu I vibhAgakke sErabahudAda padagaLu. (19ka) Akeya makkaLu dunDagiddAre. (19kha) A baTTe bahaLa beLLagide. (19ga) I buTTiya haNNugaLu mettagive. (19gha) tAtana tale nuNNagide. age pratyayadalli konegoLLuva I ghaTakagaLa mundeyU Agi emba kriyArUpavannu baLasi hELalu sAdhyavide. (20ka) Akeya tuTi bahaLa kempagide. (20kha) Akeya tuTi bahaLa kempagAgide. Adare I eraDu vAkyagaLa naDuve arthadalli vyatyAsavideyembudannu gamanisabahudu. (20ka) vAkyakke ‘Akeya tuTi kempu’ emba ondu sangatiyannu tiLisuva artha mAtra ide, Adare (20kha) vAkyakke I artha mAtravallade ‘kempillada tuTi kempAgiruva’ ondu ghaTaneyannu tiLisuva arthavU baralu sAdhyavide.

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3.3.2 Agi kriyArUpada baLake

Agi embudu Agu kriyApadada ‘jODisuva’ rUpa (10.2.4 nODi). intaha jODisuva kriyArUpagaLu sAmAnyavAgi ondu ghaTaneyannu sUcisuva vAkyavannu adara anantara naDeyuva innondu ghaTane illavE sangatiyannu sUcisuva vAkyadondige jODisi hELalu baLakeyAguttave. (21ka) jAnaki nadiyannu dATi haLLiya kaDege naDedaLu. (21kha) Ata baTTegaLannu hinDi oNagalu hAkida. (21ga) kusuma Atana kAlige eNNe hacci tikkidaLu. (21gha) Ata sanghada adhyakShanAgi ondu vaShra mugiyitu. (21ka)dalli dATu kriyApadada jODisuva rUpavAgiruva dATi embudannu baLasalAgide. I rUpada mUlaka (21ka)dalli ‘nadiyannu dATuva’ ghaTaneyannu sUcisuva vAkyavannu adara anantara jaraguva ‘haLLiya kaDege naDeyuva’ ghaTaneyannu sUcisuva vAkyadondige jODisi hELalu sAdhyavAgide. itara eraDu vAkyagaLallU hIgeyE (8.2.3 nODi). Agi emba jODisuva kriyArUpavannU I rIti ondu ghaTane yannu sUcisuva vAkyavannu innondu ghaTane illavE sangatiyannu sUcisuva vAkyadondige jODisuvudakkAgi baLasalu sAdhyavide embudannu mEle (21gha)dalli nODabahudu. idallade, Agi emba kriyArUpavannu guNapadagaLondige sErisi avannu guNavAkyagaLalli sUcisuva ghaTakagaLannAgi badalAyisuvudakkU guNadharmagaLannu baLasalu sAdhyavide embudannu keLagina udAharaNegaLalli kANabahudu. (22ka) A peTTigeyoLagiruva maNigaLella kempAgive. (22kha) A kereya nIru yAvAgalU bisiyAgiruttade. (22ga) gavrIpatiya tangi bahaLa teLuvAgiddALe. (22gha) A kaTTaDa bahaLa ettaravAgide. I mElina vAkyagaLigella eraDu bEre bEre arthagaLu baralu sAdhyavide. udAharaNegAgi, (22ka) vAkyakke ‘A peTTigeyoLagidda maNi gaLu modalu biLi baNNadavAgidduvu, Adare Iga yAvudO kAraNa kkAgi kempAgive’ emba arthavAgali, illavE ‘A peTTigeyoLagiruva maNigaLella kempu baNNadavu’ emba arthavAgali baralu sAdhyavide. I eraDaneya arthadalli Agi kriyArUpada mUlaka biLi guNapadavannu guNadharmavannu sUcisuva ghaTakavannAgi mADalAgide. adakke I baLakeyalli Agu kriyApadavu sUcisaballa ghaTaneyannu tiLisuva artha villa embudannu gamanisabahudu.
itara kriyApadagaLa jODisuva rUpagaLannU I rIti guNadharma vannu sUcisuva ghaTakagaLannAgi baLasuvudara mUlaka guNavAkyagaLannu tayArisalu sAdhyavide. udAharaNegAgi, keLagina vAkyagaLalli baruva jODisuva kriyArUpagaLige eraDu bEre bEre arthagaLiralu sAdhya (23ka) angaDiya bAgilu teredide. (23kha) A kapATina kannaDi oDedittu. (23ga) hosa kucriya kAlu muridide. (23gha) A huli bahaLa hasidide. (23ka) vAkyavu ‘muccikonDidda angaDiya bAgilu Iga teredide’ embudAgi ondu ghaTaneya iravannu tiLisuttirabahudu, illavE ‘angaDiya bAgilu teredide’ embudAgi ondu sangatiya iravannu mAtravE tiLisuttirabahudu. I eraDaneya arthadalli teredu emba jODisuva kriyArUpakke angaDiya bAgilina ondu guNadharmavannu tiLisuva kelasavaShTE iruttade. Adare I rIti jODisuva kriyArUpagaLannu guNadharmavannu sUcisuva ghaTakagaLAgi baLasabEkiddalli, avu hatOTiyallillada ghaTane gaLannu sUcisuttiruvudu avaSya. hatOTiyalliruva ghaTanegaLannu sUcisuva kriyApadagaLannu jODisuva rUpadalli baLasidAgalella avakke ghaTaneya arthavE baruttade. (24ka) rAju angaDiya bAgilannu terediddAne. (24kha) Ake A kapATina kannaDiyannu oDediddALe. (24ga) hosa kucriya kAlannu A nAyi muridide. mEle koTTiruva mUru vAkyagaLigU ghaTaneyannu sUcisuva artha videyallade sangatiyannu sUcisuva arthavilla. kadaluvikeyannu sUcisuva kriyApadagaLa jODisuva rUpagaLU intaha vAkyagaLalli sangatiya arthavannu koDalAravu. udAharaNegAgi, kriyApadadondige kadaluvikeya suru illavE konegaLannu sUcisuva inda mattu ge emba pratyayagaLiruva ghaTakagaLiveyAdalli antaha kriyApadagaLa jODisuva rUpagaLige guNadharmada arthavilla. (25ka) mADininda nIru sOruttittu. (25kha) Akeya kennege masi hiDidittu. idallade, intaha vAkyagaLalli baruva jODisuva kriyArUpagaLu ‘hindina samaya’da kriyArUpagaLAgirabEkemba innondu nibrandhavU iruva hAge tOruttade. Igina illavE mundina samayada kriyA rUpagaLannu iru kriyApadadondige jODisuva kriyArUpadalli baLasidAgalella avakke ghaTaneya artha baruttadallade sangatiya artha baruvudilla. (26ka) angaDiya bAgilu tereyalide. (26kha) angaDiya bAgilu tereyuttA ide. (27ka) A kapATina kannaDi oDeyalide. (27kha) A kapATina kannaDi oDeyuttA ide. mEle koTTiruva vAkyagaLannu ghaTaneyannu sUcisuva kriyAvAkyagaLendu kareyalu sAdhyavideyallade sangatiyannu sUcisuva viShayavAkya illavE guNavAkyagaLendu kareyalu sAdhyavAgadu embudannu gamanisabahudu.

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3.3.3 guNapadagaLa vibhajane

Agi kriyArUpadondige baraballa guNapadagaLannu mUru mukhya vibhAgagaLalli vingaDisalu sAdhyavide.
(ka) avugaLondige guNavAkyagaLalli vyakti, vastu modalAduvannu sUcisuvudakkAgi baruva ghaTakagaLa svarUpavannAdharisi, avanu, avaLu, avaru, adu illavE avu emba savrapadadondige baruva doDDa, kiri, oLLe, takka, haLe modalAdavugaLadu ondu vibhAga. (28ka) A huDuga bahaLa doDDavanAgiddAne. (28kha) rAdhAmaNi bahaLa keTTavaLAgiddaLu. (28ga) I uppinakAyi bahaLa haLeyadAgide. (28gha) vAdirAjara makkaLu doDDavarAgiddaru. (28Ga) nyUyAkrina kaTTaDagaLu atyanta ettaravAgive. mEle koTTiruva savrapadagaLu ondu mattu ondakkinta jAsti (halavu) embudAgi eraDu rItiya vacanabhEdavannu sUcisuttave. idallade, ondakkinta jAsti iddalli manuShyaru mattu itararu embu dAgi eraDu rItiya lingabhEdavannU, mattu ondE iddalli heNNu, ganDu mattu itara embudAgi mUru rItiya lingabhEdavannU sUcisuttave embudannu gamanisabahudu. (kha) samskxtadinda eravalAgi banda prakhyAta, dxDha, prabala, krUra modalAda padagaLu I rIti savrapadagaLondige baruva badalu nu, Lu, vu illavE ru emba pratyayagaLondige baruttave. ivannu eraDaneya vibhAgadalli irisabahudu. (29ka) A huDuga prakhyAtanAgiddAne. (29kha) jAnaki bahaLa gambhIraLAgiddALe. (29ga) allina poೀlIsaru prabalarAgiddaru. (29gha) I kamba dxDhavAgide. mEle koTTiruva pratyayagaLu manuShyEtararalli vacanabhEdavannu sUcisuvudilla. Adare prakhyAtadantaha kelavu padagaLu gaLu emba heccina pratyayada mUlaka vacanabhEdavannU sUcisaballuvu. (30ka) I kampeniya kAru bahaLa prakhyAtavAgide. (30kha) I kampeniya kArugaLu bahaLa prakhyAtagaLAgive. (ga) ellA sandabhragaLallU ondE rUpadalli uLiyuva dappa, gaTTi, udda, kempu, giDDa, tOra, jOru, teLu, bisi modalAda padagaLannu mUraneya vibhAgadalli irisabahudu. (31ka) A huDuga bahaLa teLuvAgiddAne. (31kha) gavrIpatiya tangi uddavAgiddaLu. (31ga) I kereya nIru yAvAgalU bisiyAgiruttade. (31gha) A janara kaNNugaLu kempAgidduvu.

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3.3.4 heccina ghaTakagaLu

guNavAkyagaLalli guNadharmavannu sUcisuva ghaTaka mattu A guNa dharmavannu paDediruva vyakti, vastu modalAduvannu sUcisuva ghaTaka embudAgi eraDu ghaTakagaLu mAtravallade bEreyU kelavu ghaTakagaLu baralu sAdhyavide.
udAharaNegAgi, yAvudakke sambandhisidante obba vyakti illavE ondu vastuvinalli guNadharmavondu kANisuttade embudannu tiLisalu guNavAkyagaLalli alli vibhaktiyalli konegoLLuva ‘jAga’ illavE ‘samaya’vannu sUcisuva ghaTaka baraballudu.
(32ka) A huDugi mAtinalli jOriddALe. (32kha) Ata maneyalli teppagiruttAne. (32ga) cikkandinalli Ake teLLagiddaLu. idE rItiyalli ondu guNadharmada vyAptiyannu sUcisuvudakkAgi ge vibhaktiyalli konegoLLuva ‘kone’ ghaTakavU intaha guNavAkyagaLalli baraballudu.
(33ka) A cUri nanage iShTavAgide. (33kha) I angi avanige doDDadAguttade. (33ga) I marada tunDu nanna kelasakke takkudAgide (33gha) nimma kelasa avarige meccugeyAgide.

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3.3.5 jODi guNapadagaLu

aLate mattu bhavtika guNadharmagaLannu sUcisuva guNapadagaLalli udda- giDDa, agala-sapura, ettara-taggu, dappa-teLu, dUra-hattira, doDDa- cikka modalAda kelavu padagaLu viruddhArthada jODigaLAgi baruttave (4.3.2 nODi). intaha padagaLu guNavAkyagaLalli baruvAga kelavu nibrandhagaLigoLagAguttave. modalaneyadAgi, intaha jODigaLalli baruva eraDu padagaLu ondE guNadharmada eraDu angagaLannu avu eraDu viruddha dikkina lliruvavugaLembudAgi sUcisuttave. udAharaNegAgi, udda mattu giDDa emberaDu guNapadagaLu aLatege sambandhisida ondE guNadharmada eraDu angagaLAgiddu, viruddhArthavannu koDuttave. idallade, intaha guNadharmagaLige ondu vistAra illavE vyApti yiddu, I vyAptiyalli baruva bEre bEre bindugaLannu sUcisuvu dakkAgi svalpa, bahaLa, jAsti, oLLe modalAda padagaLannu I guNapadagaLondige sErisi hELalu sAdhyavide.
udAharaNegAgi, udda-giDDa emberaDu guNapadagaLu sUcisuva guNadharmada vyAptiyalli nAlku bindugaLannu kalpisikoLLalu sAdhyaviddu avannu keLage tOrisida hAge I guNapadagaLondige bahaLa mattu svalpa emba padagaLannu sErisi sUcisalu sAdhyavide. bahaLa udda - svalpa udda - svalpa giDDa - bahaLa giDDa
eraDaneyadAgi, intaha guNapadagaLu sUcisuva guNadharma avu yAva rItiya vyakti, prANi, vastu modalAdavugaLalli kANisikoLLuttave embudannu avalambiside. udAharaNegAgi, ondu Ane eShTE cikka dAdarU atI doDDa iliginta doDDadAgiruttade. (kaTTukategaLalli mAtra idakke apavAdagaLiraballuvu). idallade, intaha guNadharmagaLu avannu kANuva kaNNu, baLasuva sandabhra, anubhavisuva vyakti, modalAdavugaLa mElU avalambisiralu sAdhyavide. udAharaNegAgi, obbanige bisiyAgi kANisuva kAphi innobbanige taNNagAgi kANisabahudu; obbanige khAravAgiruva tinDi innobbanige sappeyAgirabahudu; nODalu cennAgiruva haNNu tinnalu keTTudAgirabahudu; bassinalli hOgalu bahaLa dUravAgiruva jAga vimAnadalli hOgalu bahaLa hattira vAgirabahudu; ityAdi. mUraneyadAgi, guNapadagaLa jODigaLalli sAmAnyavAgi ondu padavu iDI guNadharmavannE sUcisuvantiruttade, mattu innondu A guNadharmada ondu angavannaShTE sUcisuvantiruttade.
udAharaNegAgi, doDDa mattu cikka emberaDu padagaLu sUcisuva aLateya guNadharmavannu doDDa emba ondE padada mUlaka pUtriyAgi sUcisalu sAdhyavide; Adare, cikka emba padada mUlaka adara ondu angavannu mAtravE sUcisalu sAdhya. I vyatyAsavannu keLagina vAkyagaLalli spaShTavAgi kANabahudu. (35ka) avara mane eShTu doDDadu? -adu bahaLa doDDadu. -adu bahaLa cikkadu. (35kha) avara mane eShTu cikkadu? -adu bahaLa cikkadu. -adu (idakkinta) svalpa cikkadu. doDDa emba guNapadavannu baLasiruva (35ka)da kELvige doDDa mattu cikka emba eraDu guNapadagaLannu baLasiyU uttara koDalu sAdhya. Adare, cikka emba padavannu baLasiruva (35kha)da kELvige cikka emba padavannu baLasiruva uttaravannu mAtra koDalu sAdhya.
idallade, I rItiyAgi guNadharmada ondu angavannu mAtravE sUcisaballa guNapadagaLannu kELvigaLalli baLasidAga, avu A guNa dharmakke sambandhisida aLateyeShTembudannu mAtravE kELuva badalu adu eShTara maTTige kaDime embudAgi kELuttave. (36ka) A kOlu eShTu udda ide? (36kha) A kOlu eShTu giDDa ide? udda emba padavannu baLasiruva (36ka) kELvi A kOlina aLate yeShTembudannu mAtravE kELuttide; A kOlu udda irabahudu illavE giDDa irabahudu; Adare, giDDa emba padavannu baLasiruva (36kha)da kELvi adara aLate bEkAddakkinta eShTara maTTige kaDimeyide embudannu kELuttide.
nAlkaneyadAgi, I rIti jODigaLAgi baruva guNapadagaLalli ondu innondara allagaLeyuva rUpakke sama endu hELalu sAdhya vide. I kAraNakkAgi keLage koTTiruvantaha vAkyagaLalli jODiyAgi baruva guNapadagaLannu mAtravE baLasalu sAdhya. (37ka) avanu udda, AkeyU giDDavEnalla. (37kha) avara mane doDDadu, ivaradU cikkadEnalla. (37ga) Ake bahaLa sundari, IkeyU kurUpiyEnalla.

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3.3.6 iru padada baLake

iruvikeya vAkyagaLa hAge guNavAkyagaLallU iru kriyApadada rUpa gaLannu baLasadiralu sAdhyavide. (38ka) A huDugi bahaLa beLLagiddALe. (38kha) A huDugi bahaLa beLLage. (39ka) I emmeya kombu neTTagide. (39kha) I emmeya kombu neTTage. Adare, intaha guNavAkyagaLalli guNapadagaLa munde Agi emba kriyArUpa bandideyAdare, iru padadondige adannU baLasadira bEkAguttade. udAharaNegAgi, keLagina vAkyajODigaLannu gamanisa bahudu. (40ka) I haNNu kempAgide. (40kha) I haNNu kempu. (41ka) Ake A kAkhrAneyalli TaypisTa AgiddALe. (41kha) Ake A kAkhrAneyalli TaypisTa. guNapadada jAgadalli kriyApadagaLa jODisuva rUpa bandide yAdare, antaha guNavAkyagaLalli iru padavannu baLasadiralu sAdhya vAgadu.
(42) angaDiya bAgilu teredide. (42)nE vAkyadalli tere kriyApadada jODisuva rUpa guNapadada jAgadalli bandideyAda kAraNa, I vAkyadinda iru kriyApadavannu tegedu hAkalu sAdhyavAgadu.

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3.3.7 iruvikeya vAkyadondigiruva sambandha

iruvikeya vAkyagaLigU mattu guNavAkyagaLigU naDuve hattirada sambandhavide. obba vyakti illavE ondu vastu ondu jAgadallide embudannu iruvikeya vAkya tiLisuvudAdare, adE sangatiyannu obba vyakti illavE ondu vastu iruvudu ondu jAgada guNadharma embudAgi guNavAkya tiLisaballudu. (43ka) A sAhukAraralli bahaLa haNavide. (43kha) A sAhukAraru bahaLa haNavantarAgiddAre. (43ka)dalli haNa emba vastu sAhukAra emba vyaktiyalli (endare jAgadalli) iruvudannu iruvikeya vAkyada mUlaka sUcisalAgide, mattu adE sangatiyannu (43kha)dalli haNa iruvudu sAhukArara ondu guNadharma embudAgi guNavAkyada mUlaka sUcisalAgide. idallade, guNadharmavondu obba vyakti illavE ondu vastuvina llide embudAgi iruvikeya vAkyada mUlaka tiLisuva badalu, A guNadharma obba vyakti illavE vastuvinadu embudAgi guNavAkyada mUlaka tiLisalu sAdhyavide. (44ka) avaLalli jANmeyide. (44kha) avaLu jANe(yAgiddALe). (45ka) A huDuganalli bahaLa tunTatanavide. (45kha) A huDuga bahaLa tunTa(nAgiddAne). iruvikeya vAkya mattu guNavAkyagaLa naDuve intaha sambandha samskxtadinda kannaDakke eravalAgi bandiruva padagaLa baLakeyallE heccAgi kANisikoLLuttade. idakke keLagina kelavu udAharaNegaLannu koDabahudu. (46ka) AcAryaru gambhIrarAgiddAre. (46kha) AcAryaralli gAmbhIryavide. (47ka) avanu bahaLa nipuNanAgiddAne. (47kha) avanalli bahaLa naypuNyavide. (48ka) Atanu kxtaghnanAgiddAne. (48kha) Atanalli kxtaghnateyide.

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3.4 sambandha vAkyagaLu

itara eraDu viShayavAkyagaLa hAge sambandha vAkyagaLallU mukhyavAgi eraDu ghaTakagaLiruttave. vyakti, vastu modalAduvannu sUcisuva ghaTaka vondu, mattu avakke sambandhisiruva vyakti, vastu modalAduvannu sUcisuva ghaTaka innondu. ivugaLalli modalaneyadu ge emba vibhakti pratyayadondige baruttade. (49ka) manOharanige Aru mandi huDugiyariddAre. (49kha) A mudukanige nUru muDi gaddeyide. (49ga) I pustakakke kempu baNNada taTTiyide. (49gha) puNe nagarakkondu kAprarESan ide. (49ka)dalli manOharanige emba modalaneya ghaTaka obba vyaktiyannU mattu Aru mandi huDugiyaru emba eraDaneya ghaTaka A vyaktige sambandhisiruva vyaktigaLannU (avara parimANavannU) tiLisuttave. ge pratyayakke ghaTaneyannu sUcisuva kriyAvAkyagaLalli ghaTaneya koneyannu sUcisuva arthavideyembudannu nAvu hinde 2.2ralli nODiruvevu. sambandhavAkyagaLallU idakke ondu sambandhada ‘kone’ yannu, endare A sambandha elli hOgi nelesuvudO antaha vyakti, vastu, modalAduvannu sUcisuva arthavideyendu hELalu sAdhyavide. Adare illi kriyAvAkyagaLalli kANisuva hAge I pratyayakke kadaluva arthavilla (2.5.3 nODi).

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3.4.1 heccina ghaTakagaLu

sambandha vAkyagaLalli mEle sUcisida eraDu ghaTakagaLu mAtravallade bEre kelavu ghaTakagaLU baraballuvu. udAharaNegAgi, obba vyaktiyalli kANisuva guNadharmakke ondu vyAptiyideyAdalli adannu sUcisuvu dakkAgi mUraneya ghaTakavondu antaha vAkyagaLalli baraballudu. idu jAga ghaTakada rUpadalliruttade. (50ka) Akege I sIreya mEle Aseyide. (50kha) avanige tanna kelasadalli Sraddheyide. (50ga) jAnakige SrIhariya mEle kOpavide. (50gha) A huDuganige ATadalli mAtra utsAhavide. idallade, sambandhisuva vyakti, vastu modalAdavugaLa jAga mattu samayagaLannu sUcisuva mukhyavallada ghaTakagaLU intaha vAkyagaLalli baraballuvu. (51ka) avarige ivattu ondu mITing ide. (51kha) huDugarige nALe SAlege rajeyide.

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3.5 sArAmSa

bEre bEre rItiya sangatigaLannu tiLisuvudakkAgi kannaDadalli mukhyavAgi mUru rItiya viShayavAkyagaLa baLakeyAguttade. jAgavondaralli vyakti, vastu modalAdavugaLa iruvikeyannu tiLisuva ‘iruvikeya vAkyagaLu’, vyakti, vastu modalAdavugaLa guNadharmavannu tiLisuva ‘guNavAkyagaLu’, mattu vyakti, vastu, guNadharma modalAdavugaLalli ondu innonda roDane sambandhisiruvudannu tiLisuva ‘sambandha vAkyagaLu’ embudAgi ivannu mUru mukhya gumpugaLalli vingaDisabahudu. I ellA vAkyagaLallU iru emba ondE kriyApada baruttade. intaha vAkyagaLalli halavannu iru kriyApadavilladeyU baLasalu sAdhya intaha heccina vAkyagaLallU eraDu mukhya ghaTakagaLu bandiruttave. avugaLondige kelavu amukhya ghaTakagaLU baraballuvu.
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adhyAya nAlku — nAmapadagaLa kantegaLu

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4.1 padagaLu mattu padakantegaLu

nAmapadagaLa maTTige pada mattu padakante embudAgi eraDu maTTagaLalli baruva ghaTakagaLannu kalpisikoLLuva avaSyakateyide. mara embudondu nAmapada, mattu doDDa mara embudondu nAma padakante. I eraDu rItiya ghaTakagaLa naDuve entaha vyatyAsagaLella ive, mattu vAkyagaLalli avugaLa baLake hEge naDeyuttade embudannu I adhyAyadalli pariSIlisaliruvevu. mara emba nAmapadakke oLaracaneyembudilla. adara tayArikeyalli m, a, r, mattu a emba nAlku varNagaLannu baLasalAgideyAdarU adakkiruva arthavannu I varNagaLinda nEravAgi paDeyalu sAdhyavilla. A nAmapadakkondu svarUpavannu koDuvudu mattu uLida nAmapada gaLinda adu bErAgi nilluvante mADuvudu emba I eraDu kArya gaLannu mAtra adaralli baruva varNagaLu naDesaballuvu. adara artha Enu embudu yAva arthadalli adu rUDhige bandide emba viShayada mEle mAtravE avalambiside. Adare doDDa mara emba nAmapadakante idakkinta tIra bhinna vAdudu. adakke doDDa mattu mara emba eraDu padagaLa kUDike yinda tayArAda arthaviruva oLaracaneyide. adara angagaLAgi bandiruva doDDa mattu mara emba eraDu padagaLige mAtra bariya varNagaLa kUDikeyinda tayArAda arthavilladiruva oLaracaneyide.
tayArikege nAmapadagaLallU kelavannu bEre padagaLa illavE bEre pada mattu pratyayagaLa kUDikeya mUlaka tayArisiruvudannu kANabahudu. Adare, avugaLigiruva I oLaracane avugaLa mAtra sambandhisiddallade nEravAgi avugaLa arthakke illavE baLakege sambandhisiddalla.
udAharaNegAgi, karihalage emba nAmapadavannu kari mattu halage emba eraDu padagaLa kUDikeya mUlaka tayArisalAgide. Adare, I padagaLige mattu avugaLa kUDikegiruva arthada mEle karihalage emba nAmapadada artha nintilla embudannu gamanisabahudu. baLakeyalli karihalage emba pada kappallada vastuvannU sUcisaballudu (karihalage yondakke nIli baNNa koTTiralu sAdhyavide) mattu halageyallada vastu vondannU sUcisaballudu (gODeya ondu bhAgakke baNNa koTTu adannu karihalage endu karediralU sAdhyavide).
nAmapada mattu nAmapadakantegaLa naDuviruva I vyatyAsada AdhArada mEle vAkyaracaneya maTTige avu eraDu ‘maTTa’gaLalli baru ttave endu hELalu sAdhyavAguttade. Adare intaha vyatyAsa vAkyagaLalli baruva itara padagaLa baLakeyalli kANisuvudilla. udAharaNegAgi, kriyApadagaLa baLakeyalli illavE guNapadagaLa baLakeyalli I rIti padagaLu mattu padakantegaLu embudAgi eraDu rItiya ghaTakagaLu kANisuvudilla. idakke keLage 4.1.1ralli sUcisiruva hAge ondu mukhya vAda kAraNavU ide.

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4.1.1 vyatyAsada avaSyakate

vAkyagaLalli baruva nAmapada, kriyApada mattu guNapadagaLige bEre bEre kelasagaLive. kriyApadagaLu ondu ghaTaneyannu sUcisalu baLake yAguttave, mattu nAmapadagaLu antaha ghaTaneyalli toDagikonDi ruva vyakti, prANi, vastu, viShaya modalAduvannu gurutisalu baLake yAguttave. udAharaNegAgi keLagina vAkyavannu gamanisabahudu. jAnaki bassinalli bengaLUrige hOgiddALe. (1)nE vAkyadalli hOgu emba kriyApada ondu ghaTaneyannu sUcisu ttade, mattu adarondige bandiruva jAnaki, bassu mattu mUru gurutisuva ghaTaneyalli nAmapadagaLu A bengaLUru emba toDagikonDiruva vyakti, vastu mattu jAgagaLannu gurutisuttave.
I rIti bEre bEre ghaTane illavE sangatigaLannu tiLisuvalli nAvu gurutisabEkAguva vyakti, vastu, viShaya modalAdavugaLa sankhye namma bhASheyalliruva nAmapadagaLa sankhyeginta eShTO pAlu heccinadAgide. kelasadalli hAgAgi, vyakti, vastu modalAduvannu ‘hesarisuvudu’ mattu ‘varNisuvudu’ embudAgi eraDu vidhAnagaLannu baLasuva avaSyakateyide, mattu idakkAgi vAkyagaLalli nAmapadagaLu mattu nAmapadakantegaLu embudAgi eraDu rItiya ghaTakagaLannu baLasuva avaSyakateyide. udAharaNegAgi, ondu kADinalli lakShagaTTale maragaLirabahudu. ivugaLalli kelavannu gurutisalu mAvu, halasu, huNise, gEru, modalAda hesarisuva nAmapadagaLannu baLasaballevu. Adare bEre halavu maragaLige hesarE illadirabahudu. athavA hesariddarU adu namage tiLidilladirabahudu. intaha sandabhragaLalli avannu gurutisi avugaLa varNaneyondannu baLasuvudE dAri. mattu intaha varNanegaLigAgi nAmapadagaLa badalu nAmapadakante gaLannu baLasabEkAguttade. kuritu EnAdarU hELabEkiddalli (2) I udda eleya giDavannu muTTidare kay turisuttade. (2)nE vAkyadalli viSiShTavAda giDavondannu adara hesarEnendu tiLidilla vAda kAraNa udda eleya giDa emba nAmapadakanteya mUlaka varNisi gurutisalAgide.
idallade, maragaLalli pratiyondakkU halavu upabhEdagaLiddu, avannella bEre bErAgi gurutisi hELalu hesarugaLiruvudilla. namage jAsti upayOgakke baruva mAvu, halasu modalAda kelavu jAti yavugaLalli mAtra I rIti upabhEdagaLige avugaLadE Ada hesaruga Live. itara jAtiya maragaLalli upabhEdagaLannu gurutisabEkiddalli varNanegaLannE baLasabEkAguttade.
idallade, manuShyarigiruva hAge heccina mara-giDagaLigU ankita nAmagaLillavAda kAraNa, avugaLalli yAvudAdarU ondannu uLidavu gaLinda pratyEkisi gurutisabEkAdAgalU varNanegaLannE baLasabEkAgu nammallina nIlam giDadalli mUraneya vaShrakkE haNNAgide. (3)nE vAkyadalli ondu nirdiShTavAda giDavannu, adakke ankitanAma villavAda kAraNa, nammallina nIlam giDa emba nAmapadakanteya mUlaka varNisi gurutisabEkAgide.

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4.1.2 kriyApada mattu guNapadagaLu

nAmapadagaLu naDesabEkAgiruva I ‘gurutisuva’ kelasakkinta kriyA padagaLu naDesabEkAgiruva ‘sUcisuva’ kelasa tIra bhinnavAdudu. avu ghaTaneyondannu sUcisuvudu mAtravallade adu innobbarige tiLiyu vante mADuvudu, adara viShayavAgi innobbarinda heccina sangati gaLannu kELi tiLidukoLLuvudu, innobbara mUlaka antaha ghaTaneyannu mADisikoLLuvudu, adara viShayavAgi beragannu sUcisuvudu, moda lAda bEre bEre mAtina kelasagaLalli A ghaTaneyannu toDagisabEkAgu intaha kelasagaLannu naDesuvudakkAgi kriyApadagaLalli bEreyE kelavu guNadharmagaLu kANisikoLLuttave. ghaTaneya samaya, ghaTaneyalli toDagikonDiruva vyakti, ghaTaneya svarUpa modalAduvannu sUcisuva pratyayagaLu adarondige baruttave, mattu entaha mAtina kelasadalli A ghaTaneyannu toDagisalAgide embudannu sUcisuva pada illavE pratyayagaLU adarondige baruttave.
huDuganannu SAlege sEriside. mElina vAkyadalli bandiruva sEru kriyApadadondige adu sUcisuva ghaTaneyannu innobba vyaktiya (huDugana) mUlaka naDesalAgide embudannu sUcisuva isu pratyayavU, A ghaTane (4)nE vAkyavannu ADiruva samayakkinta modalE naDedudembudannu sUcisuva id pratyayavU mattu A ghaTaneyannu innobba vyaktiya mUlaka naDesidavanu (4)nE vAkyada ADuganembudannu sUcisuva e pratyayavU bandiruvudannu kANabahudu. Adare nAmapadagaLa baLakeyalli kANisuvantaha hesarisuvudu mattu varNisuvudu emba eraDu vidhAnagaLige kriyApadagaLa baLakeyalli yAva sthAnavU illavAda kAraNa, padagaLa mattu padakantegaLa naDu viruva vyatyAsa avugaLa racaneyalli kANisuvudilla.
vAkyagaLalli guNapadagaLu naDesabEkAgiruva kelasavU nAmapada mattu kriyApadagaLu naDesabEkAgiruva kelasagaLiginta tIra bhinnavAdudu. avugaLalli nAmapadagaLondige baruvavugaLu, kriyApadagaLondige baruvavugaLu mattu guNapadagaLondige baruvavugaLu embudAgi mUru vidhadavugaLiddu, ivakke mUru bEre bEre kelasagaLive. nAma padagaLondige baruva guNapadagaLu nAmapadakantegaLa tayArikeyalli baLakeyAguttave mattu hosa hosa nAmapadagaLa tayArikeyallU baLakeyAguttave. kriyApadagaLondige baruva guNapadagaLu kriyApadagaLu sUcisuva ghaTaneya kuritAgi illavE adaralli toDagikonDiruva vyakti, vastu, viShaya modalAdavugaLa kuritAgi EnAdarU tiLisalu baLakeyAguttiddu avu sUcisuva guNadharmagaLu nAmapadagaLondige baruva guNa padagaLu sUcisuva guNadharmagaLiginta bhinnavAgive embudannu munde nODaliruvevu.
guNapadagaLondige baruva guNapadagaLu avugaLa pramANa, vyApti modalAduvannu sUcisuttave. I mUru rItiya guNapadagaLa baLake yallU hesarisuvudu mattu varNisuvudu emba vidhAnagaLa avaSyakate yillavAda kAraNa avugaLa racaneyallU pada mattu padakantegaLa naDuviruva vyatyAsa kANisikoLLuvudilla.

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4.2 gurutisuva vidhAnagaLu

vAkyavondaralli kriyApadada mUlaka ghaTaneyondannu sUcisuvAga lella sAmAnyavAgi A ghaTaneyalli toDagikonDiruva vyakti, vastu, viShaya modalAduvannu gurutisikoDuva avaSyakateyiruttade. udA haraNegAgi koDu kriyApadavannu ondu vAkyadalli baLasuvudiddalli yAru yArige Enannu koTTaru embudannu tiLisuvudakkAgi ibbaru vyaktigaLannU mattu ondu vastuvannU gurutisikoDabEkAguttade. rAju jAnakige ondu pustaka koTTa. vyakti, vastu modalAduvannu I rIti gurutisuvudakkAgi nAvu vAkya gaLalli nAmapadagaLannu illavE nAmapadakantegaLannu baLasuttEve. mElina vAkyadalli vyaktigaLibbarannu gurutisalu rAju mattu jAnaki emba eraDu nAmapadagaLannU mattu vastuvondannu gurutisalu ondu pustaka emba nAmapadakanteyannU baLasalAgide. sAmAnyavAgi nAmapadagaLa mUlaka vyakti, vastu modalAdavu gaLannu hesarisi gurutisuttEve mattu nAmapadakantegaLa mUlaka varNisi gurutisuttEve. hesarisuva nAmapadagaLu mEle (5)nE vAkya dalli kANisuvante ankitanAmagaLirabahudu illavE keLage (6)nE vAkya dalli kANisuvante rUDhanAmagaLirabahudu.
nAyige bedarida bekku marakke hattitu. I (6)nE vAkyadalli nAyi mattu bekku emba eraDu rUDhanAmagaLu eraDu prANigaLannU mattu mara emba innondu rUDhanAma ondu vastuvannU hesarisuttive.

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4.2.1 hesarisuvudu mattu varNisuvudu

mEle sUcisida hAge, vyakti, vastu modalAduvannu gurutisuvudakkAgi hesarisuvudu mattu varNisuvudu embudAgi eraDu rItiya vidhAna gaLannu baLasalu sAdhyavide. gurutisabEkAgiruva vyakti illavE vastuvige adaradE Ada hesarideyAdalli (endare ankitanAma illavE rUDha nAmavideyAdalli) adannu baLasuvudara mUlaka nAvu A vyakti illavE vastuvannu gurutisaballevu.
Adare mEle vivarisidante ellA rItiya vyakti illavE vastugaLigU avugaLadE Ada hesarugaLiruvudilla. yAkendare, I rIti vyakti, vastu modalAduvannu hesarisuvudakkAgi nAvu baLasabahudAda mattu nenapi nalliTTukoLLabahudAda nAmapadagaLa sankhyege ondu parimitiyide.
Adare mAtinalli nAvu gurutisabEkAguva vyakti, vastu, modalA davugaLige mattu avugaLalli kANisuva vayvidhyategaLige parimitiyilla. hAgAgi, ellA sandabhragaLallU nammedurigiruva vyakti illavE vastu vannu hesarisuva vidhAnada mUlaka gurutisalu sAdhyavAgadu.
idallade, halavu sandabhragaLalli obba vyakti illavE vastuvina hesaru namage tiLididdarU namma kELugarige adu tiLidilladiralu sAdhyavide. bEre kelavu sandabhragaLalli adannu nAvE maretiralu sAdhyavide. intaha sandabhragaLallU hesarisuvudu emba modalaneya vidhAnada badalu varNisuvudu emba eraDaneya vidhAnavannu baLasabEkAguttade. I eraDu vidhAnagaLa baLakeyannu keLagina vAkyagaLalli kANabahudu. rAju ivattu SAlege hOgalilla. (7kha) pakkada maneya huDuga ivattu SAlege hOgalilla. sapoೀTa bahaLa ruciyAgide. (8kha) rAju koTTa I haNNu bahaLa ruciyAgide. hesarisuva (7ka)dalli SAlege hOgada vyaktiyannu gurutisalu hesarisuva vidhAna vannu baLasalAgide mattu (7kha)dalli adE vyaktiyannu gurutisalu varNisuva vidhAnavannu baLasalAgide. idE rItiyalli ruciyAgiruva ondu vastuvannu gurutisalu (8ka)dalli hesarisuva vidhAnavannU mattu (8kha)dalli varNisuva vidhAnavannU baLasalAgide. hesarisuva vidhAnadalli rUDhanAma mattu ankitanAma embudAgi eraDu rItiya hesarugaLannu baLasalu sAdhyavide embudannU mElina udAharaNegaLalli kANabahudu. (7ka)dalli hesarisuvudakkAgi ankita nAmada baLakeyAgideyAdare, (8ka)dalli rUDhanAmada baLakeyAgide.
ankitanAmagaLu avu modalAdavugaLige mattu rUDhanAmagaLu antahavugaLigella ondE bArige sambandhitavAguttave embudE I eraDu rItiya hesarugaLa naDuviruva mukhya vyatyAsa. udAharaNegAgi, ondE Urinalli halavu mandi rAmu emba ankitanAmaviruva vyaktigaLiralu sAdhyavide. Adare ivaralli prati yobbanigU bEre bEre sandabhragaLalli bEre bEre janaru I hesarannu koTTiruttAre. idallade, hesaru ondE AdarU adara mUlaka gurutisa lAguva I vyaktigaLa naDuve yAva sAmyateyU irabEkAgilla.
rUDhanAmada baLake idakkinta tIra bhinnavAdudu. udAharaNegAgi, baDagi emba rUDhanAmaviruva vyaktigaLu ondu Uralli obbariginta jAsti iralu sAdhyavide. Adare intaha vyaktigaLannella I hesarina mUlaka gurutisuva nirdhAravannu kannaDa bhASheyannADuva samAjadalli yAvA galO omme mADirabEku.
vastu, sambandhitavAguttave, bErAgi vyakti, bEre A nirdhArada phalavAgi Avattu jIvisuttidda kelavu viSiShTa vyaktigaLu (tamma kasubAgi marada kelasa mADuvavaru) mAtravallade munde jIvisaliruva mattu adakkinta hinde jIvisuttidda antaha itara ellA vyaktigaLannU A pada hesarisuvantAgirabEku.
A pada hesarisuva vyaktigaLoLagU avarella ondE rItiya (marada kelasa mADuva) vxttiyavarembudAgi ondu rItiya sAmyavU ide (heccina vivaragaLige (bhaT 2002:80) nODi).

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4.2.2 hosa mattu haLe gurutisuvikegaLu

obba vyakti illavE ondu vastuvannu gurutisuvudakkAgi rUDhanAma vondannu baLasuvudiddalli, A vyakti illavE vastu kELuganige paricita vAgideyE athavA illavE emba viShayada AdhArada mEle hosatu mattu haLeyadu embudAgi eraDu rItiya gurutisuvikegaLannu baLasalu sAdhyavide. udAharaNegAgi keLagina vAkyagaLannu nODabahudu. (9ka) Ake rAjuvige ondu pustaka koTTiddaLu, mattu ninne rAtri yella Ata A pustaka Oduttidda. (9kha) Ake rAjuvige ondu pustaka koTTiddaLu, mattu ninne rAtriyella Ata ondu pustaka Oduttidda. (9ka) vAkyada prakAra, Ake rAjuvige koTTidda pustaka mattu rAju rAtriyella Oduttidda pustaka iveraDU ondE. Adare (9kha) vAkyada prakAra avanu rAtriyella Oduttidda pustaka Ake koTTidda pustakakkinta bErAgiralu sAdhyavide. I vyatyAsakke (9ka)dalli eraDaneya bArige ondu pustaka embudara badalu A pustaka embudannu baLasiruvudu mattu (9kha)dalli eraDu bAriyU ondu pustaka embudannE baLasiruvudu kAraNa.
I vAkyagaLalli ondu pustaka embudu ondu vastuvannu hosa dAgi gurutisi hELalu baLakeyAguttade. idakke badalu A pustaka embudu idakke modalE gurutisiruvantaha vastuvannE innomme gurutisi hELuvudakkAgi baLakeyAguttade. hAgAgi, modalaneyadu ‘hosa gurutisuvike’yannU mattu eraDaneyadu ‘haLe gurutisuvike’ yannU naDesuttave endu hELabahudu. A pustaka embudU kelavu sandabhragaLalli hosa gurutisuvike yannE mADaballudu. udAharaNegAgi ADuganu tanna edurinalliruva ondu pustakavannu beraLininda tOrisuttA keLagina vAkyavannu ADiruva nAdare adaralli bandiruva A pustaka embudakke hosa gurutisuvikeya artha baruttade. (10) A pustakavannu nimage yAru koTTaru? kannaDadalli sAmAnyavAgi haLe gurutisuvikeyannu sUcisalu viSiShTa vAda sAdhanavEnU bEkAguvudilla. nAmapadagaLannu hAgeyE baLasi dAgalella avu haLe gurutisuvikeyannE mADuttave. gurutisuvike hosa dendu sUcisabEkAgiruvAga mAtra adakkAgi hesarinondige ondu illavE obba embudannu (athavA eraDu, mUru modalAda bEre eNikeya padagaLannu) baLasabEkAguttade. kelavu, svalpa modalAda aLateya padagaLannU I kAryakkAgi baLasalu sAdhyavide. idallade, omme gurutisiruva vyakti illavE vastuvannE innomme gurutisi hELabEkAgiruvAga adannu sUcisuva nAmapada illavE nAmapadakanteyannu hAgeyE innomme baLasuva badalu pratinAma illavE savrapadavondannu baLasuva sAdhyateyU ide. (11ka) biLi hakki kappu hakkiyannu tanna gUDininda horage (11kha) nAvu hariya viShaya mAtanADuttiddAga avanE nammeduru bandu ninta. vyakti (11ka)dalli biLi hakkiyannu puna: eraDaneya bArige gurutisalu tanna emba pratinAmavannU mattu (11kha)dalli hariyannu eraDaneya bArige gurutisalu avanE emba savrapadavannU baLasalAgide. gurutisuvike vastuvina haLeyadendenisalu adannu idakke modalE mAtinalli gurutisiruvudu ondu kAraNa. mAtina sandabhradalli kELuganige bariya hesarina baLakeyindalE yArannu illavE yAvudannu gurutisalAguttideyendu gottAguvante iddallU adannu haLeya gurutisuvikeyendu kareyalu sAdhyavide.
illavE ondu (12ka) nAvu snAnakke kerege hOgONa. (12kha) nAvu snAnakke ondu kerege hOgONa. Uralli kere ondE ideyAdare kere endiShTE hELidare sAku, A pada yAvudannu gurutisuttade embudu kELuganige tiLiyuttade. Adare eraDu athavA jAsti keregaLiveyAdalli avugaLallondannu gurutisalu ondu kere embudAgi padakanteyodannu baLasabEkAguttade.

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4.2.3 tiLida mattu tiLiyada gurutisuvikegaLu

gurutisabEkAgiruva vyakti illavE vastu intahadE embudAgi ADuganige tiLidillavAdalli athavA adannu tiLisuva bayake avanigilla vAdalli kelavu viSiShTavAda savrapadagaLannu baLasuvudara mUlaka avannu A rIti tiLiyada vyakti illavE vastuvembudAgi gurutisi hELalu sAdhyavide. keLagina vAkyagaLalli intaha tiLiyada vyakti illavE vastuvina gurutisuvikegaLu bandiruvudannu kANabahudu. (13ka) ninne rAtri nammallige yAvanO obba muduka bandidda. (13kha) avanu A huDugige yAvudO ondu pustaka koTTidda. (13ga) A muduki haNavannu illellO aDagisiTTiddALe. (13gha) avanu A huDugarige EnO koTTidda. hindina divasa tanna manege banda muduka yAru embudu sariyAgi tiLiyadiddalli illavE adannu tiLisuva bayakeyilladiddalli Atanannu gurutisi hELalu (13ka)dalli kANisidante yAvanO emba savra padavannu baLasalu sAdhyavide. idE rItiyalli yAvudO, ellO mattu EnO emba savrapadagaLa baLakeyannu (13kha-gha) vAkyagaLalli kANabahudu (intaha savrapadagaLa baLakeya kuritAgi jAsti vivara gaLannu (bhaT 2003:159)ralli nODabahudu).

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4.2.4 gurutisada nAmapadagaLu

kelavu sandabhragaLalli nAmapadagaLannu illavE nAmapadakantegaLannu viSiShTavAda vyakti illavE vastuvannu gurutisuvudakkAgi baLasuva badalu avu sUcisuva viShayavannu mAtravE tiLisuvudakkAgiyU baLasalu sAdhyavide. udAharaNegAgi keLagina vAkyagaLannu gamanisabahudu. (14) nAnu ondu emmeyannu konDukoLLabEkendiddEne. (14)ralli ondu emme emba nAmapadakante eraDu arthagaLalli bandiralu sAdhyavide. yAva emmeyannu konDukoLLuvudembudannu (14)ra ADuga AgalE nirdharisiruvanAdare, ondu emme embudu A emmeyannu gurutisuttirabahudu. Adare AtaninnU hAge nirdharisillavA dalli adu yAvudondu viSiShTavAda emmeyannU gurutisadiralu sAdhyavide. idallade bEre kelavu sAmAnya sangatigaLannu tiLisuva vAkyagaLallU nAmapada illave nAmapadakantegaLu gurutisuva kelasavannu mADadiralu sAdhyavide. udAharaNegAgi keLagina vAkyagaLannu gamanisabahudu. (15ka) taDavAgi baruva huDugarige tinDiyilla. (15kha) hosa akki bEyisalu nIru svalpa kaDime hAkabEku. (15ga) huli hattira baruvAga kOti eccarike koDuttade. mElina vAkyagaLalli huDuga, tinDi, hosa akki, nIru, huli mattu kOti emba nAmapadagaLu yAvudE ondu viSiShTavAda vyakti illavE vastuvannu gurutisadiralu sAdhyavide. sAmAnyavAgi ondu nAmapada illavE nAmapadakanteyannu ondu vAkyadalli gurutisuvudakkAgi baLasa lAgideyE athavA illavE embudu A vAkyavannu yAva uddESadalli baLasalAgide embudannu avalambiside.

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4.3 varNisuva nAmapadakantegaLu

vyakti, vastu modalAduvannu gurutisuvudakkAgi varNisuva vidhAnavannu baLasuvudiddalli, adakkAgi bEre bEre rItiya nAmapadakantegaLannu tayArisikoLLabEkAguttade. ivu kELugarige gurutisabEkAgiruva vyakti, vastu modalAdavugaLa varNanegaLannu koDuttave.
intaha nAmapadakantegaLalli nAmapadakke guNapadavondannu sErisi tayArisidantahavugaLu atyanta prAmukhyavAdavugaLu. ivugaLalli baruva guNapadagaLu nAmapadagaLu hesarisuva vyakti illavE vastuvina guNa dharmavondannu sUcisuva mUlaka avugaLa vyAptiyannu kaDime mADuttave. udAharaNegAgi keLagina eraDu vAkyagaLannu gamanisa bahudu. (16ka) nanage ondu hU bEkAgittu. (16kha) nanage ondu kempu hU bEkAgittu. ADuganige bEkAgiruva vastuvannu (16ka)dalli hU emba ondu nAmapadada mUlakavU mattu (16kha)dalli A nAmapadadondige kempu guNapadavannu sErisi tayArisida kempu hU emba nAmapada kanteya mUlakavU gurutisalAgide.
(16kha)dalli hU nAmapadadondige kempu guNapadavannu baLasi dudarindAgi A padada vyApti (endare adu hesarisabahudAda vastugaLa sankhye) kaDimeyAgide, mattu idarindAgi ADuganige entaha vastu bEkAgide embudannu nirdharisuva kelasa sulabhavAgide. nAmapadadondige hosadondu sErisi guNapadavondannu nAmapadavannE tayArisalU sAdhyavide. mEle (4.1)ralli sUcisida hAge halage nAmapadakke kari guNapadavannu sErisi tayArisida karihalage embudu bariya ondu nAmapada (jODupada)vallade nAmapada kanteyalla. I rIti nAmapadavondakke guNapadavannu sErisi tayArisida jODupadakkU mattu antahadE vidhAnavannu baLasi tayArisida nAmapadakantegU naDuve halavu vyatyAsagaLiveyembudannu munde (4.3.1)ralli nODaliruvevu. mAtravallade eNikeyannu nAmapadadondige sUcisuva ondu, eraDu, mUru modalAda padagaLannU, eNikeyalli obba vyaktiya illavE ondu vastuvina jAgavannu sUcisuva modala neya, eraDaneya, mUraneya modalAda padagaLannU, mattu nAmapadavu gurutisuva vastuvina aLateyannu sUcisuva kaTTu, hore, ke.ji., hiDi modalAda padagaLannU baLasalu sAdhyavide. guNapadagaLannu (17ka) mUru vaShragaLalli Ata aydu pustaka bareda. (17kha) mUraneya pustakavannu ninne baredu mugiside. (17ga) ondu hiDi akkige eraDu hiDi maraLu sErisiddAre. ondu nAmapadadondige innondu nAmapadavannu sErisiyU nAmapadakanteyondannu tayArisalu sAdhyavide. Adare idakkAgi averaDara naDuve avannu sambandhisuva a pratyayavannu baLasuva avaSyakateyide. marada kAlu, maNNina koDa, rAjuvina tale, danada bAla modalAda nAmapadakantegaLannu I vidhAnakke udAharaNegaLannAgi koDabahudu. idallade, ondu iDI vAkyavannE nAmapadadondige irisi adannu ondu nAmapadakanteyannAgi mADi hELalu sAdhyavide. idakkAgi A vAkyadondige emba illavE ennuva emba padavannu baLasabEkAga bahudu, illavE A vAkyadalli bEre kelavu rItiya badalAvaNegaLannu mADikoLLabEkAgabahudu.
(18ka) avanu ivattu baruttAne emba sangati yArigU tiLiyadu. (18kha) avanu ivattu baruva sangati yArigU tiLiyadu. (18ga) avana ivattina baruvike yArigU tiLiyadu. avanu ivattu baruttAne emba vAkyakke (18ka)dalli emba emba padavannu sErisalAgide mattu (18kha-ga)gaLalli A vAkyavannu avanu ivattu baruva mattu avana ivattina baruvike embudAgi badalA yisalAgide. I rIti vAkyagaLannu ondu padakanteya angavannAgi mADi hELuva vidhAnagaLu yAvuvu embudannu munde ELaneya adhyAya dalli vivarisalAguvudu.

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4.3.1 padakantegaLu mattu jODupadagaLu

mEle sUcisiruva hAge, nAmapadakke ondu guNapadavannu (illavE eNikeya padavannu athavA bErondu nAmapadavannu) sErisi nAmapadakantegaLannU tayArisabahudu illavE bErondu hosatAda nAmapadavannU tayArisabahudu. ivugaLalli eraDaneya vidhAnada mUlaka tayArAguva nAmapadakke ‘jODupada’ endu hesaru. udA haraNegAgi, huDugi nAmapadakke cikka guNapadavannu sErisi tayArisida cikka huDugi embudu ondu nAmapadakante, mattu amma nAma padakke adE guNapadavannu sErisi tayArisida cikkamma embudondu jODupada. ondu padakke innondu padavannu sErisi ondu hosatAda nAmapada(jODupada)vannu tayArisuvudu bhASheyalli naDeyuva ondu cAritrika ghaTane. idara mUlaka bhASheyalli ondu hosatA giruva padavE tayArAguttade. Adare, ondu padakke innondu pada vannu sErisi padakanteyondannu tayArisuvudu antaha cAritrika ghaTaneyEnalla. adu A bhASheyalliruva padagaLa baLake mAtra.
I eraDu vidhAnagaLa naDuviruva mukhya vyatyAsavEnendare, padakantegaLa tayArikeyalli vAkyaracaneya niyamagaLu baLakeyAguttave, mattu jODupadagaLa tayArikeyalli padaracaneya niyamagaLu baLake yAguttave. idallade, padakantegaLa arthavannu nEravAgi avugaLa angagaLAgi bandiruva padagaLa arthadinda paDeyalu sAdhyavide, Adare jODupada gaLa arthavannu heccina sandabhragaLallU A rIti nEravAgi avugaLa angagaLAgi bandiruva padagaLa arthadinda paDeyalu sAdhyavAgadu. jODupadagaLa arthavEnu embudannu tiLidukoLLuvalli avugaLa angagaLu svalpa sahAyavannu mAtravE odagisaballuvu.
udAharaNegAgi, cikka huDugi emba padakante yAva rItiyalli bEkiddarU cikkavaLAgi kANisuva huDugiyobbaLannu gurutisaballudu. Adare cikkamma emba jODupada tAyiya tangiyannu mAtra gurutisa balludallade adakkinta bhinnavAgiruva vyaktiyannu gurutisalAradu. udA haraNegAgi vayassinalli illavE gAtradalli cikkavaLAgi kANisuva ‘amma’ nannAgalI illavE ammaniginta vayassinalli athavA gAtradalli cikkavaLAgi kANisuva hengasannAgalI (Ake tAyiya tangiyallavAdalli) A pada gurutisalAradu.
karihalage emba innondu jODupadada arthavannu paDeyuvalli adara angagaLeraDU sahAyakavAguvudilla embudannu mEle 4.1ralli nODiruvevu. jODupadagaLu nAmapadagaLAgiruva kAraNa, avu ‘hesarisuva’ vidhAnada mUlaka vyakti, vastu modalAduvannu gurutisuttave. Adare idakke viruddhavAgi, padakantegaLu heccina sandabhragaLallU varNisuva vidhAnada mUlaka vyakti, vastu modalAduvannu gurutisuttave. I eraDu rItiya ghaTakagaLa naDuve kANisuva heccina vyatyAsagaLigU bhASheyalli avu I rIti eraDu bEre bEre kelasagaLannu naDesa bEkAgideyembudE mukhya kAraNa (jAsti vivaragaLige (bhaT 2002:60) nODi).

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4.3.2 guNapadagaLa vibhajane

kannaDadalli guNapadagaLu nAmapada mattu kriyApadagaLiginta bhinna vAgiruva bEreyE ondu padavagradalli baruttave. mEle sUcisiruva hAge avu vAkyadalli nAmapada mattu kriyApadagaLiginta bhinnavAgiruva kelasavondannu (nAmapada illavE kriyApadavondara vyAptiyannu kaDime mADuva kelasavannu) mADabEkAgiruvudE idakke kAraNa. guNapadagaLu I rIti kannaDadalli bEreyE ondu padavagradalli baruttave endu hELuvudakke kannaDadalli avakkiruva halavu viSiShTavAda guNadharmagaLU AdhAravAgaballuvu. I guNadharmagaLu vAkyagaLalli guNapadagaLu mADabEkAgiruva viSiShTavAda kelasakkAgi kANisikoLLuttave.
udAharaNegAgi, guNapadagaLannu nAmapadagaLondige (illavE kriyApadagaLondige) avakke yAva pratyayavannU sErisade hAgeyE baLasalu sAdhyavide (udA: kempu hU, bEga banda). Adare nAmapada illavE kriyApadagaLannu bErondu nAmapadadondige I rIti baLasabEkiddalli avakke a pratyayavannu sErisikoLLabEkAguttade (udA: marada kAlu, uLida anna). (jAsti vivaragaLige (bhaT 1994 mattu 2002 nODi).
mEle sUcisiruva hAge, guNapadagaLalli nAmapadagaLondige baruvavu, kriyApadagaLondige baruvavu mattu bEre guNapada gaLondige baruvavu embudAgi mUru upavagragaLive. kappu, biLi, doDDa, haLe modalAdavugaLu nAmapadagaLondige baruvavu, bEga, mellage, nuNNage modalAdavugaLu kriyApadagaLondige baruvavu, mattu mahaLa, bhArI modalAdavu guNapadagaLondige baruvavu. I mUru rItiya guNapadagaLa naDuve halavu vyatyAsagaLiddu, avella I guNapadagaLu vAkyagaLalli mADabEkAgiruva bhinna bhinnavAda kelasagaLa mEle avalambisive. I mUru rItiya guNapadagaLalli modalaneya upavagrakke sErida guNapadagaLu mAtra nAmapadakantegaLa tayArikeyalli baLake yAguttave. ivu mEle sUcisida hAge, nAmapadagaLu hesarisuva vyakti, vastu modalAdavugaLa guNadharmavondannu sUcisuvudara mUlaka avugaLa vyAptiyannu kaDime mADuttave. I kelasavannu sAdhisuvudakkAgi kannaDada nAmapadakantegaLalli baruva guNapadagaLannu aydu upavagragaLalli vingaDisi hELalu sAdhyavide. (1) aLate: I upavagrada guNapadagaLalli ALa embudondannu biTTu uLiduvella viruddhArthada jODigaLAgi baruttave.
dappa taggu sapura teLu hagura I guNapadagaLa ondu vaySiShTyavEnendare pratiyondu jODiyallU A jODi sUcisuva aLateyannu hesarisabEkAdAga, adu jAstiyirali illavE kaDimeyirali, jODiyalli baruva guNapadagaLalli modalane yadannu mAtravE baLasalu sAdhya. udAharaNegAgi, ondu gODe ettaravAgirali illavE taggAgirali, adara I aLateyannu sUcisalu gODeya ettara endE hELabEkallade *gODeya taggu endu gODeya udda hELalu sAdhyavAgadu. idE rItiyalli ennuttEvallade *gODeya giDDa ennuvudilla. (2) bhavtika guNadharma: I upavagradalli baruva guNapadagaLalli kelavu aLateya guNapadagaLa hAge viruddhArtha jODigaLAgi baruttave. doDDa
nEra dunDu
nuNupu
tampu cappaTe doragu medu kakraSa kalaku monDu saDilu mEle koTTiruva guNapadagaLu mAtravallade bEreyU halavu guNapadagaLu I eraDaneya upavagradalli baraballuvu. Adare ivannu mElinavugaLa hAge viruddhArtha jODigaLAgi vingaDisalu sAdhyavAgadu. udAharaNegAgi, bEre bEre rItiya rucigaLannu sUcisuva sihi, kahi, khAra, huLi modalAdavugaLu idE upavagrakke sEruvuvAdarU avu mElinavugaLa hAge jODigaLAgi baruvudilla. bEkiddalli avannella sappe emba ondE ondu guNapadakke viruddhArthadavugaLendu hELalu sAdhya vAgabahudu.
idE rItiyalli mEle koTTiruva gaTTi guNapadakke medu guNapada mAtravallade kumbu, joLLu, gOLe, saDilu modalAda bEre kelavu guNapadagaLU viruddhArthadavugaLAgi baruttaveyendu hELalu sAdhya vide. baNNavannu sUcisuva guNapadagaLalli kappu mattu biLi embavugaLu jODiyAgi baruvuvAdarU avannu viruddhArthadavugaLendu hELu vudu kaShTa. ivallade A rIti jODigaLAgi bArada kempu, kencu, kAvi, kandu, bUdi, arasina, nIli modalAdavugaLU I upa vibhAgakke sEruttave. ivugaLalli kelavu nAmapadagaLAgiyU baLakeyalli kelavu viSiShTavAda nAmapadagaLondige mAtravE baraballa guNapada gaLU I upavibhAgakke sEruttave. bODu (bAyi), soTTa (mOre), tEpe (kelasa), kUnu (bennu), bakka (tale), kOsu (kaNNu), monDu (katti), savuLu (nela), modalAdavugaLu intaha guNapadagaLu. (3) manuShyara guNagaLu: kannaDadalli I upavagrakke sEruva guNapadagaLannu eraDu mukhya upavibhAgagaLalli vingaDisabahudu. kuruDu, kivuDu, kunTu modalAda kelavu guNapadagaLu dayhika korategaLannu sUcisuttiddu modalaneya vibhAgakkU mattu huccu, moddu, curuku, poೀli, beppu modalAda bEre kelavu guNapada gaLu mAnasika guNagaLannu sUcisuttiddu eraDaneya vibhAgakkU sEru ttave. (4) vayassu: vyakti illavE vastuvina vayassannu sUcisuva hosa, haLe, eLe, mudi, hiri, kiri, puTTa modalAdavugaLu I upavagrakke sEruttave. ivallade, eraDaneya upavagradalli bandiruva doDDa mattu cikka emberaDu padagaLU vayassannu sUcisaballuvAda kAraNa avannU I upavagrakkU sErisalu sAdhyavide. (5) bele: I upavagrakke sEruva guNapadagaLalli sari-tappu, heccu-kaDime, kILu-mElu emba kelavu padagaLu jODigaLAgi baLakeyAguvuvAdare, canda, cokka, baDa modalAda bEre kelavu padagaLu ondondAgi baruttave. oLLe guNapadakke jODiyAgi keDu kriyApadada rUpavAgiruva keTTa embudu baLakeyallide.
(6) dikku: kannaDadalli dikkannu sUcisuva mUDu, tenka, paDu mattu baDaga embavugaLU guNapadagaLAgi baLakeyallive. ivugaLalli mUDu kriyApadavAgiyU baLakeyAguttade. idallade, oLa-hora, eDa-bala, mEle-keLa-naDu embavugaLU bEre bEre jAgagaLannu sUcisaballa guNapadagaLAgive.

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4.3.3 nAmapadakantegaLalli guNapadagaLa baLake

mEle sUcisida hAge, nAmapadakantegaLalli ondu nAmapadadondige baruva I guNapadagaLu A nAmapada hesarisuva vyakti illavE vastuvina guNadharmavondannu sUcisuvudara mUlaka adara vyAptiyannu kaDime mADuttave.
udAharaNegAgi, huDuga nAmapadakke cikka guNapadavannu sErisi nODabahudu. huDuga nAmapada gurutisaballa vyaktigaLiginta cikka huDuga emba nAmapadakante gurutisaballa vyaktigaLa sankhye kaDime. yAkendare, huDuga nAmapada yAva vyaktigaLannella hesarisaballudO avaralli cikka emba guNadharmaviruva vyaktigaLannu mAtra cikka huDuga emba padakante varNisuttade. guNapadagaLannu baLasuvudiddalli, sAmAnyavAgi heccu nAmapadagaLondige baraballa guNapadagaLu modalu baruttave mattu kaDime nAmapadagaLondige baraballa guNapadagaLu anantara baruttave. udAharaNegAgi, poೀli guNapadadondige baraballa nAmapadagaLu doDDa guNapadadondige baraballa nAmapadagaLiginta bahaLa kaDime. hAgAgi iveraDannU oTTAgi ondE nAmapadakanteyalli baLasabEkAdAga, doDDa embudannu poೀli embudakkinta modalu baLasabEkAguttade (udA: avanobba doDDa poೀli huDuga). nAmapadadondige ondakkinta jAsti Adare kannaDada nAmapadakantegaLalli sAmAnyavAgi ondakkinta jAsti guNapadagaLiruvudu aparUpa. kannaDadavE Ada guNapadagaLigintalU samskxtadinda eravalAgi banda guNapadagaLu I rIti padakantegaLalli oTToTTAgi baruvudu jAsti (udA: daynika vAtrA patrike, prasiddha vayjYAnika samsthe, ityAdi). I rIti ondu nAmapadadondige eraDakkinta jAsti guNapadagaLannu baLasideyAdalli, avannu yAva rItiyalli oTTu sErisalAgide embuda ralli vayvidhya kANisikoLLalu sAdhyavide. udAharaNegAgi halavu doDDa manegaLu emba padakanteyalli bandiruva halavu emba pada doDDa emba padada hAge manegaLu embudakke nEravAgi sambandhisuttade. Adare, bahaLa doDDa manegaLu emba padakanteyalli bandiruva bahaLa emba pada I rIti nEravAgi manegaLu embudakke sambandhisuvudilla. idakke badalu adu doDDa embudakke sambandhisuttiddu, adara mUlaka manegaLu embudakke sambandhisuttade.

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4.3.4 eNikeya padagaLa baLake

nAmapadagaLondige padakantegaLalli baraballa innondu rItiya pada gaLendare ondu, eraDu, mUru modalAda eNikeya padagaLu. ivu guNapadagaLiginta modalu baruttave (udA: ondu doDDa mane, nAlku kempu hUgaLu). Adare I padagaLu eNisalu sAdhyaviruvantaha mane, mara, hU, huDuga, kate modalAda nAmapadagaLondige mAtra baruttave. sAmAnyavAgi eNisalu sAdhyavilladiruva nIru, eNNe, hiTTu modalAdavugaLondige baruvudilla. kannaDadalli ondarinda hattaravarege eNikeyannu naDesalu ondu, eraDu, mUru modalAda biDi biDiyAda eNikeya padagaLu baLake yAguttave. (ivugaLalli ombattu embudu mAtra cAritrikavAgi oLaracaneyiruva eNikeya pada). janarannu eNisabEkAdalli mElina padagaLa badalu obba (athavA obbanu, obbaLu, obbaru), ibbaru, mUvaru, nAlvaru modalAda viSiShTa padagaLa baLakeyide.
hattakkinta jAsti vastugaLannu illavE janarannu eNisabEkAdAga, eraDu athavA jAsti eNikeya padagaLannu oTTige sErisi hELabEkAgu ttade, mattu idakkAgi kannaDadalli keLage sUcisiruva hAge eraDu racane gaLu baLakeyallive. hattarinda hattombattara varegina eNikeyannu naDesuvudakkAgi hattu embudakke a emba sambandhisuva pratyayavannu sErisi tayArisida hatta- embudarondige ondu, eraDu, mUru modalAda padagaLagaLannu baLasalAguttade. Adare I racanegaLalli hatta- embudu hanna-, hadi- mattu hatta- emba rUpagaLalli kANisikoLLuttade.
idE rItiyalli ippattarinda ippattombattara varegina eNikege ippatta embudakke ondu, eraDu modalAduvannu sErisi tayArisida racaneyannU (udA: ippattondu, ippatteraDu, ippatta mUru, ityAdi) mattu mUvattarinda mUvattombattara varegina eNikege mUvatta embudakke ondu, eraDu, mUru modalAduvannu sErisi tayArisida racaneyannU baLasuvudannu kANabahudu. idE rItiya racaneyannu nUrara anantarada eNikeyallU kANa bahudu. nUra ondu embudaralli nUru padakke a pratyayavannu sErisalAgide; nUra eppattondu embudaralli nUru mattu eppattu embuveraDakkU adE a pratyayavannu sErisalAgide; mattu hattu sAvirada enTu nUra ayvatta nAlku embudaralli sAvira, nUru mattu ayvattu embavugaLige adE a pratyayavannu sErisalAgide. ippattu, mUvattu, naluvattu modalAda eNikegaLalli mAtra I rIti a pratyayavannu baLasuva badalu eraDu, mUru, nAlku modalAda eNikeya padagaLannu nEravAgi hattu padakke sErisalAgide. idu eNikeya padagaLalli kANisuva eraDaneya racane.
I eraDaneya racaneyallU kelavu sErikeya badalAvaNegaLu naDediruvudannu gamanisabahudu. udAharaNegAgi, eraDu embudakke ippa- emba rUpavide, hattu embudakke attu, pattu, vattu moda lAda rUpagaLive, ityAdi.) idE rItiyalli innUru, munnUru, nAnnUru modalAda eNikegaLallU eraDu eNikeya padagaLannu nEravAgi a pratyayavannu baLasade sErisiruvudannu kANabahudu.
I mElina eNikeya padagaLalli a pratyaya bandalli ‘kUDisu’ emba artha baruttade, mattu A pratyaya bArade eNikeya padagaLeraDu nEravAgi sErikonDiruvalli ‘guNisu’ emba artha baruttade embudAgi I eraDu rItiya racanegaLa baLakeyannu varNisabahudu. eNikeyalli obba vyakti illavE ondu vastuvina jAgavannu sUcisu vudakkAgi eNikeya padagaLige nE illavE neya pratyayavannu sErisa bEkAguttade. udAharaNegAgi, nAlkanE huDuga embudaralli nAlkanE embudu eNikeyalli obba huDugana jAga yAvudu embu dannu sUcisuva mUlaka Atanannu gurutisalu sAdhyavAguvante mADu ttade. I pratyayadeduru ondu embudara badalu modalu embu dannU baLasalu sAdhyavide (ondanE huDuga, modalanE huDuga).

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4.3.5 aLateyannu sUcisuva padagaLu

nAmapadavu hesarisuva vyakti illavE vastuvina aLateyannu sUcisuvu dakkAgi adarondige bEre kelavu padagaLannu baLasalu sAdhyavide. ivu gaLalli aLateyannu nikharavAgi tiLisuvavugaLu mattu ondu andAjige tiLisuvavugaLu embudAgi eraDu vidhadavugaLiruvudannu kANabahudu.
udAharaNegAgi, gENu, moLa, angula, maylu modalA davugaLu aLateyannu nikharavAgi tiLisuttave. sAmAnyavAgi ivuga Londige eNikeya padagaLU bandiruttave. (udA: eraDu moLa baTTe, hattu ke.ji. akki, ityAdi). halavu-kelavu, bahaLa-svalpa, hEraLa modalAdavugaLu aLate yannu ondu andAjige mAtra sUcisaballuvu. hAgAgi ivugaLondige eNikeya padagaLu baruvudilla. (udA: kelavu janaru, svalpa nIru, hEraLa haNa, ityAdi).

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4.4 sArAmSa

vAkyagaLalli ondu ghaTaneyannu illavE sangatiyannu sUcisuvudakkAgi kriyApadagaLU, mattu antaha ghaTane illavE sangatiyalli toDagi konDiruva vyakti, vastu, jAga modalAduvannu gurutisuvudakkAgi nAmapadagaLU baLakeyAguttave. ivugaLalli eraDaneya kelasavannu naDesuvudakkAgi hesarisuva vidhAna mattu varNisuva vidhAna embudAgi eraDu bEre bEre vidhAnagaLannu baLasabEkAguttade. varNisuva vidhAnavannu baLasabEkiddAga, sAmAnyavAgi nAmapada gaLannu guNapada, eNikeya pada, aLateya pada modalAdavugaLondige sErisi ondu ‘padakante’ya rUpadalli baLasuva avaSyakate kanDubaru ttade. ondu iDI vAkyavU intaha padakanteya angavAgiralu sAdhya English → | ಕನ್ನಡ →

adhyAya aydu — kriyApadagaLa padarUpagaLu

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5.1 pIThike

vAkyavondara koneyalli adara kEndravAgi baruva kriyApadavannu sandabhrakkanusAravAgi halavAru rUpagaLalli baLasabEkAguttade. intaha rUpagaLalli heccinavugaLallU avu sUcisuva ghaTaneya samaya mattu A ghaTaneyalli toDagiruva ghaTakagaLalli ondu (mADuga, Aguga, illavE prEraka) embudAgi eraDu viShayagaLannu cuTukAgi tiLisalu eraDu pratyayagaLannu sErisabEkAguttade. nanna aNNa nALe beLigge nimage hattu sAvira koDuttAne. mElina vAkyadalli koDu kriyApada adara koDuttAne emba kriyArUpadalli vAkyada kEndravAgi bandide. I kriyArUpadalli koDu kriyApada tta mattu Ane emba eraDu pratyayagaLondige bandiruvudannu kANabahudu. I eraDu pratyayagaLalli tta embudu koDu kriyApada sUcisuva ghaTaneya samaya (1ka) vAkyavannADiruva samayakkinta mundinadu embudannu tiLisuttade, mattu adara anantara bandiruva Ane pratyaya I ghaTaneyannu naDesuva vyakti (endare adara ‘mADuga’ ghaTaka) obba ganDasu embudannu tiLisuttade.
I pratyayagaLu mElina eraDu viShayagaLannu bahaLa cuTukAgi tiLisuttave. avannE heccu vivaravAgi tiLisalu adE vAkyadalli nALe beLigge mattu nanna aNNa emba ghaTakagaLu bandive.
I eraDu rItiya pratyayagaLu mAtravallade, vAkyavannu entaha mAtina kelasadalli toDagisalAgide embudannu sUcisuva bEre kelavu pratyayagaLU kriyArUpagaLalli baraballuvu. udAharaNegAgi, koDali emba kriyArUpadalli mElina eraDu pratyayagaLa badalu al mattu i emba pratyayagaLu bandive. ivugaLalli modalaneyadu samayavannU mattu eraDaneyadu ondu ‘mAtina kelasa’vannU sUcisuttave (10.5.4 nODi).
keLage koTTiruva (1kha) vAkyadalli koDali emba I kriyArUpa vannu baLasalAgide, mattu A vAkyada ADuganige adannu baLasi bErobba vyaktiya mUlaka ondu kelasavannu mADisikoLLalu sAdhyavide. (1kha) rAju nALe beLigge nimage hattu sAvira koDali. idallade, vAkyagaLannu bEre vAkyagaLa illavE bEre vAkyagaLalli baruva padakantegaLa oLavAkyagaLannAgi mADi baLasabEkAgiruva sandabhra gaLallU avakke bEreyE kelavu pratyayagaLannu sErisabEkAgiddu, intaha pratyayagaLa baLakeyindalU mElinavakkinta bhinnavAgiruva kelavu kriyA rUpagaLu siddhavAguttave.
udAharaNegAgi, vAkyagaLannu ondu padakanteya angavannAgi mADikoLLalu avugaLa kEndravAgi bandiruva kriyApadakke a emba ‘sambandhisuva’ pratyayavannu sErisikoLLabEkAguttade. I pratyayavannu sErisidAga, antaha kriyApadagaLa koneyalli ghaTaneyannu naDesuva vyaktiyannu sUcisuvudakkAgi bandiruva pratyaya bidduhOguttade, mattu avugaLalli samayavannu sUcisuvudakkAgi bandiruva pratyaya dallU kelavu badalAvaNegaLu naDeyuttave. (2ka) A huDugi mangaLUrige nALe hOguttALe. (2kha) mangaLUrige nALe hOguva huDugi aLuttiddALe. (2ka) vAkyada kriyApadakke a pratyayavannu sErisi, adannu (2kha) vAkyadalli ondu padakanteya angavannAgi mADalAgide. hIge mADuva samayadalli adara koneyalli baruva aLu pratyayavannu tegedu hAkalAgide, mattu mundina samayavannu sUcisuvudakkAgi adaralli utta pratyayada badalu uv pratyayavannu baLasalAgide. vAkyagaLalli I rIti bEre bEre kelasagaLigAgi entaha kriyArUpa gaLella baraballuvu mattu avugaLa oLaracaneyEnu embudannu I adhyAyadalli vivarisalAgide.

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5.2 samayavannu sUcisuva pratyayagaLu

vAkyada mukhya angavAgi baruva kriyApadagaLalli ‘hindina samaya’ mattu ‘mundina samaya’ embudAgi eraDu samayagaLannu sUcisaballa pratyayagaLu baLakeyAguttave. ivu A kriyApadagaLiruva vAkyavannu yAva samayadalli ADalAgittO A samayada hinde naDediruva mattu munde naDeyaliruva ghaTanegaLannu sUcisuttave. (3ka) Ata ivattu sanje mUru ganTege hADuttAne. (3kha) Ata ivattu sanje mUru ganTege hADida. mElina eraDu vAkyagaLU ondE ghaTaneyannu (endare Atanu hADuva ghaTaneyannu) tiLisuttave. idallade, I ghaTaneya samaya I eraDu vAkyagaLallU ondE (ivattu sanje mUru ganTege). hIgiddarU, adannu sUcisuva hADu kriyApadavannu (3ka)dalli utta pratyayadondige baLasalAgide, mattu (3kha)dalli adannE id pratyaya dondige baLasalAgide.
I vyatyAsakke kAraNavEnendare, I eraDu pratyayagaLu ghaTaneya samayavannaShTE sUcisuva badalu A samayakkU mattu adannu tiLisuva vAkyada samayakkU naDuviruva sambandhavannu sUcisuttave. (3ka) vAkyavannu ADuva samayadalli A ghaTane naDedillavembudannu (endare A ghaTane anantara naDeyuttade embudannu) adaralli bandiruva utta emba ‘mundina’ samayada pratyaya sUcisuttade, mattu (3kha) vAkya vannu ADiruva samayadalli A ghaTane naDedAgittu embudannu adaralli bandiruva id emba ‘hindina’ samayada pratyaya sUcisuttade.

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5.2.1 mundina samaya

mEle koTTiruva eraDu samaya pratyayagaLalli mundina samayavannu sUcisuva utta pratyayakke ellA sandabhragaLallU ondE rUpavide. Adare, I pratyayadondige baruva kriyApadagaLalli mAtra keLage sUcisida hAge eraDu badalAvaNegaLu kANisikoLLuttave.
(ka) ukAradalli konegoLLuva kriyApadagaLondige I pratyaya bandAga avugaLa koneya ukAra biddu hOguttade. naDugu
tUgu
nambu
naDuguttAne tUguttAne nambuttAne kaTTuttAne biDuttAne (kha) ikAra illavE ekAradalli konegoLLuva kriyApadagaLondige I pratyaya bandAga avugaLa koneyalli yakAra sErikoLLuttade. holi
bareyuttAne naDeyuttAne kuDiyuttAne holiyuttAne utta pratyayada mUlaka siddhavAda I kriyArUpagaLige mundina samayadalli jaraguva ghaTanegaLannu sUcisuva artha mAtravallade rUDhiyalli jaraguva ghaTanegaLannu sUcisuva arthavU ide embudannu keLagina vAkyagaLa baLakeyalli kANabahudu. (4ka) avaru ivattu enTu ganTege angaDi tereyuttAre. (4kha) avaru dinAlU enTu ganTege angaDi tereyuttAre. (5ka) mUrakke nAlku sErisidare ELAguttade. (5kha) aparicitarannu kanDAga nAyigaLu bogaLuttave. (5ga) Ata rEDiyO ripEri mADuttAne. pratyayaviruva (4ka)dalli utta tereyuttAre emba mEle kriyArUpa mundina samayadalli jaragaliruva ghaTaneyondannu sUcisuttide. Adare (4kha)dalli adE kriyArUpa rUDhiyalli jaraguva ghaTaneyondannu sUcisuttide. idakke badalu (5ka-kha)gaLalli bandiruva kriyArUpagaLu rUDhiya ghaTanegaLannu mAtravE sUcisaballuvu, mattu (5ga)dalli bandiruva kriyArUpa I eraDu rItiya arthagaLannU koDaballudu.

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5.2.2 hindina samaya

hindina samayavannu sUcisuva pratyayakke adara eDakke baruva kriyApada mattu balakke baruva ghaTaka pratyaya - ivugaLannavalambisi halavu rUpagaLive. adarondige baruva kriyApadagaLallU keLage sUcisiruva hAge halavu badalAvaNegaLu kANisikoLLuttave.
(1) I pratyayakke ukAradalli konegoLLuva kriyApadagaLeduru id emba rUpavide, mattu idarondige baruva kriyApadagaLa koneyalliruva ukAra I pratyaya sEridAga biddu hOguttade.
naDugu
mADu
harasu
naDugida mADida harasida mEle naDugida emba kriyArUpadalli naDugu kriyApadakke id emba hindina samayavannu sUcisuva pratyayavU mattu a emba ghaTakavannu sUcisuva pratyayavU sErive. I kriyArUpadalli naDugu kriyApadada koneya akAra bidduhOgide. itara kriyArUpagaLallU hIgeyE. (2) ekAra mattu ikAragaLalli konegoLLuva kriyApadagaLa munde hindina samayavannu sUcisuva pratyayakke d emba rUpavide. kuNida (3) I pratyayada munde ghaTakavannu sUcisuva pratyayagaLalli tu embudu bandideyAdalli adakke id embudara badalu i emba rUpavide. udAharaNegAgi, keLagi koTTiruva naDugitu emba kriyArUpadalli ghaTakavannu sUcisalu tu pratyaya bandideyAda kAraNa adarondige hindina samayavannu sUcisalu i pratyaya bandide (naDugu-i-tu). idallade adarondige baruva kriyApadagaLallU keLage sUcisiruva hAge kelavu badalAvaNegaLu kANisikoLLuttave. (ka) kriyApadagaLa koneya ukAra biddu hOguttade. naDugu
tElu
tumbu
naDugitu tElitu tumbitu kaTTitu (kha) kriyApadagaLa koneya ekAra mattu ikAragaLa munde yakAra sErikoLLuttade. oDeyitu eLeyitu kuDiyitu kudiyitu

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5.2.3 apavAdagaLu

mEle sUcisida badalAvaNegaLu kannaDada heccina kriyApadagaLigU hindina samayavannu sUcisuva pratyayavannu sErisidAga kANisikoLLu vantahavu. I badalAvaNegaLige apavAdagaLAgi uLiyuva sumAru ayvattu-aruvattu kriyApadagaLu kannaDadallive. ivugaLalli entaha badalAvaNegaLella naDeyuttave mattu ivugaLondige baruvAga hindina samayada pratyayakke entaha rUpagaLella kANisikoLLuttave embudannu keLage sUcisalAgide (jAsti vivaragaLige SrIdhar 1990 nODi). (1) ikAradalli konegoLLuva kriyApadagaLu: avi, ari, kali mattu bali kriyApadagaLu ikAradalli konegoLLuvuvAdarU, avuga Londige baruva hindina samayavannu sUcisuva pratyayakke adara munde tu ghaTakavannu sUcisuva pratyaya bandAga ti emba rUpavU mattu itara pratyayagaLu bandAga t emba rUpavU ide.
kadi emba innondu ikAradalli konegoLLuva kriyApadadeduru I pratyayakke adara munde tu pratyaya bandAga di emba rUpavU mattu itara pratyayagaLu bandAga d emba rUpavU ide. I eraDu sandabhragaLallU I kriyApadada koneya ikAra biddu hOguttade.
kadditu (2) ekAradalli konegoLLuva kriyApadagaLu: ekAradalli konegoLLuva dore, nere, bere, mare, kale, koLe mattu moLe kriyApadagaLondige baruva hindina samayavannu sUcisuva pratyayakke adara munde tu pratyaya bandAga i embudara badalu ti emba rUpavU mattu itara pratyayagaLu bandAga d emba rUpada badalu t emba rUpavU ide. mare maretitu mareta (3) ukAradalli konegoLLuva kriyApadagaLu: I kriyApadagaLannu keLage sUcisidante vingaDisikonDalli, avu hindina samayavannu sUcisuva pratyayadondige bandAga avugaLalli mattu A pratyayadalli entaha vyatyAsagaLella kANisuttave embudannu tiLidukoLLuva kelasa heccu sulabhavAguttade. (ka) eraDu akSharagaLiddu, avugaLalli ottakSharavAgalI illavE udda svaravAgalI illadiruva kriyApadagaLu: nagu, migu, uDu, koDu, baru, aLu, iru, ityAdi. (kha) eraDu akSharagaLiddu, avugaLalli eraDaneyadu ottakSharavAgiruva kriyApadagaLu: annu, tinnu, nillu, gellu, uNNu, koyyu, bayyu, ityAdi. (ivugaLa eraDu akShara gaLallU giDDa svaragaLu baruttave). (ga) eraDu akSharagaLiddu modalaneya akSharadalli udda svaraviruva kriyApadagaLu: Agu, hOgu, kANu, kAyu, tEyu, sAyu, ELu, bILu, sOlu, ityAdi. (ivu gaLalli ottakShara baruvudilla) (gha) mUru akSharaviruva kriyApadagaLu: bevaru mattu horaDu. I nAlku gumpugaLalli baruva kriyApadagaLu hindina samayavannu sUcisuva pratyayadondige bandAga mEle koTTiruva niyamagaLige hEge apavAdagaLAguttave embudannu keLage vivarisalAgide. (ka) eraDu akSharagaLiruva mattu ottakSharavAgalI udda svaravAgalI illadiruva kriyApadagaLu: intaha kriyApadagaLa eraDaneya akSharadalli g illavE D vyanjana bandideyAdalli (nagu, migu, sigu, hugu embavugaLalli mattu aDu, iDu, uDu, keDu, koDu, toDu, naDu, paDu, biDu, suDu embavugaLalli) A vyanjana k illavE T embudAgi badalAguttade. idallade, avugaLondige baruva hindina samayada pratyayakke adara anantara tu pratyaya bandAga ki mattu Ti emba rUpavU mattu itara pratyayagaLu bandAga k mattu T emba rUpavU ide. hugu kriyApadakke illi hok emba rUpavide. nagu nakkitu
nakka biTTitu taru kriyApadagaLige hindina eraDaneya akSharadalli rakAra illavE LakAra bandiruva intaha kriyApadagaLalli eraDu rItiya vyatyAsagaLannu kANabahudu. baru mattu sUcisuva pratyayadondige bandAga bam mattu tam emba rUpagaLive. I kriyApadagaLeduru hindina samayavannu sUcisuva pratyaya adara anantara tu pratyaya bandAga rUpahInavAguttade, mattu itara pratyayagaLu bandAga d emba rUpadallE baruttade. samayavannu teru mattu aLu kriyApadagaLige tet mattu at emba rUpagaLiddu, ivugaLeduru hindina samayavannu sUcisuva pratyaya adara anantara tu pratyaya bandAga i emba rUpadallU mattu itara pratyayagaLu bandAga t emba rUpadallU baruttade. iru kriyApada eraDu viShayagaLalli mElina kriyApadagaLiginta bhinnavAgide. modalaneyadAgi, idarondige baruva hindina samaya vannu sUcisuva pratyayakke adara anantara tu pratyaya bandAga rUpa hInateyide mattu itara pratyayagaLu bandAga d emba rUpavide. eraDaneyadAgi, I kriyApadakke hindina samayavannu sUcisuva pratyaya rUpahInavAgiruvalli (endare, adara anantara tu pratyaya bandiruvalli) it emba rUpavU mattu itara sandabhragaLalli id emba rUpavU ide. (kha) eraDu akSharagaLiruva mattu eraDaneyadu ottakSharavAgiruva kriyApadagaLu: ivugaLalli annu, tinnu, kollu, nillu mattu sallu kriyApadagaLige hindina samayavannu sUcisuva pratyayadondige bandAga am, tim, kom, nim mattu sam emba rUpagaLive, mattu A pratyayakke adara anantara tu pratyaya bandAga di emba rUpavU mattu itara pratyayagaLu bandAga d emba rUpavU ide. nillu kriyApadadondige mAtra adakke ti mattu t emba rUpagaLive. tinnu nillu uNNu mattu koLLu kriyApadagaLigU mElinavugaLa hAgeyE hindina samayavannu sUcisuva pratyayadondige bandAga um mattu kom emba rUpagaLive, Adare A pratyayakke ivugaLeduru adara anantara tu pratyaya bandideyAdalli Di emba rUpavU mattu itara pratyayagaLu bandiveyAdalli D emba rUpavU ide. gellu mattu mellu kriyApadagaLige hindina samayavannu sUcisuva pratyayadondige bandAga ged mattu med emba rUpagaLive. ivugaLeduru baruva hindina samayavannu sUcisuva pratyayakke adara anantara tu pratyaya bandideyAdare di emba rUpavU mattu itara pratyayagaLu bandiveyAdare d emba rUpavU gellu
gedditu intaha kriyApadagaLalli baruva ottakShara yakAraddAgideyAdare (koyyu, geyyu, toyyu, bayyu mattu hoyyu) hindina samayada pratyayadondige bandAga avugaLa koneya ukAradondige eraDaneya akSharada eraDu yakAragaLalli ondu bidduhOgi ondu yakAra mAtra uLidukoLLuttade (barahadalli bay embudu bay sUcisuva pratyayakke ivugaLeduru adara anantara tu pratyaya bandideyAdare di emba rUpavU mattu itara pratyayagaLu bandiveyAdare d emba rUpavU ide. kANisikoLLuttade). hindina samayavannu bayyu
bayditu
bayda (ga) eraDu akSharagaLiddu avugaLalli modalaneyadara svara udda vAgiruva kriyApadagaLu: ivugaLalli Agu mattu hOgu kriyA padagaLige hindina samayavannu sUcisuva pratyayadeduru A mattu hO emba rUpagaLive. ivugaLondige baruva hindina samayavannu sUcisuva pratyayakke adara anantara tu pratyayavideyAdare i emba rUpavU mattu itara pratyayagaLiveyAdare d emba rUpavU ide. idallade, i pratyaya sEridAga I kriyArUpagaLalli yakAra kANisi koLLuttade. hOgu
hOyitu hOda
kANu kriyApadakke hindina samayavannu sUcisuva pratyaya dondige bandAga kam emba rUpavide. idara munde baruva hindina samayavannu sUcisuva pratyayakke adara anantara tu pratyaya bandide yAdare Di emba rUpavU mattu itara pratyayagaLu bandiveyAdare D emba rUpavU ide. eraDaneya akSharadalli yakAraviruva kriyApadagaLondige I pratyaya sEridAga A kriyApadagaLalli aydu rItiya badalAvaNegaLu kANisikoLLuttave. kelavu kriyApadagaLa koneya ukAra mAtra biddu hOguttade, mattu hindina samayada pratyaya adara anantara tu pratyaya bandideyAdare di emba rUpadallU mattu itara pratyayagaLu bandiveyAdare d emba rUpadallU baruttade. nEyu
nEyditu nEyda Ayu, kAyu (bisiyAgu embarthadalli), tEyu, tOyu, mAyu, mEyu mattu hAyu kriyApadagaLU intahavE rUpa gaLalli baraballuvu. Adare ivugaLalli kelavu ukAradondige yakAravannU kaLedu koLLalu sAdhyavide. udAharaNegAgi tEyu kriyApadakke tEda emba rUpavU ide. idallade, Iyu, kAyu (idiru nODu illavE rakShisu embarthadalli) mattu mAyu embavugaLige I eraDaneya rUpa mAtra iruvante tOruttade. I kriyApadagaLige ghaTakavannu sUcisuva pratyayagaLalli kelavannu mAtra sErisalu sAdhyavAguvudAda kAraNa (kelavakke jODaNeya rUpa mAtra kANisuttade), I viShaya dalli heccu kaTTuniTTAda niyamagaLannu hELuvudu kaShTa. idallade, yakAra uLidiruva rUpa cAritrikavAgi svalpa maTTige hindina kAlada rUpavAgiddu adu bidduhOgiruva rUpa ittIcegina dendu tOruttade. Iyu mattu sAyu kriyApadagaLa eduru baruvAga hindina samayavannu sUcisuva pratyayakke adara anantara tu pratyaya bandide yAdare tti emba rUpavU mattu itara pratyayagaLu bandiveyAdare tta emba rUpavU kANisuttade. I pratyayadondige baruvAga mElina kriyApadagaLa eraDaneya akShara bidduhOguttade mAtravalla, avugaLa modalaneya akSharadalliruva udda svara giDDavAguttade. sAyu
sattitu satta bAyu emba innondu kriyApadavU idE rItiyadu, Adare idara modalaneya akSharadalliruva svara uddavAgiyE uLiyuttade, mattu hindina samayavannu sUcisuva pratyayakke idareduru baruvAga ti mattu t emba rUpagaLive. nOyu, bEyu mattu mIyu kriyApadagaLU hindina samayavannu sUcisuva pratyayadondige bandAga eraDaneya akSharavannu kaLedukoLLuttave mattu modalaneya akSharadalliruva udda svaravannu giDDa svaravannAgi mADikoLLuttave. idallade, avugaLa koneyalli ondu anusvAravU sErikoLLuttade. I kriyApadagaLa munde baruva hindina samayavannu sUcisuva pratyayakke adara anantara tu pratyaya bandideyAdare di emba rUpavU mattu itara pratyayagaLu bandive yAdare d emba rUpavU ide. nOyu nonditu nonda ELu mattu bILu emberaDu kriyApadagaLige hindina samayavannu sUcisuva pratyayadondige bandAga ed mattu bid emba rUpa gaLive. hindina samayavannu sUcisuva pratyayakke illi adara anantara tu pratyaya bandAga di emba rUpavU mattu itara pratyayagaLu bandAga d emba rUpavU ide. bILu
edditu bidditu idakke badalu kILu kriyApadakke kit emba rUpaviddu hindina samayavannu sUcisuva pratyayakke ti mattu t emba rUpagaLive. kILu
sOlu mattu hULu kriyApadagaLige sO mattu hU emba rUpagaLiddu, hindina samayavannu sUcisuva pratyayakke adara anantara tu pratyaya bandAga mEle modalina rUpadalli kANisuva hAge ti emba rUpavU mattu itara pratyayagaLu bandAga t emba rUpavU sOlu
sOtitu sOta (gha) mUru akSharagaLiruva kriyApadagaLu: bevaru mattu horaDu emberaDu kriyApadagaLige hindina samayavannu sUcisuva pratyaya dondige bandAga beva mattu hora emba rUpagaLive. hindina samayavannu sUcisuva pratyayakke adara anantara tu pratyaya bandAga ti mattu Ti emba rUpagaLU mattu itara pratyayagaLu bandAga t mattu T emba rUpagaLU ive. bevaru
bevatitu bevata horaDu horaTitu horaTa

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5.2.4 Igina samaya

kannaDadalli iru emba ondu kriyApadakke mAtra hindina mattu mundina samayagaLannu sUcisuva rUpagaLu mAtravallade, Igina samayavannu sUcisuva mUraneyadondu rUpavU ide embudannu nAvu mUraneya adhyAyadalli nODiruvevu (3.1.1 nODi). I rUpadalli vAkyada ghaTakavondannu sUcisuva pratyayagaLige heccukaDime mundina samayavannu sUcisuva kriyArUpagaLalli kANisuva rUpagaLE ive embudannu nAvu munde (5.3)ralli nODaliruvevu.
Igina samayavannu sUcisuva I pratyaya adara anantara e emba ghaTakavannu sUcisuva pratyaya bandAga rUpahInavAguttade mattu itara pratyayagaLu bandAga d emba rUpadalli baruttade. idarondige baruva iru kriyApadakke id emba rUpavide.
iddAne

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5.2.5 samaya pratyayavillade baLakeyAguva kriyApadagaLu

balla mattu Ar emba eraDu kriyApadagaLu mAtra mEle sUcisida samaya pratyayagaLalli ondannU paDeyade nEravAgi ghaTaka pratyaya gaLondige baLakeyAguttave. ivu mundina samayadalli naDeyaballa vastuvigiruva ghaTaneyalli toDagalu obba vyakti illavE ‘sAmarthya’vannu mAtravE sUcisuttiruvudE ivugaLondige samaya pratyayagaLu bAra diruvudakke kAraNavirabEku. (6ka) Ake rAtri hottinalli AphIsininda obbaLE baraballaLu. (6kha) nAnu rAtri hottinalli AphIsininda obbanE baraballe. (7ka) nIvu hELida kelasavannu nAnu mADalAre. (7kha) avaralli yAva vastuvU sigalAradu. I eraDu kriyApadagaLU sAmAnyavAgi bErondu kriyApadada jODaNeya rUpadondige baLakeyAguttave. balla kriyApada mAtra svatantravAgiyU baLakeyAgaballudu.

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5.3 ghaTakavannu sUcisuva pratyayagaLu

vAkyadalli baruva ghaTakagaLalli yAvudAdarU ondannu cuTukAgi sUcisalu keLage koTTiruva ombattu bEre bEre pratyayagaLalli ondannu kriyApadadondige baLasabEkAguttade. (illi ‘halavaru’ embudakke obbariginta (illavE ondakkinta) jAsti emba arthavide, mattu I halavarannu sUcisuva pratyaya ganDasu-hengasu emba vyatyAsavannu tOrisuvudilla). kELuga
itararu: ganDasu
hengasu
halavaru I pratyayagaLa baLakeyannu keLage koTTiruva koDu kriyApadada mundina samayada rUpagaLalli kANabahudu. kELuga
itararu: ganDasu
koDuttEne koDutti koDuttAne halavaru koDuttEve koDuttIri koDuttAre hengasu
koDuttALe koDuttade koDuttave mEle koTTiruva pratyayagaLige avugaLondige baruva samayada pratyayavannavalambisi eraDu rUpagaLive. modalaneyadAgi, kriyApada dondige mundina samayavannu sUcisuva pratyaya bandideyAdalli adara anantara baruva I pratyayagaLige mEle koTTiruva rUpagaLiru ttave.
Adare, idakke badalu kriyApadadondige hindina samayavannu sUcisuva pratyaya bandideyAdalli avakke mEle koTTudakkinta svalpa bhinnavAgiruva rUpagaLu kANisikoLLuttave. idannu koDu kriyApadada keLagina rUpagaLalli kANabahudu. kELuga
itararu: ganDasu
hengasu
koTTe
koTTaLu koTTitu halavaru koTTevu koTTaru koTTuvu hindina samayavannu sUcisuva I kriyArUpagaLalli ghaTakavannu sUcisuvudakkAgi baruva pratyayagaLige keLagina paTTiyalli kANisiru vantaha rUpagaLiveyembudannu gamanisabahudu. kELuga
itararu: ganDasu
hengasu
halavaru iru emba ondu kriyApadakke mAtra mundina mattu hindina samayagaLannu sUcisuva rUpAvaLigaLu mAtravallade Igina samaya vannu sUcisuva mUraneyadondu rUpAvaLiyU ide embudannu nAvu mEle (5.2.4)ralli nODiruvevu. I rUpAvaLiyalli ghaTaka vannu sUcisuva pratyayagaLalli heccinavakkU mundina samayavannu sUcisuva kriyArUpagaLalli kANisuva rUpavE ide. Adare, ade mattu ave pratyayagaLu e mattu ve emba rUpadallU mattu i pratyaya Iye emba rUpadallU baruttave. kELuga
itararu: ganDasu
hengasu
iddEne
iddIye iddAne
iddALe
halavaru iddEve balla mattu Ar emba eraDu kriyApadagaLondige ghaTakavannu sUcisuva I pratyayagaLu nEravAgi, endare samaya pratyayagaLa sahAyavillade baLakeyAguttave embudannu nAvu mEle 5.2.5ralli nODiruvevu.
I kriyApadagaLeduru ghaTakavannu sUcisuva pratyayagaLige hindina samayavannu sUcisuva pratyayadeduru kANisuva rUpagaLE ive. Adare, i mattu tu pratyayagaLige mAtra I kriyApadagaLeduru e mattu udu emba rUpagaLive. kELuga
itararu: ganDasu
hengasu
balle balle ballaLu
balludu
halavaru ballevu ballaru balluvu

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5.4 isu pratyayada baLake

kannaDada heccina kriyApadagaLU mElina eraDu pratyayagaLannu paDeyuva modalu isu emba innondu pratyayavannu paDeyaballuvu. I pratyayakke sandabhrakkanusAravAgi bEre bEre arthagaLu baruttiddu, ivugaLalli ghaTaneyannu mADuvante vyaktiyobbanannu prErEpisuvantaha artha prAmukhyavAdudu. (8ka) sIte jAnakigondu patra baredaLu. (8kha) sundari sIteya kayyalli jAnakigondu patra baresidaLu. saynikaru sereyALugaLannu kondaru. (9kha) rAja saynikara mUlaka sereyALugaLannu kollisida. (8ka)dalli bare kriyApada nEravAgi samayavannu sUcisuva d pratyaya dondige mattu ghaTakavannu sUcisuva aLu pratyayadondige bandide. Adare (8kha)dalli idE kriyApada I eraDu pratyayagaLannu paDeyuva modalu isu emba bErondu pratyayavannu paDedide.
(8ka)dalli bare kriyApada sIte naDesida ondu ghaTaneyannu sUcisuttade; (8kha)dalli adE kriyApada isu pratyayadondige bandideyAda kAraNa, sIte A ghaTaneyannu naDesuvante sundari prErEpisiruvaLembudannu sUcisuttade. isu pratyayakke I rIti vAkyakkondu prEraka ghaTakavannu sErisuva kelasa mAtravallade bEreyU kelavu kelasagaLive. vAkyadallondu mADuga ghaTakavideyAdare, antaha vAkyavannu I pratyaya keLage sUcisiruva hAge mUru rItigaLalli badalAyisaballudu. (ka) mEle sUcisida hAge isu pratyaya A vAkyakke ondu prEraka ghaTakavannu sErisaballudu. intaha sandabhragaLalli vAkyada mADuga ghaTaka kayyalli illavE mUlaka emba padadondige baruttade (8kha, 9kha nODi). (kha) eraDaneyadAgi, isu pratyaya A vAkyakke ondu hosa mADuga ghaTakavannu sErisaballududu. intaha sandabhragaLalli vAkyadalli modalu mADugavAgidda ghaTaka AgugavAguttade; vAkyadalli modalu bErondu Aguga ghaTakavittAdare, isu pratyayavannu baLasidAga A Agugavannu biTTubiDabEkAguttade.
(10ka) rAmu nadiyannu dATida. (10kha) sItApati rAmuvannu dATisida. (11ka) danagaLu hullu mEyuttive. (11kha) kxShNappa danagaLannu mEyisuttiddAne. (10kha)dalli kriyApadadondige isu pratyayavannu baLasalAgiddu, sItApati emba hosadondu ghaTaka adara mADugavAgi bandide. adaralli modaligidda (endare (10ka)dallidda) mADuga ghaTaka Aguga vAgide (rAmu ghaTaka annu pratyayadondige bandide) mattu modali gidda Aguga ghaTakavannu (nadi embudannu) vAkyadinda biTTu koDalAgide (11khadallU hIgeyE). kannaDada kelavu kriyApadagaLu I eraDu rItiya vAkyagaLallU baLakeyAgaballuvu. udAharaNegAgi, keLage koTTiruva (12ka-ga) vAkya gaLannu gamanisabahudu. (12ka) rAju mUru maylu ODida. (12kha) hari rAjuvina kayyalli mUru maylu ODisida. (12ga) hari rAjuvannu mUru maylu ODisida. mEle (12kha)dalli hari ghaTaka prErakavAgi bandiddu, modalu mADugavAgidda rAju ghaTaka mADugavAgiyE uLidide mattu kayyalli emba padadondige bandide. idakke badalu (12ga)dalli hari ghaTaka mADugavAgi bandide mattu rAju ghaTaka AgugavAgi (annu pratyayadondige) bandide. I mUru vAkyagaLallU mUru mayli embudu parimANavannu sUcisuva ondu amukhya ghaTaka. (ga) mUraneyadAgi, isu pratyaya mADuga ghaTakaviruva vAkyakke ondu hosa mADugavannu sErisuvudarondige adaralli modalidda mADuga ghaTakavannu kone ghaTakavAgi badalAyisaballudu. (13ka) magu bALEhaNNu tinnuttA ide. (13kha) muraLi maguvige bALEhaNNu tinnisuttA iddAne. (14ka) rAghava ondu kap majjige kuDida. (14kha) gangamma rAghavanige ondu kap majjige kuDisidaLu. (13kha)dalli muraLi emba ondu hosatAgiruva (endare (13ka)dalli illadidda) mADuga ghaTaka sErikonDide mattu adaralli modalige idda magu emba mADuga ghaTaka kone ghaTakavAgi badalAgiddu ge pratyaya dondige baLakeyAgide. intaha vAkyagaLallU hosadAgi ondu mADuga ghaTakada badalu prEraka ghaTakavannu sErisikoLLalu sAdhyavide; hAge mADidAga modalidda mADuga ghaTaka mADugavAgiyE uLiyuttadAdarU kayyalli emba padadondige baruttade. (15ka) avanu mUru capAti tinda. (15kha) nAnu avanige mUru capAti tinniside. (15ga) nAnu avana kayyalli mUru capAti tinniside. (gha) mADuga ghaTakavillada vAkyagaLa kriyApadagaLige isu pratyaya sEridAga avakkella hosadAgi mADuga ghaTakavondu sErikoLLuttade. (16ka) nIru kudiyitu. (16kha) jAnaki nIru kudisidaLu. (17ka) sItApatige parIkSheya suddi muTTide. (17kha) rAju sItApatige parIkSheya suddi muTTisiddAne. (16ka)dalli mADuga ghaTakavilla; Adare (16kha)dalli kudi kriyApadakke isu pratyayavannu sErisalAgideyAda kAraNa, adaralli jAnaki emba mADuga ghaTakavondu hosatAgi sErikonDide. isu pratyayada baLakeyAdAga, vAkyada kriyApadavannavalambisi adara ghaTakagaLalli bEreyU kelavu badalAvaNegaLu kANisuttave. udaharaNegAgi, keLage koTTiruva nAlku badalAvaNegaLannu gamanisa bahudu.
(Ga) meccu illavE nambu kriyApadakke isu pratyayavannu sErisidAga, adara Aguga mADugavAguttade, mattu mADuga AgugavAguttade. (18ka) rAmu jAnakiyannu nambida. (18kha) jAnaki rAmuvannu nambisidaLu. (ca) hedaru, sOlu, rEgu, oppu modalAda bEre kelavu kriyApadagaLige isu pratyaya sEridAga avugaLa kone ghaTaka mADuga ghaTakavAguttade. (19ka) rAvaNa hanumantanige sOta. (19kha) hanumanta rAvaNanannu sOlisida. (cha) kANu mattu kELu kriyApadagaLige isu pratyaya sEridAga avugaLa mADuga ghaTaka kone ghaTakavAguttade. (20ka) avanu ondu hADannu kELida. (20kha) avanige ondu hADu kELisitu.
(ja) tere, oDe, suDu modalAda bEre kelavu kriyApadagaLu mADuga ghaTakadondigU baraballuvu, mADuga ghaTakavilladeyU baraballuvu. intaha kriyApadagaLige isu pratyayavannu sErisidalli, avu prErakadondige mAtra baraballuvallade prErakavillade baralAravu. (21ka) bAgilu tereyitu. (21kha) huDuga bAgilu tereda. (21ga) Ake huDugana kayyalli bAgilu teresidaLu. (21ka)dalli tere kriyApadadondige Aguga ghaTaka (bAgilu) mAtra bandide; (21kha)dalli adE kriyApadadondige mADuga (huDuga) mattu Aguga (bAgilu)gaLeraDU bandive; (21ga)dalli A kriyApadakke isu pratyayavannu sErisalAgideyAda kAraNa adarondige Aguga (bAgilu) mattu mADuga (huDuga) ghaTakagaLu mAtravallade prEraka ghaTakavU (Ake embudU) bandide.

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5.5 vAkyada naDuve kANisuva kriyArUpagaLu

nAvu iduvarege pariSIlisida kriyArUpagaLella vAkyada koneyalli baruva mukhya kriyApadada rUpagaLu. ondu vAkyavannu innondu vAkyadondige jODisi hELabEkAdAga illavE innondu vAkyada illavE padakanteya oLavAkyavannAgi mADi hELabEkAdAga, antaha vAkyadalli baruva mukhya kriyApada vAkyada naDuve kANisikoLLuttade. I rIti vAkyada naDuve kANisikoLLuva kriyApadakke vAkyada koneyalli baruva kriyApadakkinta bhinnavAda rUpaviruttade. udAharaNegAgi, vAkyada naDuve baruva kriyApadadondige ghaTaka vannu sUcisuva pratyaya baruvudilla. endu, emba, O embantaha etti hELuva pada illavE pratyayagaLondige baruva kriyArUpagaLu mAtra idakke apavAdagaLu. vAkyada naDuve baruva kriyApadadondige samaya pratyaya baraballudAdarU adakke kelavu sandabhragaLalli vAkyada koneyalli baruva samaya pratyayakkinta bEreyE arthaviruttade.
I rIti vAkyada naDuve baruva kriyArUpagaLalli entaha pratyaya gaLella baruttave mattu avugaLa baLake hEge embudannu keLagina upa vibhAgagaLalli vivarisalAgide.

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5.5.1 jODisuva rUpagaLu

ondu vAkyavannu innondu vAkyadondige jODisi hELuvudakkAgi mUru vidhAnagaLu baLakeyalliddu, A vAkyada mukhya kriyApadadalli kelavu badalAvaNegaLannu mADuvudara mUlaka adannu innondu vAkyadondige jODisuvudu ivugaLalli ondu embudannu nAvu munde enTanE adhyAyadalli nODaliruvevu. I vidhAnadalli baLakeyAguva jODisuva kriyArUpadalli samayavannu sUcisuva pratyaya baruttade, Adare ghaTakavannu sUcisuva pratyaya baruvudilla. (22ka) rAju manege hOgi nidde mADida. (22kha) jAnaki manege hOgi aDuge mADidaLu. (22ga) rAju manege hOgalu rikShA hattida. hOguva ghaTaneyannu naDesida vyakti (22ka)dalli obba ganDasu mattu (22kha)dalli obba hengasu; hIgiddarU iveraDu vAkyagaLallU hOgi emba ondE kriyArUpa jODisuva rUpavAgi bandide.
(22ka) mattu (22kha) vAkyagaLalli modalaneya ghaTane eraDane yadara modalE naDediruttade. Adare (22ga)dalli modalaneya ghaTane naDeyuvantahadAgide. I vyatyAsavannu eraDaneyadara anantara sUcisuvudakkAgi (22ka-kha)gaLalli hOgi emba kriyArUpavannU, mattu (22ga)dalli hOgalu emba kriyArUpavannU baLasalAgide. I rIti I jODisuva kriyArUpagaLu ghaTanegaLa samayadalli kANisuva vyatyAsagaLannu sUcisaballuvu, Adare avugaLa ghaTakagaLalli kANisuva vyatyAsagaLannu sUcisalAravu.

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5.5.2 samayavannu sUcisuva pratyayagaLu

samayavannu sUcisuvudakkAgi intaha jODisuva kriyArUpagaLalli baruva pratyayagaLigU mattu vAkyada koneya kriyArUpagaLalli baruva pratyayagaLigU naDuve halavu vyatyAsagaLive.
mEle 5.2ralli vivarisiruva hAge, vAkyada koneyalli baruva kriyArUpagaLu ghaTaneyondara samayavannu vAkyavannADuva samayakke sambandhisidante sUcisuttave. A ghaTane vAkyavannADuva samayakkinta hinde naDedudembudannu sUcisalu avugaLalli ‘hindina samaya’da pratyayavU mattu adu A samayada anantara naDeyuvantahadu embudannu sUcisalu ‘mundina samaya’da pratyayavU baLakeyAgu ttave. ghaTaneya samayakkU mattu vAkyada samayakkU naDuviruva sambandhavannu I rIti vAkyada koneya kriyArUpavE tiLisuva kAraNa adannE puna: vAkyada naDuve baruva jODisuva kriyArUpagaLu tiLisuva avaSyakateyilla. hAgAgi, jODisiruva eraDu vAkyagaLu tiLisuva ghaTanegaLa naDuve samayada maTTige entaha sambandhavide embudannu mAtra jODisuva kriyArUpadalli baruva samaya pratyayagaLu tiLisuttave. keLagina vAkyagaLalli I eraDu rItiya pratyaya gaLU bandiddu, avugaLa naDuviruva vyatyAsa spaShTavAgi kANisuttade. (23ka) rAju manege hOgi nidde mADida. (23kha) rAju manege hOgi nidde mADuttAne. (23ka)dalli samayavannu sUcisuvudakkAgi hOgu kriyApadadondige i pratyaya bandide mattu mADu kriyApadadondige d pratyaya bandide. (idallade, mADu kriyApadadondige ghaTakavannu sUcisuva a pratyayavU bandide). illi i pratyaya manege hOguva ghaTane nidde mADuva ghaTaneginta modalE naDedide embudannu tiLisuttade, mattu d pratyaya nidde mADuva ghaTane (23ka) vAkyavannu ADiruva samayakkinta modalE naDedide embudannu sUcisuttade. (23ka) vAkyadalli manege hOguva ghaTane A vAkyavannADiruva samayakkinta modalE naDedideyemba artha sUcitavAguvudAdarU adu nEravAgi hOgu kriyApadadondige baruva i pratyayadinda sUcitavAguvudilla; adakke badalu, mADu kriyApadadondige baruva d pratyayadinda (mattu manege hOguva ghaTane nidde mADuva ghaTaneginta modalE naDedide embudarinda) sUcitavAguttade.
i pratyayakke I rIti eraDaneya ghaTanege sambandhisidantaha samayavannu sUcisuva arthavideyallade vAkyavannu ADiruva samayakke sambandhisidante samayavannu sUcisuva arthavilla embudannu mEle koTTiruva (23kha) vAkya spaShTapaDisuttade. I vAkyadallU hOgu kriyApadadondige i pratyaya bandide. Adare mADu kriyA padadondige mundina samayavannu sUcisuva utta pratyaya bandideyAda kAraNa, illi manege hOguva ghaTane (23kha) vAkyavannu ADiruva samayada anantara (endare ‘mundina’ samayadalli) naDe diralu sAdhyavide.
eraDu ghaTanegaLa naDuve keLage sUcisida hAge avu naDeyuva samayakke sambandhisidante nAlku rItiya sambandhagaLiralu sAdhyavide. (1) modalaneya vAkya sUcisuva ghaTane eraDaneya vAkya sUcisuva ghaTaneginta modalu naDeyuvantahadirabahudu,
(2) modalaneya vAkya sUcisuva ghaTane eraDaneya vAkya sUcisuva ghaTaneginta anantara naDeyuvantahadirabahudu,
(3) eraDu vAkyagaLu sUcisuva ghaTanegaLU ondE samaya dalli naDeyuvantahavirabahudu, illavE
(4) modalaneya vAkya sUcisuva ghaTane naDeyade eraDaneya vAkya sUcisuva ghaTane naDeyuvantirabahudu.
I nAlku rItiya sAdhyategaLannu sUcisuvudakkAgi modalaneya vAkyada kriyApadadondige nAlku rItiya pratyayagaLannu baLasalu sAdhyavide embudannu keLagina udAharaNegaLalli kANabahudu. (24ka) nAnu sIbehaNNannu bEyisi kattariside. (24kha) nAnu sIbehaNNannu bEyisalu kattariside. (24ga) nAnu sIbehaNNannu bEyisuttA kattariside. (24gha) nAnu sIbehaNNannu bEyisade kattariside. mElina vAkyagaLalli pratiyondarallU sIbehaNNannu bEyisuvudu mattu sIbe haNNannu kattarisuvudu embudAgi eraDeraDu ghaTane gaLannu sUcisalAgide.
(24ka)dalli I eraDu ghaTanegaLalli modalaneyadu (bEyisu vudu) eraDaneyadakkinta modalu naDedideyendu sUcisalAgide; (24kha)dalli modalaneyadu eraDaneyadara anantara naDeyuvantahadu endu sUcisalAgide; (24ga)dalli iveraDU oTTige naDedive endu sUcisalAgide; mattu (24gha)dalli modalaneyadu naDeyade eraDane yadu naDedideyendu sUcisalAgide. eraDu ghaTanegaLa naDuve avugaLa samayadalli kANisuva I nAlku rItiya sambandhagaLannu sUcisuvudakkAgi avugaLalli modalaneya ghaTaneyannu sUcisuva kriyApadadondige anukramavAgi i, alu, uttA mattu ade emba nAlku pratyayagaLannu baLasalAgide.
ivugaLalli i pratyayavu adakkiruva kelavu rUpagaLalli hindina samayada pratyayada hAgeyE kANisuttade; Adare bEre kelavu rUpagaLalli adu bhinnavAgide. uttA pratyayavU mundina samayavannu sUcisuva utta pratyayavannu hOluttade. Adare arthadalli I eraDu pratyayagaLU mEle vivarisida pratyayagaLiginta bhinnavAgive (jAsti vivaragaLige bhaT 1999:20-28 nODi). ade emba nAlkaneya pratyayavannu mAtra samaya pratyayavendu parigaNisuva badalu allagaLeyuva pratyayavendu parigaNisalu sAdhya vide. yAkendare, adu samayada maTTige eraDu ghaTanegaLu sambandhi silla embudAgi sUcisuttideyendu hELalU sAdhya.
vAkyagaLannu pada illavE padakantegaLondige sambandhisuvudakkAgi baLasuva a pratyayadeduru ad emba allagaLeyuva pratyaya baru ttadeyembudannu nAvu keLage 5.6ralli nODaliruvevu. jODisuva vAkyagaLalli ghaTaneyondannu allagaLeyuvudakkAgi baruva ade emba pratyayakkU mattu I ad pratyayakkU naDuve sambandhavannu kalpisalu sAdhyavide.
baru mattu taru emberaDu kriyApadagaLige ad pratyayadeduru iruva hAge I ade pratyayadedurU bAr mattu tAr emba viSiShTavAda rUpagaLiveyembudannu illi gamanisabahudu. (25ka) avanu bArade nAnu hOguvudilla. (25kha) avanu bArade namma kelasa keTTuhOyitu.

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5.5.3 i pratyayada rUpagaLu

ondu ghaTane innondu ghaTaneginta modalE naDedide (athavA naDeyuttade) embudannu sUcisuva i pratyayakke kriyApadagaLa svarUpavannAdharisi bEre bEre rUpagaLive. mEle sUcisida hAge, I rUpagaLu kelavu viShayagaLalli hindina samayavannu sUcisuva pratyaya vannu hOluvuvAdarU bEre kelavu viShayagaLalli adakkinta bhinna vAgive. ukAradalli konegoLLuva heccina kriyApadagaLigU hindina samaya vannu sUcisuvudakkAgi id pratyayavannu sErisalAguttade. ondu ghaTane innondakkinta modalu naDeyuvantahadembudAgi ‘modalina samaya’vannu sUcisuva pratyaya intaha kriyApadagaLondige i emba rUpadalli baruttade. kriyApada mADu
kELu
baduku
hindina samaya modalina samaya mADidaLu kELidaLu badukidaLu mElina udAharaNegaLalli hindina samayavannu sUcisuva pratyaya aLu pratyayadeduru id emba rUpadallU mattu modalina samaya vannu sUcisuva pratyaya i emba rUpadallU bandiruvudannu kANa bahudu. (26ka-kha)gaLalli I eraDu rUpagaLU bandive. (26ka) jAnaki ondu candada buTTi mADidaLu. (26kha) jAnaki ondu candada buTTi mADi nanage koTTaLu. mADu kriyApadadondige hindina (26ka)dalli samayavannu sUcisuvu dakkAgi id pratyaya bandide (adara anantara ghaTakavannu sUcisuva aLu pratyayavU bandide). idakke badalu (26kha)dalli adE kriyApadadondige modalina samayavannu sUcisuva i pratyaya bandide. (26kha)dalli I kriyApada vAkyada naDuve bandiruvudannu gamanisabahudu.
ikAradalli konegoLLuva kriyApadagaLondige hindina samayavannu sUcisuva pratyayakke d emba rUpavide, mattu modalina samayavannu sUcisuva pratyayakke du emba rUpavide. kriyApada holi
hindina samaya modalina samaya kuNidaLu kuDidaLu holidaLu kuNidu kuDidu holidu idE rItiyalli ekAradalli konegoLLuva kriyApadagaLondige hindina samayavannu sUcisuva pratyayakke d emba rUpavide mattu modalina samayavannu sUcisuva pratyayakke du emba rUpavide. kriyApada hindina samaya modalina samaya karedaLu
baredaLu
naDedaLu karedu baredu naDedu mElina niyamagaLige apavAdavAgi baruva kriyApadagaLallella (vivaragaLige 5.2.3 nODi) modalina samayada pratyaya hindina samayada pratyayada hAgeyE (endare adakke adara anantara anu, aLu modalAda ghaTakagaLannu sUcisuva pratyayagaLu bandAga kANisuva rUpada hAgeyE) ide. Adare I sannivESagaLalli hindina samayada pratyaya ondu vyanjanada rUpadalli (d, D, k, T, t ityAdigaLAgi) baruvudAdare modalina samayada pratyaya A vyanjana dondige ondu ukAravU sErikonDiruva rUpadalli (du, Du, ku, Tu, tu ityAdiyAgi) baruttade. kriyApada nagu koDu
koyyu tinnu kalitu nakku hindina samaya modalina samaya kalitaLu
nakkaLu
koTTaLu attaLu
unDaLu koydaLu tindaLu
koydu koTTu

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5.5.4 sambandhisuva rUpagaLu

vAkyavondannu ondu pada illavE padakanteyondige sambandhisuvu dakkAgi adara mukhya kriyApadakke a emba sambandhisuva pratyayavannu sErisabEkAguttade. I pratyayadeduru kriyApadadalli samayavannu sUcisuva pratyaya kANisikoLLuttade, Adare ghaTakavannu sUcisuva pratyaya kANisikoLLuvudilla.
(27ka) huDugi marakke hattidaLu. (27kha) marakke hattida huDugi hU koyyuttiddALe. (27ka)dalli bandiruva vAkyavannu huDugi padadondige sambandhisi (27kha)dalli hELalAgide, mattu idakkAgi adara koneyalli bandiruva hattidaLu kriyApadakke a pratyayavannu sErisalAgide. I pratyaya deduru ghaTakavannu sUcisuva aLu pratyaya bidduhOgide, Adare samayavannu sUcisuva d pratyaya uLidukonDide. hindina samayavannu sUcisuva pratyayakke adara anantara tu pratyayavannu biTTu itara ghaTakagaLannu sUcisuva pratyayagaLu bandAga yAva rUpa kANisuttadeyO adE rUpa adara anantara I sambandhavannu sUcisuva a pratyaya bandAgalU kANisuttade. tiLisuva rUpa huDugi bandaLu
mara oNagitu janaru hADidaru
elegaLu uduriduvu udurida elegaLu sambandhisuva rUpa banda huDugi oNagida mara hADida janaru samayavannu sUcisuva pratyayada anantara I mundina sambandhisuva pratyaya bandAga adakke uv emba bEreyE ondu rUpavide.
tiLisuva rUpa huDugi baruttALe mara oNaguttade
janaru hADuttAre elegaLu uduruttave uduruva elegaLu sambandhisuva rUpa baruva huDugi oNaguva mara hADuva janaru I uv pratyayadondige baruva kriyApadagaLa koneyalli ukAravideyAdare adu biddu hOguttade, mattu ikAra illavE ekAravideyAdare adara anantara yakAra baruttade. tiLisuva rUpa sambandhisuva rUpa gellu
ODuva gelluva kuDiyuva kareyuva ghaTaneyondannu allagaLeyuvudakkAgi kannaDadalli illa emba kriyArUpavannu baLasalAguttade. idannu kriyApadada jODaNeya rUpadondige (modalina samayavannu sUcisuva rUpadondige) baLasidalli adu A ghaTane vAkyavannADiruva samayakkinta hinde naDedira lillavembudAgi adannu allagaLeyuttade, mattu kriyApadada nAmapada rUpakke sErisidalli mundina samayadalli A ghaTane naDeyuvudilla embudAgi adannu allagaLeyuttade (heccina vivaragaLige 9.3.3 nODi).
vAkyagaLannu pada illavE padakantegaLondige sambandhisuva a pratyayadondige baLasidAga mAtra, intaha allagaLeyuva vAkyagaLalli samayada vyatyAsa illavAguttade. mEle vivarisida eraDu rItiya allagaLeyuva vAkyagaLU ondE rItiya sambandhisuva rUpadalli kANisikoLLuttave.
(28ka) huDuga SAlege hOgalilla. (28kha) SAlege hOgada huDuga peTTu tindiddAne. (29ka) huDuga SAlege hOguvudilla. (29kha) SAlege hOgada huDuga peTTu tinnuttAne. (28kha)dalli hOgalilla emba kriyArUpakke badalAgi hOgada emba sambandhisuva rUpabandide, mattu (29kha)dalli hOguvudilla emba kriyArUpakke badalAgiyU adE hOgada rUpavE sambandhisuva rUpavAgi baLakeyAgide. I rIti kriyApadagaLa allagaLeyuva rUpagaLannu sambandhisuva rUpagaLannAgi badalAyisidAga avu hindina mattu mundina samaya gaLa naDuviruva vyatyAsavannu sUcisalAravu embudannu keLagina vAkya gaLalli spaShTavAgi kANabahudu. (30ka) SAleyalli UTa mADada huDugarige hoTTenOvAgira (30kha) SAleyalli UTa mADada huDugarige aydu keji akki koDuttAre. (30ka)dalli bandiruva mADada emba sambandhisuva rUpa spaShTa vAgiyU mADalilla embudarinda siddhavAgide. Adare (30kha)dalli bandiruva adE mADada emba rUpa mADuvudilla embudarindalU (yAva huDugaru SAleyalli UTa mADuvudillavO avarige) siddhavAgiralu sAdhya embudannu gamanisabahudu. ghaTanegaLannu allagaLeyuvudakkAgi baruva I sambandhisuva kriyArUpagaLalli kriyApadadondige ad pratyaya baruttade. I pratyayakkEnE allagaLeyuva arthavideyAda kAraNa, adarondige illa emba padavannu baLasuva avaSyakateyilla. ad pratyayadeduru ukAradalli konegoLLuva kriyApadagaLa koneya ukAra biddu hOguttade, mattu ikAra illavE ekAradalli konegoLLuva kriyApadagaLa koneyalli yakAra sErikoLLuttade. mADu
mADada nillu mugi
nillada mugiyada bareyada baru mattu taru emba eraDu kriyApadagaLu mAtra I pratyayadeduru bAr mattu tAr emba rUpadalli baruttave. (31ka) huDugi maduvege baralilla. (31kha) maduvege bArada huDugi

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5.5.5 Sharattannu sUcisuva rUpa

ondu vAkya tiLisuva ghaTane innondu vAkya tiLisuva ghaTanege Sharattu embudannu sUcisuvudakkAgi modalaneya vAkyada mukhya kriyApadakke are pratyayavannu sErisalAguttade (8.3.3 nODi). Adare I pratyaya vannu kriyApadada hindina samayada rUpagaLige mAtravE sErisi hELalu sAdhya embudannu illi gamanisabahudu. (32ka) rAju bandare nanage manege hOgabahudu. (32kha) jAsti biskiT tindare hoTTenOvAdItu. (32ga) nIvu innomme I kaDe bandare nammallige banni. (32gha) Ake tanage EnAdarU sikkidare rAjuvigU koDuttALe. (32ka)dalli nAnu manege hOguvudu emba eraDaneya ghaTanege rAju baruvudu emba modalaneya ghaTane SharattAgide; idannu sUcisuvudakkAgi modalaneya baru kriyApadakke are pratyayavannu sErisi adannondu jODisuva kriyArUpavannAgi mADalAgide.
intaha SharattugaLella sAmAnyavAgi mundina samayadalli naDeya bahudAda ghaTanege sambandhisidavugaLu. hindina samayadalli naDeya bahudAgidda ghaTanege sambandhisidante ondu Sharattannu hELabEkiddalli adakkAgi eraDU vAkyagaLalli baruva kriyApadagaLondige iru kriyA padada rUpagaLannu baLasabEkAguttade. (33ka) nInu karediddare nAnu baruttidde. (33kha) parIkShege kUtiddare pAsAgabahudittu. (33ga) skUTarannu mellage ODisiddare apaghAtavAguttiralilla. (33ka)dalli Sharattannu sUcisuva modalaneya kriyApadadondige iddare emba kriyArUpavannU mattu Sharattige hondikonDante naDeyuva ghaTaneyannu sUcisuva eraDaneya kriyApadadondige idde emba kriyArUpavannU baLasalAgide. modalaneya kriyArUpadalli are pratyayavannu I iru kriyApadada hindina samayada rUpakke sErisa lAgide. (33kha-ga)gaLallU hIgeyE.

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5.5.6 kriyApadada nAmapadarUpagaLu

ondu vAkyavannu innondu vAkyada ghaTakavannAgi mADi hELalu mUru vidhAnagaLiveyembudannu nAvu munde ELaneya adhyAyadalli (7.3.2ralli) nODaliruvevu. ivugaLalli ondu vidhAnada baLakeyalli (embudu padada baLakeyalli) vAkyada kriyApadadalli yAva badalAvaNeyU naDeyade adu hAgeyE uLiyuttade. Adare, uLida eraDu vidhAnagaLa baLakeyalli (ike illavE udu pratyayagaLa baLake yalli) ghaTakavAgi baruva vAkyada kriyApadadallU kelavu badalA vaNegaLu kANisikoLLuttave. ike pratyayavannu sErisidAga kriyApadadondige baruva samaya vannu sUcisuva pratyaya mattu ghaTakavannu sUcisuva pratyaya - iveraDU biddu hOguttave. Adare udu pratyayavannu sErisidAga ghaTakavannu sUcisuva pratyaya biddu hOguvudAdarU samayavannu sUcisuva pratyaya hAgeyE uLidukoLLuttade. I vyatyAsavannu keLagina vAkyagaLalli kANabahudu. (34ka) avanu kuNiyuvudu cannAgide. (34kha) avanu kuNidudu cannAgittu. (34ga) avana kuNiyuvike cannAgide/cannAgittu. udu pratyayadondige mundina samayavannu sUcisuvudakkAgi uv pratyayavannU mattu hindina samayavannu sUcisuvudakkAgi d pratyayavannU (adara D, T, k, id modalAda bEre bEre rUpagaLalli) baLasalu sAdhya embudannu (34ka-kha)dalli kANabahudu.
Adare ike pratyayadondige I eraDu samayavannu sUcisuva pratyayagaLalli yAvudannU baLasalu sAdhyavAgadembudannu hindina samayada mattu mundina samayada ghaTanegaLeraDannU sUcisaballa kuNiyuvike padada baLakeyalli (34gadalli) kANabahudu. illi ike pratyayavannu nEravAgi kriyApadakkEnE sErisalAgide. udu pratyayadondige ghaTaneyannu allagaLeyuvudakkAgi ad pratyayavannu baLasalu sAdhyavide. Adare A pratyayakke illi hindina ghaTaneyannu allagaLeyuva arthavideyallade mundina ghaTaneyannu allagaLeyuva arthavilla. I eraDaneya arthavannu sUcisuvudakkAgi vAkyada mukhya kriyApadadondige iru kriyApadada rUpagaLannu baLasuva avaSyakateyide.
(35ka) avaLu ninne hADadudannu yArU gamanisiralilla. (35kha) avaLu nALe hADadiruvudakke nIvE kAraNa. (35ka)dalli allagaLeyuva ad pratyaya udu pratyayadondige hADadudannu emba nAmapadarUpadalli bandiruvudannu kANabahudu. Adare I rUpakke hindina ghaTaneyondannu allagaLeyuva artha mAtravE ide. mundina ghaTaneyondannu allagaLeyuvudakkAgi (35kha) dalli ad pratyayadondige iru kriyApadada iruvudu emba rUpavannu (hADadiruvudakke embudaralli) baLasabEkAgide.

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5.6 kUDupadagaLu

ondu vAkyada kriyApadavannu adara ‘jODisuva’ rUpakke badalA yisuvudara mUlaka adannu innondu vAkyadondige jODisi hELalu sAdhya embudannu nAvu mEle (5.4.1-3)ralli nODiruvevu. intaha vAkyagaLalli mUru bEre bEre samayagaLannu sUcisuva jODisuva kriyArUpagaLu baLakeyAguttave. (36ka) rAju mangaLUrige hOgi ondu pustaka tandidda. (36kha) rAju ondu pustaka taralu mangaLUrige hOgidda. (36ga) rAju mangaLUrige hOguttA ondu pustaka mugisida. mElina mUru vAkyagaLallU eraDeraDu vAkyagaLannu jODisalAgiddu, adakkAgi modalaneya vAkyada kriyApadavannu hOgi, hOgalu mattu hOguttA emba jODisuva rUpakke badalAyisalAgide. kannaDadalli I jODisuva vidhAnada mUlaka eraDu vAkyagaLannu mAtravallade eraDu kriyApadagaLannU oTTige jODisi hELalu sAdhyavide, mattu idara mUlaka ‘kUDupada’gaLemba kelavu viSiShTavAda kriyArUpagaLannu tayArisalu sAdhyavide. udAharaNegAgi keLagina vAkyagaLannu gamanisabahudu. (37ka) kappunAyi A huDuganannu kaccibiTTitu. (37kha) prakASa cennayge hOgiddAne. (37ga) avaru magaLa manege hOguttiddAre. (37gha) ivattu maLe baralAradu. (37ka)dalli kaccu kriyApadada jODisuva rUpadondige biDu kriyApadavannu sErisi hELalAgide. Adare illi eraDu vAkyagaLa jODaNeyAgideyendu hELuvudu mAtra svalpa kaShTa. yAkendare, (37ka) vAkyavannu keLagina eraDu vAkyagaLa jODaNeyinda sAdhisalu sAdhyavAgadu. (38ka) kappu nAyi A huDuganannu kaccitu. (38kha) kappu nAyi A huDuganannu biTTitu. idE rItiyalli mEle koTTiruva itara (37kha-gha) vAkyagaLallU eraDu vAkyagaLa jODaNeyAgideyendu hELuvudu kaShTa. I vAkyagaLella cAritrikavAgi jODisiruva vAkyagaLE. Adare rUDhiyalli I jODaNegaLige kelavu heccina arthagaLu bandiddu, adarindAgi I vAkyagaLa eraDaneya kriyApadagaLu avugaLa mUlArtha vannu bahaLa maTTige kaLedukonDive. modalaneya kriyApada sUcisuva ghaTaneya kuritAgi heccinadannEnAdarU hELuva artha mAtravE avakkiddu, adakkinta bhinnavAda bErondu ghaTaneyannu sUcisuva artha avakkilla. hAgAgi, intaha vAkyagaLalli eraDu vAkyagaLu jODikonDive yendu hELuva badalu, eraDu kriyApadagaLannu oTTige sErisi tayArisalAgiruva kelavu viSiShTavAda kriyApadagaLu bandiveyendu tOruttade. udAharaNegAgi, mEle hELuvudE oLLeyadendu koTTiruva (36ka-gha) vAkyagaLalli kaccibiDu, hOgiru, hOguttiru mattu baralAr- emba viSiShTavAda kriyApadagaLu bandiveyendu hELabahudu. kelavu viShayagaLalli I viSiShTavAda kriyApadagaLu nAmapadagaLa baLakeyalli kANisuva ‘jODupada’gaLannu hOluttaveyembudannu gamanisabahudu. udAharaNegAgi, jODupadagaLa hAge ivugaLa artha vannu avugaLa angagaLAgi bandiruva padagaLa arthadinda nEravAgi paDeyalu sAdhyavAgadu. Adare mEle 4.2.1ralli sUcisida hAge nAmapadagaLa baLakeyalli jODupadagaLannu racisikoLLuva vidhAna jArige baralu avannu hesarisuvudu mattu varNisuvudu embudAgi eraDu bEre bEre kelasa gaLalli toDagisabEkAguttadeyembudE mukhya kAraNa. Adare, kriyApada gaLa baLakeyalli I eraDu rItiya kelasagaLu baruvudilla. avugaLa baLakeyalli kANisuva mEle vivarisidantaha viSiShTa rUpagaLige bEreyE kAraNagaLiddu, avugaLindAgi I rUpagaLu halavu viShayagaLalli
jODupadagaLiginta bhinnavAgive. udAharaNegAgi, I viSiShTavAda kriyArUpagaLalli baruva modalaneya kriyApadada arthadalli yAva badalAvaNeyU Agiruvu dilla. adu itara baLakegaLalli kANisuva hAge ondu ghaTaneyannu sUcisuttiruttade. eraDaneya kriyApada mAtra tanna svAtantryavannu kaLedukonDu modalaneya kriyApada sUcisuva ghaTaneya kuritAgi heccinadEnannAdarU tiLisuva kAryadalli niratavAgiruttade. jODupadada baLake idakkinta tIra bhinnavAdudu. adara angavAgi baruva eraDu nAmapadagaLU tamma mUlArthavannu kaLedukoLLa balluvu (4.3.1 nODi). idallade jODupadagaLannu tayArisi baLasuva kelasa bhASheyannu baLasuva janara hatOTiyalliruttade. idakke badalu, mEle vivarisidantaha kriyArUpagaLannu yArU prajYA pUvrakavAgi tayArisi baLasuva hAge kANisuvudilla. jODupadagaLigU mattu I viSiShTavAda kriyArUpagaLigU naDuve intaha halavu vyatyAsagaLiruva kAraNa, I kriyArUpagaLige bEreyE ondu hesarannu koDuva avaSyakateyide. idakkAgi ivannu jODupada gaLendu kareyuva badalu ‘kUDupada’ endu kareyabahudu (jAsti vivaragaLige bhaT 2002:179 nODi).

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5.6.1 samayada sUcane

ondu ghaTaneya samayavannu mUru bEre bEre dxShTikOnagaLa mUlaka sUcisalu sAdhyavide embudannu nAvu munde hannondanemya adhyAyadalli nODaliruvevu (11.5). I mUru dxShTikOnagaLannu samaya sambandha, Antarika kAlavyavasthe mattu yathArthate embudAgi hesarisabahudu. heccina bhAShegaLU ivugaLalli yAvudAdarU ondakke jAsti prAmukhyateyannu koDuttave.
kannaDada maTTige hELuvudAdare, ghaTaneya samayakkU mattu adannu varadimADuttiruva ADugana samayakkU naDuviruva sambandhakke adara kriyArUpagaLalli heccina prAmukhyateyide. I kAraNakkAgi, kannaDada kriyArUpagaLalli samaya pratyayagaLannu prAmukhyavAgi I samaya sambandhavannu sUcisuvudakkAgiyE baLasalAguttade. ghaTanegaLa Antarika kAlavyavasthe mattu yathArthategaLannu kannaDada kriyArUpagaLa mUlaka nEravAgi sUcisalu sAdhyavAgadu. Adare mEle vivarisidantaha kUDupadagaLemba viSiShTavAda racanegaLa mUlaka kannaDadalli ghaTaneya samayavannu I eraDu dxShTikOnagaLa mUlaka varadi mADalu sAdhyavide. udAharaNegAgi, kriyApadagaLa jODisuva rUpagaLondige biDu, ADu, bahudu, iru modalAda kriyApadagaLa pUrNarUpagaLannu sErisi racisida kUDupadagaLa mUlaka ghaTaneya Antarika kAlavyavasthe mattu yathArthategaLannu sUcisalu sAdhyavide.
(39ka) huDuga mancadinda keLage bidda. (39kha) huDuga mancadinda keLage biddubiTTa. (39ga) huDuga mancadinda keLage bILabahudu.
(39kha)dalli bILu kriyApadada sAmAnya rUpakke badalAgi adannu biDu kriyApadadondige sErisi tayArisida biddubiDu emba kUDu padavannu baLasalAgide. bILu kriyApadada I eraDu baLakegaLa naDuve ghaTaneya Antarika kAlavyavastheya maTTige vyatyAsavideyendu hELa bahudu. biddubiTTa emba kUDupadakke bILuva ghaTane naDedu mugiyitu embudAgi pUrNArthavannu koDuva heccina arthavide. idE rItiyalli (39ga)dalli bandiruva bILabahudu emba kUDupadakke bILuttAne emba sAmAnya rUpakkinta bhinnavAda arthavide. idu ghaTaneya yathArthatege sambandhisidudu. bILuttAne embudara baLakeyalli ghaTane naDeyuva viShayadalli niScitateyide, Adare bILabahudu embudara baLakeyalli antaha niScitateyilla.
sAmAnyavAgi intaha samayada jODisuva rUpavannu baLasideyAdalli avu ghaTaneya Antarika kAla vyavastheyannU mattu mundina samayada jODisuva rUpavannu baLasideyAdalli avu ghaTaneya yathArthateyannU sUcisuttave. kUDupadagaLalli hindina

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5.6.2 iru kriyApadada baLake

intaha kUDupadagaLalli iru kriyApadavannu modalu, anantara mattu ondE samayadalli embudAgi mUru rItiya jODisuva rUpa gaLondigU baLasalu sAdhyavide.
(40ka) rAju cennayge hOgiddAne. (40kha) rAju cennayge hOgaliddAne. (40ga) rAju cennayge hOguttiddAne. (40ka) vAkyadalli modalina ghaTaneyannu sUcisuva hOgi emba kriyArUpadondige iru kriyApadada Igina rUpa (iddAne) bandide. idakke hOguva ghaTane pUrNagonDideyAdarU adara prabhAva pUtri aLidilla emba ghaTaneya kAlavyavasthege sambandhisida arthavide.
I vAkyadallE iru kriyApadada hindina rUpavannu baLasidalli A ghaTane pUtriyAgiruvudu mAtravallade adara prabhAvavU aLidide emba artha baruttade. (40gha) rAju cennayge hOgidda. rAju cennayyinda maraLi bandilla emba artha (40ka) vAkyakkide, Adare (40gha) vAkyakkilla embudannu gamanisabahudu.
idE rItiyalli iru kriyApadada mundina rUpavannu baLasi mElina kUDupadavannu tayArisidalli adakke mundina ondu samayadalli ghaTaneya prabhAva uLidiruttade emba artha baruttade. (40Ga) nIvu baruvaShTaralli rAju cennayge hOgiruttAne. hOgaliddAne emba kUDupadakke munde naDeyaliruva ondu ghaTaneyannu sUcisuva arthavideyAdare, hOgalidda embudakke munde naDeyabEkidda (Adare nijakkU naDeyadiruva) ghaTaneyannu sUcisuva (yathArthatege sambandhisida) arthavide. hOguttiddAne embudakke mAtanADuva samayadalli naDeyuttA iruva kShaNikavallada ghaTaneyondannu sUcisuva arthavide. ghaTane kShaNikavalla emba artha adara Antarika kAlavyavasthege sambandhisidudu. I vAkyadallU iru kriyApadada hindina rUpavannu baLasi racisida hOguttidda emba rUpavannu baLasidalli, kShaNikavallada hOguva ghaTane mAtina samayakkinta hinde naDedudemba Artha baruttade, mattu adE kriyApadada mundina rUpavannu baLasi racisida hOguttiru ttEne embudannu baLasidalli antaha ghaTane mAtina samayada anantara naDeyuvudemba artha baruttade. intaha mUru rItiya kUDupadagaLallU iru kriyApada hindina, mundina mattu Igina samayagaLannu sUcisuttiralu sAdhyavideyAda kAraNa, samayada maTTige oTTu ombattu kriyArUpagaLu intaha kUDupadada mUlaka siddhavAguttave. jODisuva rUpa hindina samaya
modalinadu mADidda
anantaraddu mADalidda ondE samayaddu mADuttidda mundina samaya Igina samaya mADiruttAne mADiddAne mADaliruttAne mADaliddAne mADuttiruttAne mADuttiddAne

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5.6.3 koLLu padada baLake

modalina samayada jODisuva rUpadondige koLLu padada bEre bEre kriyArUpagaLannu sErisi kUDupadagaLannu tayArisalu sAdhyavide. I koLLu padakke svatantravAda baLakeyilla. cAritrikavAgi idakke paDe illavE tegedukoLLu emba arthavide. idara mUlaka tayArAguva kUDupadakke ondu ghaTane tAnAgi naDedide illavE obba vyakti adannu tanna hitakkAgi naDesiddAne emba arthavide. (41ka) rAju mUru puTa bareda. (41kha) rAju mUru puTa baredukonDa. (41ka)da prakAra rAju mUru puTa barediruvudu tanna hitakkAgiyU irabahudu illavE bErobbana hitakkAgiyU irabahudu; Adare (41kha)da prakAra Ata tanna hitakkAgi mAtravE mUru puTa barediddAne. Ata bEreyavara hitakkAgi barediddAne emba viShayavannu spaShTapaDisa bEkiddalli intaha vAkyagaLalli koDu kriyApadavannu baLasiruva kUDu padavannu keLage (41ga)dalli kANisidante baLasabEkAguttade. (41ga) rAju mUru puTa baredukoTTiddAne. ondu ghaTane tAnAgi naDedide embudannu sUcisuvudakkAgi I kUDupadavannu baLasuvudu sAdhya embudakke keLage koTTiruva (42ka- kha) vAkyagaLu udAharaNegaLAgaballuvu. (42ka) bAgilu tereyitu. (42kha) bAgilu teredukonDide. (42ka)da prakAra bAgilu tereyalu adannu yArAdarU terediruvudu kAraNavAgirabahudu, Adare (42kha)da prakAra adu tAnAgi (illavE gALige) teredukonDide (jAsti vivaragaLige bhaT 1978, SrIdhar 1990 nODi).

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5.7 sArAmSa

tiLisuva vAkyagaLa koneyalli mukhyakriyApadavAgi baruva kriyApada dondige adu sUcisuva ghaTaneya samayavannu mattu adaralli toDagiruva ghaTakagaLallondannu sUcisuvudakkAgi eraDu pratyayagaLu baruttave. I pratyayagaLige bEre bEre rItiya kriyApadagaLeduru bEre bEre rItiya rUpagaLiddu avu entahavu embudannU mattu I pratyayagaLondige bandAga kriyApadagaLalli entaha badalAvaNegaLella naDeyuttave embudannU mEle vivarisalAgide. idallade, vAkyagaLeraDannu jODisi hELidAga illavE ondu vAkya vannu innondu vAkyada oLavAkyavannAgi mADi hELidAga avugaLalli baruva kriyApadagaLa rUpadalli entaha badalAvaNegaLella kANisi koLLuttave embudannU mEle vivarisalAgide. ondu vAkyavannu I rIti ondu ghaTane illavE sangatiyannu tiLisuva kelasadalli baLasuva badalu adara mUlaka yAvudAdarondu kelasavannu mADisikoLLuvudakkAgiyU baLasalu sAdhyavide. antaha sandabhragaLalli adaralli baruva kriyApadadalli bEreyE kelavu badalA vaNegaLannu naDesabEkAguttade. I badalAvaNegaLu entahavu embudannu munde hattaneya adhyAyadalli vivarisalAguvudu. English → | ಕನ್ನಡ →

adhyAya Aru — guNapadagaLa baLake

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6.1 pIThike

kannaDada vAkyagaLalli mukhyavAgi mUru rItiya guNapadagaLu baLake yAguttave.
(1) nAmapadagaLu gurutisuva vyakti, vastu modalAdavugaLa guNadharmavondannu sUcisuvudakkAgi padakantegaLalli baruva doDDa, cikka, hosa, haLe, agala, sapura, kempu, biLi modalAda guNapadagaLu,
(2) kriyApadagaLu tiLisuva ghaTaneya guNadharmavondannu vAkyagaLalli baruva mellage, bEga, sUcisuvudakkAgi doppane, daradarane, baLika, munce modalAda guNapadagaLu, mattu
(3) I eraDu rItiya guNapadagaLu sUcisuva guNadharmada pramANavannu tiLisuvudakkAgi avugaLondige baruva bahaLa, svalpa, oLLe, bhArI modalAda guNapadagaLu. I mUru rItiya guNapadagaLa baLakeyannU keLagina vAkyagaLalli kANa bahudu. (1ka) A doDDa maneyalli janaru mellage mAtanADuttAre. (1kha) ivaradu bahaLa doDDa jagaLa. (1ga) avaLu svalpa mellage naDeyuttiddALe. nAmapadagaLondige padakantegaLalli baruva guNapadagaLa baLake yentahadu embudannu nAlkaneya adhyAyadalli vivarisalAgide. kriyA padagaLondige mattu guNapadagaLondige baruva guNapadagaLa svarUpa mattu baLakegaLentahavu embudannu I adhyAyadalli nODaliruvevu.

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6.2 guNapadagaLa naDuviruva sAmyagaLu

nAmapada mattu kriyApadagaLondige baruva eraDu rItiya guNapada gaLa naDuve ondu mukhyavAda sAmyavide. averaDU yAvudAdarU ondu guNadharmavannu mAtravE sUcisuvudakkAgi baLakeyAguttave. I viShayadalli avu nAmapada mattu kriyApadagaLiginta bhinnavAgive.
nAmapadagaLu vyakti, vastu modalAduvannu gurutisuvudakkAgi baLakeyAguttiddu, avugaLa mUlaka halavu guNadharmagaLu sUcita vAguttiralu sAdhyavide. idE rItiyalli kriyApadagaLu ghaTaneyondannu tiLisuvudakkAgi baLakeyAguttiddu, A ghaTaneya mUlakavU halavu guNa dharmagaLu sUcitavAguttiralu sAdhyavide. I kAraNakkAgi, yAvudAdarondu guNapadada baLake avaSyavA giruvantaha kelavu sandabhragaLalli guNapadavondannu baLasade bariya nAmapada illavE kriyApadagaLannu baLasalu sAdhyavAguvudilla. kelavomme hAge baLasidarU alli guNapadavondu sUcitavAgu ttiruttade. intaha sandabhragaLalli mEle vivarisiruva eraDu rItiya guNapadagaLU (nAmaguNapadagaLu mattu kriyAguNapadagaLu) bara balluvu embudu I eraDu rItiya guNapadagaLa naDuviruva sAmya vannu sUcisuttade. nAmapada illavE kriyApadagaLondige guNapadavondannu baLasalE bEkAguva intaha sandabhragaLalli mukhyavAda kelavannu keLage koDa

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6.2.1 guNadharmada pramANavannu sUcisuva padagaLu

mEle sUcisida eraDu rItiya guNapadagaLU guNadharmavondara pramANavannu sUcisaballa bahaLa, svalpa, bhArI modalAda guNapada gaLondige baraballuvu. (2ka) idu bahaLa doDDa mara. (2kha) avanu bahaLa bEga malagida. pramANavannu sUcisuva guNapadagaLu sAmAnyavAgi nAmapada illavE kriyApadagaLondige nEravAgi sErikoLLuvudilla. kelavu sandabhragaLalli avannu A rIti sErisalu sAdhyavAguvudAdarU antaha baLakegaLalli yAvudAdarU ondu guNapada sUcitavAguttiruttade. (3ka) avaru bhArI mane kaTTisiddAre. (3kha) avaru tamma kannaDakavannu bahaLa huDukidaru. (3ka)dalli bhArI mane embudakke bhArI doDDa mane emba arthavU mattu (3kha)dalli bahaLa huDukidaru embudakke bahaLa hottu huDukidaru emba arthavU baruttade. hAgAgi, illi mUraneya vibhAgada bhArI mattu bahaLa emba guNapadagaLu nEravAgi hELa diddarU sUcyavAgiruva guNapadagaLa pramANavannE tiLisuttive.

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6.2.2 hOlikeyannu sUcisuva vAkyagaLu

hOlikeyannu sUcisuva vAkyagaLallella yAvudAdarondu guNapada baralEbEkemba niyamavide. idu nAmaguNapadavirabahudu illavE kriyAguNapadavirabahudu. (4ka) adaraShTu doDDa kaTTaDa illilla. (4kha) avaLaShTu mellage naDeyuvavarannu nAnu nODilla. (5ka) adakkinta doDDa kaTTaDa illilla. (5kha) avaLiginta mellage naDeyuvavarannu nAnu nODilla. intaha hOlikeya vAkyagaLalli kelavomme guNapadavondannu baLasa diralu sAdhyavide; hIgiddarU antaha vAkyagaLalli yAvudAdarondu guNapada sUcitavAgadiruvudilla.
(6ka) avaraShTu haNa nammallilla. (6kha) nAnu avaraShTu Odalilla.

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6.2.3 beragannu sUcisuva vAkyagaLu

beragannu sUcisuva vAkyagaLalli beragige AdhAravAgi yAvudAdarondu guNapadaviruva avaSyakateyide. Adare idu nAmaguNapadavirabahudu illavE kriyAguNapadavirabahudu. (7ka) avaradu eShTu doDDa mane! (7kha) avanu eShTu bEga ODida! intaha vAkyagaLallU kelavomme guNapadavondannu baLasadiralu sAdhya vide. Adare avugaLallU yAvudAdarondu guNapada sUcitavAga diruvudilla. (8ka) avana hattira eShTu (tumbA) pustakagaLive! (8kha) avanu hEge (jOrAgi) ODida!

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6.3 kelavu vyatyAsagaLu

nAmapadagaLondige padakantegaLa angavAgi baruva nAmaguNapada mattu kriyApadagaLondige vAkyada angavAgi baruva kriyAguNapada iveraDara naDuve mEle vivarisidantaha sAmyagaLu mAtravallade kelavu vyatyAsa gaLU ive. I guNapadagaLu eraDu rItiya padagaLondige (nAmapada gaLondige mattu kriyApadagaLondige) bEre bEre rItiya kelasagaLannu naDesuvudakkAgi barabEkAguttade embudE avugaLa naDuve kANisuva I vyatyAsagaLige mUla kAraNa.

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6.3.1 niScitavAda jAga

nAmapadagaLondige baruva guNapadagaLige padakanteyalli ondu niScitavAda jAgaviddu adannu badalAyisuvudu kaShTasAdhya. idallade, adu ondu nAmapadada adhInavAgiruva kAraNa, A nAmapadavannu biTTu bEre kaDege hOguva svAtantryavU adakkilla. Adare, kriyApada gaLondige baruva guNapadagaLige I rIti vAkyadalli ondu niScitavAda jAgavembudilla. sAmAnyavAgi avu kriyApadada edurigEnE baruvu vAdarU bEre bEre kAraNagaLigAgi avannu vAkyada itara jAgagaLige vagrAyisalu sAdhyavide. padakantegaLalli guNapadagaLu nAmapadada modalu baruttave. avu nAmapadada anantara bandare adondu vAkyavAguttadallade padakante yAgi uLiyuvudilla. udAharaNegAgi, kempu hU embudu ondu padakante, Adare hU kempu embudu ondu vAkya. (9ka) A giDadallondu kempu hU araLide. (9kha) A giDada hU kempu. Adare vAkyada angavAgi baruva guNapadagaLannu kriyApadada anantaravU baLasalu sAdhyavide. idu modalige baLasalu maretu hOgidda guNadharmavondannu sUcisuttirabahudu illavE A guNa dharmada mEle heccina ottu koDalu I rIti baLakeyAgirabahudu. I viShayadalli kriyAguNapada vAkyada itara ghaTakagaLa hAge vatrisu ttade. avannU I rIti vAkyada konege vagrAyisalu sAdhyavide. (10ka) avanu bahaLa mellage OduttAne. (10kha) avanu OduttAne, bahaLa mellage. (11ka) avanige ondu cikka bahumAna sikkide. (11kha) avanige sikkide, ondu cikka bahumAna. (10ka)dalli bandiruva mellage emba kriyAguNapadavannu (10kha)dalli vAkyada konege (endare kriyApadada anantarada jAgakke) vagrAyisalu sAdhyavAgide. Adare, (11ka)dalli bandiruva cikka emba nAmaguNa padavannu I rIti vAkyada konege (endare nAmapadada anantarada jAgakke) vagrAyisalu sAdhyavAgadu. (11kha)dalli adannu I rIti vagrAyisalAgideyAdarU adarondige bahumAna emba nAmapada vannU (endare iDI ghaTakavannE vagrAyisabEkAgide) embudannu gamanisabahudu. vAkyada angavAgi baruva kriyAguNapadagaLannu vAkyada oLagEnE bEre jAgagaLigU vagrAyisalu sAdhyavide. Adare nAmapadagaLondige baruva guNapadagaLannu I rIti vAkyada bEre jAgagaLige vagrAyisalu sAdhyavAgadu. (12ka) Ata sAyibAbanannu bahaLa cannAgi nambiddAne. (12kha) Ata bahaLa cannAgi sAyibAbanannu nambiddAne. kriyAvAkyagaLalli baruva ghaTakagaLalli ondannu pratyEkisi vAkyada uLida bhAgadondige adu sambandhiside embudannu sUcisuvudakkAgi adannondu viShayavAkyada ghaTakavannAgi badalAyisalu sAdhyavide. (13ka) avanu rAjuvige hoDeda. (13kha) avanu hoDedaddu rAjuvige. (13ga) rAjuvige hoDedaddu avanu. (13kha)dalli rAjuvige emba ghaTakavannU mattu (13ga)dalli avanu emba ghaTakavannU (13ka)dalli bandiruva vAkyadinda pratyEkisi, eraDu rItiya viShayavAkyagaLannu tayArisalAgide. vAkyadalli baruva kriyAguNapadagaLannU I rIti pratyEkisi, adu vAkyada uLida bhAgakke sambandhisideyembudAgi sUcisalu sAdhyavide. Adare padakanteyalli baruva nAmaguNapadagaLannu I rIti pratyEkisi hELalu sAdhyavAgadu. avannu padakanteyalli hAgeyE uLisikoLLuva avaSyakateyide. (14ka) avanu bahaLa mellage naDeyuttAne. (14kha) avanu naDeyuvudu bahaLa mellage. (15ka) avanige ondu cikka bahumAna sikkide. (15kha) avanige sikkidudu ondu cikka bahumAna. (14kha)dalli bahaLa mellage embudannu kriyApadadinda pratyEkisi adu kriyApadakke (mattu vAkyada itara bhAgagaLige) sambandhiside endu sUcisalu sAdhyavAgide. Adare, (15kha)dalli I rIti cikka (illavE ondu cikka) embudannu nAmapadadinda pratyEkisalu sAdhyavAgilla. adannu bahumAna emba nAmapadadondigEnE irisi iDI ghaTaka vannE A rIti sambandhisiruvantahadu embudAgi sUcisabEkAgide. sUcisuvudakkAgi baLakeyAguva guNapadagaLa bahaLa, svalpa modalAda mUraneya vibhAgakke (6.1 nODi) sEruva guNapadagaLU nAmaguNapadagaLa hAge ondu niScitavAda jAgadalli baruttave; kriyAguNapadagaLa hAge avannu bEre jAgagaLige vagrA guNadharmavannu yisalu sAdhyavAguvudilla embudannU mEle koTTiruva udAharaNe gaLinda tiLiyabahudu.

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6.3.2 E illavE U pratyayagaLa jote baLake

kriyAguNapadavondakke E pratyayavannu sErisuvudara mUlaka adannu otti hELalu sAdhyavide, mattu U pratyayavannu sErisuvudara mUlaka adondu heccina guNadharma embudAgi sUcisalu sAdhyavide. intaha eraDu vidhAnagaLallU nAmaguNapadagaLu baLakeyAgalAravu. (16ka) avanu bahaLa jOrAgiyE naDeyuttidda. (16kha) avanu mellagU naDeyaballa. I viShayadallU kriyAguNapadagaLu vAkyada itara ghaTakagaLa hAge vatrisuttave. vAkyada ghaTakagaLannU avugaLa hAge E illavE U pratyayagaLondige baLasalu sAdhyavide. (17ka) A mudukanE bahaLa jOrAgi naDeyuttidda. (17kha) A mudukanU bahaLa jOrAgi naDeyuttidda.

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6.3.3 pratidhvanisuva racaneyalli baLake

obba vyakti illavE vastuvannu aspaShTavAgi gurutisi hELabEkAdAga A vyakti illavE vastuvannu sUcisuva nAmapadadondige A nAmapadavannu pratidhvanisuva innondu padavannu sErisi hELuva vidhAna kannaDadalli baLakeyallide. keLagina (18ka-kha) vAkyagaLalli I vidhAnada baLakeyannu kANabahudu. (18ka) idaralli EnAdarU kallugillu ideyO nODu. (18kha) allige hOgabEDa, hAvugIvu iddItu. (18ka)dalli kallu padada anantara A padada ‘pratidhvani’yante kANisuva gillu pada sEride. I eraDu padagaLa jODikege kallu ityAdi emba arthaviddu, adu gurutisabEkAgiruva vastuvannu I jODike svalpa maTTige aspaShTavAgi sUcisuttade.
idE rItiyalli (18kha)dalli hAvu padada anantara gIvu embudu bandiddu, I jODikege hAvu ityAdi emba aspaShTavAda arthavide. kriyApadagaLondige baruva guNapadagaLannu I vidhAnadalli baLasi, avu sUcisuva guNadharma aspaShTavAdudu embudAgi sUcisalu sAdhya (19ka) avanu bEgagIga ella baralikkilla. (19kha) nIvu adannu beLLage giLLage ella mADuttEnendu kuLitare rAtriyAdItu. Adare, nAmapadagaLondige baruva guNapadagaLannu I vidhAnadalli baLasalu sAdhyavAgadu. idakke kAraNavEnendare, vyakti, vastu modalA davugaLannu gurutisuva kelasa heccu sulabhavAguva hAge mattu heccu khacitavAguva hAge nAmapadagaLondige I guNapadagaLannu baLasa lAguttade. hAgAgi avugaLa arthavannu ‘aspaShTa’vAgi mADuva mElina vidhAnakke avugaLa baLakeyalli yAva sthAnavU illa. guNapadaviruva padakantegaLannu (endara vAkyada ghaTakagaLannu) mAtra I vidhAnadalli baLasalu sAdhyavide. Adare hAge baLasidAga, nAmapadada edurigiruva tanna jAgavannu guNapada biTTukoDuvudilla. (20) ellAdarU kempuhUvu gempuhUvu sikkidare tanni. illi aspaShTavAgiruvudu hUvina baNNavalla, hUvE embudannu gamanisabahudu.

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6.3.4 pratyayagaLa baLake

nAmapada mattu kriyApadagaLondige baraballa I eraDu rItiya guNapadagaLigU avugaLadE Ada kelasagaLiddu, adakkinta binnavAda kelasavondaralli avannu baLasabEkiddalli avakke yAvudAdarondu pratyayavannu sErisuva avaSyakateyide.
udAharaNegAgi, nAmapadagaLondige baruvudu nAmaguNapadagaLa kelasa. idakke badalu avannu kriyApadagaLondige avugaLa guNadharma vannu sUcisuvudakkAgi baLasabEkAgiddalli avakke yAvudAdarU pratyaya vannu sErisabEkAguttade.
(21ka) I kempu hU bahaLa cannAgide. (21kha) kammAranu nEgilina tudiyannu kempage kAyisida. (21ka)dalli kempu guNapada hU emba nAmapadadondige bandide. idannu kAyisida emba kriyApadadondige baLasuvudakkAgi (21kha) dalli adakke age pratyayavannu sErisabEkAgide. idE rItiyalli ondu kriyAguNapadavannu kriyApadada badalu nAmapadadondige baLasabEkiddalli adarondige sambandhavannu sUcisuva a pratyayavannu sErisabEkAguttade. (22ka) avanu A kelasavannu nALe mADali. (22kha) nInu nALina kelasavannu ivattE mADu. (23ka) avanu mellage mAtanADida. (23kha) avana mellagina mAtu nanage kELisalilla. (22ka)dalli jAgavannu sUcisuva nALe guNapada ondu kriyApada dondige (mADali embudarondige) adara ondu ghaTakavAgi bandide. adannE ondu nAmapadadondige (mAtu embudarondige) baLasuvu dakkAgi (22kha)dalli adakke a pratyayavannu sErisi nALina embudAgi badalAyisalAgide.
(23kha)dalli age pratyayavannu sErisi tayArisiruva mellage emba kriyAguNapadavU mAtu nAmapadadondige baruvudakkAgi I rIti a pratyayavannu paDeyabEkAgide. (I eraDu sandabhragaLallU guNapada gaLa koneyalli in embudu sErikonDiddu, adakke heccina artha vEnU illa.) naDuve, kaDege, tudi(yalli) modalAda bEre kelavu kriyAguNa guNapadagaLannAgi padagaLannu avugaLa badalAyisalu sAdhyavide. idakkAgiyU avakke sambandhavannu sUcisuva a pratyayavannu sErisuva avaSyakateyide. I pratyayadeduru avugaLalli bEre kelavu kUDikeya badalAvaNegaLU naDeyuttave embudannu kaTTa parimANavannu sUcisuva kaDege, motta modalu, tutta tudi(yalli) embantaha udAharaNe gaLalli kANabahudu.

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6.3.5 guNadharmadalli vyatyAsa

kriyAguNapada mattu nAmaguNapadagaLu sUcisuva guNadharmagaLa naDuveyU ondu prAmukhyavAda vyatyAsavide. kriyAguNapadagaLu sAmAnyavAgi kShaNikavAda illavE bEgane aLidu hOguvantaha guNadharmagaLannu sUcisuttave. Adare nAmaguNapadagaLu heccu samaya uLidukoLLaballantaha guNadharmagaLannu sUcisuttave. I vyatyAsakke kAraNavEnendare, kriyApadagaLu ghaTanegaLannu sUcisuttiddu, avugaLalli heccinavU ondu bArige naDedu hOgu vantahavugaLu. hAgAgi avugaLondige baruva kriyAguNapadagaLu bEgane aLiduhOguvantaha guNadharmagaLannu sUcisuttiddare sAku. sAmAnyavAgi ivu ghaTane naDeyuva krama, ghaTaneya jAga illavE ghaTaneya samayavannu sUcisuva guNapadagaLAgiruttave. idakke badalu, nAmapadagaLu sAmAnyavAgi heccu samaya badalAgade uLiyuva vyakti, vastu modalAduvannu sUcisuttave. hAgAgi, avugaLondige baruva nAmaguNapadagaLu heccu samaya uLiyuvantaha guNadharmagaLannu sUcisabEkAguttade. I guNapadagaLu sUcisuva aLate, baNNa, bhavtika guNadharmagaLu, ivella intaha svarUpa davAgive embudannu illi gamanisabahudu (4.3.2 nODi).

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6.3.6 vAkyaracaneya bEDikegaLu

kelavomme vAkyaracaneya bEDikegaLannu pUtrigoLisuvudakkAgi kShaNika guNadharmagaLannu nAmaguNapada sUcisuva kriyAguNapadagaLannu gaLannAgi baLasuva avaSyakate kanDubaruttade. udAharaNegAgi ondu
vAkyada koneya kriyApadakke ike pratyayavannu sErisuva mUlaka adannu innondu vAkyada oLavAkyavannAgi (ghaTakavannAgi) mADuvu diddalli adarondige baruva kriyAguNapadavannu nAmaguNapadavAgi badalAyisuva avaSyakateyide (7.3.2 nODi). (24ka) Ake gaTTiyAgi hADuttiddALe. (24kha) Akeya gaTTiyAda hADuvike illivaregU kELisuttide. Adare intaha sandabhragaLalli baruva nAmaguNapadagaLu nijakkU kriyAguNapadagaLAgiddu ghaTaneyondara guNadharmavannu sUcisuttive embudannu gamanisabahudu. (24kha)dalli hADuvike emba nAmapadavu ondu ghaTaneyannu sUcisuttide mattu I ghaTaneya guNadharma vondannu gaTTiyAda emba guNapada sUcisuttide. idE rItiyalli SASvatavAda guNadharmavondannu sUcisuva guNapadavannu kelavu sandabhragaLalli kriyAguNapadavannAgi mADi baLasuva avaSyakate kanDubaruttade. intaha sandabhragaLalli avu nEra vAgi ghaTaneya guNadharmavondannu sUcisuva badalu ghaTaneyalli toDagikonDiruva vyakti, vastu modalAdavugaLa guNadharmavondannu sUcisuttave. (25ka) Ake bALekAyiyannu teLLage kattarisuttiddALe. (25kha) avanu bAgilina hattira neTTage nintiddAne. (25ga) rAju raggu hodedukonDu beccage malagiddAne. mElina vAkyagaLalli bandiruva teLLage, neTTage mattu beccage emba guNapadagaLu kattarisu, nillu mattu malagu emba kriyApadagaLa viSEShaNagaLAgi bandiveyAdarU avu nEravAgi A kriyApadagaLu tiLisuva ghaTanegaLa guNadharmagaLannu sUcisuvudakkintalU avu naDe dudarindAgi illavE naDeyuttiruvAga avugaLa ghaTakagaLalli kANisuva guNadharmagaLannu sUcisuttive. udAharaNegAgi, kattarisuva ghaTane ondu vidhavAgi sAguttiruvudarindAgi adara mUlaka teLLagAgiruva vastugaLu siddhavAguttive emba artha (25ka) vAkyakkide. guNadharmavannu nEravAgi ghaTaneya

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6.4 aNakisuva guNapadagaLu

kannaDadalli sUcisuvantaha guNapadagaLu jAstiyilla. Adare, ghaTanegaLu naDeyuvAga avugaLa saddu, nOTa, spaSra modalAda guNadharmagaLa viShayadalli ADugana llunTAguva anubhavagaLannu sUcisuvudakkAgi antaha anubhavagaLannu ‘aNakisu’vantaha halavu padagaLannu guNapadagaLAgi baLasuva vidhAna kannaDadalli baLakeyallide.
(26ka) mElininda peTTige Dabbane keLage bittu. (26kha) avanu upparigeyinda daDadaDane keLagiLidu banda. (26ga) dIpa miNimiNi uriyuttittu. (26gha) avaLu ellavannU paTapaTane hELi mugisidaLu. (26Ga) adarinda gammane vAsane horasUsuttittu. kannaDadalli intaha guNapadagaLu keLagina udAharaNegaLalli kANisuva hAge mukhyavAgi mUru rUpagaLalli baLakeyAguttave.
(1) akSharagaLu mUriddu, eraDaneya akShara ottakSharavAgiruva padagaLu: sarrane, girrane, caTTane, doppane, bussane, taTTane, (2) akSharagaLu nAlkiddu, mUraneya akShara ottakSharavAgiruva padagaLu: gabakkane, taTakkane, kavakkane, baDakkane, tapakkane, caTakkane, pacakkane, duDummane, guLummane, ityAdi. (3) akSharagaLu aydiddu, yAvudU ottakSharavAgilladiruva katakatane, caTacaTane, padagaLu: giragirane, pakapakane, karakarane, kacakacane, ityAdi. gaNagaNane, daradarane, kilakilane, gaLagaLane, ivugaLalli mUraneya vibhAgakke sErida padagaLalli kelavu ane emba pratyayavilladeyU baLakeyAgaballuvu (udA: daradara, caTacaTa, ityAdi). idallade, bEre kelavu padagaLu yAvAgalU ane emba pratyayavilladeyE baruttave (udA: kiNikiNi, surusuru, piLipiLi, intaha aNakisuva guNapadagaLallella modalige yAvudAdarU suruvAguva aNakisuva padagaLu kannaDadalli illavendE hELabahudEnO.
idallade, intaha heccina padagaLallU giDDa svaragaLu mAtra baLakeyAguttave. paTArane mattu taTArane embantaha kelavE kelavu padagaLalli mAtra udda svara kANisikoLLuttade.
mUraneya vibhAgakke sEruva aydakSharaviruva guNapadagaLallella aNakavannu sUcisuva ondu pada eraDeraDu bAri baruttade. idallade vyanjanavilladiruvudilla. bahuSaH svaradalli intaha guNapadagaLalli udda svara mAtravallade ottakSharavU kANisi koLLuvudilla (bhaT 1999:192 nODi).

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6.5 jAgavannu sUcisuva guNapadagaLu

ondu ghaTane naDeyuvudu elli embudAgi adara jAgavannu sUcisalu kannaDadalli ondu guNapadavannAgali illavE adakkinta heccu svatantra vAgiruva ondu ghaTakavannAgali baLasalu sAdhyavide. I eraDu rItiya vAkyAngagaLa naDuve jAsti vyatyAsa illa. kelavu sandabhragaLalli nAvu baLasiruva vAkyAngavannu ondu guNapadavendu kareyabEkO athavA ondu ghaTakavendu kareyabEkO emba viShayadalli samSayavunTAgalu illavE abhiprAyabhEdavunTAgalu sAdhyavide. udAharaNegAgi, alli, illi, Ace, Ice, mEle, keLage, oLage, horage, hattira, dUra, hinde, munde modalAda bEre bEre rItiya jAgagaLannu sUcisuva padagaLannu guNapadagaLendu kareyalu sAdhyavide. Adare ivannE baLasi tayArisida namma maneyalli, mADina mEle, haTTiyinda dUra, halasina marada Ace modalAda padakantegaLu vAkyadalli bandAga avu mukhyavAda illavE mukhyavallada ghaTakagaLAgi kANisikoLLuttave. (27ka) nimma pustakavannu illi irisiddEne. (27kha) avaru koTTa haNavannu kapATinalli irisiddEne. (28ka) Atana gALipaTa bahaLa mEle hOgide. (28kha) avanu A pustakavannu tanna hosa mEjina mEle bareda. I guNapadagaLu ondu ghaTaneya jAgavannu nEravAgi sUcisuttira bahudu, illavE ADugana jAgakke sambandhisiruva hAge sUcisuttira bahudu. udAharaNegAgi, sutta, oLage, naDuve modalAda guNapada gaLu ghaTaneya jAgavannu nEravAgi sUcisaballuvu. avannu vAkyadalli baLasidAga, avu ghaTanege sambandhisidante yAva jAgavannu sUcisuttave embudannu tiLiyalu A vAkyavannADiruva vyakti elliddAne embudannu tiLiyuva avaSyakateyilla. Adare, Ace, Ice, alli, illi, mEle, keLage modalAda bEre kelavu guNapadagaLu ghaTaneya jAgavannu ADugana jAgakke sambandhisiruva hAge sUcisuttave. avannu vAkyadalli baLasidAga avu yAva jAgavannu sUcisuttave embudannu tiLiyalu A vAkyavannADiruva vyakti elli nintiddAne embudannu tiLiyuva avaSyakateyide. I eraDu rItiya guNapadagaLa naDuviruva I vyatyAsavannu keLagina vAkyagaLalli kANa bahudu. (29ka) rAju illi hADuttiddAne. (29kha) rAju oLage hADuttiddAne. (29ka) vAkyada prakAra rAju hADuttiruvudu elli embudannu tiLiyalu A vAkyavannADiruva vyakti elliddAne embudannu tiLiyuva avaSyakateyide. Adare (29kha)dalli idu avaSyavilla.
I guNapadagaLu sUcisuva jAga ondu calanege sambandhisiruvu dAdalli, avu bariya jAgavannu sUcisuva badalu calaneya suru illavE koneyannu sUcisalu sAdhyavide. idakkAgi I guNapada gaLondige inda mattu ge emba pratyayagaLannu baLasabEkAguttade. (30ka) avanu illi hADuttiddAne. (30kha) avanu illinda hOgiddAne. (30ga) avanu illige bandiddAne. (30ka)dalli illi emba pada bariya ondu jAgavannu sUcisuttide yAdare, (30kha)dalli illinda embudu ondu calaneya suruvannU mattu (30ga)dalli illige embudu ondu calaneya koneyannU sUcisuttive.

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6.6 samayavannu sUcisuva guNapadagaLu

jAgavannu sUcisuva padagaLa hAge samayavannu sUcisuva padagaLU ondu ghaTaneya illavE sangatiya samayavannu nEravAgi sUcisa balluvu illavE adannE vAkyada ADugana samayakke sambandhisida hAge sUcisaballuvu. idakkAgi vAkyagaLalli eraDu rItiya padagaLa baLake yAguttade. vAkyada mukhya kriyApadadalli baruva pratyayagaLu ghaTaneya illavE sangatiya samayavannu vAkyada ADugana samayakke sambandhi siruva hAge mAtravE sUcisuttave embudannu nAvu hindina adhyAya gaLalli (2.1.1 mattu 3.1.1ralli) nODiruvevu. (kriyApadagaLa jODisuva rUpagaLu mAtra idakke apavAdagaLAgive (5.2 nODi)). ghaTaneya samayavannu ADugana samayakke sambandhisiruva hAge sUcisuva guNapadagaLu kriyApadadalli baruva pratyayavu sUcisuva samayavannE heccu vivaravAgi tiLisuttave. idannu keLagina vAkyagaLalli kANabahudu. (31ka) mAruti nALe ALandige hOguttAne. (31kha) sItAbAyi ninne ondu sinemA nODidaLu. (31ka) vAkyada mukhya kriyApadadalli utta pratyaya bandiruva kAraNa, adu A vAkyavannADiruva samayada anantara naDeyuva ghaTane yondannu sUcisuttide mattu adE vAkyadalli baruva nALe emba pada adE samayavannu heccu vivaravAgi tiLisuttide.
idakke badalu (31kha) vAkyada mukhya kriyApadadalli id pratyaya bandiruva kAraNa, adu A vAkyavannADiruva samayakkinta modalu naDediruva ghaTaneyannu sUcisuttide, mattu A vAkyadalli bandiruva ninne emba pada adE samayavannu heccu vivaravAgi tiLisuttide. I padagaLondige suru mattu konegaLannu sUcisuva inda mattu ge pratyayagaLu baralu sAdhyaviddu, avakke ghaTane suruvAgiruva mattu konegonDiruva samayagaLannu sUcisuva arthavide. (32ka) avanu ninneyinda upavAsa mADuttiddAne. (32kha) avana upavAsa ninnege mugiyitu.

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6.7 sArAmSa

kannaDa vAkyagaLalli vyakti, vastu modalAdavugaLa guNadharmavannu sUcisuvavu, ghaTanegaLa guNadharmavannu sUcisuvavu mattu guNa dharmagaLa pramANavannu sUcisuvavu embudAgi mUru rItiya guNapadagaLu baLakeyallive. ivu kelavu viShayagaLalli samAnavAgive Adare bEre kelavu viShayagaLalli ondakkinta ondu bhinnavAgive. ivugaLa naDuve kANisuva vyatyAsagaLalli heccinavU ivu vAkyagaLalli bEre bEre rItiya kelasagaLannu naDesuvudakkAgi baLakeyAguttave emba viShayada mEle avalambisive. ghaTaneya samaya, jAga mattu prakAragaLannu sUcisuvavuga LembudAgi kriyApadagaLondige baruva guNapadagaLannu mUru mukhya gumpugaLalli vingaDisabahudu. ivugaLalli mUraneya gumpige sErida guNapadagaLalli heccinavU kannaDadalli aNakisuva padagaLAgi baLakeyallive.
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adhyAya ELu — oLavAkyagaLu

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7.1 pIThike

eraDu athavA jAsti vAkyagaLannu oTTu sErisi ondE vAkyavannAgi mADi hELalu kannaDadalli mukhyavAgi eraDu vidhAnagaLive. ondu vAkyavannu innondaroLage irisi hELuvudu ondu vidhAna, mattu eraDu athavA jAsti vAkyagaLannu mattu, athavA, Adare modalAda padagaLa mUlaka, illavE U, E modalAda pratyayagaLa mUlaka jODisi hELuvudu innondu vidhAna. ivugaLalli modalaneya vidhAnavannu I adhyAyadallU mattu eraDaneya vidhAnavannu munde enTanE adhyAyadallU vivarisalAguvudu. ondu vAkyavannu innondaroLage irisi hELidAga avugaLalli horage nilluva vAkyavannu ‘horavAkya’vendU mattu oLage nilluva vAkyavannu ‘oLavAkya’vendU kareyabahudu. udAharaNegAgi keLage koTTiruva mUru vAkyagaLannu hOlisi nODabahudu. (1ka) ivattu bEgane barabEku. (1kha) SAmarAyaru (EnO) hELiddAre. SAmarAyaru ivattu bEgane barabEkendu hELiddAre. (1ka) vAkyavannu (1kha) vAkyada ‘oLage’ (EnO emba padada jAga dalli) irisi (1ga) vAkyavannu tayArisalAgide, mattu idakkAgi (1ka) vAkyada koneyalli endu padavannu sErisalAgide.
bEre bEre rItiya uddESagaLannu sAdhisuvudakkAgi I rIti ondu vAkyavannu innondu vAkyada oLage irisi hELalu sAdhyaviddu, idakkAgi I uddESagaLannanusarisi bEre bEre vidhAnagaLannU baLasabEkAguttade. udAharaNegAgi, obba vyaktiyu Enu hELiruvanembudannu etti hELa bEkiddAga mEle sUcisidante Ata baLasiruva vAkyakke endu padavannu sErisi adannu oLavAkyavannAgi mADi baLasalu sAdhyavide.
idakke badalu, obba vyakti illavE ondu vastuvannu varNisuva vidhAnada mUlaka gurutisabEkAgiruvAga, adakkAgi ondu vAkyavannu baLasalu sAdhyaviddu, antaha vAkyavannU innondu vAkyada oLage irisi hELalu sAdhyavide. Adare, idakkAgi A vAkyadalli bEre kelavu rItiya badalAvaNegaLannu mADikoLLabEkAguttade embudannu keLage koTTiruva (2ka-gha) vAkyagaLalli kANabahudu. (2ka) haNNu cannAgilla. (2kha) rAju ondu haNNu koTTidda. (2gha) rAju yAva haNNannu koTTiddanO adu cannAgilla. rAju koTTidda haNNu cannAgilla. (2ka)dalli bandiruva haNNu emba pada ondu vastuvannu gurutisuttade. adE vastuvannu innaShTu spaShTavAgi varNisalu (2kha) vAkyavannu (2ka) vAkyada oLage irisi hELalu sAdhyavide. idakkAgi A vAkyadalli bEre eraDu rItiya badalAvaNegaLannu mADabEkAguttade embudannu (2ga) mattu (2gha) vAkyagaLalli kANabahudu. I rIti ondu vAkyavannu innondu vAkyada oLavAkyavannAgi baLasuva mukhya sandabhragaLu yAvuvu mattu antaha sandabhragaLalli entaha badalAvaNegaLannella A vAkyagaLalli mADikoLLabEkAguttade embudannu keLage svalpa vivaravAgi tiLisalAgide.

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7.2 etti hELuvudu

innobbana mAtannu illavE abhiprAyavannu etti hELalu kannaDadalli mukhyavAgi eraDu vidhAnagaLu baLakeyallive. A mAtannu illavE abhiprAyavannu sUcisuva vAkyavannu ante padadondige baLasuvudu ondu vidhAna, mattu A vAkyakke endu padavannu sErisi adannu bErondu vAkyada oLavAkyavannAgi mADi baLasuvudu innondu vidhAna. (3ka) ivattondu sabheyideyante. (3kha) ivattondu sabheyideyendu rAju tiLisiddAne. (3ka) vAkyadalli ivattondu sabheyide emba vAkyavannu ante padadondige baLasalAgide mattu (3kha)dalli adE vAkyakke endu pada vannu sErisi adannu rAju (EnannO) tiLisiddAne emba vAkyada oLa vAkyavannAgi mADi baLasalAgide. idallade, etti hELaliruva vAkyavannu ettihELuva cihneya oLage irisuva innondu vidhAnavU barahadalli baLakeyallide. I cihneya baLakeyannu keLagina vAkyagaLalli kANabahudu. ‘ivattondu sabheyide’ endu rAju tiLisida. (4kha) rAju tiLisida: ‘ivattondu sabheyide’.

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7.2.1 ante embudara baLake

sAmAnyavAgi, ondu sangatiyannu niScitavAgiyU intahavarE hELiruvarembudAgi tiLisalu sAdhyavilladantaha (illavE hAge tiLisuva avaSyakateyilladantaha) sandabhradalli A sangatiyannu etti hELuvu dakkAgi ante padada baLakeyAguttade. idara baLakeyAguvalli A hELike gaLa mUla yAvudembudannu (adannu yAru elli yAvAga hELidaru embudannu) sUcisuva paddhatiyilla.
idallade, obba vyakti tanna viShayavAgi ante padavannu baLasi EnAdarU hELuvudiddalli, adu Atana hatOTiyallillada ghaTaneya kuritAgirabEku illavE Ata bAlyadalli naDesida (mattu itararinda tiLidukonDiruva) kelasada kuritAgirabEku emba niyamavide. nAnu pAsAgiddEnante. (5kha) nAnu bahaLa tanTe mADuttiddenante. sAmAnyavAgi ante pada etti hELabEkAgiruva vAkyada koneyalli baruttade. kelavomme adannu vAkyada naDuveyU baLasuva sAdhyateyide. udAharaNegAgi, vAkyada ondu bhAgavannu mAtra otti hELuvudiddalli, antaha bhAgadondige adu vAkyada naDuveyU baraballudu. rAmanAyakarige sikkideyante. (6kha) rAmanAyakarigante madhureyalli ondu praSasti sikkiddu. rAmanAyakarige madhureyallante ondu praSasti sikkiddu. madhureyalli praSasti (6kha)dalli rAmanAyakarige embudannu mattu (6ga)dalli madhure yalli embudannu otti hELalAgideyAda kAraNa, ante pada A padagaLondige bandide. ante embudara mUlaka etti hELuva vAkyavannu ondu kELviyAgi badalAyisalu sAdhyavideyAdarU allagaLeyuva vAkyavAgi badalAyisalu sAdhyavAgadu. idakke viruddhavAgi allagaLeyuva vAkya vannu ante embudara mUlaka etti hELabahudu, Adare kELvi yondannu A rIti etti hELalu sAdhyavAgadu. (7ka) maduvege hOgabEkanteyO? (7kha) avanu maduvege hOguvudillavante. (7ka) vAkyadalli ante embudara mUlaka etti hELiruva vAkya vondannu kELviyAgi badalAyisalAgide mattu (7kha)dalli ante embudara mUlaka allagaLediruva vAkyavondannu etti hELalAgide embudannu gamanisabahudu.
kELvigaLa hAgeyE itarara mUlaka kelasa mADisalu baLasuva vAkyagaLannu illavE beragannu sUcisuva vAkyagaLannu I rIti ante emba padavannu baLasi etti hELalu sAdhyavAgadu. Adare, kELuganu bErArigO hELiruva mAtondannu illavE kELugana viShayavAgi bErArO hELiruva sangatiyondannu adu nijavE embudAgi kELi tiLiyalu adannu ante padadondige baLasalu sAdhyavide. (8ka) nIvu mITingige hOgalillavante? (8kha) nIvu ninneyE bandiddIrante? vAkyavondannu ante padadondige baLasidAgalella, adaralli baruva puruShavAcaka padagaLannu mattu samayavannu sUcisuva padagaLannu etti hELuva sandabhrakke hondikoLLuvante badalAyisuva avaSyakateyide. udAharaNegAgi mEle (8kha)dalli ante padadondige bandiruva vAkyavannu adara ADuganu nIvu ninneyE bandiddIri embudAgi etti hELiruvudannu gamanisabahudu. nijakkU I vAkyavannu ramESanemba bErobba vyakti rAju ivattu bandiddAne embudAgi hELirabahudu. A vAkyavannu ADuganu rAjuvige ante padada mUlaka (mAraneya divasa) ettihELa bEkAgiruva sandabhradalli adaralli banda rAju padakke badalAgi nIvu emba puruShavAcaka padavannU, ivattu padakke badalAgi ninne padavannU mattu bandiddAne emba kriyArUpakke badalAgi bandiddIri emba kriyArUpavannU baLasabEkAgide embudannu gamanisabahudu.

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7.2.2 oLavAkyada baLake

innobba vyaktiya mAtannu etti hELabEkAdAga, A mAtige endu padavannu sErisi, adannu bErondu vAkyada oLavAkyavannAgi mADi hELuvudu eraDaneya vidhAna. idu mElina vidhAnadinda halavu viShayagaLalli bhinnavAgide. udAharaNegAgi, A mAtannu yAru hELiddu, yArondige hELiddu, elli hELiddu, yAvAga hELiddu, hEge hELiddu embudannella I vidhAnadalli baLakeyAguva horavAkyada mUlaka tiLisalu sAdhyavide. (9ka) piknikkige baruvudillavendu ninne sanje pATriyalli kANasikkiddAga rAju nanna hattira guTTAgi tiLisidda. (9kha) rAju piknikkige baruvudillavante. illi piknikkige baruvudilla embudu oLavAkya. adannu yAvAga hELiddu embudannu horavAkyadalliruva ninne sanje emba ghaTaka, elli hELiddu embudannu pATriyalli kANasikkidAga emba ghaTaka (idarallU ondu oLavAkyavide), yAru hELiddu embudannu rAju emba ghaTaka, yAroDane hELiddu embudannu nanna hattira emba ghaTaka mattu hEge hELiddu embudannu guTTAgi emba guNapada tiLisuttave. ante padada baLakeyalli idAvudU sAdhyavillavembudannu (9kha) dalli kANabahudu. idallade, horavAkyada koneyalli baruva kriyApada etti hELuvudara uddESavEnembudannu tiLisuttade. I horavAkyadalli bEre bEre kriyApadagaLu baralu sAdhyaviddu avu intaha bEre bEre rItiya uddESagaLigAgi innobbara mAtannu etti hELalu sAdhyavide embudannu sUcisuttave. (10ka) khanDitavAgiyU baruttEnendu Ata mAtu koTTidda. (10kha) oLage kAliDakUDadendu Ata AjYApisidda. (10ga) ninne rAtri nimmallige barabEkendu Akege anisittu. (10gha) Ake ellige hOgiddALendu Ata praSnisida. ante padada baLakegU mattu endu padada baLakegU naDuve halavu vyatyAsagaLive. mEle sUcisida hAge, etti hELuva vAkyavannu yAru yAvAga elli hELiruvarembudannu spaShTavAgi tiLisabEkA giruvAga ante embudannu baLasalu sAdhyavAgadu. antaha sandabhra gaLalli endu embudannE baLasabEkAguttade.
idallade, endu embudarondige sEri baruva vAkya ondu horavAkyada angavAgi baruvudAda kAraNa, A vAkyada kuritAgi innU EnEnu hELabEkendideyO adellavannU I horavAkyadalli hELalu sAdhyavide. innobbara mAtannu illavE abhiprAyavannu mAtravallade tannadE mAtannu illavE abhiprAyavannU endu padada mUlaka etti hELalu sAdhyavide. (11ka) nAnu elligU hOguvudillavendu rAjuvina hattira hELidde. (11kha) nanage elligU hOgabEkendu anisuvudilla. kelasa mADabEkendu nAnAtanannu cennAgi porItsAhiside. etti hELuva oLavAkyavondakke horavAkyavAgi kriyAvAkyagaLu mAtravallade viShayavAkyagaLU baralu sAdhyaviddu, ivU kUDa etti hELuvudakkiruva uddESavEnembudannu tiLisuttave. (12ka) AkeyannE maduveyAguvudendu rAjuvina nirdhAra. (12kha) nimma haNa hindirugisiddEnendu nanna nenapu. (12ga) nimage hosa sIre sikkideyendu Akege matsara. (12gha) avanige nimmannu kANabEkendide. ante mattu endu embavugaLa baLakeya naDuviruva innondu vyatyAsavEnendare, ante embudannu baLasabEkiddalli ettihELuva vAkya dalli etti hELuva sandabhrakkanusAravAgi badalAvaNegaLannu avaSya vAgiyU mADabEkAguttade, Adare endu embudara baLakeyalli intaha badalAvaNegaLannu mADade iralU sAdhyavide.
(13ka) nAnu ivattu bEgane hOgabEkante. (13kha) nAnu ivattu bEgane hOgabEkendu rAju hELiddAne. (13ga) nIvu nALe bEgane barabEkendu rAju hELida. nijakkU rAju hELiddu ‘nIvu nALe bEgane barabEku’ endA giddarU, adannu etti hELuva sandabhrakke hondikoLLuvante ‘nAnu ivattu bEgane hOgabEku’ embudAgi (13ka) mattu (13kha) gaLalli badalisalAgide. Adare (13ga)dalli intaha badalAvaNegaLannu mADadeyU A vAkyavannu endu padada mUlaka etti hELalu sAdhyavAgide embudannu gamanisabahudu. idu ante embudara baLake yalli sAdhyavAgadu. etti hELuva vAkyada koneyalli ‘illavE’ emba arthaviruva O pratyaya bandideyAdalli, emba padavannu baLasadeyU A vAkyavannu oLavAkyavannAgi mADi baLasalu sAdhyavide. (14ka) avaLu yAke bandiddALO. (14kha) avaLu yAke bandiddALO nanage gottilla. (15ka) Ata hOgiruvudu puNegO, mumbayigO. (15kha) Ata hOgiruvudu puNegO, mumbayigO yArigU gottAgilla.

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7.3 varNisuvudu

kriyeyondaralli niratarAgiruva vyakti, vastu modalAdavugaLannu gurutisuvudakkAgi hesarisuvudu mattu varNisuvudu emba eraDu vidhAnagaLannu baLasalu sAdhya embudannu nAvu mEle nAlkanE adhyAya dalli nODiruvevu. I eraDu vidhAnagaLallU nAvu baLasuvudu ondu padakanteyannE.
Adare, varNisuva vidhAnadalli adakkAgi baLakeyAguva padakanteya angavAgi ondu iDI vAkyavannU baLasalu sAdhyavide. idu hesarisuva vidhAnadalli sAdhyavAgadu. intaha baLakeyalli varNisuva padakanteya angavAgi baruva vAkya adara ‘oLavAkya’vAgi baruttade. (16ka) jAnaki maysUrininda ondu sIre tandiddaLu. (16kha) A sIre Iga haridu hOgide. (16ga) jAnaki maysUrininda yAva sIreyannu tandiddaLO A sIre Iga haridu hOgide. (16kha)dalli A sIre emba padakante varNisuva vidhAnada mUlaka ondu vastuvannu gurutisuttade. I vastuvina viShayavAgi innU heccina sangatigaLannu tiLisuvudakkAgi a padakanteyalli (16ka) vAkyavannu oLavAkyavannAgi mADi hELalu sAdhyavide embudannu (16ga) vAkyadalli kANabahudu. idakkAgi (16ka) vAkyada koneyalli O pratyayavannu baLasabEkAgide mattu adu gurutisabEkAgiruva vastuvannu hesarisuva sIre padadeduru yAva emba aniScita savrapadavannu irisabEkAgide.
ondu vAkyavannu varNisuva padakanteya oLavAkyavannAgi mADi hELalu kannaDadalli halavu vidhAnagaLu baLakeyallive. mEle sUcisida hAge, aniScita savrapadavondannu (mattu O pratyayavannu) baLasi hELuvudu ondu vidhAnavAdare, vAkyada koneyalli baruva kriyA padakke a pratyayavannu sErisuvudara mUlaka adannu nAmapadada dondige baLasalu sAdhyavAguvante mADuvudu innondu vidhAna. I eraDaneya vidhAnada baLakeyannu keLage (16gha)dalli kANabahudu. (16gha) jAnaki maysUrininda tandidda A sIre Iga haridu hOgide. I vidhAnadalli oLavAkyavAgi baruva (16ka) vAkyada kriyApadavannu (tandiddALe embudannu) adara sambandhisuva rUpakke (tandidda emba rUpakke) badalAyisalAgide mAtravalla, adara horavAkyadalliruva ((16kha)dalliruva) padakke samanAgiruva sIre(yannu) emba padavannu A vAkyadinda tegeduhAkalAgide. vAkyavondannu varNisuva padakanteya oLavAkyavannAgi mADi baLasalu kannaDadalli innU ondu vidhAna baLakeyallide. idakkAgi A vAkyada koneyalli emba illavE ennuva emba padavannu sErisi hELabEku. I vidhAnavannu kelavu viSiShTavAda sandabhragaLalli mAtra baLasalu sAdhya embudannu munde (7.4.4)ralli nODaliruvevu.
(17ka) avanige haNa sikkilla. (17kha) A viShaya nanagU gottide. (17ga) avanige haNa sikkillavemba A viShaya nanagU gottide. (17ka) vAkyakke emba padavannu sErisi adannu (17kha) vAkyadalli bandiruva A viShaya emba padakanteya oLavAkyavannAgi mADi (17ga) vAkyavannu tayArisalAgide. vAkyada koneyalli baruva kriyApadavannu nAmapadavAgi badalA yisuvudara mUlaka adannondu padakanteyannAgi mADalu sAdhyavide, mattu I rIti badalAgiruva vAkyavannu innondu vAkyada oLavAkya vannAgi mADi baLasalu sAdhyavide. idallade, oLavAkyada koneyalli embudu padavannu irisi adakkEnE vibhakti pratyayagaLannu sErisi hELalU sAdhyavide. (18ka) sItAdEvi hADiddALe. (18kha) sItAdEvi hADidudannu ellarU kELiddAre. (18ga) sItAdEviya hADuvikeyannu ellarU kELiddAre. (18gha) sItAdEvi hADiddALembudannu ellarU kELiddAre. (18ka) vAkyavannu ondu padakanteyannAgi mADi adannu annu pratyayadondige (18kha) mattu (18ga) vAkyagaLalli baLasalAgide mattu (18gha) vAkyadalli A vAkyavannu hAgeyE uLisi adareduru embudu padavannu baLasalAgide embudannu gamanisabahudu. idallade vAkyada koneya kriyApadadeduru alu pratyayavannu sErisuvudara mUlakavU adannu innondu vAkyada oLavAkyavannAgi badalAyisalu sAdhyavide. intaha oLavAkyada mUlaka horavAkyavu sUcisuva ghaTaneya uddESavEnembudannu tiLisalu sAdhyavAguttade. (19ka) sItAdEvi kacEriyalli hADuttALe. (19kha) kacEriyalli hADalu sItAdEvige kare bandide. ondu vAkyavannu innondu vAkyada illavE adaralli bandiruva padakanteya oLavAkyavannAgi mADalu I rIti halavu vidhAnagaLu kannaDadalli baLakeyalliddu, ivakkella bEre bEre uddESagaLive. Adare I ellA vidhAnagaLigU samAnavAgiruvantaha ondu uddESavU ide. adEnendare, I ellA vidhAnagaLU gurutisabEkAgiruva vyakti, vastu, viShaya illavE ghaTaneyannu varNisi hELuvudakkAgi baLakeyAguttave.
oLavAkyavannu I rIti vAkyada anga (ghaTaka)vannAgi mADalu baLasuva vidhAnagaLu entahavu embudannu keLagina aydu (7.3.1-5) upavibhAgagaLallU, mattu padakanteya angavannAgi mADalu baLasuva vidhAnagaLu entahavu embudannu mundina vibhAgada nAlku (7.4.1- 4) upavibhAgagaLallU vivarisalAguvudu.

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7.3.1 vAkyada angavAgi baLake

mEle sUcisidante, vAkyavondannu innondu vAkyada angavannAgi nAlku vidhAnagaLannu baLasalu sAdhyavide. mADabEkiddalli adakkAgi padakanteyannAgi) (1) embudu padavannu A vAkyakke sErisuvudu,
(2) udu pratyayavannu A vAkyada kriyArUpakke sErisuvudu, (3) ike pratyayavannu A vAkyada kriyApadakke sErisuvudu, mattu (4) alu pratyayavannu A vAkyada kriyApadakke sErisuvudu. ondu ghaTane naDedide illavE naDeyalide emba sangatiya kuritAgi modalaneya vidhAnavannU, ghaTanege EnAdarU hELabEkiddalli sambandhisida vastu, viShaya modalAdavugaLa kuritAgi EnAdarU hELabEkAgiddalli eraDaneya vidhAnavannU mattu nEravAgi A ghaTaneya kuritAgi (endare adaralli bandiruva kriyeya kuritAgi) EnAdarU hELabEkiddalli mUraneya vidhAnavannU baLasalu sAdhyavide.
idallade, ondu ghaTane innondu ghaTaneya uddESa embudannu tiLisabEkiddalli illavE ondu guNadharma innondu ghaTaneyadu embudannu sUcisabEkAdalli nAlkaneya vidhAnavannu baLasabahudu. idallade eraDaneya mattu nAlkaneya vidhAnagaLannu modalaneya sandabhradallU baLasalu sAdhyavide. I bEre bEre sAdhyategaLannu keLagina vAkyagaLalli kANabahudu. (20ka) avaLu hADuttALembudannu nAnu kELiddEne. (20kha) avaLu hADidudannu nAnu kELiddEne. (20ga) avaLa hADuvike nanage iShTa. (20gha) avaLu hADuvudu nanage iShTa. (20Ga) avaLige hADalu bahaLa iShTa. (20ka) vAkyada prakAra, adara ADuganu kELiruvudu avaLu hADu ttALe emba sangatiyannu mAtra (modalaneya uddESa); idE artha dalli (20kha) vAkyavU baLakeyAgiralu sAdhyavide. Adare adakke ‘avaLu hADiddALe emba sangatiyannu nAnu kELiddEne’ emba artha mAtra vallade, ‘avaLu hADuva ghaTaneyalli nAnu kELuganAgidde’ emba arthavU (endare eraDaneya uddESavU) baraballudu. (20ka) vAkyakke I artha baralAradu. (20ga) vAkyakke I eraDu arthagaLigintalU bhinnavAgiruva artha vide. illi iShTavAgiruvudu hADuva ghaTaneyallade hADuttALe emba sangatiyalla (mUraneya uddESa). eraDaneya vidhAnavannu baLasiruva (20gha) vAkya I (20ga) vAkyakkinta arthadalli bhinnavAgide embudannU gamanisabahudu. adakke ‘avaLu hADuttALe emba sangati nanage iShTa’ emba arthavAgali (endare (20ka-kha) vAkyagaLa arthakke samanAda arthavAgali) illavE ‘avaLu hADuva hADu nanage iShTa’ emba bErondu arthavAgali baralu sAdhyavide. alu pratyayada baLake halavu viShayagaLalli mElina mUru vidhAnagaLiginta bhinnavAgide embudannu munde (7.3.3ralli) nODa liruvevu. uLida vidhAnagaLa mUlaka tayArAda padakante ondu nAmapadada hAge baLakeyAguvudAdare idu ondu kriyAguNapadada hAge baLakeyAguttade. hAgAgi I pratyayada baLakeyannu bEreyE ondu vibhAgadalli vivarisalAguvudu.

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7.3.2 nAmapadada jAgadalli baLake

mEle vivarisida vidhAnagaLalli modalaneya mUru vidhAnagaLannu baLasuvudara mUlaka ondu vAkyavannu innondu vAkyada nAmapada vondara jAgadalli irisi hELalu sAdhyavAguttade. mattu idakkAgi I vAkyagaLa koneyalli baruva embudu, udu mattu ike embavugaLige bEre bEre vibhakti pratyayagaLannu sErisalu sAdhyavAguttade. (21ka) nIvu kaShTapaTTu illivarege bandiddIrembudarinda nimage I kelasadalli bahaLa Sraddheyideyembudu spaShTavAguttade. (21kha) nIvu illige baruvudakke yAra oppigeyU bEkAgilla. (21ga) Atana kuNiyuvikeyalli utsAhavide. ondu vAkyakke embudu padavannu sErisi adannu oLavAkyavannAgi mADi baLasuva modalaneya vidhAnadalli A vAkyada ellA amSagaLU badalAgade hAgeyE uLidukoLLuttave. Adare eraDu mattu mUraneya vidhAnagaLannu baLasuvAga vAkyadalli bEre bEre rItiya badalAvaNegaLannu mADikoLLabEkAguttade. illi udu pratyayada baLake yalli kANisuvudakkintalU ike pratyayada baLakeyalli heccina badalA vaNegaLu kANisikoLLuttave.
udu pratyayavannu baLasuvAga vAkyada koneyalli baruva kriyA padadalli mAtra badalAvaNegaLannu mADidare sAku. vAkyada uLida bhAgagaLannella avugaLalli yAva badalAvaNeyannU mADade hAgeyE uLisikoLLalu sAdhyavide.
kriyApadada koneyalli baruva ghaTakavannu sUcisuva pratyayavannu biTTukoDabEku embudu intaha badalAvaNegaLalli mukhyavAdudu. I badalAvaNeyindAgi, I pratyayada baLakeyalli kriyeyannu naDesidavaru yAru embudannu kriyApadada mUlaka sUkShmavAgi tiLisihELalu sAdhyavAgadu. (22ka) mUru ganTe hADiddAnembudu nanage gottAgalilla. (22kha) mUru ganTe hADiddALembudu nanage gottAgalilla. (22ga) mUru ganTe hADidudu nanage gottAgalilla. embudu padada baLakeyiruva (22ka) mattu (22kha) vAkyagaLa naDuve kANisalu sAdhyavAgiruva vyatyAsavannu (hADidudu ganDasO athavA hengasO embudannu) udu pratyayada baLakeyiruva (22ga)dalli kANisalu sAdhyavAguvudilla embudannu gamanisabahudu. allagaLeyuva vAkyavondara mUlaka mAtanADuva samayakkinta munde naDeyuva ghaTaneyannu allagaLeyalAgideyO athavA hinde naDeda ghaTaneyannu allagaLeyalAgideyO embudannu sUcisalu eraDu rItiya kriyArUpagaLu baLakeyAguttave (23ka-kha nODi). intaha kriyArUpagaLiruva vAkyagaLannu udu pratyayada mUlaka oLavAkya gaLannAgi badalAyisabEkiddalli, A pratyayavannu hindina ghaTaneyannu allagaLeyuva kriyApadakke nEravAgi sErisabahudu (idakkAgi kannaDadalli ondu viSiShTavAda kriyArUpa baLakeyallide embudannu (23ga)dalli kANabahudu). (23ka) Ata nALe hOguvudilla. (23kha) Ata ninne hOgalilla. (23ga) Ata ninne hOgadudu yArigU samAdhAnavilla. Adare munde naDeyaliruva ghaTaneyondannu allagaLeyuva kriyApadakke I rIti udu pratyayavannu nEravAgi sErisi hELalu sAdhyavAgadu. adakke badalu allagaLeyuva kriyApadada munde iru kriyApadavannirisi adakke udu pratyayavannu sErisabEkAguttade. (23gha) Ata nALe hOgadiruvudu yArigU samAdhAnavilla. idu embudu mattu udu emberaDu padagaLa baLakeyalli kANisuva innondu vyatyAsa. ike pratyayavannu baLasi oLavAkyavannu tayArisuvudiddalli antaha vAkyada kriyApadadondige baruva ghaTakavannu sUcisuva pratyayavannu mAtravallade samayavannu sUcisuva pratyayavannU biTTu koDabEkAgu (24ka) avanu holiyuvudu cannAgiruttade. (24kha) avanu holidudu cannAgittu. (24ga) avana holiyuvike cannAgiruttade/cannAgittu. udu pratyayavannu baLasi racisida oLavAkyagaLalli mAtanADuva samaya kkinta hinde naDeda mattu munde naDeyuva ghaTanegaLa naDuviruva vyatyAsavannu uv mattu d emba samaya pratyayagaLa mUlaka sUcisalu sAdhyavide embudannu (24ka-kha) vAkyagaLalli kANabahudu. Adare ike pratyayavannu baLasi racisiruva oLavAkyadalli idu sAdhya vAguvudilla embudannu (24ga)dalli kANabahudu. eraDaneyadAgi, ike pratyayavannu ondu vAkyada kriyApadakke illavE sErisuvAga nAmapadakantegaLannu avugaLa sambandhisuva rUpakke badalAyisikoLLuva avaSyakateyide. mEle (24ga) vAkyadalli avanu padavannu avana embudAgi badalA yisiruvudakke idE kAraNa. idannE keLagina vAkyagaLallU kANabahudu.
adarondige nAmapada baruva (25ka) ramESa hedarida. (25kha) ramESana keTTuhOyitu. hedarikeyindAgi ivattina kelasa (26ka) rAju kambaLiyannu ogeda. (26kha) rAjuvina kambaLiya ogeyuvike aShTondu cannAgilla. ike pratyayavannu baLasiruva oLavAkyagaLalli sAmAnyavAgi I rIti sambandhisuva pratyayadondige baruva nAmapadakantegaLalli ondannu mAtra uLisikoLLuvudu rUDhi. (26kha) vAkyadalli eraDu padakante gaLannU uLisikonDiruva kAraNa adu aShTondu oppigeyAguva vAkyavendu anisuvudilla. adakkinta sambandhisuva rUpagaLalli ondannu mAtravE uLisikonDiruva keLagina eraDu vAkyagaLu heccu oppigeyAga balluvu. (26ga) rAjuvina ogeyuvike aShTondu cannAgilla. (26gha) kambaLiya ogeyuvike aShTondu cannAgilla. ike pratyayavannu baLasi oLavAkyavondannu tayArisuvAga A vAkyada kriyApadadondige baruva kriyAguNapadagaLannu nAmaguNapada gaLannAgi badalAyisikoLLabEkAguttade. Adare udu pratyayavannu baLasi tayArisuva oLavAkyagaLalli kriyAguNapadagaLu badalAgade hAgeyE uLidukoLLuttave.
(27ka) Ake candavAgi kuNiyuttALe. (27kha) Ake candavAgi kuNiyuvudu ellarigU iShTavAyitu. (27ga) Akeya candavAda kuNiyuvike ellarigU iShTavAyitu. (28ka) rAju mellage atta. (28kha) rAju mellage attudu yArigU gottAgalilla. (28ga) rAjuvina mellagina aLuvike yArigU gottAgalilla. udu pratyayavannu baLasi allagaLeyuva vAkyavannu oLavAkyavannAgi mADalu sAdhyavideyembudannu nAvu mEle nODiruvevu. Adare ike pratyayada baLakeyalli idu sAdhyavAgadu.

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7.3.3 kriyAguNapadagaLa jAgadalli baLake

mEle sUcisiruva hAge, vAkyavondannu alu pratyayavannu baLasi oLavAkyavannAgi mADidalli adannu innondu vAkyada kriyAguNapadada jAgadalli baLasalu sAdhyavAguttade. sAmAnyavAgi intaha oLavAkyavannu horavAkyavu sUcisuva ghaTaneya uddESavondannu sUcisalu baLasa lAguttade. (29ka) bAgilannu tereyalu kAvalugAranannu kaLisiddAre. (29kha) bengaLUrige hOgalu avanu ivattu bEga eddiddAne. alu pratyayakke ondu ghaTaneyannu nEravAgi sUcisuva arthavU baraballudu illavE A ghaTane naDedide athavA naDeyalide emba sangatiyannu sUcisuva arthavU baraballudu. I viShayadalli adu udu pratyayada hAgeyE baLakeyAguttade.
(30ka) Akege manege hOgalu maretide. (30kha) Akege kAru biDalu maretide. (30ka) vAkyada prakAra Akege maretiruvudu ‘manege hOgabEku’ emba sangati; Adare (30kha) vAkyada prakAra Akege maretiruvudu ‘kArannu hEge biDuvudu’ embudAgi adannu biDuva vidhAna. Adare (30kha) vAkyakke modalaneya vAkyada arthakke samanAgiruva arthavU baralu sAdhyavide. alu pratyayavannu baLasi racisida oLavAkya bErondu vAkyada (adara horavAkyada) kriyAguNapadada jAgadalli ( endare, kriyApadada ‘viSEShaNa’vAgi) baruvudallade nAmapadakanteyAgi baruvudilla. I kAraNakkAgi, antaha vAkyakke udu pratyayavannu baLasi racisida oLavAkyada hAge vibhakti pratyayagaLannu sErisalu sAdhyavAguvudilla. idallade, oLavAkya mattu horavAkyagaLeraDU mADuganemba ghaTakavannoLagonDiveyAdalli antaha ghaTaka eraDarallU obbanE vyaktiyannu sUcisuttirabEkemba innondu niyamavU alu pratyayada kANisikoLLuttade. udu illavE ike pratyayagaLa baLakeyalli baLakeyalli I niyamavilla. I kAraNakkAgi rAmu akki taralu sIte aDuge mADidaLu embantaha vAkyagaLu kannaDadalli aShTondu oppigeyAguvu dilla. alu pratyayavannu baLasi tayArisida oLavAkyagaLu innondu viShayadallU itara oLavAkyagaLinda bhinnavAgive. avu sAmAnyavAgi horavAkyavu tiLisuva ghaTaneya anantara naDeyuva (illavE naDeya bEkAgiruva) ghaTaneyondannu sUcisuttave. I kAraNakkAgi avu toDagu, surumADu embantaha kriyApadagaLiruva horavAkyagaLalli baraballuvu, Adare munduvarisu, nillisu, mugisu embantaha kriyApadagaLiruva horavAkyagaLalli baralAravu. ondu vAkyavannu innondu vAkyadondige jODisabEkAgiruva sandabhradallU alu pratyayavannu baLasalu sAdhya embudannu nAvu mundina (enTanE) adhyAyadalli nODaliruvevu. ondu ghaTane innondu ghaTaneya anantara naDeyuvantahadu embudannu sUcisuvu dakkAgi I pratyayada baLakeyAguttade. I baLakegU mattu mEle vivarisiruva oLavAkyada baLakegU naDuve hattirada sambandhaviddu halavu sandabhragaLalli iveraDu baLakegaLalli yAvudu kANisikoLLuttide embu dannu nirdharisuvudu kaShTavAgi tOralu sAdhyavide.

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7.3.4 horavAkyada kriyApadagaLu

vAkyavondannu innondu vAkyada angavannAgi mADalu (endare pada kanteyannAgi baLasalu illavE kriyAguNapadada jAgadalli baLasalu) kannadadalli nAlku vidhAnagaLive embudannu nAvu mEle nODiruvevu. idallade, I nAlku vidhAnagaLa baLake bEre bEre sandabhragaLalli bEre bEre rItiya arthagaLannu sUcisuvudakkAgi naDeyuvudembudannU nODiruvevu. intaha vAkyarUpada vAkyAngagaLu yAva rItiya horavAkyagaLallella baraballuvu embudarallU kelavu nibrandhagaLive. mEle mUru mattu nAlkanE adhyAyagaLalli pariSIlisiruva kriyA vAkya mattu viShayavAkyagaLigU mattu I rIti oLavAkyavondannu ghaTakavannAgi paDediruva (hora)vAkyagaLigU naDuve halakelavu vyatyAsa gaLive. udAharaNegAgi, kriyAvAkyagaLalli baruva kriyApadagaLalli kelavE kelavu mAtra intaha horavAkyagaLalli kriyApadagaLAgi bara balluvu. idakke kAraNavEnendare, ondu vAkyavu tiLisuva sangati illavE ghaTaneyannu ghaTakavannAgi paDeyaballa kriyegaLu kelavE kelavu mAtra. (31ka) pETeyinda baruva jAnakiyannu rAju nODiddAne. (31kha) jAnaki pETeyinda baruvudannu rAju nODiddAne. (31ka) vAkyada prakAra rAju nODiruvudu jAnakiyannu, endare obba vyaktiyannu; Adare (31kha) vAkyada prakAra Ata nODiruvudu jAnaki baruvudannu, endare ondu ghaTaneyannu. (31ka) vAkyadalli nODu kriyApada pETe emba ondu jAgavannU mattu jAnaki mattu rAju emba eraDu vyaktigaLannU ghaTakagaLAgi paDedide. Adare (31kha) vAkya dalli adE kriyApada jAnaki pETeyinda baruvudu emba oLavAkya sUcisuva ghaTaneyannU mattu rAju emba vyaktiyannU ghaTakavAgi paDedide.
kannaDadalli kELu, nODu, biDu, mare, hogaLu, kANu, nillu, nambu, hedaru, nene, tegaLu modalAda kelavE kelavu kriyApadagaLu mAtra I rIti vyakti, vastu, jAga modalAdavugaLannu mAtravallade ghaTane illavE sangatigaLannU ghaTakagaLannAgi paDeyaballuvu. (32ka) Ata sItAbAyiyannu hogaLuttiddAne. (32kha) Ata sItAbAyi hADuvudannu hogaLuttiddAne. (33ka) Ake ramESanannu maretiddALe. (33kha) Ake tanage ramESa sahAya mADiddanembudannu mareti ddALe. (34ka) rAju huDuganannu varAnDadalli nillisiddAne. (34kha) rAju kate bareyuvudannu nillisiddAne. (32ka) vAkyadalli hogaLu kriyApada ibbaru vyaktigaLannu ghaTakavAgi paDedideyAdare, (32kha) vAkyadalli adE kriyApada ondu ghaTane yannu (sItAbAyi hADuvudu embudannu) mattu obba vyaktiyannu ghaTakavAgi paDedide. (33ka) vAkyadalli mare kriyApada ibbaru vyakti gaLannu ghaTakavAgi paDedideyAdare, (33kha) vAkyadalli adE kriyApada ondu sangatiyannu (tanage ramESa sahAya mADiddanemba sangati yannu) mattu obba vyaktiyannu ghaTakavAgi paDedide. udu pratyayavannu baLasi tayArisida oLavAkya mAtra I viShaya dalli itara oLavAkyagaLinda bhinnavAgide. adu ondu ghaTane illavE sangatiyannu sUcisuva badalu ondu vastuvannU sUcisalu sAdhya viddu, I arthadalli adu ellA rItiya kriyApadagaLondigU ghaTaka vAgi baraballudu. (35ka) nIvu koTTudannu nAnu ninneyE tindidde. (35kha) bahumAnavAgi sikkidudannu rAju oDediddAne. (35ga) aTTadallirisidudu koLetuhOgide. (35gha) TAnkiyalli tEluttiruvudannu SivarAyaru mElakke etti alu pratyayavannu baLasi racisida oLavAkyagaLU kelavu viShaya gaLalli itara oLavAkyagaLinda bhinnavAgive. avu sUcisuva ghaTane hora vAkyavu sUcisuva ghaTaneya uddESavAgiralu sAdhyavideyAda kAraNa, I arthadalli adu ellA rItiya kriyApadagaLondigU ghaTakavAgi baraballudu. I viShayavannu keLagina vAkyagaLa mUlaka udAharisa bahudu. (36ka) Akege sitAr bArisalu maretilla. (36kha) sitAr bArisalu Ake neremanege hOguttiddALe. sitAr bArisuvudu emba ghaTane illavE sangati (36ka) vAkyadalli nEravAgi mare kriyApadada ondu ghaTakavAgi bandide, Adare (36kha) vAkyadalli adu I rIti nEravAgi hOgu kriyApadada ghaTakavAgi bandirade adu sUcisuva ghaTaneya uddESavAgi bandide. I eraDaneya arthadalli alu pratyayada mUlaka tayArAda oLavAkya ellA rItiya horavAkyagaLallU baraballudu. yAvudAdarondu ghaTane illavE sangati avaSyavAgiyU ghaTaka vAgi barabEkAgiruva kriyApadagaLU kannaDadalli kelavive. ivannu baLasiruva vAkyagaLalli ondu oLavAkyavannu illavE ghaTaneyannu sUcisuva padakanteyannu baLasuvudu avaSya. (37ka) kItrane hADuvudannu Ake munduvarisidaLu. (37kha) avanige svalpa nIru kuDiyabEkendu anisitu. (37ga) ivattE gODege suNNa haccalu Ata oppiddAne. (37ka)da horavAkyadalli bandiruva munduvarisu kriyApadada ghaTaka vAgi ondu ghaTaneyannu baLasuva avaSyakateyide. idakkAgi I vAkya dalli kItrane hADuvudu emba oLavAkyavannu baLasalAgide. (37kha) mattu (37ga) vAkyagaLallU hIgeyE.
intaha vAkyagaLalli ghaTaneyannu sUcisalu I rIti oLavAkyagaLannu baLasuva badalu ghaTaneyondannu varNisuva padakantegaLannu baLasalU sAdhyavide.
(38ka) I kaTTaDada udghATane ninne beLigge jaragitu. (38kha) maLe mUru ganTegEnE suruvAgittu. (38ga) rAtri hanneraDuganTege nATaka mugiyitu. (38ka)dalli jaragu kriyApadada ghaTakavAgi ghaTaneyondannu sUcisalu I kaTTaDada udghATane emba padakanteyannu baLasalAgide. (38kha-ga) vAkyagaLallU hIgeyE.

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7.3.5 horavAkyavAgi viShayavAkyagaLa baLake

kriyAvAkyagaLa hAgeyE viShayavAkyagaLU oLavAkyavondannu ghaTaka vannAgi paDediralu sAdhya. intaha horavAkyagaLu jAga, guNadharma illavE sambandhavannu sUcisuttiralu sAdhyavideyembudannu anukrama vAgi (39ka-ga) vAkyagaLalli kANabahudu. (39ka) avaru ivattu bhAShaNa mADuvudu maysUrinalli. (39kha) rAju ivattu baruvudu samSaya. (39ga) illi kuLitare yArigU kANalikkillavendu avanige bhrame. guNadharmavannu sUcisuva horavAkyagaLu ghaTaneyannu illavE sangatiyannu sUcisuva oLavAkyavondannu ghaTakavannAgi paDeyaballuvu. (40ka) avaLu baruvudu bahaLa mellage. (40kha) avaLu baruvudu nija. (40ka)dalli bandiruva avaLu baruvudu emba oLavAkya ondu ghaTane yannu sUcisuttideyAdare, (40kha)dalli adE oLavAkya ondu sangati yannu sUcisuttideyembudannu gamanisabahudu.

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7.4 padakanteya angavAgi baLake

vAkyavondannu innondu vAkyadalli baruva ondu padakanteya anga vannAgi mADi baLasalu kannaDadalli nAlku vidhAnagaLive.
(1) A vAkyada kriyApadakke O pratyayavannu sErisi baLasuvudu, (2) adakkEnE O pratyayada badalu a pratyayavannu sErisi baLasuvudu, mattu (3) A vAkyada ghaTakagaLige a pratyayavannu sErisi baLasuvudu. (4) vAkyada koneyalli emba illavE ennuva padavannu sErisi baLasuvudu. I nAlku vidhAnagaLa baLakeyannu keLagina vAkyagaLalli kANabahudu. (41ka) jAnaki maysUrininda ondu sIre tandiddaLu. (41kha) A sIre Iga haridu hOgide. (42ka) yAva sIreyannu jAnaki maysUrininda tandiddaLO A sIre Iga haridu hOgide. (42kha) jAnaki maysUrininda tandidda sIre Iga haridu hOgide. (42ga) jAnakiya maysUrina sIre Iga haridu hOgide. (43ka) avanige haNa sikkilla. (43kha) A viShaya nanagU gottide. (43ga) avanige haNa sikkilla emba A viShaya nanagU gottide. (41ka) vAkyavannu (41kha)dalli bandiruva A sIre emba padakanteya oLavAkyavannAgi mADalu mUru vidhAnagaLannu baLasalu sAdhyaviddu ivugaLa baLakeyannu (42ka-ga) vAkyagaLalli kANabahudu. (41ka) vAkyada kriyApadakke O pratyayavannu sErisuva mUlaka (42ka)dalli kANisuva oLavAkyavannU, adakkEnE a pratyayavannu sErisuva mUlaka (42kha)dalli kANisuva oLavAkyavannU, mattu A vAkyada eraDu ghaTakagaLige nEravAgi idE a pratyayavannu sErisuvudara mUlaka (42ga)dalli kANisuva oLavAkyavannU tayArisalAgide. nAlkaneya vidhAnada baLakeyannu (43ka-ga) vAkyagaLalli kANa bahudu. illi bandiruva (43ka) vAkyakke emba padavannu sErisuvudara mUlaka adannu (43kha) vAkyadalli bandiruva A viShaya emba padakanteya oLavAkyavannAgi mADi (43ga) vAkyavannu tayArisalAgide.
I oLavAkyagaLa racaneyalli bEreyU kelavu badalAvaNegaLannu mADikoLLabEkAguttade embudannu gamanisabahudu. udAharaNegAgi, oLavAkyada kriyApadakke O pratyayavannu sErisuvudarondige adaralli baruva ondu ghaTakakke yAva emba padavannU sErisikoLLabEkAguttade ((42ka) nODi).
idakke badalu, oLavAkyada kriyApadakke a pratyayavannu sErisuvu diddalli, adara ghaTakagaLallondannu (ondu sIre embudannu) biTTu koDabEkAguttade embudannu (42kha)dalli kANabahudu. a pratyaya vannu nEravAgi oLavAkyada ghaTakagaLige sErisuvudiddallU I rIti ghaTaka gaLallondannu biTTukoDabEkAguttade. Adare idarondige A embudannU) vAkyada biTTukoDabEkAguttade embudannu (42ga)dalli kANabahudu.
emba illavE ennuva padavannu baLasuvalli mAtra oLavAkyavAgi baruva vAkyadalli yAva badalAvaNeyannU mADabEkAguvudilla. Adare mEle sUcisida hAge I vidhAnavannu kelavu viSiShTavAda sandabhra gaLalli mAtra baLasalu sAdhya. I nAlku vidhAnagaLa baLakeyalli kANisuva bEre bEre vaySiShTyagaLannu keLagina vibhAgagaLalli vivarisa kriyApadavannU (tandiddaLu

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7.4.1 O pratyayada baLake

I vidhAnavannu baLasuvudiddalli oLavAkyavAgi baruva vAkyada ellA amSagaLU badalAgade heccukaDime hAgeyE uLidukoLLuttave. A vAkyada koneyalli O pratyayavannu sErisuvudu mattu adara ghaTaka vondakke aniScita savrapadavondannu sErisuvudu emba eraDu badalAvaNegaLu mAtra I vAkyadalli naDeyuttave.
(44ka) huDuga ivattu SAlege hOgalilla. (44kha) A huDuganige cAkalETilla. (44ga) yAva huDuga ivattu SAlege hOgalillavO A huDuganige cAkalETilla. (44ka) vAkyavannu (44kha)dalli bandiruva A huDuganige emba pada kanteya oLavAkyavannAgi mADi (44ga) vAkyavannu tayArisalAgide. idakkAgi (44ka) vAkyada koneyalli O pratyayavannu sErisalAgide mattu adaralli bandiruva huDuga padadeduru yAva emba aniScita savrapadavannu baLasalAgide.
vAkyavondara mUlaka gurutisabEkAguva vyakti, vastu, viShaya modalAdavugaLalli ondara kuritAgi heccina mAhitiyannu koDuvu dakkAgi I rIti antaha vyakti, vastu modalAduvannu gurutisuva padakanteyalli ondu oLavAkyavannirisuttEve. mEle (44kha) vAkyadalli A huDuga emba padakante obba vyaktiyannu gurutisuttade. Atana kuritAgi heccina mAhitiyannu koDuvudakkAgi (44ga) vAkyadalli (44ka) vAkyavannu A huDuga emba padakanteya oLavAkyavannAgi mADalAgide. I vidhAnada baLakeyalli vyakti, vastu modalAduvannu gurutisuva pada illavE padakante eraDu bAri baruttade. omme oLavAkyadalli mattu innomme adannu oLavAkyavAgi paDediruva padakanteyalli. mEle (44ga) vAkyadalli A huDuga emba padakante eraDu bAri bandiruvu dannu gamanisabahudu. sAmAnyavAgi I rIti ondE pada illavE padakanteyannu eraDu bAri baLasuva badalu eraDaneya salakke savra padavondannu baLasuvudu rUDhi. (44gha) yAva huDuga ivattu SAlege hOgalillavO Atanige cAkalETilla. ondu padakanteyalli ondakkinta jAsti oLavAkyagaLannu baLasalu sAdhyaviddu, idakkAgi A vAkyagaLannu mattu, illavE, athavA moda lAda padagaLa mUlaka bEpraDisuva avaSyakateyide. (45ka) yAva pustaka bahaLa kaDime belege dorakuttadeyO, mattu yAvudu ellA sandabhragaLallU prayOjanakke baruttadeyO, antaha I pustakavannu yArU konDu koLLuttillavembudu vicitra. (45kha) yAva peTTigeyannu cInAdinda tandiddArO, yAvudu kAgadadinda kappu baNNadallideyO, yAvudannu mADalA cavkAkAradallideyO A peTTige kapATinoLagide. gideyO, mattu yAvudu vyakti, vastu modalAduvannu gurutisuva padakantegaLalli mAtra vallade, padakanteya angavAgi baruva nAmaguNapadagaLondigU mattu vAkyada angavAgi baruva kriyAguNapadagaLondigU I vidhAnadinda siddhavAguva oLavAkyagaLannu baLasalu sAdhyavide. (46ka) yAva danada karu huliya bAyige biddideyO A dana rAjuvinadu. (46kha) yAva huDuganondige jAnaki santege hOgiddaLO A huDuga Iga kANeyAgiddAne. koDavannu hAgeyE nIrina horuttALO horuttALe. jAgrateyinda hEge pustakada cIlavannU

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7.4.2 kriyApadakke a pratyayavannu sErisuvudu

vAkyavondannu innondu vAkyadalli bandiruva padakanteya angavannAgi mADalu nAvu baLasabahudAda eraDaneya vidhAnavEnendare, adara kriyApadakke a pratyayavannu sErisuvudu. kannaDada kriyApadagaLu I pratyayadondige mUru rUpagaLalli baraballuvu, mattu I rUpagaLu hindina samayada ghaTane, mundina samayada ghaTane mattu allagaLe yuva ghaTanegaLemba mUru rItiya ghaTanegaLannu sUcisaballuvu. (47ka) ivattu SAlege hOda huDugarige cAkalET sikkide. (47kha) nALe SAlege hOguva huDugarige cAkalET siguttade. (47ga) ivattu SAlege hOgada huDugarige cAkalET sigalilla. (47ka)da oLavAkyadalli hOda kriyArUpa bandiddu adu mAta nADuva samayakkinta hindina samayadalli naDeda ghaTaneyannu sUcisu ttade. idakke badalu, (47kha)da oLavAkyadalli hOguva emba kriyA rUpa bandiddu, adu mAtanADuva samayada anantara naDeyaliruva mundina samayada ghaTaneyannu sUcisuttade. (47ga)da oLavAkyadalli iveraDakkintalU bhinnavAda hOgada emba kriyArUpa bandiddu, idu naDeyada ghaTaneyondannu sUcisuttade.
allagaLeyuva vAkyagaLannu I rIti oLavAkyagaLannAgi mADi baLasuvudiddalli, avu hindina ghaTaneyondannu allagaLeyuttiveyE athavA mundina ghaTaneyondannu allagaLeyuttiveyE emba viShaya dalli samSayavunTAgalu sAdhyavide. I eraDu sandabhragaLallU intaha oLavAkyagaLalli kriyApadakkiruva rUpa ondE embudE I rIti samSayavunTAgalu kAraNa. udAharaNegAgi mEle (47ga) vAkyadalli bandiruva SAlege hOgada emba oLavAkyavannu I huDugaru SAlege hOgalilla emba vAkyadinda tayArisirabEku.
Adare keLage koTTiruva (47gha) vAkyadalli bandiruva adE rUpada oLavAkyavannu I huDugaru (nALe) SAlege hOguvudilla emba bErondu vAkyadinda tayArisiralu sAdhyavide. (47gha) nALe SAlege hOgada huDugarige cAkalET sigalikkilla. keLage koTTiruva (47Ga) vAkyakke I eraDu rItiya arthagaLU baraballuvembudannu gamanisabahudu.
(47Ga) SAlege hOgada huDuganige cAkalET koDabAradu. SAlege hOgada huDuganige emba (47Ga)dalli bandiruva padagucchakke ‘yAva huDuganu SAlege hOgalillavO Atanige’ emba artha baralu sAdhyaviddu adaralliruva oLavAkya ‘huDuga SAlege hOgalilla’ embu dAgi hindina ghaTaneyondannu allagaLeyuttiralu sAdhyavide, illavE ‘yAva huDuganu SAlege hOguvudillavO Atanige’ emba artha viralu sAdhyaviddu adE oLavAkya ‘huDuga SAlege ghaTaneyondannu hOguvudilla’ allagaLeyuttiralU sAdhyavide.
Adare sAmAnyavAgi vAkyavannu baLasuva sandabhravE ondu oLavAkyada nijavAda artha yAvudu embudannu nirdharisuvalli sahAyakavAguttade. I vidhAnada mUlaka ondu vAkyavannu innondu vAkyadalliruva padakanteyondara oLavAkyavannAgi mADi baLasuvAga, A padakantege mundina samanAgiruva padakanteyannu oLavAkyadinda tegeduhAkabEkAguttade. udAharaNegAgi mEle (47ka) vAkyadalli bandiruva ivattu SAlege hOda emba oLavAkya I huDugaru ivattu SAlege hOdaru emba vAkyada viSEShaNa rUpavendu hELabahudu. adannu tayArisuvu dakkAgi I vAkyada koneyalli baruva kriyApadakke a pratyayavannu sErisi adannu hOda embudAgi badalAyisalAgide mattu adaralli bandiruva I huDugaru emba padakanteyannu tegeduhAkalAgide embudannu gamanisabahudu. I rIti mElina vidhAnavannu baLasidAga oLavAkyagaLalliruva ghaTaka gaLalli ondu bidduhOguvudAdarU A ghaTaka horavAkyadallU (oLa vAkyada viSEShyavAgi) baruvudAda kAraNa biddu hOgiruva ghaTaka yAvudembudannu tiLidukoLLalu kaShTavAguvudilla. Adare, oLavAkyadalli adu entaha ghaTakavAgittu embudannu tiLiyuvudu kelavu sandabhra gaLalli svalpa kaShTavAguttade. udAharaNegAgi keLagina vAkyagaLannu gamanisa bahudu. (48ka) ninne mAtanADisida muduka ivattu sattu hOgiddAne. (48kha) ninne (nAnobba) mudukanannu mAtanADisidde. (48ga) ninne (nannannobba) muduka mAtanADisidda. (48ka)dalli bandiruva ninne mAtanADisida emba oLavAkya (48kha) dalli bandiruva vAkyadindalU tayArAgiralu sAdhyavide illavE (48ga)dalli bandiruva vAkyadindalU tayArAgiralu sAdhyavide. I rIti oLavAkyavannu tayArisuvAga muduka padadondige adara mundiruva annu vibhakti pratyayavannU biTTukoDabEkAguvudarinda (48ka)dalli I vyatyAsavannu tOrisalu sAdhyavAguvudilla. Adare nAnu mattu nannannu emba padagaLannU oLavAkyadalli baLasidevAdare I samasye bagehariyuttade. (48gha) ninne nAnu mAtanADisida muduka ivattu sattiddAne. (48Ga) ninne nannannu mAtanADisida muduka ivattu sattiddAne. sAmAnyavAgi arthasandigdhategaLu kANasikoLLuvudu bahaLa aparUpa. idakke ondu vAkyagaLalli baLasuva nAvu kAraNavEnendare, yAva vibhakti pratyayavU illadiruvantaha ghaTakavE jAgrate intaha oLavAkya vahisikoLLuttEve. idannu keLagina udAharaNeyalli kANabahudu. gaLalli bidduhOguvante nAvu (49ka) rAmuvige kArannu mArida vyakti Iga jaylinalliddAne. (49kha) obba vyakti rAmuvige kArannu mAridda. (50ka) rAmuvininda kArannu konDukonDa vyakti Iga jayli nalliddAne. (50kha) obba vyakti rAmuvininda kArannu konDukonDidda. viShayavAkyagaLannu I vidhAnada mUlaka oLavAkyagaLannAgi baLasa bEkiddalli adaralli baruva iru kriyApadakke a pratyayavannu sErisi hELabEkAguttade.
(51ka) A maneyalli ondu devva ide. (51kha) devva iruva A maneyannu rAju yArigO mAriddAne. halavu sandabhragaLalli I iru kriyApada intaha viShayavAkya gaLalli bAradiruttade embudannu nAvu mEle mUranE adhyAyadalli nODiruvevu. Adare mElina vidhAnavannu baLasi tayArisida oLavAkya gaLalli A rIti iru kriyApadavannu (illavE Agiru embudAgi baruva eraDu kriyApadagaLa jODiyannu) baLasadiralu sAdhyavAgadu. (52ka) rAjuvige mUvaru huDugiyaru. (52kha) rAjuvigiruva mUvaru huDugiyaralli ibbarige maduve (53ka) I buTTiya haNNu bahaLa sihi. (53kha) bahaLa sihiyAgiruva I buTTiya haNNannu nimagE koDu ttEne.

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7.4.3 vAkyada ghaTakagaLige a pratyayavannu sErisuvudu

vAkyavondaralli baruva ghaTakagaLalli pratiyondakkU a pratyayavannu sErisuvudara mUlaka adannu padakanteyondara oLavAkyavannAgi mADi baLasuvudu mUraneya vidhAna. I vidhAnadalli oLavAkyada kriyApada bidduhOguttade, mattu adara padakantegaLondige baruva vibhakti pratyayagaLU bidduhOguttave. (54ka) kaLeda vAra avaru maysUrinalli bhAShaNa mADiddaru. (54kha) (A) bhAShaNa cannAgiralilla. (54ga) kaLeda vArada avara maysUrina (A) bhAShaNa cannAgiralilla. (54ka) vAkyavannu (54kha)dalli bandiruva A bhAShaNa emba padakantege oLavAkyavannAgi mADi (54ga) vAkyavannu tayArisalAgide. mattu idakkAgi (54ka) vAkyada bhAShaNa emba ghaTakavannU mattu mADiddaru emba kriyArUpavannU biTTukoDalAgide, idallade (54ka) vAkyada uLida mUru ghaTakagaLige (kaLeda vAra, avaru mattu maysUrinalli embavugaLige) a pratyayavannu sErisalAgide.
I rIti ghaTakagaLige a pratyayavannu sErisuvAga avugaLa munde vibhakti pratyayagaLiddalli avu bidduhOguttave. mElina udAharaNe yalli maysUru padada mundidda alli emba vibhakti pratyaya biddu hOgiruvudannu kANabahudu. keLagina udAharaNeyalli ige mattu alli emba eraDu pratyayagaLU bidduhOgive. (55ka) rAmuvige nATakadalli ondu bahumAna sikkide. (55kha) rAmuvina nATakada bahumAna kaLeduhOgide.

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7.4.4 emba illavE ennuva padagaLa baLake

vAkyavondannu padakanteya angavannAgi mADuvudakkAgi baLasida mElina mUru vidhAnagaLallU A vAkyadalli bEre bEre rItiya badalAvaNegaLannu mADabEkAgittade. idallade I ellA vidhAnagaLallU oLavAkya mattu horavAkyagaLa naDuve ondu padada maTTigAdarU samAnateyiddE irabEkemba niyamavide. emba illavE ennuva padavannu baLasi naDesuva I nAlkaneya vidhAnadalli oLavAkyavAgi baruva vAkyadalli yAva badalAvaNeyannU mADabEkAguvudilla. Adare I vidhAnavannu kelavE kelavu sandabhra gaLalli mAtra baLasalu sAdhyavide. illi viSEShyavAgi viShaya, suddi, sangati, vicAra, modalAda kelavE kelavu padagaLu mAtra baraballuvu. (56ka) avaLu bAvige hAriyALemba sangatiyannu yArU Uhi siralilla. (56kha) nALe mantrigaLu baruttAremba suddi elleDegU haraDide. viSEShyavAgi ondu nAmapadavannu baLasuva badalu emba padavannE adakke udu pratyayavannu sErisuvudara mUlaka nAmapadavAgi badalAyisikoLLalu sAdhyavide. I sAdhyateyannu mEle (7.3.2)ralli nODiruvevu. idannE keLagina vAkyagaLallU kANabahudu. bAvige (57ka) avaLu Uhisiralilla. (57kha) avanige haNa sikkideyembudu nanagU gottide. (57ga) nIvillige bandiruvirembudu bahaLa guTTina viShaya. hAriyALembudannu yArU

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7.5 sArAmSa

ondu vAkyavannu innondu vAkyada oLavAkyavannAgi mADi baLasalu bEre bEre vidhAnagaLu baLakeyalliddu ivugaLalli yAvudannu elli baLasabEku embudu ivannu yAva uddESakkAgi baLasabEkAgide embudara mEle avalambiside. innobbana mAtu illavE abhiprAyavannu etti hELuvudu intaha uddESagaLalli ondu. I uddESavannu sAdhisuvudakkAgi, endu padavannu (illavE O pratyayavannu) A mAtige illavE A abhiprAya vannu sUcisuva vAkyakke sErisi adannu bErondu vAkyada oLavAkya vannAgi mADabahudu. idakke badalu, A vAkyakke ante pratyayavannu sErisuvudara mUlaka adannu hAgeyE baLasalU sAdhyavide. oLavAkyavannu tayArisuva itara vidhAnagaLannella vyakti, vastu, viShaya, ghaTane modalAdavugaLannu varNisuvudakkAgi baLasalAguttade. illi mukhyavAgi eraDu rItiya vidhAnagaLu baLakeyAguttave. ondu vAkyavannu innondu vAkyada angavannAgi mADi baLasuvudu ivugaLalli ondu rItiya vidhAna, mattu ondu vAkyavannu innondu vAkyadalli baruva ghaTakada angavannAgi mADi baLasuvudu innondu rItiya vidhAna. ondu vAkyavannu innondu vAkyada angavannAgi mADalu vAkyakke embudu padavannu sErisuvudu, mattu vAkyada koneya kriyApadakke udu, ike mattu alu emba pratyayagaLallondannu sErisuvudu embudAgi nAlku vidhAnagaLu baLakeyallive.
ondu vAkyavannu innondu vAkyadalli bandiruva padakanteya angavannAgi mADalu A vAkyakke emba padavannu sErisuvudu, A vAkyada kriyApadakke O mattu a pratyayagaLallondannu sErisuvudu mattu A vAkyada ghaTakagaLalli pratiyondakkU a pratyayavannu sErisu vudu embudAgi nAlku vidhAnagaLu baLakeyallive. I vidhAnagaLannu baLasidAga vAkyadalli bEreyU halavu badalAvaNegaLu naDeyuttave. I vidhAnagaLigella bEre bEre uddESagaLive. English → | ಕನ್ನಡ →

adhyAya enTu — vAkyagaLa jODaNe

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8.1 pIThike

ondakkondu sambandhisiruva eraDu vAkyagaLannu oTTige jODisi hELalu kannaDadalli mUru vidhAnagaLu baLakeyallive.
(1) mattu, illavE, Adare modalAda padagaLallondannu baLasi jODisuvudu, (2) U illavE O pratyayavannu baLasi jODisuvudu, mattu (3) vAkyagaLa koneyalli bandiruva kriyApadadalli kelavu badalAvaNegaLannu mADi jODisuvudu. I mUru vidhAnagaLa baLakeyannu keLagina mUru vAkyagaLalli kANa bahudu. (1ka) doDDa kOti mancada mEle kuLitide mattu cikka kOti bAgilina baLi kuLitide. (1kha) doDDa kOti mancada mElU mattu cikka kOti bAgilina baLiyU kuLitive. (1ga) doDDa kOti mancada mEle kuLitu cikka kOtiyannu aNakisuttide. (1ka) vAkyadalli mattu padavannu baLasuvudara mUlaka eraDu vAkya gaLannu jODisalAgide. ivE eraDu vAkyagaLannu (1kha)dalli U pratyayavannu baLasuvudara mUlaka jODisalAgide. (1ga)dalli ivakkinta svalpa bhinnavAgiruva vAkyagaLeraDannu avugaLalli modalaneya vAkyada kriyApadavannu adara ‘jODisuva rUpa’kke badalAyisi jODisa mattu padavannu baLasade eraDu vAkyagaLannu ondara anantara ondarante irisi hELidarU adE artha baralu sAdhyavide. (2ka) doDDa kOti mancada mEle kuLitide, cikkadu bAgilina baLi nintide. (2kha) avara maga mumbayige hOda, magaLu cennayge hOdaLu.

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8.1.1 jODaNeyalli vAkyagaLu mattu vAkyAngagaLu

I mUru vidhAnagaLa mUlaka vAkyagaLeraDannu jODisuva badalu ondu vAkyadallEnE eraDu pada illavE padakantegaLannu jODisalu sAdhyavide. udAharaNegAgi keLagina vAkyagaLannu gamanisabahudu. ramESa mattu SrIpati geLeyaru. (3kha) nAyiyU bekkU jagaLADikoLLuttive. rAjuvina tammanU avana geLeyanU ondE divasa mumbayige hOdaru. (3gha) tannallidda haNavannella Ata rAjuvigU mattu harigU mElina vAkyagaLalli mattu mattu U embavugaLa baLakeyAgide yAdarU avugaLalli yAvudannU eraDu vAkyagaLa jODaNeyinda tayArisalAgideyendu hELalu sAdhyavAgadu. udAharaNegAgi, (3ka) vAkyadalli mattu padavannu baLasalAgide. Adare, A vAkyavannu ramESa geLeya mattu SrIpati geLeya emba eraDu vAkyagaLa jODaNeyinda tayArisalAgideyendu hELidalli, adakkiruva ‘ramESa SrIpatiya geLeya’ emba arthavAgalI illavE ‘SrIpati ramESana geLeya’ emba arthavAgalI baralAradu. itara vAkyagaLallU hIgeyE. eraDu nAmapadagaLannu I rIti mattu pada illavE U pratyaya vannu baLasadeyU jODisalu sAdhyavide. Adare intaha jODaNege mElinadakkinta svalpa bhinnavAda arthavide. udAharaNegAgi, tande tAyi, aNNa tamma, atte sose modalAda nanTastikeyannu sUcisuva padagaLa jODaNeyalli mattu illavE U embavugaLa baLakeyilla. idE rItiyalli ele aDike, mEju kucri, hAlu mosaru, modalAda hattirada sambandhagaLannu sUcisuva padagaLa jODaNeyallU avugaLa baLakeyilla.
kelavu sandabhragaLalli ondu vAkyavannu eraDu vAkyagaLa jODaNe yinda tayArisalAgideyO athavA eraDu pada illavE padakantegaLa jODaNeyinda tayArisalAgideyO emba viShayadalli samSaya vunTAgalu sAdhyavide. idallade, ondE vAkyakke I eraDu rItiya jODaNegaLU kAraNavAgiralu sAdhyaviddu adarindAgi A vAkyakke eraDu rItiya arthagaLu baralU sAdhyavide. (4ka) barahagAraru mattu kANalu hOgiddAre. prakASakaru mukhyamantriyannu (4kha) barahagAraru mukhyamantriyannu kANalu hOgiddAre. (4ga) prakASakaru mukhya mantriyannu kANalu hOgiddAre. (4gha) barahagAraru mattu prakASakaru oTTAgi mukhyamantriyannu kANalu hOgiddAre. (4ka) vAkyavannu (4kha) mattu (4ga) vAkyagaLa jODaNeyinda tayAri siralu sAdhyavideyEnO nija. Adare, adannE (4gha) vAkyada artha dallU baLasiralu sAdhyavide, mattu I (4gha) vAkyada artha bara bEkiddalli, adannu ((4ka) vAkyavannu) eraDu padagaLa jODaNeyinda mAtravE tayArisiralu sAdhya.

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8.1.2 jODisida vAkya mattu oLavAkya

ondu vAkyadalli eraDu vAkyagaLannu jODisalAgideyE athavA ondu vAkyavannu innondu vAkyada oLavAkyavAgi baLasalAgideyE emba viShayadallU samSayavunTAgalu sAdhyavide. udAharaNegAgi keLagina eraDu vAkyagaLannu gamanisabahudu. (5ka) avanu rAjuvannu UTakke kareyalu bandiddAne. (5kha) avanige rAjuvannu UTakke kareyalu maretide. (5ka)dalli eraDu vAkyagaLannu jODisalAgiddu, avu sUcisuva ghaTane gaLalli modalaneyadu eraDaneyadara anantara jaraguvudembudAgi alu pratyayada mUlaka sUcisalAgide (8.3.2 nODi). Adare (5kha)dalli modalaneya vAkya eraDaneya vAkya sUcisuva ghaTaneya ondu ghaTakavAgi bandiddu, adu A vAkyada oLavAkyavAgide (7.3.3 nODi). I rIti alu pratyayada baLakeyalli mAtravallade, kriyApadagaLa itara jODaNeya rUpagaLa baLakeyallU intaha samSayagaLu baralu sAdhyavide. oTTige bandiruva eraDu vAkyagaLa naDuve entaha sambandha vide embudannu pariSIlisuvudara mUlaka intaha samSayagaLannu hOgalADisabahudu.

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8.2 jODaNeya niyamagaLu

mEle vivarisiruva mUru vidhAnagaLalli yAvudannu elli baLasabahudu emba viShayadalli, mattu A vidhAnagaLannu baLasidAga vAkyagaLalli entaha badalAvaNegaLannella naDesabEkAguttade emba viShayadalli kelavu niyamagaLannu anusarisabEkAguttade. intaha niyamagaLu yAvuvu mattu mElina mUru vidhAnagaLa baLakeyalli avu hEge kANisi koLLuttave embudannu keLagina vibhAgagaLalli vivarisalAgide.

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8.2.1 ondE kriyApadada baLake

pratyayagaLa mUlaka kriyAvAkyagaLannu jODisabEkiddalli, avugaLalli baruva kriyApada ondE AgirabEkemba niyamavide. Adare pada illavE kriyArUpagaLa mUlaka jODisabEkiddalli, I kriyApadagaLu bEre bErAgiddarU tondareyilla.
pratyayagaLa baLakeyalli I niyama kANisikoLLalu mukhya kAraNa vEnendare, avugaLa mUlaka vAkyagaLeraDannu jODisuvAga avugaLa kriyApadagaLannu oTTu sErisi jODaNeya horage irisabEkAguttade, mattu idakkAgi A eraDu vAkyagaLallU ondE kriyApada bandiruvudu avaSya. eraDaneya vidhAnakkU mattu uLida eraDu vidhAnagaLigU naDu viruva I vyatyAsavannu keLagina udAharaNegaLalli kANabahudu. rAju nALe Dellige hOguttAne. (6kha) rAju nADidu mumbayige hOguttAne. rAju nALe Dellige hOguttAne mattu nADidu mumbayige hOguttAne. (7kha) rAju nALe DelligU mattu nADidu mumbayigU hOguttAne. (7ka)dalli mattu padada mUlaka (6ka) mattu (6kha) vAkyagaLannu jODisalAgide, mattu idakkAgi mattu padavannu modalaneya vAkyakke sErisalAgide. rAju pada I eraDu vAkyagaLallU bandiddu, adu obbanE vyaktiyannu gurutisuttideyAda kAraNa adannu eraDaneya vAkyadinda tegeduhAkalAgide. Adare hOguttAne kriyApadavannu eraDarallU bEre bErAgi uLisikoLLalAgide.
(7kha)dalli U pratyayada mUlaka ivE eraDu vAkyagaLannu (endare (6ka) mattu (6kha) vAkyagaLannu) jODisalAgide mattu idakkAgi A pratyayavannu bEre bErAgi A eraDu vAkyagaLigU sErisa lAgide. idallade, I eraDu vAkyagaLa koneyalli baruva kriyA padagaLannu oTTu sErisi ondAgi mADi adannu jODaNeya horage nillisalAgide mattu averaDarallU obbanE vyaktiyannu sUcisuvudakkAgi baruva rAju padavannu eraDaneya vAkyadinda tegeduhAkalAgide. (6ka) mattu (6kha) vAkyagaLannu I rIti jODisuvAga, kriyApada gaLeraDannu oTTu sErisalAgideyallade rAju padada hAge adannu modalaneya vAkyadinda tegeduhAkilla embudannu keLagina vAkyagaLu spaShTapaDisuttave. rAju nALe Dellige hOguttAne mattu hari nADidu mumbayige hOguttAne. (8kha) rAju nALe DelligU hari nADidu mumbayigU hOgu (8kha)dalli hOguttAne emba kriyArUpada badalu hOguttAre embudannu baLasalAgide embudannu gamanisabahudu. idu eraDu vAkya gaLalli baruva kriyApadagaLannu oTTu sErisidudarindAda rUpa. mattu padada baLakeyallU I rIti eraDu vAkyagaLalli baruva kriyApadagaLannu oTTu sErisi hELalu sAdhyavide embudannu keLagina udAharaNeyalli kANabahudu. rAju nALe Dellige mattu hari nADidu mumbayige hOguttAre. sAmAnyavAgi, jODisabEkAgiruva eraDu vAkyagaLa koneyalli baruva kriyApadagaLannu I rIti oTTige jODisade U pratyayavannu baLasalu sAdhyavAgadu. Adare keLagina vAkya I niyamakke apavAdavAgi kANisuttade. rAju maduvegU hOgiddAne, alli UTavannU mADi ddAne. (9kha) illi maLeyU baruttA ide, adarondige bisilU kAyuttA ide. Adare intaha baLakegaLalli eraDu vAkyagaLannu summage jODisiruva badalu ghaTane illavE sangatigaLeraDu anirIkShitavAda rItiyalli sEri konDive embudannu sUcisalAgide. U pratyayada hAge O pratyayavannu baLasuvudiddarU sAmAnya vAgi jODisabEkAgiruva vAkyagaLa koneyalli baruva kriyApada gaLeraDU ondE AgirabEku mattu avannu oTTige jODisida mEle jODaNeya horagirisi hELabEku emba niyamavide. (8gha) rAju nALe DelligO nADiddu mumbayigO hOgu ttAne. mUraneya vidhAnada mUlaka mEle koTTiruva (6ka) mattu (6kha) vAkyagaLannu jODisuvudu hEgembudannu keLagina udAharaNe yalli nODabahudu. (8Ga) rAju nALe Dellige hOgi nADidu mumbayige hOgu ttAne. (8Ga) vAkyadalli mUraneya vidhAnavannu baLasuvudara mUlaka (6ka) mattu (6kha) vAkyagaLannu jODisalAgide, mattu idakkAgi (6ka) vAkyada koneyalli bandiruva hOguttAne kriyApadavannu hOgi embudAgi adara jODisuva rUpakke badalAyisalAgide. idallade, obbanE vyaktiyannu sUcisuva rAju padavannu eraDaneya vAkyadinda tegedu hAkalAgide. padagaLa mattu kriyArUpagaLa baLakeyalli (endare modalanE mattu mUranE vidhAnagaLa baLakeyalli) vAkyagaLa koneyalli baruva kriyApadagaLannu oTTu sErisabEkAguvudillavAda kAraNa, avu A vAkyagaLalli ondE AgirabEkAgilla embudannu keLagina udAharaNegaLalli kANabahudu. (10ka) rAju nALe Dellige hOguttAne mattu allondu kelasakke sEruttAne. nALe Dellige hOgi allondu kelasakke sEruttAne,

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8.2.2 jODisuva pada illavE pratyayagaLa jAga

eraDaneya vidhAnakkU mattu uLida vidhAnagaLigU naDuviruva innondu vyatyAsavannU nAvu mEleyE nODiruvevu. eraDaneya vidhAnadalli baLakeyAguva U, O modalAda pratyayagaLannu eraDu vAkyagaLigU sErisabEkAguttade, Adare modalaneya vidhAnadalli baLakeyAguva mattu, illavE modalAda padagaLannu ondu bAri mAtra, eraDu vAkyagaLa naDuvinalli irisidare sAku.
mUraneya vidhAnadalli baLakeyAguva ‘jODisuva’ kriyArUpa vannU idE rItiyalli ondu bAri mAtra (modalaneya vAkyada koneyalli mAtra) baLasidare sAku. (11ka) avaLu SAlege hOgiddaLu mattu nAnu pETege hOgidde. (11kha) avaLu SAlegU nAnu pETegU hOgiddevu. (11ga) avaLu SAlege hOgi (allinda) pETege hOgiddaLu. (11ka)dalli mattu padannu ondu bAri mAtra baLasalAgide, mattu idE rItiyalli (11ga)dalli hOgi emba jODisuva kriyArUpa vannu modalaneya vAkyadalli mAtra baLasalAgide. Adare, (11kha)dalli U pratyayavannu eraDu bAri, jODisalAgiruva eraDu vAkyaga LondigU sErisi baLasalAgide. eraDakkinta jAsti vAkyagaLannu jODisuvudiddalli, mattu padavannu koneya vAkyada modaligomme baLasidare sAku, Adare jODisuva kriyArUpavannu koneya vAkyavondannu biTTu uLida ellA vAkyaga LondigU baLasabEkAguttade. U pratyayavannu koneya vAkyavU sEri dante pratiyondu vAkyadondigU baLasabEkAguttade. (12ka) rAju manege hOda, snAna mADida, mattu tarakAri haccalu surumADida. (12kha) rAju manege hOgi, snAna mADi, tarakAri haccalu suru mADida. (12ga) rAju puNegU, SaSi mumbayigU, satISa bengaLUrigU hOgiddAre. jODisuva (12ka)dalli mattu padavannu modalaneya vAkyadondige sErisilla, modalanE vAkyadallU baLasabEkAgide; koneya vAkyadalli mAtra adannu baLasilla. (12ga)dalli U pratyayavannu mUru vAkyagaLallU baLasalAgide. vAkyagaLa jODaNeyalli modalaneya eraDu vidhAnagaLannu oTTAgi baLasalU sAdhyavideyembudannu keLagina udAharaNegaLalli kANabahudu. kriyArUpavannu (13ka) avaLu SAlegU mattu nAnu pETegU hOgiddevu. (13kha) rAju SAlegO athavA pETegO hOgirabEku. eraDakkinta heccu vAkyagaLannu jODisuva kriyArUpada mUlaka jODisalAgideyAdare, antaha sandabhragaLalli mUraneya vidhAna dondige modalaneya vidhAnavannu baLasalu sAdhyavide. (13ga) rAju bella tindu mattu nIru kuDidu hoTTe tumbisi (13gha) I kelasavannu nIvu illE kuLitu athavA manege hOgi mADabahudu.

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8.2.3 jODisuva kriyArUpada baLake

jODisuva kriyArUpavannu baLasuva mUraneya vidhAna itara eraDu vidhAnagaLiginta halavu viShayagaLalli bhinnavAgide. pratiyondu kriyA padakkU nAlku jODisuva kriyArUpagaLiddu ivannu bEre bEre sandabhragaLalli baLasabEkAguttade. udAharaNegAgi keLagina vAkyagaLannu pariSIlisabahudu. (14ka) avanu UTa mADuttA nammondige mAtanADida. (14kha) avanu UTa mADi nammondige mAtanADida. (14ga) avanu UTa mADalu nammallige banda. (14gha) avanu UTa mADade nammallige banda. mADu kriyApadakke mADuttA, mADi, mADalu mattu mADade embudAgi nAlku kriyArUpagaLiddu, avugaLa baLake hEge embudannu (14ka-gha) vAkyagaLalli tOrisalAgide.
eraDu ghaTanegaLu ondE samayadalli jaraguttive embudannu sUcisuvudakkAgi (14ka)dalli mADuttA emba jODisuva rUpavannu baLasalAgide. idakke badalu, (14kha)dalli modalanE ghaTane eraDanE ghaTaneginta modalE naDeyuvudembudannu sUcisalu mADi emba rUpavannu baLasalAgide.
modalanE ghaTane eraDanE ghaTaneya anantara naDeyuvudembu dannu sUcisalu (14ga)dalli mADalu embudannu baLasalAgide mattu eraDanE ghaTane naDeyuva samayadalli modalanE ghaTane naDedira lillavembudannu sUcisalu (14gha)dalli mADade embudannu baLasa I rIti, jODisuva kriyArUpagaLalli baruva pratyayagaLu samayada maTTige A kriyApadagaLu tiLisuva ghaTanegaLa naDuviruva sambandhavEnu embudannu sUcisuttave (5.4.2 nODi). idu mattu padada baLakeginta bhinnavAgide embudannu keLagina udAharaNegaLu spaShTa paDisuttave. (15ka) rAju manege banda mattu snAna mADida. (15kha) rAju manege bandu snAna mADida. (16ka) rAju manege baruttAne mattu snAna mADuttAne. (16kha) rAju manege bandu snAna mADuttAne. (15ka) vAkyadalli banda mattu mADida emba eraDu kriyApadagaLU A vAkyavannADiruva samayakke sambandhisidante ghaTaneya samayavannu sUcisuttave. Adare, (15kha) vAkyadalli mADida emba eraDaneya kriyArUpa mAtra A vAkyavannADiruva samayakke sambandhisidante ghaTaneya samayavannu sUcisuttade; bandu emba innondu kriyA rUpa eraDanE ghaTaneya samayakke sambandhisidante modalanE ghaTaneya samayavannu sUcisuttade. I vyatyAsa (16ka-kha) vAkyagaLalli innaShTu spaShTavAgi kANisuttade. illi ghaTanegaLeraDU A vAkyavannADiruva samayakkinta anantara naDeyu vantahavugaLu. idannu sUcisuvudakkAgi (16ka)dalli baruttAne mattu mADuttAne embudAgi eraDu kriyArUpagaLU mundina samaya vannu sUcisuttive. sAmAnyavAgi I rIti mattu padada mUlaka illavE U pratyayada mUlaka jODisiruva vAkyagaLallella modalu tiLisiruva ghaTane modalu naDeyuvantahadu emba artha dhvanitavAgu I rIti (16ka)dalli dhvanitavAguva arthavannu (16kha)dalli bandu emba jODisuva kriyArUpada mUlaka spaShTavAgi sUcisalAgide. (16ka) vAkyada hAge (16kha) vAkyadallU mAtina samayada anantara naDeyuva eraDu ghaTanegaLannu tiLisalAgide. Adare I viShayavannu vAkyada koneyalli baruva mADuttAne kriyArUpa mAtra sUcisa balludu. bandu kriyArUpakke ghaTaneya samayakkU mattu mAtina samayakkU naDuviruva sambandhavannu sUcisuva arthavilla.
ghaTanegaLannu sUcisuvudakkAgi vAkyada koneyalli baruva kriyA padagaLigella samayavannu sUcisuvudakkAgi eraDu rUpagaLu mAtra ive embudannu nAvu hinde aydanE adhyAyadalli (5.2ralli) nODiruvevu. ivu vAkyavannADiruva samayakkinta modalu mattu anantara naDeyuva ghaTanegaLannu sUcisuttave.
udAharaNegAgi hOgu kriyApadakke hOguttAne mattu hOda embudAgi eraDu samayagaLannu sUcisuva kriyArUpagaLu mAtra ive (keLage koTTiruva (17ka-kha) vAkyagaLannu nODi). ondu ghaTane adannu tiLisuva vAkyavannADiruva samayadallEnE naDedideyembudAgi ghaTaneya ‘Igina samaya’vannu sUcisuva avaSyakate kelavu sandabhragaLalli baruvudAdarU, adakkAgi kannaDadalli pratyEkavAda kriyArUpavilla. intaha ghaTanegaLu heccu hottu (endare antaha varNaneyannu tayArisikoLLalu bEkAguvaShTu hottAdarU) naDedira bEkAguttade. hAgAgi, avannu varNisuvudakkAgi kriyApadagaLa jODisuva rUpadondige iru kriyApadada Igina samayada rUpavannu baLasabEkAguttade ((17ga) nODi). (17ka) rAju manege hOguttAne. (17kha) rAju manege hOda. (17ga) rAju manege hOguttA iddAne. Adare, I kriyApadagaLa jODisuva rUpagaLu eraDara badalu mUru samayagaLannu sUcisuva avaSyakateyide. yAkendare, avu eraDu ghaTanegaLa naDuve kANisabahudAda mUru rItiya sambandha gaLannu (ondu ghaTane innondu ghaTaneya modalu naDedirabahudu, anantara naDedirabahudu illavE averaDU ondE samayadalli naDedirabahudu embudAgi) sUcisuva avaSyakateyide.
I mUru rItiya sambandhagaLu ellA rItiya ghaTanegaLa naDuveyU kANisikoLLalu sAdhyavideyAda kAraNa, ellA kriyApada gaLigU modalina samaya, anantarada samaya mattu ondE samaya embudAgi mUru vidhavAda samayagaLannu sUcisaballa jODisuva rUpagaLive.
idallade, ellA kriyApadagaLigU nAlkaneya allagaLeyuva rUpa vondiddu, adu samayada maTTige ghaTanegaLa naDuve sambandha illadiruvudannu sUcisuttade.

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8.2.4 ghaTaneya hatOTi

eraDu ghaTanegaLu avannu naDesuva vyaktigaLa hatOTiyalliruvavu gaLAdare, avannu tiLisuva vAkyagaLannu mattu padada mUlaka illavE U pratyayada mUlaka jODisalu sAdhyavide. Adare, jODisuva kriyArUpada mUlaka intaha vAkyagaLannu jODisabEkiddalli, A ghaTanegaLeraDannU obbanE vyakti naDesuttiruvudu avaSya.
bEyisida bEyisidaLu. (18kha) rAju tarakAriyannU jAnaki annavannU bEyisidaru. (18ga) rAju tarakAriyannu bEyisi sAmbAr mADida. mattu jAnaki anna (18ka-kha)gaLalli naDesuvavara hatOTiyalliruva eraDu ghaTanegaLannu, avannu bEre bEre vyaktigaLu naDesuttiruvarAdarU, mattu pada mattu U pratyayagaLa mUlaka jODisalu sAdhyavAgide; Adare, (19ga)dalli antaha eraDu vAkyagaLannu jODisuva kriyArUpada mUlaka jODisabEkAda kAraNa, adakkAgi A eraDu ghaTanegaLannU obbanE vyakti (rAju) mADiddAnendu hELabEkAgide. eraDu vAkyagaLu tiLisuva ghaTanegaLalli ondu (illavE eraDU) naDesuvavana hatOTiyalli illavAdalli avannu naDesuva vyaktigaLu bEre bErAgiddarU jODisuva kriyArUpagaLa mUlaka avannu jODisalu sAdhyavide. (19ka) nAvu iShTu bEga bandu avarige tondareyAyitu. (19kha) jOrAgi banduvu. (19ga) maDake oDedu rAmuvina mukhakke mosaru cimmitu. gALi bIsi taragelegaLella maneyoLage (19ka)dalli modalaneya ghaTane naDesuvavara hatOTiyallide, Adare eraDaneyadu hatOTiyallilla; (19kha-ga)gaLalli eraDu ghaTanegaLU hatOTiyallilladavu; I kAraNakkAgi ivannu jODisuva kriyArUpada mUlaka jODisi hELalu sAdhyavAgide. idallade, jODisuva kriyArUpagaLu eraDu ghaTanegaLa naDuviruva sambandhavannu allagaLeyuttiveyAdare, antaha kriyArUpagaLa mUlaka eraDu vAkyagaLannu, avu naDesuvavana hatOTiyalliruvantaha ghaTane yannu sUcisuvudiddarU, jODisi hELalu sAdhyavide. ghaTane hatOTi yalliruvantahadAdarU adannobba vyakti naDesuttilla embudE idakke kAraNavirabahudu. (20ka) avaru UTamADade nAnu UTamADuvudilla. (20kha) avaru A bAgilannu tereyade nAnu nimage pustaka koDuvudu hEge? Adare illU eraDaneya vAkya adannu naDesuvavana hatOTiyalliruva ghaTaneyannu sUcisuttideyAdare, adondu allagaLeyuva vAkyavAgira bEku (20ka) illavE kELviyAgirabEku (20kha) emba nibrandhaviruva hAge kANisuttade.

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8.3 jODaNeyalli mUru bage

eraDu vAkyagaLannu mEle vivarisida hAge jODisi hELalu mUru rItiya uddESagaLiruttave. ivu ghaTane illavE sangatigaLa naDuve kANisikoLLuva mUru rItiya sambandhagaLannu sUcisuttave.
modalaneyadAgi, eraDu ghaTane illavE sangatigaLa naDuve ondaroDanondu kUDikoLLuva sambandhavide embudannu sUcisuvu dakkAgi eraDu vAkyagaLannu jODisi hELabahudu. udAharaNegAgi, mattu padada mUlaka, U pratyayada mUlaka illavE jODisuva kriyArUpada mUlaka eraDu vAkyagaLannu oTTu sErisidalli, avu tiLisuva ghaTane illavE sangatigaLa naDuve I rIti ondaroDanondu kUDikoLLuva sambandhavideyendu sUcitavAguttade. (21ka) rAmu puNege mattu hari Dellige hOguttAre. (21kha) rAmu puNegU hari DelligU hOguttAre. (21ga) rAmu puNege hOgi (allinda) Dellige hOguttAne. mElina mUru vAkyagaLallU eraDu vAkyagaLu tiLisuva ghaTanegaLa naDuve ‘kUDikeya’ sambandhavideyembudannu gamanisabahudu. eraDaneyadAgi, illavE padada mUlaka athavA O pratyayada mUlaka eraDu vAkyagaLannu jODisi, avu tiLisuva ghaTane illavE sangatigaLa naDuve eraDarallondu embudAgi ‘badali’ sambandhavide endu sUcisabahudu. (22ka) rAju puNege illavE hari Dellige hOguttAre. (22kha) rAju puNegO hari DelligO hOguttAre. (22ka)dalli eraDu vAkyagaLu tiLisuva ghaTanegaLa naDuve badali sambandha videyembudannu, endare avugaLalli ondu naDeyuvudAdare innondu naDeyuvudilla embudannu, averaDannu illavE padada mUlaka jODisi sUcisalAgide. idE rItiyalli (22kha)dalli eraDu vAkya gaLannu jODisuvudakkAgi O pratyayavannu baLasuvudara mUlaka idE arthavannu sUcisalu sAdhyavAgide. mUraneyadAgi, Adare padada mUlaka eraDu vAkyagaLannu jODisidalli, avu tiLisuva ghaTane illavE sangatigaLalli eraDaneyadu modalaneyadakke pratikUlavAgideyemba artha sUcitavAguttade. (23ka) rAju puNege hOgidda, Adare hari Dellige hOgidda. (23kha) Ata hariyannu kanDidda, Adare satISanannu kanDiralilla. (23ga) maLe bandide, Adare TAnki tumbalilla. jODisiruva eraDu vAkyagaLalli eraDaneyadara munde Adare padavannu baLasuva badalu modalaneya vAkyada kriyApadakke re pratyayavannu sErisidalli modalaneya vAkya sUcisuva ghaTane illavE sangati eraDaneya vAkya sUcisuva ghaTane illavE sangatige Sharattu emba artha baruttade. (24ka) avanu bandare nAnu hOguttEne. (24kha) maLe bandare TAnkiyalli nIru tumbuttade. (24ga) bEgane hOgiddare avarige tondareyAguttittu.

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8.4 jODisida vAkyagaLu mattu kUDupadagaLu

kannaDadalli ‘kUDupada’vemba ondu viSiShTavAda racane baLakeyalliddu, cAritrikavAgi idu eraDu vAkyagaLa jODaNeyinda beLedu bandide. udAharaNegAgi keLagina vAkyagaLannu pariSIlisabahudu. (25ka) kappu nAyi A huDuganannu kaccibiTTitu. (25kha) Ake tanna kayberaLannu kattarisikonDaLu. (25ga) sItApati cennayge hOgiddAne. (25gha) yArO IsicErina baTTeyannu hariduhAkiddAre. (25Ga) Ata hoTTenOvininda nelada mEle horaLADida. (25ka) vAkyadalli kaccu mattu biDu emba eraDu kriyApadagaLu bandiddu, avugaLalli modalaneyadu adara jODisuva rUpadallU mattu eraDaneyadu adara tiLisuva rUpadallU bandive. Adare I vAkyadalli eraDu vAkyagaLa jODaNeyAgideyendu hELuvudu svalpa kaShTa. yAkendare, keLage koTTiruva eraDu vAkyagaLannu jODisidalli (25ka) vAkyada artha baruvudilla. (26ka) kappu nAyi A huDuganannu kaccitu. (26kha) kappu nAyi A huDuganannu biTTitu. idE rItiyalli mEle koTTiruva itara (25kha-Ga) vAkyagaLallU eraDu vAkyagaLa jODaNeyAgideyendu hELuvudu kaShTa. yAkendare, intaha vAkyagaLalli baruva eraDaneya kriyApadakke tannadE Ada ondu ghaTaneyannu sUcisuva arthavilla.
idakke badalu, I kriyApadagaLu vAkyadalli avakkinta modalu bandiruva kriyApada sUcisuva ghaTaneya kuritAgi EnAdarU tiLisuva kelasavannu naDesuttave. intaha racanegaLa kuritu heccina vivaragaLannu (5.6)ralli nODabahudu.

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8.4 sArAmSa

eraDu (athavA jAsti) vAkyagaLannu oTTu sErisuvudakkAgi mattu, illavE, Adare modalAda padagaLannAgali, illavE U, O, re modalAda pratyayagaLannAgali baLasalu sAdhyavide. idallade, vAkya vondara koneyalli baruva kriyApadada jODaNeya rUpavannu baLasiyU adannu innondu vAkyadondige jODisalu sAdhyavide. I rIti vAkyagaLannu jODisi hELalu mUru mukhyavAda uddESa gaLiruttave. vAkyagaLu tiLisuva ghaTane illavE sangatigaLa naDuve kUDikeya sambandhavideyendAgalI, badali sambandhavideyendAgalI illavE pratikUla (athavA Sharattina) sambandhavideyendAgalI sUcisu vudE I mUru uddESagaLu.
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adhyAya ombattu — sambandhisuvudu mattu allagaLeyuvudu

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9.1 pIThike

tiLisuva vAkyagaLalli kriyAvAkyagaLu mattu viShayavAkyagaLu embudAgi eraDu rItiya vAkyagaLiveyembudannu mEle nODiruvevu. ivugaLalli kriyAvAkyagaLu ondu ghaTaneyannU mattu viShayavAkyagaLu ondu sangatiyannU tiLisuvudakkAgi baLakeyAguttave. I eraDu rItiya vAkyagaLU I rIti ghaTane illavE sangatiyannu nEravAgi tiLisuvantaha rUpadalli mAtravallade bEre eraDu rUpagaLallU baraballuvu. ivannu sambandhisuva vAkyagaLu mattu allagaLeyuva vAkyagaLu embudAgi kareyabahudu. ondu ghaTane illavE sangatiyannu nEravAgi tiLisuva badalu, adaralli toDagiruva ghaTakagaLalli ondu A ghaTane illavE sangatige sambandhiside embudAgi tiLisalu sAdhyavide. idakkAgi tiLisuva vAkyavannu adara sambandhisuva rUpakke badalAyisikoLLabEku. I vidhAnada baLake yannu keLagina vAkyagaLalli kANabahudu. (1ka) mosarina gaDige oDedide. (1kha) oDedaddu mosarina gaDige. (2ka) A DabbadoLage ondu iliyide. (2kha) A DabbadoLagiruvudu ondu ili. (1ka)dalli mosarina gaDige oDedide emba ghaTaneyannu nEravAgi tiLisalAgide. Adare (1kha)dalli I rIti ondu ghaTane naDedide embudannu nEravAgi tiLisuva badalu, mosarina gaDige emba ghaTakakkU mattu A ghaTanegU naDuve sambandhavide embudannu tiLisalAgide. idE rItiyalli (2ka)dalli ondu viShayavannu nEravAgi tiLisalAgideyAdare, (2kha)dalli A viShayakkU mattu ondu ghaTakakkU (ondu ili embudakkU) naDuve sambandhavide embudannu tiLisalAgide. ondu ghaTane naDediruvudannu (athavA naDeyaliruvudannu) mattu ondu sangati iruvudannu nEravAgi tiLisuva badalu, ondu ghaTane naDedilla embudannu illavE ondu sangati nijavalla embudannu tiLisuvudakkAgi ‘allagaLeyuva’ vAkyavannu baLasalAguttade. idakkAgi tiLisuva vAkyakke illa padavannu sErisi hELabEkAguttade. (3ka) mosarina maDike oDeyitu. (3kha) mosarina maDike oDeyalilla. (4ka) A DabbadoLage iliyide. (4kha) A DabbadoLage iliyilla. I rIti ondu ghaTane illavE sangatiyannu nEravAgi allagaLeyuva badalu adakkU mattu ondu ghaTakakkU naDuviruva sambandhavannU allagaLeyalu sambandhisuva vAkyagaLU allagaLeyuva rUpadalli baraballuvu. Adare idakkAgi kannaDadalli alla emba bEreyE ondu allagaLeyuva padavannu baLasalAguttade. sAdhyavideyAda (5ka) oDedaddu mosarina gaDige. (5kha) oDedaddu mosarina gaDigeyalla. (5ga) marada mEliruvudu ondu kOti. (5gha) marada mEliruvudu (ondu) kOtiyalla.
sambandhisuvudu mattu allagaLeyuvudu tiLisiruva ghaTanegU mattu adara ghaTakakkU naDuviruva sambandha vannu mAtravallade, allagaLediruva ghaTane(illavE sangati)gU mattu ghaTakakkU naDuviruva sambandhavannU intaha vAkyada mUlaka alla gaLeyalu sAdhyavide. (6ka) mosarina gaDige oDeyalilla. (6kha) oDeyadudu mosarina gaDige. (6ga) maDakeyalli bisinIrilla. (6gha) maDakeyallilladiruvudu bisinIralla. sambandhisuvudakkAgi mattu allagaLeyuvudakkAgi baLakeyAguva I eraDu rItiya vAkyagaLa oLaracane hEgide embudannu keLage svalpa vivara vAgi pariSIlisalAgide. vAkyagaLa koneyalli ante padavannu sErisuva mUlaka bErobbana mAtannu illavE abhiprAyavannu ettihELalu sAdhya embudannu ELaneya adhyAyadalli (7.2.1ralli) nODiruvevu. ivannu mUranE rItiya tiLisuva vAkyagaLendu parigaNisalu sAdhyavide.

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9.2 sambandhisuva vAkyagaLu

vAkyada ondu ghaTakavannu adara itara bhAgakke sambandhisiruvante hELalu A ghaTakavannu vAkyada koneyalli irisabEku mattu vAkyada kriyApadavannu adara nAmapadarUpakke badalAyisikoLLabEku. udA haraNegAgi keLagina eraDu vAkyagaLannu pariSIlisabahudu.
(7ka) jAnakiya citra pEparinalli bantu. (7kha) pEparinalli bandudu jAnakiya citra. (7ka)dalli bandiruva tiLisuva vAkyavannu (7kha)dalli sambandhisuva vAkyavannAgi badalAyisalAgide, mattu idakkAgi, adara eraDu ghaTaka gaLalli ondannu (jAnakiya citra embudannu) vAkyada koneyalli irisalAgide mattu bantu emba adara kriyApadavannu bandudu emba nAmapadarUpakke badalAyisalAgide.

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9.2.1 ghaTakagaLannu pratyEkisuvudu

ondu vAkyadalli bandiruva bEre bEre ghaTakagaLannu I rIti adara uLida bhAgakke sambandhisiruvante pratyEkisi hELalu sAdhyavide.
rAju A vyApArige tanna maneyannu mAriddAne. (8kha) rAju A vyApArige mAriruvudu tanna maneyannu. rAju tanna maneyannu mAriruvudu A vyApArige. (8gha) A vyApArige tanna maneyannu mAriruvudu rAju. mEle (8ka)dalli bandiruva vAkyadalli mUru ghaTakagaLiddu anantarada mUru vAkyagaLalli, endare (8kha-gha)gaLalli A mUru ghaTakagaLalli ondondannU pratyEkisi, adu A vAkyada itara bhAgakke sambandhiside endu sUcisalAgide. sAmAnyavAgi vAkyadalli baruva ghaTakagaLalli ondannu mAtravE I rIti pratyEkisi hELuvudu rUDhi. Adare kelavu viSiShTavAda sandabhra gaLalli ondakkinta jAsti ghaTakagaLannU I rIti pratyEkisalu sAdhyavide embudannu keLagina vAkyagaLalli nODabahudu. rAju koTTudu harigondu pustaka. (9kha) SAmarAyaru varNisida apaghAta naDedudu ninne rAtri yaravADada sakralinalli. (9ga) jAsti maLe bandiruvudu ninne bombAyiyalli. idallade, vAkyavu sUcisuva ghaTaneyannE adara ghaTakagaLige sambandhi siruva hAgeyU intaha sambandhisuva vAkyada mUlaka tiLisalu sAdhya vide. idakkAgi intaha vAkyagaLalli nAmapadarUpadalliruva kriyApada vannu vAkyada koneyallirisabEku. (10ka) Ake rAjuvannu hogaLidudu (tegaLidudalla). (10kha) rAju I danavannu mAruvudu (dAna koDuvudalla).

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9.2.2 kriyApadavannu badalAyisuvudu

tiLisuva vAkyavondarinda sambandhisuva vAkyavannu tayArisabEkiddalli, adara kriyApadavannu nAmapadarUpakke badalAyisabEkembudannu nAvu sambandhisuvudu mattu allagaLeyuvudu mEle nODiruvevu. I badalAvaNege sambandhisidante kelavu samasye gaLiveyembudannu I vibhAgadalli nODaliruvevu. viShayavAkyagaLannu avugaLa koneyalli baruva iru kriyApadavannu tegedu hAkiyU baLasalu sAdhya embudannu nAvu 3.1ralli nODiru vevu. Adare intaha vAkyagaLannu avugaLa sambandhisuva rUpakke badalA yisabEkiddalli I rIti tegedu hAkida kriyApadavannu tirugi paDedu adannu nAmapadarUpadalli baLasikoLLabEkAguttade. (11ka) jAnakige SrIhariya mEle kOpavide. (11kha) jAnakige SrIhariya mEle kOpa. (11ga) jAnakige kOpaviruvudu SrIhariya mEle. (11ka)dalli bandiruva viShayavAkyada ide kriyArUpavannu (11kha) dalli tegedu hAkalu sAdhyavAgide. Adare (11ga)dalli bandiruva I vAkyada sambandhisuva rUpadinda I rIti A kriyApadada iruvudu emba nAmapadarUpavannu tegedu hAkalu sAdhyavAguvudilla. viShayavAkyagaLalli baruva iru kriyApadakke mUru kriyArUpaga Liddu (udA: iddAne, iruttAne, idda), avu hindina, mundina mattu Igina ghaTanegaLannu tiLisaballuvu embudannu nAvu mEle 3.1.1ralli nODiruvevu. Adare, I kriyApadakke iruvudu mattu iddudu embudAgi eraDu nAmapadarUpagaLu mAtra ive. hAgAgi, sambandhisuva vAkyagaLalli mundina mattu Igina ghaTanegaLa naDuvina vyatyAsavannu sUcisalu sAdhyavAgadu. (12ka) rAmamUtri I maneyalliruttAne. (12kha) rAmamUtri I maneyalliddAne. (12ga) rAmamUtri I maneyallidda. (13ka) rAmamUtri iruvudu I maneyalli. (13kha) rAmamUtri iddudu I maneyalli. (13ka-ga)gaLalliruva mUru kriyAvAkyagaLige badalAgi (13ka-kha) gaLalli kANisiruva hAge eraDu sambandhisuva vAkyagaLannu mAtra tayArisalu sAdhyavAgide embudannu gamanisabahudu. ivugaLalli modalaneyadu (12ka) vAkyadindalU tayArAgirabahudu illavE (12kha)dindalU tayArAgirabahudu. allagaLeyuva kriyAvAkyagaLalli hindina ghaTaneyannu allagaLeyu vavu mattu mundina ghaTaneyannu allagaLeyuvavu embudAgi eraDu rItiya vAkyagaLiveyembudannu munde (9.3ralli) nODaliruvevu. ivugaLalli modalaneyadara sambandhisuva rUpavannu nEravAgi adaralli bandiruva kriyApadavannu nAmapadarUpakke badalAyisuvudara mUlaka tayArisalu sAdhyavide. (14ka) jAnaki SAlege hOgalilla. (14kha) SAlege hOgadudu jAnaki. mundina ghaTaneyannu allagaLeyuva eraDaneya kriyAvAkyada sambandhisuva rUpavannu I rIti nEravAgi tayArisalu sAdhyavAgadu. ghaTaneyannu allagaLeyuva kriyApadakke nAmapadarUpavilla. hAgAgi intaha sandabhragaLalli kriyApadadondige iru embudara nAmapadarUpavannu baLasabEkAguttade. yAkendare, kannaDadalli mundina (15ka) jAnaki SAlege hOguvudilla. (15kha) SAlege hOgadiruvudu jAnaki.

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9.3 allagaLeyuva vAkyagaLu

mEle 9.1ralli sUcisiruva hAge, ondu ghaTane illavE sangatiyannu allagaLeyuvudakkAgi kannaDadalli illa padada baLakeyAguttade. I pada vannu baLasidAga, tiLisuva vAkyada koneyalli baruva kriyApadadallU kelavu badalAvaNegaLannu mADikoLLabEkAguttade. udAharaNegAgi keLage koTTiruva eraDu vAkyagaLannu gamanisabahudu. (16ka) jAnaki aDige mADidaLu. (16kha) jAnaki aDige mADalilla. (17ka) rAju upparigeyalli malaguttAne. (17kha) rAju upparigeyalli malaguvudilla. sambandhisuvudu mattu allagaLeyuvudu hindina ghaTaneyondannu tiLisuva (16ka) vAkyakke illa padavannu sErisuvudara mUlaka (16kha) vAkyadalli A ghaTaneyannu allagaLeya lAgide, mattu idakkAgi (16ka) vAkyada koneyalli bandiruva mADidaLu kriyArUpavannu mADalu embudAgi modalina ghaTane yannu sUcisuva rUpakke badalisikoLLalAgide.
idE rItiyalli mundina ghaTaneyondannu tiLisuva (17ka) vAkyakke illa padavannu sErisi (17kha) vAkyadalli A ghaTaneyannu allagaLeya lAgide, mattu idakkAgi (17ka) koneyalli bandiruva malaguttAne kriyArUpavannu malaguvudu embudAgi adara nAmapadarUpakke badalisikoLLalAgide. sangatigaLannu tiLisuva viShayavAkyagaLannu allagaLeyabEkiddalli, avugaLa koneyalli baruva iru kriyApadada rUpagaLallU badalAvaNe gaLannu mADikoLLabEkAguttade. ivugaLalli hindina mattu mundina samayada rUpagaLannu itara kriyApadagaLa rUpagaLa hAgeyE mEle sUcisidante badalAyisikoLLabEkAguttade. (18ka) SAmarAyaru AphIsinalli iddaru. (18kha) SAmarAyaru AphIsinalli iralilla. (19ka) SAmarAyaru AphIsinalli iruttAre. (19kha) SAmarAyaru AphIsinalli iruvudilla. hindina sangatiyannu sUcisuva iddaru kriyApadakke badalAgi (18kha) dalli iralu emba mundina samayavannu sUcisuva kriyArUpavannU mattu mundina (illavE rUDhiya) sangatiyannu sUcisuva iruttAre kriyApadakke badalAgi (19kha)dalli adara iruvudu emba nAmapada rUpavannU illa emba padadondige baLasalAgide. Adare, Igina samayavannu sUcisuva iddAne, iddALe, ide modalAda rUpagaLu avugaLa munde illa padavannu baLasidAga I rIti badalAguva badalu summage biddu hOguttave. (20ka) SAmarAyaru AphIsinalli iddAre. (20kha) SAmarAyaru AphIsinalli illa. (21ka) avaLige nimma mEle kOpa ide. (21kha) avaLige nimma mEle kOpa illa. tiLisuva vAkyagaLu ondu ghaTaneyalli toDagikonDiruva vyakti, vastu modalAdavugaLalli ondannu cuTukAgi sUcisaballuvu. I kelasa vannu avugaLa kriyApadagaLa koneyalli baruva ondu pratyaya naDesu ttade. Adare, I vAkyagaLa allagaLeyuva rUpagaLu I rIti ghaTaneyalli toDagikonDiruva (illavE toDagikonDillavembudAgi allagaLeyuva) vyakti illavE vastuvondannu cuTukAgi sUcisalAravu. allagaLeyuva vAkyagaLalli kriyApadada nAmapada rUpavAgalI illavE mundina samayavannu sUcisuva rUpavAgalI baruvudE idakke kAraNa. (22ka) rAju makkaLige kAphi koDuttAne. (22kha) rAju makkaLige kAphi koDuvudilla. (23ka) jAnaki makkaLige hAlu koDuttALe. (23kha) jAnaki makkaLige hAlu koDuvudilla. (22ka)dalli ghaTaneyannu naDesuva vyakti obba ganDasu embudannu adara koneyalli bandiruva koDuttAne kriyArUpa (Ane pratyayada mUlaka) cuTukAgi sUcisuttade. idE rItiyalli (23ka)dalli bandiruva koDuttALe kriyArUpa A vAkya tiLisuva ghaTaneyannu naDesuva vyakti obba hengasu embudannu (ALe pratyayada mUlaka) cuTukAgi sUcisuttade.
Adare I eraDu vAkyagaLa allagaLeyuva rUpagaLalli ((22kha) mattu (23kha)gaLalli) I eraDu kriyArUpagaLa nAmapadarUpa (koDuvudu) bandideyAda kAraNa, mattu I rUpadalli vyakti illavE vastuvannu sUcisuva pratyaya baruvudillavAda kAraNa, avu I rIti (ghaTaneyannu naDesadiruva) vyaktiyannu cuTukAgi sUcisalAravu. hindina vibhAgadalli vivarisiruva ‘sambandhisuva’ vAkyagaLallU I rIti ghaTaneyannu naDesuva vyaktiyannu cuTukAgi sUcisalu sAdhya vAguvudilla embudannu illi gamanisabahudu. sambandhisuvudu mattu allagaLeyuvudu (22ga) makkaLige kAphi koDuvudu rAju. (23ga) makkaLige hAlu koDuvudu jAnaki.

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9.3.1 sambandhavannu allagaLeyuvudu

ondu ghaTane illavE sangatiyannu I rIti nEravAgi allagaLeyuva badalu, adakkU mattu ondu ghaTakakkU naDuviruva sambandhavannu allagaLeyabEkiddalli illa embudara badalu alla emba bErondu padavannu baLasabEkAguttade. intaha vAkyagaLalli kriyApada adara nAmapadarUpadallideyAda kAraNa, adaralli yAva badalAvaNeyannU mADabEkAguvudilla. (24ka) avaru hOdudu mangaLUrige. (24kha) avaru hOdudu mangaLUrigalla. (25ka) avaru hOguvudu mangaLUrige. (25kha) avaru hOguvudu mangaLUrigalla. (26ka) avaru iruvudu mangaLUralli. (26kha) avaru iruvudu mangaLUralli alla. sangatiyondannu sUcisuva viShayavAkyagaLannu antaha sangatigU mattu vAkyada ondu ghaTakakkU naDuviruva sambandhavannu sUcisuvu dakkAgi ‘sambandhisuva’ vAkyagaLannAgi badalAyisabEkiddalli avugaLalli baruva iru kriyApadavannu nAmapadarUpakke badalAyisabEkAguvu dembudannu nAvu mEle 9.2ralli nODiruvevu. I iru kriyApada vannu nEravAgi tiLisuva vAkyagaLalli baLasadiralU sAdhyavide, Adare sambandhisuva vAkyagaLalli adara nAmapadarUpavannu A rIti baLasa diralu sAdhyavAgadu embudannU hinde (9.2.2ralli) sUcisalAgittu. Adare, intaha vAkyagaLannu allagaLeyuvudakkAgi avugaLondige alla padavannu baLasidAga, iru kriyApadada nAmapadarUpa biddu hOgalu sAdhyavide. (27ka) A huDugi kappu (iddALe). (27kha) A huDugiyiruvudu kappu. (27ga) A huDugiyiruvudu kappalla. (27gha) A huDugi kappalla. (27Ga) A huDugi kappilla. (27ka)dalli bandiruva tiLisuva vAkyavannu (27kha)dalli sambandhisuva vAkyavannAgi badalAyisalAgide, mattu (27ga)dalli I sambandhisuva vAkyavannu allagaLeyalAgide. (27gha) vAkyavU idE (27kha) vAkyada allagaLeyuva rUpavendu hELalu sAdhyavide. yAkendare adakke (27ga)da arthavE ide.
Adare (27Ga)dalli illa padada baLakeyAgideyAda kAraNa, adannu sangatiyondannu tiLisuva (27ka) vAkyada allagaLeyuva rUpavendu hELabEkAguttade. yAkendare, adu nEravAgi ondu sangatiyannE allagaLeyuttideyallade adakkU mattu ondu ghaTakakkU naDuviruva sambandhavannu allagaLeyuvudilla.

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9.3.2 padagaLannu allagaLeyuvudu

samskxtadalli vAkyagaLu sUcisuva arthada hAgeyE padagaLu sUcisuva arthavannU allagaLeyalu sAdhyavide. idakkAgi A bhASheyalli padagaLa edurige a-an, na illavE nir emba pratyayagaLallondannu baLasa bEkAguttade. kannaDadallU intaha pratyayagaLa baLakeyannu samskxtadinda eravalAgi bandiruva kelavu padagaLalli kANabahudu. (ka) a pratyaya (idu vyanjanagaLa eduru baruttade). txpti sAdhya
nyAya
jYAna
atxpti asAdhya anyAya ajYAna (kha) an pratyaya (idu svaragaLa eduru baruttade) anAcAra anartha sambandhisuvudu mattu allagaLeyuvudu aniShTa anuttIrNa (ga) na pratyaya nAstika
(gha) nir pratyaya (idakke nir, nis, niS modalAda rUpagaLive) udyOga upayukta prayOjana nirAdhAra nirudyOga nirupayukta nijrIvi niScinte
niShprayOjana nissAra Adare kannaDadavE Ada padagaLa arthavannu allagaLeyuvudakkAgi I rIti pratyayagaLa baLakeyAguvudilla. idakke badalu, antaha pada gaLondige allada illavE illada emba padavannu sErisi hELuvudara mUlaka antahadE allagaLeyuva arthavannu paDeyabahudu. (28ka) haNavilladavarannu yArU mAtanADisuvudilla. (28kha) biLiyallada hUvannu kILabEDi. (28ga) nammadallada vastu namage bEDa.

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9.3.3 allagaLeyuva kriyArUpagaLu

tiLisuva vAkyagaLannu bErondu vAkyada illavE padakanteya angagaLannAgi mADi baLasuvudiddalli, antaha vAkyada illavE pada kanteya angagaLannu allagaLeyuvudakkAgi kelavu viSiShTavAda kriyArUpa gaLannu baLasalAguttade. (29ka) jAnaki aDige mADalilla. (29kha) jAnaki aDige mADadudannu yArU gamanisalilla. (29ga) aDige mADada jAnaki UTavannU mADalilla. (29ka)dalli bandiruva vAkyavannu (29kha)dalli bErondu vAkyada angavannAgi (oLavAkyavannAgi) mADi baLasalAgide, mattu hIge mADuvAga, adara koneyalli bandiruva mADalilla emba kriyA rUpada badalu mADadudu emba adE kriyApadada nAmapada rUpavannu baLasalAgide. I mADadudu emba kriyArUpakkEnE allagaLeyuva arthavideyAda kAraNa adarondige illa padavannu baLasabEkAgilla embudannu gamanisabahudu. idE rItiyalli, (29ga) vAkyadalli (29ka) vAkyavannu ondu padakanteya angavannAgi mADi baLasalAgide mattu adakkAgi adara koneyalli baruva mADalilla kriyApadavannu mADada embudAgi badalAyisalAgide. I kriyArUpakkU allagaLeyuva arthavide.
eraDu athavA jAsti vAkyagaLannu kelavu viSiShTavAda kriyArUpagaLa mUlaka jODisuvantaha sandabhragaLallU illa illavE alla emba padagaLa badalu viSiShTavAda kriyArUpagaLannu baLasuvudara mUlaka allagaLeyuva arthavannu sUcisalu sAdhyavide. udAharaNegAgi keLagina vAkyagaLannu gamanisabahudu. (30ka) jAnaki UTa mADalilla; hAgeyE malagiddALe. (30kha) jAnaki UTa mADade malagiddALe. (30ka)dalli bandiruva eraDu vAkyagaLannu modalaneya vAkyadalli bandiruva mADalilla kriyArUpada badalu mADade kriyArUpavannu baLasi jODisalAgide (8.2.3 nODi). I mADade kriyArUpakke allagaLeyuva arthavideyAda kAraNa (30kha)dalli illa padavannu baLasa diddarU allagaLeyuva artha uLidukonDide. allagaLeyuva vAkyavannu sambandhisuva vAkyavannAgi badalAyisi dAgalU allagaLeyuva arthavannu sUcisalu intaha viSiShTavAda kriyArUpada baLakeyAguttade. (31ka) Ake maduvege sItAbAyiyannu kareyalilla. (31kha) Ake maduvege kareyadudu sItAbAyiyannu. sambandhisuvudu mattu allagaLeyuvudu idallade, innobba vyaktiya mUlaka kelasa mADisikoLLuva vAkyagaLa baLakeyallU (10.5 nODi) intaha allagaLeyuva kriyArUpada baLakeyannu kANabahudu. udAharaNegAgi, innobba vyaktiya mUlaka kelasavondannu mADisikoLLuva badalu Ata A kelasavannu mADadante taDegaTTabEkiddalli bEDa illavE bEDi emba kriyArUpada baLake yAguttade. (32ka) nIvu mEle hOgi. (32kha) nIvu mEle hOgabEDi. (33ka) rAju manege hOgali. (33kha) rAju manege hOguvudu bEDa. (32kha)dalli bandiruva bEDi kriyArUpakke mattu (33kha)dalli bandiruva bEDa kriyArUpakke allagaLeyuva arthavide.

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9.3.4 eraDu bAri allagaLeyuvudu

vAkyavondannu eraDaneya bAri allagaLeyabEkiddalli adara koneyalli endu padavannu baLasabEkAguttade. endare, illi ondu allagaLeyuva vAkyavannu ‘ettihELi’, adannE innomme allagaLeyalAguttade.
(34ka) avanu pattEdAri kate OduttAne. (34kha) avanu pattEdAri kate Oduvudilla. (34ga) avanu pattEdAri kate Oduvudillavendilla.
(34ka)dalli bandiruva tiLisuva vAkyavannu (34kha)dalli allagaLeya lAgide. idannE (34ga)dalli mattomme allagaLeyalAgide. I rIti eraDaneya bAri allagaLediruva vAkya ‘ghaTaneyondu naDeyuttade’ embudAgi ‘allagaLeyada’ arthavannu koDuvudAdarU, adakkU nEra vAgi ondu ghaTane naDedide embudannu tiLisuva vAkyakkU naDuve arthadalli vyatyAsavide embudannu gamanisabahudu.
mEle (34ga) vAkyadalli eraDaneya bArige bandiruva illa pada modalaneya bArige bandiruva adE padavannu hoDedu hAkiruvu dEnO nija. AdarU A vAkyakke (34ka) vAkyada arthakkinta svalpa maTTige bhinnavAda arthavide. adu sUcisuva ghaTane aparUpavAgi mAtra naDeyuttade embudAgi ondu viSiShTavAda artha A vAkyakke sErikoLLuttade.

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9.3.5 aLateyannu allagaLeyuvudu

ondu vastuvina aLate illavE parimANavannu tiLisuva vAkyavannu allagaLedAga, sAmAnyavAgi A vastuvu A vAkyadalli sUcisida parimANakkinta kaDime parimANadallideyemba artha baruttade. Adare intaha vAkyagaLannu ‘sambandhisuva’ rUpadalli baLasidevAdare I rIti ‘kaDime’ emba artha baruvudilla. (35ka) I Dabbadalli nAlku sEru akki ide. (35kha) I Dabbadalli nAlku sEru akki illa. (36ka) I Dabbadalli akkiyiruvudu nAlku sEru. (36kha) I Dabbadalli akkiyiruvudu nAlku sEralla. (35kha) vAkyakke sAmAnyavAgi I Dabbiyalli nAlku sEriginta kaDime akki ide emba artha baruttade. Adare (36kha) vAkyakke I rIti kaDime emba artha baruvudilla embudannu gamanisabahudu. Dabbiyalli nAlku sEriginta jAsti akkiyideyAdalli (36kha)vannu baLasalu sAdhyavide, Adare (35kha)vannu baLasalu sAdhyavAgadu. intaha allagaLeyuva vAkyagaLa baLakege bEre kelavu udAharaNegaLannu keLage koDalAgide. (37ka) I gODe aydaDi ettara illa. (37kha) I gODeya ettara aydaDi alla. (38ka) Ake mUru maylu naDeyalilla. (38kha) Ake naDedudu mUru maylalla.

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9.3.6 kelavu viSiShTa padagaLa baLake

allagaLeyuva vAkyagaLalli mAtravE baLakeyAgaballa kelavu viSiShTavAda pada mattu padakantegaLu kannaDadallive. ivugaLalli kelavannu kELvigaLallU sambandhisuvudu mattu allagaLeyuvudu baLasabahudu 10.4.7 nODi). udAharaNegAgi, goDave padavannu allagaLeyuva vAkyagaLalli illavE kELvigaLalli baLasuttEvallade, itara vAkyagaLalli baLasuvudilla. (39ka) Ake yAra goDavegU hOguvudilla. (39kha) Ake rAjuvina goDavege hOdudu yAke? yAru, Enu, elli modalAda savrapadagaLige U pratyayavannu sErisi tayArisida yArU, EnU, ellU modalAda aniScayArthada padagaLU allagaLeyuva vAkyagaLalli illavE kELvigaLalli baraballuvallade nEravAgi tiLisuva vAkyagaLalli illavE sambandhisuva vAkyagaLalli bara lAravu. (40ka) rAjuvina pATrige yArU baralilla. (40kha) rAjuvina pATrige yArU baralillavE? tiLisuva vAkyagaLalli aniScayateyideyAdare mAtra antaha vAkyagaLalli I padagaLannu baLasalu sAdhya. (40ga) rAjuvina pATrige yArU hOgabahudu. intaha aniScayArthaka padagaLa baLakeyalli kANisikoLLuva nibrandhagaLa kuritAgi jAsti vivaragaLige bhaT 2003: 167) nODi. idE rItiyalli allagaLeyuva vAkyagaLalli baLakeyAgadantaha (mattu nEravAgi tiLisuva vAkyagaLalli baLakeyAguva) bEre kelavu viSiShTavAda pada mattu padakantegaLU kannaDadallive. udAharaNegAgi, AgalE padavannu baLasiruva keLagina vAkyavannu allagaLeyalu sAdhya vAgadu. (41) avaLu AgalE bandiddALe. idallade, allagaLeyuva vAkyagaLalli bahaLa padada badalu sAmAnya vAgi jAsti illavE aShTondu embudannu baLasuvudu rUDhi. (42ka) avaLa maduvege bahaLa jana bandiddaru. (42kha) avaLa maduvege jAsti jana bandiralilla. (43ka) cunAvaNeya sabheyalli bahaLa jana sEriddaru. (43kha) cunAvaNeya sabheyalli aShTondu jana sEriralilla.

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9.4 sArAmSa

ondu ghaTane illavE sangatiyannu nEravAgi tiLisuva badalu adakkU adara ondu ghaTakakkU naDuve sambandhavide embudAgi sUcisalu sAdhyavide. idakkAgi sambandhisuva vAkyagaLa baLakeyAguttade. idE rItiyalli ondu ghaTane illavE sangatiyannu nEravAgi tiLisuva badalu adara naDeyuvike illavE iruvikeyannu allagaLeyalu sAdhyavide. idakkAgi allagaLeyuva vAkyagaLa baLakeyAguttade. I eraDu rItiya vAkyagaLannU tiLisuva vAkyagaLallEnE kelavu badalAvaNegaLannu mADuvudara mUlaka tayArisikoLLalu sAdhyavide. English → | ಕನ್ನಡ →

adhyAya hattu — mAtina kelasagaLu

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10.1 pIThike

mAtina mUlaka nAvu halavAru kelasagaLannu naDesaballevu. yAvudAda rondu sangatiyannu innobbarige tiLisuvudu ivugaLalli atyanta prAmukhyavAda kelasa. idallade, tiLiyadiruva sangatiyannu bEreyava rinda tiLidukoLLuvudakkAgi kELviyondannu baLasuvudu, mADalu sAdhyavillada kelasavannu innobbarinda mADisikoLLuvudakkAgi avarannu bEDikoLLuvudu illavE avarige appaNemADuvudu, mADabArada kelasavannu mADadante taDeyuvudu, modalAda bEreyU halavAru rItiya kelasagaLannu nAvu mAtina mUlaka naDesaballevu.
I bEre bEre rItiya mAtina kelasagaLannu naDesuvudakkAgi kannaDa dalli bEre bEre rItiya vAkyaracaneya vidhAnagaLu baLakeyallive. intaha kelasagaLannu naDesuvudakkAgiyE baLasabahudAdantaha kelavu pada gaLu kannaDadalliddu, avannu baLasi racisida horavAkyagaLoLage vAkya vondannirisi hELuvudu intaha vidhAnagaLallondu.
(1ka) dEvaru nimage oLLeyadu mADalendu harasuttEne. (1kha) sAlavannu tIrisuttEnendu nALeyE mADuttEne. kaDimege nUrAdarU koDabEkendu nanna prArthane.
(1gha) I kAryakramadalli sahakarisidavarellarigU nanna kxtajYate gaLu. (1Ga) adhyakSharu bandiddArEnri? (1ka) vAkyadalli ‘harasuva’ kelasavannu naDesuvudakkAgi harasu kriyApada horavAkyadalli bandiddu, ‘Enendu harasiddu’ embudannu adara oLa vAkyavAgi bandiruva dEvaru nimage oLLeyadu mADali embudu tiLisuttade. idE rItiyalli (1kha)dalli ANe mADi hELuttEne emba horavAkyavU, (1ga)dalli nannaprArthane emba horavAkyavU, (1gha) dalli nanna kxtajYategaLu emba horavAkyavU mattu (1Ga)dalli Enri? emba horavAkyavU avu naDesaballa kelasagaLannu sUcisuttave. vAkyagaLallEnE kelavu badalAvaNegaLannu mADi antaha badalA giruva vAkyagaLa mUlaka mAtina kelasagaLannu naDesuvudu innondu vidhAna. (2ka) magu kucriyalli kuLitide. (2kha) magu kucriyalli kuLitideyE? (2ga) magu elli kuLitide? (2gha) magu kucriyalli kuLitirali. (2Ga) magU, kucriyalli kuLituko. (2ka)dalli tiLisuva kelasavannu naDesuva vAkyavondu bandiddu, (2kha- Ga)gaLalli A vAkyadallEnE badalAvaNegaLannu mADuvudara mUlaka adu nijavE endu kELuvudu, adakke oppige koDuvudu, modalAda bEre kelavu kelasagaLalli toDagisalu sAdhyavAguvante mADalAgide. idallade, vAkyavondannu yAva rItiyalli nuDiyalAgide embu dara mElU adu entaha kAryavannu naDesaballudu emba viShaya avalambisiruttade. udAharaNegAgi, ondu vAkyavannu ettarada dhvani yalli hELuvudakkU mattu taggina dhvaniyalli hELuvudakkU naDuve avugaLa mUlaka naDesikoLLabahudAda kelasagaLalli vyatyAsavide. ettarada dhvaniyalli hELi kELuganannu hedarisabahudu mattu taggina dhvaniyalli hELi Atanannu santaysabahudu.
ondu vAkyavannu yAru baLasiddAre, mattu yArannu uddESisi adannu baLasalAgide embudara mElU vAkyavondu entaha kelasavannu naDesaballudu embudu avalambisiruttade. udAharaNegAgi, mAvina marada hattira hOgabEDa emba vAkyavannu obba huDuga innobba huDugana hattira hELiruvanAdare, adu kAvalugAra nODuttiddAne, hoDeyabahudu embudAgi ‘eccarisuva’ kelasa mADabahudu. Adare adE vAkyavannu obba huDugana hattira obba kAvalugAra hELiruva nAdare, adu marada hattira A huDuga hOgadante ‘taDehiDiyuva’ kelasavannu mADabahudu. vAkyavondannu baLasiruva sandabhrakkanusAravAgiyU adu naDesa balla kelasagaLu bEre bErAgiralu sAdhyavide. udAharaNegAgi, kiTike teredideyO emba vAkyavannu caLigALi bIsuttiruva sandabhradalli obba vyakti hELiruvanAdare, ‘terediddare adannu muccabEku’ emba artha baruttade, Adare adE vAkyavannu jAsti sekheyiruva sandabhradalli hELiruvanAdare, ‘teredillavAdalli tereyabEku’ emba artha baruttade. I rIti vAkyavondara mUlaka entaha kelasagaLannu naDesalu sAdhya embudu bEre bEre viShayagaLannu avalambisiddu, avugaLalli kelasa gaLannu naDesikoDuva horavAkyagaLa baLake mattu vAkyadallEnE naDesuva badalAvaNegaLa baLake emba modalaneya eraDu viShayagaLannu mAtra I adhyAyadalli vivarisalAgide. yAkendare, I eraDu viShayagaLalli mAtra vAkyada oLaracaneyalli vyatyAsagaLu tOribaruttave.
mAtina kelasagaLalli heccinavU prAmukhyavAgi mAtinalli baLake yAguva vAkyagaLalli kANisikoLLuttave. barahadalli baruva vAkyagaLalli intaha kelasagaLalli kelavu mAtra kANisikoLLuttave. I pustakadalli prAmukhyavAgi barahada kannaDadalli baruva vAkyagaLa oLaracaneyannu vivarisalAgideyAda kAraNa, mAtina kelasagaLalli kelavannu mAtravE illi vivarisuva avaSyakate kanDubandide.

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10.2 naDesikoDuva padagaLu

kannaDadalli sUcisu, kShamisu, ASIvradisu, hAraysu, svAgatisu, mAtukoDu modalAda kelavu kriyApadagaLannAgali illavE suLLu, appaNe, kxtajYate, svAgata, modalAda kelavu nAmapadagaLannAgali baLasi, avugaLa mUlaka kelavu mAtina kelasagaLannu naDesalu sAdhyavide. (3ka) adhyakSha sUcisuttEne. sthAnakke nAnu viSvESvarana hesarannu (3kha) haNavannu hadinaydu divasagaLoLage hindirugisuttEnendu mAtukoDuttEne. (4ka) nimagellarigU svAgata. (4kha) nIvu ninne illige bandiruvudu suLLu. (3ka)dalli ‘sUcisuva’ kelasavannu sUcisu kriyApadavannu baLasuvudara mUlakavU mattu (3kha)dalli mAtukoDuva kelasavannu mAtukoDu kriyApadavannu baLasuvudara mUlakavU naDesalu sAdhyavAgide. idakke badalu (4ka-kha) gaLalli svAgata mattu suLLu emba eraDu nAmapada gaLannu baLasi svAgatisuva mattu allagaLeyuva kelasagaLannu naDesalu sAdhyavAgide. sAmAnyavAgi kriyApadagaLa mUlaka mAtina kelasagaLannu naDesa bEkiddalli avannu ADuganE naDesuva hAge mattu avu mundina samayadalli naDeyuva hAge hELuvudu avaSya. itararu naDesuva hAge illavE hindina samayadalli naDediruva hAge hELidalli avu mAtina kelasagaLannu naDesuva badalu antaha kelasagaLu naDedive athavA naDeya live embudAgi tiLisuvudannu mAtra mADuttave. (5ka) adhyakSha sthAnakke nAnu viSvESvarana hesarannu sUciside. (5kha) haNavannu hadinaydu divasagaLoLage hindirugisuttEnendu rAju mAtu koDuttAne. (5ka) vAkyadalli sUcisu kriyApada hindina kAladalli naDeda ondu kriyeyannu tiLisuttadallade sUcisuva kelasavannu naDesuvudilla. idE rItiyalli (5kha) vAkyadalli mAtu koDuttEne embudu rAju mundina kAladalli naDesabahudAda kelasaventahadu embudannu tiLisutta dallade mAtu koDuva kelasavannu naDesuvudilla.

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10.2.1 kelavu apavAdagaLu

mElina niyamakke kelavu apavAdagaLive. udAharaNegAgi, mAtina kelasavondannu nEravAgi sUcisuva badalu adannu naDesuva bayake yannu sUcisidAgalU adu naDedu hOguva sAdhyateyide. (6ka) nimmellarigU nAnu kxtajYategaLannu aprisabayasuttEne. (6kha) I sammELanavannu udghATisalu nanage bahaLa santOSha vAguttade. mAtina kelasavondannu naDesuva ‘bayake’yannu mAtravE sUcisuva (6ka) vAkya mattu antaha kelasavannu naDesuvalli dorakuva ‘santOSha’ vannu mAtravE sUcisuva (6kha) vAkya iveraDU avu naDesabEkA giruva ‘kxtajYategaLannu aprisuvudu’ mattu ‘udghATisuvudu’ emba eraDu mAtina kelasagaLannu naDesikoDalu SaktavAgive embudannu gamanisabahudu. kelavu rItiya kriyApadagaLannu baLasadiddarU avu naDesaballa mAtina kelasa sandabhrada baladinda naDedu hOgalu sAdhyavide. nAlku ganTege baruttEnendu mAtukoDuttEne. (7kha) nAlku ganTege baruttEne. (8ka) dIrghasumangaliyAgendu ASIvradisuttEne. (8kha) dIrghasumangaliyAgu. mAtukoDuttEne kriyArUpavannu baLasillavAdarU adakke ‘mAtukoDuva’ kelasavannu naDesuva Saktiyide. (8kha) vAkyadalli ASIvradisuttEne emba idE rItiyalli kriyArUpavannu baLasilla vAdarU adakke ‘ASIvradisuva’ kelasavannu naDesuva Saktiyide. Adare (7-8ka) vAkyagaLalli kANisida hAge mAtina kelasavannu sUcisuva kriyApadavannu baLasidAga adu sAdhisabEkAgiruva kelasada mEle heccina ottu bILuttade. Adare, udghATisu, ANeyiDu, kShamisu, svAgatisu modalAda bEre kelavu kriyApadagaLannu (illavE avakke samAnavAda nAmapada gaLannu) vAkyadalli baLasidarEnE avu naDesaballa mAtina kelasagaLu naDeyaballuvu emba niyamaviruvante tOruttade.
idallade, kelavu sandabhragaLalli mAtina kelasagaLannu naDesaballa I kriyApadagaLu sariyAda kriyArUpadallE bandiveyAdarU, avu sUcisuva mAtina kelasagaLannu naDesuvudakkAgi baLakeyAgiruva badalu itara kriyApadagaLa hAge antaha ghaTaneyondu naDeyalideyembudannu tiLisuvudakkAgi mAtravE baLakeyAgiralu sAdhyavide. nAlku ganTege baruttEnendu mAtu koDuttEne. I vAkyavannu obba vyakti mAtu koDuva kelasavannu naDesuvudakkAgi baLasirabahudu, illavE antaha kelasavannu mADaliruvenendu tiLisuvu dakkAgi mAtravE baLasiralU bahudu. eraDaneya baLakeyalli adu ‘tiLisuva’ kelasavannu naDesuttideyallade ‘mAtukoDuva’ kelasavannu naDesuvudilla.

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10.3 kELuva vAkyagaLu

tiLiyadiruva sangatiyondannu innobbarinda kELi tiLidukoLLuvudakkAgi baLasuva vAkyagaLE ‘kELuva’ vAkyagaLu. kannaDadalli I mAtina kelasakkAgi eraDu rItiya vAkyagaLu baLakeyAguttave. ivannu ‘vAkyakELvigaLu’ mattu ‘vAkyAnga kELvigaLu’ embudAgi hesarisabahudu.
vAkyakELvigaLu ondu iDI vAkyavu tiLisuva sangati nijavE endu kELuttave. Adare vAkyAnga kELvigaLu vAkyavu tiLisuva sangatiya ondu amSa entahadu endaShTE kELuttave. A sangatiya uLida amSagaLella tanage gottiveyendE intaha vAkyAnga kELvigaLannu baLasiruva vyaktiya tIrmAnavAgiruttade. (10ka) rAju mangaLUrige hOgiddAnO? (10kha) rAju ellige hOgiddAne? (10ka) ondu vAkyakELvi, mattu (10kha) ondu vAkyAnga kELvi. (10ka) dalli ondu iDI vAkyavu tiLisuva sangati (endare rAju mangaLUrige hOgiddAne embudu) nijavE endu kELalAgide.
idakke badalu (10kha)dalli antaha vAkyavu tiLisuva sangatiya ondu amSa mAtra (endare rAju hOgiruva jAga mAtra) entaha dendu kELalAgide. rAju elligO hOgiddAne emba A vAkyavu tiLisuva sangatiya uLida amSa tanage tiLidide mattu nija embudu I kELviyannu baLasuva vyaktiya nambikeyAgide.
vAkyakELviyalli kELviya vyApti iDI vAkyada mEle bILuvudAda kAraNa, adondu kELvi embudanniShTE tiLisidare sAku. idakkAgi vAkyada koneyalli O, A illavE E pratyayavannu baLasalAguttade. idallade vAkyada Sruti koneyalli keLage iLiyade hAgeyE uLiyuvanteyU mADalAguttade. I eraDu viShayagaLallU tiLisuva vAkyagaLu vAkya kELvigaLinda bhinnavAgiveyembudannu keLagina udAharaNegaLalli kANa bahudu. (11ka) raghu ivattu jAnakiya manege hOgidda. (11kha) raghu ivattu jAnakiya manege hOgiddanO? (12ka) sakrassina Aneya kAlu muridide. (12kha) sakrassina Aneya kAlu muridideyE? (11ka) vAkya ondu sangatiyannu tiLisuttade, mattu adara Sruti A vAkyada koneyalli keLage iLiyuttade. idakke viruddhavAgi (11kha) vAkya ondu vAkyakELvi, mattu adara Sruti A vAkyada koneyalli keLage iLiyade hAgeyE uLiyuttade (athavA svalpa mElakke Eruttade). idallade, (11kha) vAkyada koneyalli O pratyayavU bandide. (12ka- kha)gaLa naDuveyU intahadE Srutiya vyatyAsaviddu, (12kha)da kone yalli E pratyaya bandide. vAkyada koneyalli I rIti adara Sruti keLage iLiyade hAgeyE uLidide embudannu sUcisuvudakkAgi barahadalli ‘?’ emba cihneyannu baLasuva avaSyakateyide. idakke badalu, vAkyada koneyalli ‘.’ emba cihneyannu baLasidalli vAkyada Sruti koneyalli keLagiLidide embudu sUcitavAguttade.
vAkyAnga kELviyalli I rIti adondu kELviyembudannu mAtra valla, adannu baLasida kELuganige vAkyada yAva angada kuritAgi mAhiti bEkAgide embudannU sUcisuva avaSyakateyide. idakkAgi yAru, Enu, yAke, elli modalAda ‘aniScita’ savrapadagaLa llondannu (10.4.1 nODi) intaha vAkyagaLalli baLasuva krama baLakeyallide. (13ka) rAju harige ondu pustaka koTTa. (13kha) rAju harige Enu koTTa? (13ga) rAju ondu pustaka yArige koTTa? (13gha) harige ondu pustaka yAru koTTaru? (13ka) vAkya ondu ghaTane naDediruvudannu tiLisuttideyAda kAraNa, adondu ‘tiLisuva vAkya’. (13kha-gha)gaLu A ghaTaneya bEre bEre amSagaLa kuritAgi mAhitiyannu paDeyalu baLasabahudAda vAkyAnga kELvigaLu. (13ka)dalli vAkyada Sruti adara koneyalli keLage iLiyuttade mattu itara mUru vAkyagaLalli adu I rIti keLage iLiyade hAgeyE uLiyuttade.
idallade, (13ka) vAkyada mUru bEre bEre ghaTakagaLige badalAgi (13kha-gha) vAkyagaLalli anukramavAgi Enu, yArige mattu yAru emba aniScita savrapadagaLu bandive. ivu A ghaTaneya yAva ghaTakada kuritAgi kELuvavanige heccina mAhiti bEkAgide embudannu sUcisu ttave.

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10.3.1 vAkyakELvigaLa svarUpa

vAkyakELvigaLa koneyalli O, A illavE E pratyayagaLalli yAvu dAdarU ondu baLakeyAguttade. I mUru pratyayagaLu kannaDada bEre bEre UrugaLalli kANisikoLLuva mAtina bhEdagaLAgiddu barahadallU I mUru pratyayagaLannu kANabahudu.
udAharaNegAgi mangaLUru kannaDada vAkya kELvigaLa koneyalli O pratyaya kANisikoLLuvudE jAsti. idakke badalu, maysUru kannaDada vAkyakELvigaLalli A pratyayavE heccAgi kANisikoLLuttade.
vAkyakELvigaLa koneyalli I rIti O, A illavE E pratyayagaLa llondu (athavA Enu embudu) baruvudu mAtravallade, vAkya mugidAga avugaLa koneyalliruva Sruti keLagiLiyade hAgeyE uLiyu ttade, illavE svalpa mElakke Eruttade. nijakkU kannaDada vAkya kELvigaLalli ‘avu kELvigaLu’ embudannu sUcisuvudu avugaLa koneyalli baruva I Srutiya svarUpa mAtra. adarondige baruva E, O mattu AgaLige nEravAgi kELuvikeya arthavilla.
yAkendare, tiLisuva vAkyada koneyalli baruva Srutiyannu mAtravE badalAyisidAgalU adu kELviyAgaballudu.
(14ka) ganTe mUrAdarU UTa baralilla. (14kha) ganTe mUrAdarU UTa baralilla? (15ka) idu SrInivAsana mane. (15kha) idu SrInivAsana mane? mEle koTTiruva vAkyagaLalli (ka) vAkyagaLu tiLisuva vAkyagaLu mattu (kha) vAkyagaLu avu tiLisuva ghaTane illavE sangati nijavE embudannu kELuva vAkyagaLu. ivugaLa naDuve mAtinalli avugaLa koneyalli baruva Srutiyalli mAtra (mattu barahadalli avugaLa koneyalli baruva cihneyalli mAtra) vyatyAsa ide embudannu gamanisabahudu. vAkyakELvigaLa koneyalli I rIti O, A illavE E pratyayagaLannu baLasuva badalu Enu emba aniScayArthavannu sUcisuva savrapada vannu baLasalU sAdhyavide. (16ka) SAmarAyaru maneyalliddArO? (16kha) SAmarAyaru maneyalliddArEnu? (17ka) nimmUralli akkiya bele kaDimeyE? (17kha) nimmUralli akkiya bele kaDimeyEnu? I rIti Enu padavannu baLasi tayArisida vAkyakELvigaLa koneyalli kELuganannu karedu hELuva rI, E, O modalAda pratyaya illavE padagaLannu baLasalu sAdhyavide. ivugaLalli E embudannu obba huDugi (illavE keLagina starada hengasu) kELugaLAgiddAgalU mattu O embudannu obba huDuga (illavE keLagina starada ganDasu) kELuga nAgiddAgalU baLasalAguttade. idallade kELuganige maryAde koTTu kareyabEkAgiruva sandabhradalli ri pratyayada baLakeyAguttade.
(18ka) A kateyannu nALe baredu koDuttIrEnri? (18kha) sakkare I tingaLige sAkAdItEnE? (18ga) hAlinavaLige Aru rUpAyi koTTeyEnO? (18gha) ondu lOTe nIru koDuttIyEnappa? O, E mattu A pratyayagaLu kannaDada kELvigaLalli mAtravallade bEre rItiya vAkyagaLallU baraballuvu. udAharaNegAgi, O pratyayakke bEre sandabhragaLalli ‘athavA’ emba arthavide. vAkya kELvigaLalli I ‘athavA’ emba arthada badalu idakke kELuvavanalliruva sandEhavannu sUcisuva arthavideyendu hELabahudu. A pratyayakkU ‘athavA’ emba arthavide. (19ka) rAmuvO hOgabahudu. (19kha) nIvu tanda tinDiyannella makkaLu svataH tindO nAyige hariyO bandare manege namage koTTO mugisirabEku. idakke badalu E pratyayakke bEre sandabhragaLalli kELugana gamana vannu seLeyuva illavE ondu ghaTakavannu ottihELuva kelasavide. vAkya kELvigaLallU idu intaha kelasavannu naDesuvudakkAgiyE baLakeyAgu ttadeyendu hELalu sAdhyavide.
(20ka) maganE! nInu intaha kelasavannu yAke mADide? (20kha) I pustakavannu avarE baredirabEku. idallade, kELviyondannu oLavAkyavAgi paDediruva kelavu vAkyagaLu nijakkU kELvigaLE athavA tiLisuva vAkyagaLE embudannu avugaLa koneyalli baruva Srutiya svarUpadinda mAtravE tiLiyalu sAdhya. (21ka) rAju UTige yAvAga hOguvudendu hELiddAne. (21kha) rAju UTige yAvAga hOguvudendu hELiddAne? (22ka) eShTu bEkAdItendu avaru tiLisiddAre. (22kha) eShTu bEkAdItendu avaru tiLisiddAre? (21ka-22ka) vAkyagaLu tiLisuva vAkyagaLu mattu (21kha-22kha)
vAkyagaLu kELvigaLu. Adare, I (ka) mattu (kha) vAkyagaLa naDuve avugaLa koneyalli baruva Srutiyalli (illavE cihneyalli) mAtra vyatyAsa kANisuttade. hAgAgi ivugaLalli (kha) vAkyagaLu kELvigaLu embudannu sUcisuvudu avugaLa koneyalli keLage iLiyade uLiyuva Sruti mAtra endu hELabEkAguttade.

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10.3.2 vAkyakELvigaLige uttara

sAmAnyavAgi vAkyakELviyondannu baLasiruva ADuganige adu sUcisuva ghaTane illavE sangati nijavO athavA suLLO embudannu tiLidukoLLa bEkendiruttade. hAgAgi antaha kELvigaLige havdu athavA illa emba uttara koTTare sAkAguttade.
kelavu sandabhragaLalli gottilla emba uttaravannU koDalu sAdhya videyAdarU sAmAnyavAgi ondu kELviyannu baLasuvavanu antaha uttaravannu nirIkShisuvudilla. yAkendare, tAnu baLasuva kELvige kELuga ninda uttara sigabahudemba abhiprAyaviruvAga mAtra tAnE Ata ondu kELviyannu baLasuttAne? intaha kELvigaLu sUcisuva ghaTane illavE sangatiyannu allagaLe yuvudakkAgi kannaDadalli alla mattu illa emba eraDu padagaLa baLake yAguttade. ivugaLalli alla embudu eraDu ghaTakagaLa naDuviruva sambandhavannu allagaLeyuvudakkAgi baLakeyAguttade mattu illa embudu ghaTane, sangati modalAdavugaLa iruvikeyannu allagaLeyuvu dakkAgi baLakeyAguttade (9.1 mattu 9.3.1 nODi). (23ka) mangaLUrige hOgiruvudu jAnakiyO? alla. (23kha) jAnaki mangaLUrige hOgiddALO? illa. (24ka) A sAhukAraru haNavantarA? alla. (24kha) A sAhukAraru haNavantarAgiddArA? illa. (25ka) bassinalli bandavaru nIvA? alla. (25kha) nIvu bassinalli bandirA? illa.
(23ka)dalli ‘jAnaki’gU mattu ‘mangaLUrige hOgiruvuda’kkU naDuve sambandhaviruvudu nijavO endu kELalAgide (9.2 nODi), mattu I rIti sambandhaviruvudu nijavalla embudAgi A sambandhavannu allagaLe yalu alla padada baLakeyAgide. Adare (23kha)dalli jAnaki mangaLUrige hOgiddALe emba ghaTane naDedideyE embudAgi ondu ghaTaneya iruvikeya kuritu kELvi bandide, mattu adannu allagaLe yuvudakkAgi illa padada baLakeyAgide.

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10.3.3 vAkyakELvigaLalli vayvidhya

ellA rItiya tiLisuva vAkyagaLannU vAkyakELvigaLAgi badalAyisalu sAdhyavide. hAgAgi tiLisuva vAkyagaLalli kANisuva vayvidhya vAkyakELvi gaLallU kANisikoLLuttade. udAharaNegAgi, tiLisuva vAkyagaLalli ondu ghaTane naDedudannu illavE naDeyaliruvudannu tiLisuva vAkyagaLu mattu ondu sangatiya iruvikeyannu tiLisuva vAkyagaLu embudAgi eraDu rItiyavugaLiveyembudannu nAvu 1.2ralli nODiruvevu.
idakke anuguNavAgi vAkyakELvigaLallU ondu ghaTane naDedideyE athavA illavE embudannu kELuva vAkyagaLu (26kha) mattu ondu sangatiya iruvike nijavE athavA allavE embudannu kELuva vAkyagaLu (27kha) embudAgi eraDu vibhAgagaLannu kANabahudu. (26ka) avaru bombAyige hOgiddAre. (26kha) avaru bombAyige hOgiddArO? (27ka) idu rAjuvina mane. (27kha) idu rAjuvina maneyO? tiLisuva vAkyagaLu ondu ghaTane naDedide illavE naDeyalide embudannu tiLisuva badalu ondu ghaTane naDeyalilla illavE naDe yuvudilla embudAgi ghaTaneyannu allagaLeyuva kelasavannU mADa balluvu. idE rItiyalli vAkyakELvigaLU I rIti allagaLediruvudu nijavE athavA allavE embudannU kELaballuvu. (28ka) SAmarAyaru AphIsinallilla. (28kha) SAmarAyaru AphIsinallillavE? (29ka) rAju UTamADalilla. (29kha) rAju UTamADalillavO? (30ka) avaru maduvege hOguvudilla. (30kha) avaru maduvege hOguvudillavO? Adare, I rIti ondu ghaTane naDediruvudu illavE ondu sangati iruvudu nijavE embudAgi kELuva vAkyagaLigU mattu antaha ghaTaneyannu illavE sangatiyannu allagaLediruvudu nijavE embudAgi kELuva vAkyagaLigU naDuve ondu mukhya vyatyAsavide.
allagaLediruvudu nijavE embudAgi kELuva vyaktige sAmAnyavAgi adu nijaviralAradu emba abhiprAyaviruvante tOruttade. ghaTane naDediruvudu illavE sangati iruvudu nijavE embudAgi kELuvava nalli intaha yAva abhiprAyavU iruva hAge kANisuvudilla.
(31ka) SrIpati maysUrige hOguttAnO? (31kha) SrIpati maysUrige hOguvudillavO? (31ka) vAkyavannu baLasiruva vyaktiyalli SrIpati maysUrige hOguva viShayadalli yAva abhiprAyavU iruva hAge kANisuvudilla. Adare (31kha) vAkyavannu baLasiruva vyaktiyalli Ata maysUrige hOga liddAne emba abhiprAyaviruva hAge kANisuttade. SrIpati maysUrige hOgabEkemba viShaya niScitavAgittAdarU Ata horaDuva tayAri mADuva hAge kANisuvudillavAda kAraNa kELuganalli samSaya huTTira bEku. adakkE Ata (31kha) vAkyavannu baLasiddAne. tiLisuva vAkyagaLu ondu ghaTane naDediruvudannu illavE naDeya liruvudannu hAgeyE tiLisuva badalu adara bEre bEre amSagaLalli ondannu mAtra otti hELuttiralu sAdhyavide. idakkAgi A amSada mEle ottu koTTu hELabahudu illavE adarondige E pratyayavannu baLasi hELabahudu. (32ka) rAju mangaLUrininda ninne bandidda. (32kha) rAju mangaLUrininda ninneyE bandidda. vAkyakELvigaLalliyU I rIti ondu amSakke ottu koTTu, illavE adarondige E pratyayavannu baLasi, A ondu amSada kuritAgi mAtra mAhiti bEkAgideyendu sUcisalu sAdhyavide. (33ka) rAju mangaLUrininda ninne bandiddanO? (33kha) rAju mangaLUrininda ninneyE bandiddanO? tiLisuva vAkyagaLalli baruva bEre bEre amSagaLalli ondannu mAtra pratyEkisi adu vAkyada uLida amSadondige sambandhiside embudannu tiLisuvudakkAgi kannaDadalli bEreyE ondu rItiya vAkyada baLake yAguttade. idakkAgi vAkyada koneyalli baruva kriyApadavannu adara nAmapadarUpakke badalAyisikoLLabEku mattu sambandhisabEkAgiruva amSavannu uLida amSadinda pratyEkisi vAkyada koneyalli irisabEku (9.2 nODi). rAju illinda hattu ganTege horaTa. (34ka) rAju illinda hattu ganTege horaTaddu. (34kha) rAju illinda horaTaddu hattu ganTege. (34ga) rAju hattu ganTege horaTaddu illinda. (34gha) illinda hattu ganTege horaTaddu rAju. (34)nE vAkya ondu ghaTaneyannu nEravAgi tiLisuvudAdare, uLida (34ka-gha) vAkyagaLu A ghaTaneya bEre bEre amSagaLu vAkyada uLida amSadondige sambandhisive embudannu tiLisuttave. intaha tiLisuva vAkyagaLannU vAkyakELvigaLannAgi badalisalu sAdhyavide. idakkAgi vAkya kELvigaLa koneyalli baruva O, E, A illavE Enu embavugaLannu sambandhisabEkAgiruva amSadondige sErisi hELabEku. (35) rAju illinda hattu ganTege horaTanO? (35ka) rAju illinda hattu ganTege horaTaddO? (35kha) rAju illinda horaTaddu hattu ganTegO? (35ga) rAju hattu ganTege horaTaddu illindalO? intaha vAkyakELvigaLalli sambandhisabEkAda amSavannu O, E modalAda pratyaya illavE padagaLa mUlaka gurutisuva kAraNa adannu vAkyada konege vagrAyisadiralU sAdhyavide. udA: (35gha) rAju illinda hattu ganTegO horaTaddu? (35Ga) rAju illindalO hattu ganTege horaTaddu? (35gha)dalli hattuganTege emba amSakke vAkyada uLida amSadondi giruva sambandhavannu praSnisabEkAgide. I amSa intahadE embudannu adarondige bandiruva O pratyaya sUcisuttideyAda kAraNa adannu vAkyada konege vagrAyisabEkAgilla.

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10.3.4 dxDhIkarisuva kELvigaLu

tiLisuva vAkyavondannu ondu vAkyakELviyAgi badalAyisuva badalu A vAkyavannu hAgeyE uLisi, adu tiLisuva sangati nija embudannu kELugana mUlaka dxDhIkarisuvudakkAgi illavE athavA tAnE emba padavannu adakke sErisiyU vAkyakELvigaLannu tayArisalu sAdhyavide. ondu vAkya tiLisuva sangati nijavirabahudu embudAgi ADugana abhiprAyaviruva sandabhragaLalli intaha vAkyakELvigaLa baLakeyAguttade. (36ka) sItege daNivAgideyO? (36kha) sItege daNivAgide, allavE? (37ka) lekka baredAgideyO? (37kha) lekka baredAgide, tAne? (36ka)dalli ondu saraLavAda vAkyakELvi bandide. idakke badalu (36kha) dalli ondu dxDhIkarisuva kELvi bandide. (36ka)dalli sItege daNivA gideyO athavA illavO emba viShayadalli A kELviyannu baLasi davanige yAva abhiprAyavU illa. Adare (36kha)vannu baLasidavanige ‘sItege daNivAgide’ emba abhiprAyaviddu, adannu dxDhIkarisuvudakkAgi Ata A vAkyavannu baLasiddAne. (37ka-kha)dallU hIgeyE. allavE mattu tAnE embavugaLa baLakeya naDuveyU arthadalli vyatyAsavide embudannu gamanisabahudu. tAnE embudannu baLasu vavarige allavE embudannu baLasuvavariginta kELuva viShayadalli heccu dxDhavAda abhiprAyaviruva hAge kANisuttade. vAkyakELvigaLa koneyalli baruva O, E modalAdavugaLa hAge dxDhIkarisuva allavE (38ka-gha nODi) mattu tAnE (39ka-gha nODi) embavugaLannU vAkyada bEre bEre amSagaLige sErisi hELalu sAdhyavide. vAkyada ondu amSakkU mattu uLida amSakkU naDuviruva sambandhavannu dxDhIkarisuvudE intaha kELvigaLa uddESavendu hELa bahudu. (38ka) nAlku ganTegallavE I gADi biDuvudu? (38kha) I pustakavannallavE nIvu tarahELiddu? (38ga) nIvu ninne inglIShinallallavE bhAShaNa koTTaddu? (38gha) nIvallavE ninne inglIShinalli bhAShaNa koTTaddu? (39ka) ibbaru tAnE bandaddu? (39kha) nIvu tAnE allige nALe hOgONavendaddu? (39ga) nIvu allige tAnE nALe hOgONavendaddu? (39gha) nIvu allige nALe tAnE hOgONavendaddu?

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10.3.5 badali kELvigaLu

eraDu athavA jAsti vAkyagaLalli yAvudu sari embudAgi kELuva vAkyagaLu ‘badali kELvi’gaLu. intaha kELvigaLa mUlakavU ondu iDI vAkyavu tiLisuva sangati nijavE athavA allavE endu tiLiya bEkAgideyAda kAraNa ivannU vAkyakELvigaLendE parigaNisabahudu. (40ka) raghu hOdaddu puNegO, bombAyigO? (40kha) avanu pATha OduvudO, katepustaka OduvudO? (40ga) Iga nIvu snAna mADuttIrO athavA nAnu mADa bEkO? (40gha) Ake inTarvyUge hOdaddu bengaLUrigO, cennaygO athavA DilligO? intaha badali kELvigaLigU mattu saraLavAda vAkyakELvigaLigU naDuve ondu mukhyavAda vyatyAsavide. saraLavAda vAkyakELvigaLige havdu endAgali, illavE illa athavA alla endAgali uttara koTTare sAku, Adare intaha badali kELvigaLige uttaravAgi avu sUcisuva eraDu athavA jAsti sangatigaLalli yAvudAdarU ondannu Arisi hELa bEkAguttade.
yAkendare, tAnu sUcisuva ‘badali’ sangatigaLalli yAvudAdarU ondu sariyirabahudu embudAgi intaha badali kELviyannu baLasuva vyaktiya abhiprAyaviruttade. hAgAgi intaha kELvigaLige havdu athavA illa/alla endiShTE uttara koTTare kELviyannu baLasidavanige samA dhAnavAgalAradu. 10.4. vAkyAnga kELvigaLu vAkyAnga kELviyondannu baLasuva vyaktige avanu sUcisuva ghaTaneya ondu amSada kuritAgi mAtra mAhiti bEkAgiruttade. uLida amSa gaLella Atanige tiLidiruttade. hAgAgi intaha kELvigaLannu baLasuva vyaktige yAva amSavannu tiLiyabEkAgideyO adannu sUcisuvudakkAgi I kELvigaLalli ondu ‘aniScita’ padavannu baLasuva avaSyakateyide. (41ka) rAju ivattu ellige hOgiddAne? (41kha) nimma manege ivattu yAru bandiddAre? (41ga) nAvilli eShTu ganTeya varege kAyuttirabEku? (41gha) nIvu ninne maduvege yAke baralilla? (41Ga) nIvu I manege yAvAga bandiri? (41ca) avarige yAva pustaka bEkAgide? (41ka)vannu baLasida vyaktige rAju ivattu elligO hOgiddAne endu gottide, Adare ellige endu tiLidilla; idE rItiyalli (41kha) vannu baLasida vyaktige nimma manege ivattu yArO bandiddAre endu tiLidide, Adare bandavaru yAru endu tiLidilla. I rIti tiLiyadiruva ondu amSavannu mAtra tiLidukoLLuvudakkAgi intaha vAkyAnga kELvigaLalli ellige, yAru, eShTu, yAke, yAvAga modalAda aniScita padagaLa baLakeyAguttade. vAkyAnga kELvigaLige uttara koDuvavaru avugaLalli bandiruva aniScita padagaLige samanAgiruva niScita padagaLannu (endare, jAga, vyakti,
motta, kAraNa, samaya modalAduvannu tiLisuva padagaLannu) baLasa bEkAguttade. udAharaNegAgi ondu vAkyAnga kELviyalli yAru emba pada bandideyAdare adakke koDuva uttaradalli intahavaru embudannU, eShTu emba pada bandideyAdare intiShTu embudannU tiLisabEkAguttade. (42ka) maduvege yAru hOguttAre? (42kha) rAju hOguttAne. (43ka) I manege eShTu khacrAyitu? (43kha) enTu lakSha khacrAyitu.

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10.4.1 aniScita padagaLu

vAkyAnga kELvigaLa mUlaka ondu sangatiya bEre bEre amSagaLa kuritu mAhiti sangrahisuvudakkAgi antaha vAkyagaLalli yAru, Enu, yAke, elli, yAvAga, hEge, eShTu, entaha modalAda aniScita padagaLa baLakeyAguttade embudannu mEle nODiruvevu. kannaDa vyAkaraNagaLalli I padagaLannu sAmAnyavAgi ‘praSnArthaka’ padagaLendu kareyuvudu rUDhi.
Adare mEle (10.3.1ralli) sUcisida hAge nijakkU praSneya illavE kELviya arthaviruvudu vAkyada koneyalli baruva Srutiya svarUpakkallade I aniScita padagaLigalla. vAkyada Sruti koneyalli keLage iLiyuvudAdare adondu tiLisuva vAkya, mattu hAge keLage iLiyade uLiyuvudAdare adondu kELvi. bEre halavu baLakegaLalli ivE padagaLige aniScitArtha mAtra ide yallade kELviya arthavilla. udAharaNegAgi, ‘athavA’ emba artha viruva O pratyayadondige, illavE ‘mattu’ emba arthaviruva U pratyayadondige I padagaLannu baLasidAga avakke aniScitArtha mAtra ideyallade kELviya arthavilla.
(44ka) Atana manege yArO bandiddAre. (44kha) Ake ivattu beLiggEnE elligO hOgiddALe. (44ga) sOmaSEkharana mane illE ellO ide. (44gha) kOpa bandare Ata EnU mADabahudu. (44ka-gha) vAkyagaLalli yAru, ellige, elli mattu Enu emba padagaLige kELviya arthavilla embudannu gamanisabahudu. aniScita vAgiruva obba vyakti, ondu jAga, illavE ondu kelasavannu mAtra avu sUcisuttave. bEreyU halavu rItiya vAkyagaLalli I padagaLannu baLasalu sAdhyaviddu antaha baLakegaLallU avakke kELviya arthavilla.
(45ka) santeyalli ivattu eShTu jana sEriddAre! (45kha) haNavannu elli aDagisiTTiddArendu avanu tanna Dayriyalli barediddAne. (45ga) I kateyannu yAru barediddArO avarige tale sariyilla. oTTu sEriruva janara mottada kuritAgi tanna AScaryavannu sUcisalu (45ka)vannu baLalAgide. idaralli bandiruva eShTu emba padakke A mottada kuritu aniScitateyannu sUcisuva arthavideyallade kELviya arthavilla. (45kha)dalli bandiruva elli emba pada sUcisuva jAga ADuganige tiLidilladirabahudu, Adare adannu tiLiyuva icche Atanige iruva hAge kANisuvudilla.
(45ga)dalli yAru emba aniScita padavannu eraDu vAkyagaLannu oTTige sErisi hELuva ondu sAdhanavAgi baLasalAgide. illU I padakke kELviya arthavilla. yAru, Enu, yAke modalAda padagaLige kannaDadalli I rIti halavu baLakegaLiddu, avugaLa naDuve heccinavugaLallU kANisikoLLuva arthavendare aniScitArtha mAtra. hAgAgi avannu aniScitArthada padagaLendu karedu, avu baruva kelavu vAkyagaLalli mAtra kANisuva kELviya arthakke antaha vAkyagaLa koneyalli baruva Srutiya svarUpavE kAraNa endu hELuvudE sariyendu tOruttade (I viShayada kuritu heccina vivaragaLannu (bhaT 2003 mattu bhaT 2004) ralli nODabahudu).

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10.4.2 kELuva angagaLu

vAkyAnga kELvigaLa mUlaka ondu vAkyavu tiLisuva ghaTane illavE sangatiya bEre bEre amSagaLa kuritAgi heccina mAhitiyannu kELi tiLiyalu sAdhyavide. udAharaNegAgi keLage (46)nE vAkyavu tiLisuva ghaTaneyalli Aru mukhya amSagaLiddu, I amSagaLa kuritAgi heccina mAhitiyannu paDeyalu Aru rItiya vAkyAnga kELvigaLannu baLasalu sAdhyavide. raghu ninne nimmannu nODuvudakkAgi bengaLUrininda TyAksiyalli bandidda. (46ka) yAru bandiddaru? (46kha) raghu Enu mADidda? (46ga) yAvAga bandidda? (46gha) ellinda bandidda? (46Ga) hEge bandidda?
(46ca) yAke bandidda?
-bandidda. -ninne. -bengaLUrininda. -TyAksiyalli. -nimmannu nODuvudakkAgi. I rIti kriyeya mukhya amSagaLannu mAtravallade itara mukhya vallada amSagaLannU intaha vAkyAnga kELvigaLa mUlaka kELi tiLidu koLLalu sAdhyavide. (46cha) raghu yArannu nODuvudakkAgi bandidda? -nimmannu. (46ja) raghu yAva rAtri bandidda? -ninne rAtri. ondE kELviyalli ondakkinta jAsti aniScita padagaLannu baLasuvudara mUlaka ommegEnE ondakkinta jAsti amSagaLa kuritAgi tiLiya bEkAgide embudannu sUcisalu sAdhyavide. (47ka) nIvu yAra manege yAvAga hOdiri? (47kha) I pustakavannu yAru yAvAga ellinda tandaru? (47ga) yAru yArannu yAvAga elli hatye mADidaru? (47gha) I mElina mAtannu yAru yAvAga elli mattu yAkAgi hELidaru? Adare mAtinalli intaha ondakkinta jAsti aniScita padagaLiruva vAkyAnga kELvigaLa baLake bahaLa aparUpavendE hELabahudu. sAmAnya vAgi parIkShegaLalli koDuva praSnapatrikegaLalli mAtravE intaha baLake kanDubaruttade. mAtinalli illavE barahadalli intaha kELvigaLannu bEre bErAgi oDedu, ondu kELviyalli ondu aniScita pada mAtra uLi diruva hAge baLasuvudE jAsti. (48ka) nIvu ellinda bandiri? yAvAga bandiri? yAke bandiri? yAru nimmannu barahELidaru? (48kha) apaghAtavannu yAru nODiddu? yAvAga nODiddu? ellinda nODiddu? hEge nODiddu? aniScita padagaLu ondannondu avalambisikonDiruvantaha kELvi gaLalli mAtra avannu I rIti oDedu hELalu sAdyavAgadu.
(49ka) yAva kapATinalli yAva vastugaLannirisabEku? (49kha) yAva bekkige yAva pAtreyalli hAlu koDabEku? intaha kELvigaLalli pratiyondu aniScita padavU ondakkinta jAsti vyakti illavE vastugaLannu sUcisuttiddu, avugaLoLage anukramavide yAdalli I aniScita padagaLannu eraDeraDu bAri baLasuva krama kannaDa dallide. intahavannU oDedu hELalu sAdhyavAgadu. (50ka) yAru yArige yAva yAva pustaka bEku? (50kha) yAva yAva Dabbadalli yAva yAva vastugaLive? idallade, intaha kELvigaLige uttara koDuvAgalU avannu jODi jODiyAgi oTTige sErisiyE koDabEkemba ASaya antaha kELvi yannu baLasidavanadAgiruttade. (51ka) nanage gaNitada pustaka, ranganige ingliSh pustaka mattu jAnakige samskxta pustaka. (51kha) idaralli jIrige, idaralli meNasinapuDi, idaralli uppu, mattu idaralli sAsive. (51ka-kha) vAkyagaLu anukramavAgi (50ka-kha)dalli koTTiruva kELvi gaLige uttaragaLAgaballuvembudannu gamanisabahudu.

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10.4.3 padavagradalli vyatyAsa

vAkyAnga kELvigaLa mUlaka tiLidukoLLabEkAgiruva vAkyAmSa ondu nAmapadada mUlaka sUcisuvantahadirabahudu illavE ondu guNa padada mUlaka sUcisuvantahadirabahudu. udAharaNegAgi, yAru illavE yAvudu embudannu ondu vAkyAnga kELviyalli baLasidAga adakke uttaravAgi ondu nAmapadavannu koDabEkAguttade. idakke badalu, yAva illavE entaha embudannu baLasidalli adakke uttaravAgi ondu guNapadavannu koDabEkAguttade, illavE ondu guNapadada sthAnadalli baraballa nAmapada illavE kriyApadada sambandhisuva rUpavannu koDabEkAguttade. eShTu embudannu baLasi dalli adakke uttaravAgi ondu eNikeya illavE aLateya padavannu koDabEkAguttade. (52ka) yAva cenDu sikkitu? (52kha) kempu cenDu sikkitu. (53ka) avaLu entaha sIreyannu uTTukonDiddALe? (53kha) avaLu nIlibaNNada sIreyannu uTTukonDiddALe. (54ka) eShTu rUpAyi koTTaru? (54kha) nUra ayvattu rUpAyi koTTaru. (52ka) kELviyalli bandiruva yAva emba padakke uttaravAgi (52kha)dalli kempu emba guNapada bandide, (53ka)dalli banda entaha embudakke badalAgi (53kha)dalli nIlibaNNada emba guNapadada sthAna dalli baraballa nAmapadada sambandhisuva rUpa bandide, mattu (54ka) dalli banda eShTu embudakke badalAgi (54kha)dalli ayvattu emba eNikeya pada bandide. vAkyAnga kELvigaLalli baruva aniScita padagaLu ghaTaneyondaralli bEre bEre kelasagaLalli toDagiruva vyakti, vastu modalAduvannu sUcisalu sAdhyaviddu, I kelasagaLannavalambisi avu bEre bEre vibhakti rUpagaLalli baraballuvu. udAharaNegAgi, aniScitavAgiruva vyaktiyobba nannu sUcisuva yAru emba pada ellA vibhakti rUpagaLallU bara balludu.
(55ka) ivattu nIvu pUjege yArannu karediddIri? (55kha) rAju lekkada pustakavannu yArige koTTa? (55ga) I pustakavannu yArinda tandiri? (55gha) I pustaka yArallide? idE rItiyalli eShTu emba pada vyakti, vastu modalAdavugaLa eNike illavE pramANada aniScitateyannu sUcisuttideyAda kAraNa, adarondige ellA vibhaktipratyayagaLU baraballuvu. adakke badalAgi uttaradalli baraballa eNike illavE pramANavannu sUcisuva padagaLU I rIti ellA vibhaktipratyayagaLondigU baraballuvu. (56ka) eShTannu IgalE koDabEkAguttade? (56kha) I sankhyeyannu eShTarinda kaLeyabEkAguttade? (56ga) idannu eShTakke konDukonDiri? (56gha) nimma SEru eShTaralli nintide? eShTu emba padakke (nE athavA neya) pratyayavannu sErisi, eNikeyalli yAvudAdarondu vyakti illavE vastuvina jAga yAvudu embudannu kELalu sAdhyavide. Adare I pada nEravAgi vibhakti pratyaya gaLondige baralAradu. (56Ga) rAju eShTanE klAsinalli kaliyuttiddAne? idE rItiyalli guNapadagaLa jAgadalli baruva yAva mattu entaha emba padagaLu yAva vibhaktipratyayadondigU baralAravu. entaha embudakke du pratyayavannu sErisidAga mAtra adu nAma padagaLa sthAnadalli baraballudAgiddu, adakke bEre bEre vibhaktipratyaya gaLannu sErisalu sAdhyavAguttade.
ondu ghaTane illavE sangatiya jAgavannu tiLiyuvudakkAgi baLasa bEkAgiruva elli emba pada inda mattu ge emba eraDu vibhakti pratyayagaLondige mAtra baraballudu. alli pratyayada artha adakkEnE ide mattu annu pratyayada avaSyakate adakkilla. (57ka) iShTellA iruvegaLu ellinda banduvu? (57kha) meravaNige ellige hOguttide? (57ga) I mUru kAlina ettu nimage elli sikkitu? ondu ghaTane illavE sangatiya samayavannu tiLiyuvudakkAgi baLasabEkAgiruva yAvAga emba pada inda pratyayadondige mAtra baraballudu. ge pratyayada arthavannu I padada mUlaka nEravAgi sUcisalu sAdhyavAgadu. (58ka) avaru yAvAgininda I Uralli kelasa mADuttiddAre? (58kha) nIvu I manege yAvAga bandiri? (58ga) eShTu divasagaLa varege nIvilli iruttIri? Enu emba pada ondu nAmapadakke badalAgi baraballudAdarU adannu annu pratyayadondige mAtra baLasalu sAdhyavideyallade, inda, ge illavE alli pratyayagaLondige baLasalu sAdhyavAgadu. I pada sUcisuva aniScitate bahaLa sthUlavAgiruvudE idakke kAraNavira bEku.
udAharaNegAgi I padavannu ondu kelasavannu naDesiruva illavE naDesaliruva prANiya gurutu kELuvalli baLasalu sAdhyavAgadu. intaha sandabhragaLalli yAvudu emba padavannE baLasabEkAguttade. (59ka) I cIlavannu kaccihAkiddu yAvudu? (59kha) bekkannu hedarisiddu yAvudu? idE rItiyalli ondu kadaluvikeya suru, kone illavE jAga vannu tiLiyabEkAgiruvAgalU yAvudu embudannu baLasalu sAdhya videyallade Enu embudannu baLasalu sAdhyavAgadu. (60ka) hAgalabaLLi yAvudakke habbide? (60kha) Ata yAvudarinda eNNe hinDida? (60ga) Ake kottambariyannu yAvudaralli hAkiddALe? intaha sandabhragaLalli jAgavannu heccu sthUlavAgi sUcisabEkAdalli elli emba padavannu baLasalu sAdhyavAgabahudu, Adare Enu emba padavannu baLasalu sAdhyavAgadu.
vAkyAnga kELvigaLalli kriyApadavondannu biTTu vAkyadalli baruva itara yAva padakke badalAgiyU aniScita padavondannu baLasalu sAdhyavide. kriyApada vAkyada kEndravAgiruva kAraNa adannu aniScita goLisalu kannaDadalli sAdhanavilla.
idakke badalu mADu mattu Agu emba kriyApadagaLondige Enu emba aniScita padavannu baLasi entaha ghaTane naDeyitu embu dannu tiLiyabayasuva kELviyannu racisalu sAdhyavide. (61ka) avanu bekkina mariyannu Enu mADida? (61kha) bekkina marige EnAyitu? (62ka) avanu bombAyiyalli Enu mADuttiddAne? (62kha) avanige bombAyiyalli EnAyitu?

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10.4.4 vacanada aniScitate

yAru emba bahuvacana rUpa nijakkU sankhye mattu lingagaLa maTTige aniScitateyannu sUcisuvudakkAgi bandideyallade ‘ondakkinta jAsti’ emba arthadalli bandilla. udAharaNegAgi, yArO obba emba padakanteya baLakeyalli yAru embudu obba vyaktiyannu mAtravE sUcisuttade. illi yAru emba bahuvacana rUpa gavravArthavannU koDuvudilla embudannu (63)ralli nODabahudu. (63) yArO obba I maDakeyannu oDedu hAkiddAne. kannaDadalli vyaktiyannu sUcisuva aniScita padagaLu Ekavacanadalli bandiveyAdare avu sankhye mattu linga iveraDu viShayagaLallU niScitavAgiruttaveyembudannu yAvanu mattu yAvaLu embavugaLa prayOgadalli kANabahudu. hAgAgi, I eraDu viShayagaLallU aniScitateyannu sUcisabEkAdAga yAru emba bahuvacana rUpavannE baLasabEkAguttade.
idallade yAvanu mattu yAvaLu emberaDu padagaLige svalpa maTTige agavravavannu sUcisuva arthavU ideyAda kAraNa, kannaDa barahadalli avugaLa baLake aparUpa.
Enu mattu yAvudu embavugaLa naDuve intaha vyatyAsavilla. averaDU samAnavAgi baLakeyalliddu, avugaLalli eraDaneyadakke ondu gumpinalliruva vastugaLalli ondannu Arisi hELabEkemba viSiShTavAda arthavide. idE rItiyalli yAvuvu embudakkU ondu gumpina lliruva vastugaLalli kelavannu Arisi hELabEkemba arthavide. (63ka) nimage yAvudu bEku? (63kha) nimage Enu bEku? (63ga) I pustakagaLalli nimmavu yAvuvu? Adare ondu gumpinalliruva vyaktigaLalli obbanannu (athavA halavarannu) Arisi hELabEkendiruvallU yAru embudannE baLasalu sAdhyavide. yAvanu mattu yAvaLu embuvakke agavravArthaviruva kAraNa intaha sandabhragaLalli avannE baLasabEkemba niyamavilla. (64ka) I huDugaralli lETAgi bandavaru yAru? (64kha) I nAlku janaralli kolegAranu yAru? (64ga) A haLE cappaliyannu yAru kaddirabahudu?

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10.4.5 oLavAkyagaLAgi baLake

vAkyAnga kELvigaLannu oLavAkyagaLannAgi baLasidAga avu kELvigaLAgi uLiyuva badalu aniScita vAkyagaLAgalu sAdhyavide. horavAkyada koneyalli baruva SrutivinyAsa entahadu embudara mEle I vyatyAsa avalambiside. (65ka) ellige hOguvudendu avanu niScayisiddAne? (65kha) ellige hOguvudendu avanu niScayisiddAne. (66ka) eShTu haNa bEkAgabahudendu avaru barediddAre? (66kha) eShTu haNa bEkAgabahudendu avaru barediddAre. Adare ‘intaha vAkyagaLannu baLasuttiruva vyaktige avugaLa oLavAkya sUcisuva sangati tiLidide’ emba arthavannu avugaLa horavAkya sUcisuttideyAdalli mAtra oLavAkya ondu aniScita vAkyavAgaballudu. hAgAgi itara sandabhragaLalli intaha vAkyagaLannu ‘tiLisuvavAkya’da Sruti vinyAsadondige baLasalu sAdhyavAgadu. (67ka) avaru ellirabahudendu nimaganisuttade? (67kha) eShTu jana bandirabahudendu Akeya abhiprAya? (67ga) idannu yAvAga koDuttEnendu nIvu hELiddu? (67ka-ga)gaLalli bandiruva oLavAkyagaLu avugaLa ADuganige tiLidiru vantaha sangatiyannu sUcisuvudillavAda kAraNa avannu kELvigaLannAgi mAtra baLasalu sAdhyavideyallade, tiLisuva vAkyagaLannAgi baLasalu sAdhya vAgadu.

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10.4.6 vAkyAnga kELvigaLalli vayvidhya

tiLisuva vAkyagaLalli baruva ghaTakavondara kuritAgi heccina mAhiti yannu paDeyalu vAkyAnga kELvigaLannu baLasuvevAda kAraNa, tiLisuva vAkyagaLalli kANisuva vayvidhya vAkyAnga kELvigaLallU kANisaballudu.
udAharaNegAgi, tiLisuva vAkyagaLa mUlaka ondu ghaTane naDeya lilla illavE naDeyuvudilla embudannU tiLisaballevu. idakkAgi nAvu ‘allagaLe’yuva vAkyagaLannu baLasabEkAguttade. intaha vAkyagaLa mUlaka allagaLediruva ghaTaneya ondu ghaTakada kuritAgi mAtra mAhitiyannu paDeyabEkAgiddalli avannu vAkyAnga kELvigaLannAgi badalAyisikoLLalu sAdhyavide. (68ka) rAju maduvege yAke baralilla? (68kha) sIme eNNe nimage yAva angaDiyalli sigalilla? (68ga) I kONeyalli yArige UTa Agilla? (68gha) nimmalli TikETannu yAru konDukonDilla? (68ka) vAkyavannu baLasida vyaktige ‘rAju maduvege baralilla’ emba viShaya tiLidide, Adare idakke kAraNavEnendu mAtra tiLidilla. I ondu viShayavannu tiLiyuvudakkAgi (68ka)vannu baLasalAgide. itara vAkyagaLallU hIgeyE. tiLisuva vAkyagaLalli kriyAvAkya mattu viShayavAkya embudAgi eraDu vidhadavugaLiveyembudannu (1.2)ralli nODiruvevu. kriyA vAkyagaLu ondu ghaTane naDediruvudannu illavE naDeyaliruvudannu tiLisuttave mattu viShayavAkyagaLu ondu sangatiya iruvikeyannu tiLisuttave.
mEle koTTiruva vAkyAnga kELvigaLalli heccinavU kriyAvAkyagaLannu vAkyAnga kELvigaLannAgi badalAyisidantahavugaLu. intaha vAkyagaLu ghaTanegaLa ghaTakavondara kuritAgi heccina mAhitiyannu paDeyalu prayatnisuttave. idakke badalu sangatigaLa ghaTakavondara kuritAgi heccina mAhitiyannu paDeyabEkAdAga antaha sangatigaLannu tiLisuvantaha kELvigaLannAgi viShayavAkyagaLannu badalAyisikoLLabEkAguttade. vAkyAnga (69ka) kangArOgaLu AsTrEliyAdalli iruttave? (69kha) kangArOgaLu elli iruttave? (70ka) Akege eraDu mandi makkaLiddAre? (70kha) Akege eShTu mandi makkaLiddAre? (71ka) A emmeya kombu neTTagide. (71kha) A emmeya kombu hEgide? tiLisuva vAkyagaLu ondu sangatiyannu nEravAgi tiLisuva badalu adakkU adara ondu ghaTakakkU naDuviruva sambandhavannu tiLisuvantaha vAkyagaLAgiralu sAdhyavide. intaha vAkyagaLannU vAkyAnga kELvigaLAgi badalAyisabahudu. Adare hIge badalAyisuvAga avugaLa mUlaka sambandhitavAguva ghaTakada kuritAgi mAtravE heccina mAhitiyannu paDeyalu sAdhya.
(72ka) ivattu SAlege hOgadiddudu rAju. (72kha) ivattu SAlege hOgadiddudu yAru? (72ka) vAkyadalli rAju ghaTakavannu vAkyada uLida amSadondige sambandhisalAgide. hAgAgi, I vAkyavannu vAkyAnga kELviyAgi badalA yisuvudara mUlaka rAju ghaTakada kuritAgi mAtra heccina mAhitiyannu paDeyalu sAdhya. hOguva samaya illavE hOguva jAgada kuritAgi heccina mAhitiyannu paDeyabEkiddalli antaha ghaTaka gaLannu vAkyada uLida amSadondige sambandhisuva vAkyagaLannE kELvi gaLAgi badalAyisalu baLasabEkAguttade. (73ka) rAju SAlege hOgadiddudu ivattu. (73kha) rAju SAlege hOgadiddudu yAvAga? (74ka) rAju ivattu hOgadiddudu SAlege. (74kha) rAju ivattu hOgadiddudu ellige?

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10.5 kelasa mADisuva vAkyagaLu

mAtina mUlaka itararinda bEre bEre rItiya kelasagaLannu mADisi koLLalu sAdhyavide, mattu idakkAgiyE baLasabahudAdantaha kelavu viSiShTavAda ‘kelasa mADisuva’ vAkyagaLU kannaDadallive. barahadalli kANisuva intaha kelavu vAkyagaLannu keLagina upavibhAgagaLalli vivarisa

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10.5.1 pratyaya sErisada rUpa

obba kELuganinda mAtravE ondu kelasavannu mADisikoLLabEkAgiddAga, kriyApadavannu hAgeyE adakke yAva pratyayavannU sErisade baLasa bahudu.
(75ka) ondu glAsu nIru koDu. (75kha) mUru ganTege nInu manege hOgu. (75ga) modalu kAphi kuDi. (75gha) I cIlavannu kapATinoLage irisu. mEle koTTiruva (75ka-gha) vAkyagaLannu ADuganu tanna kELugana mUlaka bEre bEre rItiya kelasagaLannu mADisikoLLuvudakkAgi baLasalu sAdhyaviddu, I vAkyagaLalli koDu, hOgu, kuDi mattu irisu emba mukhya kriyApadagaLu avugaLa mUla rUpadalli, endare avakke yAva pratyayavU sEradiruva rUpadalli baLakeyAgive. baru mattu taru emba eraDu kriyApadagaLu mAtra I niyamakke apavAdagaLAgive. mEle vivarisidantaha vAkyagaLalli ivakke bA mattu tA emba viSiShTavAda rUpagaLive. (75Ga) nInu I kaDe bA. kriyApadagaLige koLLu padavannu sErisi avugaLa mUlaka ADuganu tanna hitakkAgi naDesuva ghaTaneyondannu sUcisalu sAdhya embudannu mEle 5.6.3ralli nODiruvevu. I pratyayakke kelasa mADisuva vAkya gaLalli ko emba rUpavide. (76ka) pustakavannu kayyallE iTTuko. (76kha) bILada hAge nanna hegalannu hiDiduko.

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10.5.2 i illavE iri pratyayada baLake

ibbaru (illavE ibbariginta jAsti) kELugara mUlaka ondu kelasavannu mADisabEkiddalli I kriyApadagaLige i illavE iri pratyayavannu sErisi koLLabEkAguttade. obba kELuga mattu obba (athavA halavu) itara mandiya mUlaka ondu kelasavannu mADisikoLLabEkAgiddAgalU idE pratyayada baLakeyAguttade. (77ka) mUru ganTege nIvu manege hOgi. (77kha) nIvu modalu kAphi kuDiyiri. (77ga) ellarU ondu kate bareyiri. i illavE iri pratyayavannu sErisidAga ukAradalli konegoLLuva kriyApadagaLa koneya ukAra bidduhoguttade mattu ikAra illavE ekAradalli konegoLLuva kriyApadagaLa koneyalli yakAra sErikoLLu ttade embudannu gamanisabahudu. baru mattu taru emba eraDu kriyApadagaLu I niyamakkU apa vAdagaLAgi kANisikoLLuttave. ivakke i illavE iri pratyayada anantara banna mattu tanna emba rUpagaLive. (78ka) nIvu I kaDe banni. (78kha) ellarU bAviyinda nIru tanni. iru kriyApadadondige i pratyaya barabahudallade iri pratyaya bara lAradu. (78ga) nIvibbarU illE iri. obbanE vyaktiya mUlaka ondu kelasavannu mADisikoLLabEkA giddAgalU A vyaktige gavravavannu sUcisuvudakkAgi kriyApadadondige i illavE iri pratyayavannu sErisi hELuva krama kannaDadallide embu dannu illi gamanisabahudu.

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10.5.3 ONa pratyayada baLake

ADuga mattu kELugaribbarU oTTAgi ondu kelasavannu mADabEkiddalli, adannu kELuganige sUcisabEkiddAga antaha vAkyada mukhya kriyApadakke ONa pratyayavannu sErisikoLLabEkAguttade. (79ka) nAvibbarU santege hOgONa. (79kha) illE kuLitukoLLONa. (79ga) I peTTigeyannu mEjina mEle irisONa.

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10.5.4 i pratyayada baLake

kELugana badalu bErobba vyaktiya mUlaka (illavE halavu vyaktigaLa mUlaka) ondu kelasavannu mADisikoLLabEkiddalli anantarada ghaTane yannu sUcisuvudakkAgi baLasuva kriyApadada jODisuva rUpakke i pratyayavannu sErisikoLLabEkAguttade. (80ka) rAju I pustakavannu harige koDali. (80kha) I peTTigeyannu avanu mEjina mEle irisali. (80ga) huDugaru manege hOgali. (80ka)dalli koDu kriyApadada koDalu emba anantarada ghaTaneyannu sUcisuva kriyArUpakke i pratyayavannu sErisalAgide. munde yAvudAdarondu ghaTane naDeyali endu bayasuvu dakkAgi athavA adE arthadalli kELuganannu harasuvudakkAgiyU mElina kriyArUpavannu baLasalu sAdhyavide. (80gha) nimage oLLeyadAgali! (80Ga) kelasavella nivrighnavAgi neravErali!

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10.5.5 kelavu viSiShTavAda padagaLa baLake

kELuganu ondu kelasavannu mADadante taDeyuvudakkAgi bEDa padada baLakeyAguttade. idannu anantara naDeyuva ghaTaneyannu sUcisuva kriyArUpadondige sErisalAguttade. I kriyArUpada koneya lu akShara bEDa pada sEridAga biddu hOguttade. (81ka) nInu avarallige hOgabEDa. (81kha) avara hattira yAvudannU kELabEDa. obbaniginta jAsti vyaktigaLannu taDeyuvudakkAgi illavE taDeya bEkAda vyaktige gavravavannu sUcisuvudakkAgi bEDa padakke i pratyaya vannu sErisabEkAguttade. (81ga) nIvu avarallige hOgabEDi. (81gha) avara hattira yAvudannU kELabEDi. kELugana badalu innobba vyakti ondu kelasavannu mADadante taDeyabEkAdAga bEDa padavannu kriyApadada nAmapadarUpadondige sErisi hELabEkAguttade. (81Ga) avanu avarallige hOguvudu bEDa. (81ca) avara hattira avanu yAvudannU kELuvudu bEDa. ondu kelasavannu mADalu kELuganige athavA innobba vyaktige oppigeyannu koDuvudakkAgi mElina kriyArUpakkEnE bahudu pada vannu sErisalAguttade. I sandabhradallU A kriyArUpadada koneya lu akShara bidduhOguttade. (82ka) nInu avarallige hOgabahudu. (82kha) avara hattira yAvudannU kELabahudu. bahudu padakke kelasavondannu naDesalu oppigeyannu sUcisuva arthakke badalu ondu ghaTane naDeyuva sAdhyateyannu sUcisuva arthavU baraballudu embudannu illi gamanisabahudu. I rIti ondu kelasavannu naDesalu oppigeyannu koDuva badalu adannu nirAkarisuvudakkAgi bAradu padada baLakeyAguttade. (83ka) nInu avarallige hOgabAradu. (83kha) avara hattira yAvudannU kELabAradu.

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10.6 beragannu sUcisuva vAkyagaLu

kannaDadalli beragannu sUcisuva vAkyagaLigU mattu kELuva vAkya (vAkyAnga kELvi)gaLigU naDuve kelavu sAmyagaLu kANisuttave. I eraDu rItiya vAkyagaLallU aniScita savrapadagaLu baruvudE idakke mukhya kAraNa. vAkyAnga kELvigaLalli ivu kELviya vyAptiyannu sUcisu vudakkAgi baruttave mattu beragannu sUcisuva vAkyagaLalli beragina vyAptiyannu sUcisuvudakkAgi baruttave.
(84ka) maduvege eShTu jana bandiddaru? (84kha) maduvege eShTu jana bandiddaru ! (85ka) A sAhukAraradu entaha mane? (85kha) A sAhukAraradu entaha mane ! mEle koTTiruva (ka) mattu (kha) vAkyagaLeraDU ondE rUpadalliddu, avugaLa koneyalli baruva cihne mAtra bEre bEreyAgideyembudannu gamanisabahudu. mAtinalli I eraDu rItiya vAkyagaLa naDuve avugaLa koneyalli baruva Srutiya maTTige vyatyAsa ide embudannu barahadalli kANisuva I cihnegaLu sUcisuttave. Adare I rIti vAkyada koneya Srutiyondannu biTTu bErellA viShayagaLallU kELuva mattu beragannu sUcisuva vAkyagaLu ondE rIti iruvudu kelavE kelavu vAkyagaLalli mAtra. uLida vAkyagaLalli iveraDaroLage halavu rItiya vyatyAsagaLannu kANabahudu.
udAharaNegAgi beragannu sUcisuva vAkyagaLalli eShTu, Enu, entaha (illavE enthA) mattu hEge emba nAlku aniScita savra padagaLu mAtra baraballuvu. Adare kELuva vAkyagaLalli I nAlku aniScita padagaLu mAtravallade, yAru, elli, yAke, yAvAga modalAda bEreyU kelavu aniScita padagaLu baraballuvu embudannu nAvu mEle (10.4.1)ralli nODiruvevu. (86ka) A huDugi eShTu cannAgi kuNiyuttiddALe ! (86ka) Atanige iShTu bEga vagravAdaddu EnanyAya ! (86ga) ninne rAtri entaha (enthA) maLe bandittu ! (86gha) avaru A maneyannu hEge kaTTiddAre ! beragannu sUcisuva vAkyagaLu yAvudAdarU ondu guNadharmada maTTige ADuganigiruva beragannu sUcisabEkAgideyAda kAraNa, guNa dharmavondara dajre illavE antastannu sUcisaballa aniScita savrapada gaLu mAtra avugaLalli baraballuvu.
eShTu, Enu, hEge mattu entaha embavugaLu I rIti guNa dharmavondara dajreya kuritAgi aniScitateyannu sUcisaballuvu. idakke badalu, yAru, elli, yAvAga modalAdavugaLu vyakti, vastu, jAga, samaya modalAdavugaLa gurutina kuritAgi aniScitate yannu sUcisuttive. hAgAgi, avannu beragannu sUcisuva vAkyagaLalli baLasalu sAdhyavAguvudilla.

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10.7 sArAmSa

vAkyagaLa mUlaka tiLisuva kelasakkinta bhinnavAgiruva bEre kelavu kelasa gaLannu naDesuva bage hEge embudannu I adhyAyadalli vivarisalAgide. kelavu rItiya vAkyagaLannu baLasidoDaneyE kelavu kelasagaLu naDedu hOguttave. intaha vAkyagaLalli kelavu viSiShTavAda horavAkyagaLu bandiruvudannu kANabahudu. ondu ghaTaneya kuritAgi illavE ondu sangatiya kuritAgi innobba vyaktiyinda mAhitiyannu sangrahisuvudakkAgi bEre rItiya vAkyagaLannu baLasabEkiddu ivannu kELvigaLendu kareyabahudu. ivu gaLalli ondu ghaTane naDedideyE athavA ondu sangati nijavE embu dannu tiLiyuvudakkAgi baLasuva vAkyagaLannu vAkyakELvigaLendU mattu antaha ondu ghaTane illavE sangatiya ondu angada kuritAgi heccina mAhitiyannu paDeyuvudakkAgi baLasuva vAkyagaLannu vAkyAnga kELvi gaLendU kareyabahudu.
itararinda kelasagaLannu mADisikoLLuvudakkAgi mattu beragannu sUcisuvudakkAgiyU kelavu viSiShTavAda vAkyagaLannu baLasalAguttade.
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adhyAya hannondu — kannaDada kelavu vaySiShTyagaLu

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11.1 pIThike

pratiyondu bhAShegU adaradE Ada vAkyaracaneya niyamagaLiruttave. ivugaLalli halavu A bhAShe tanna mUlabhASheyinda paDedu bandiruva niyamagaLu mattu uLida kelavu avugaLallE bEre bEre rItiya badalAvaNegaLannu mADuvudara mUlaka sAdhisikonDavugaLu. prati yondu jIvantavAgiruva bhASheyU I rIti tannalliruva niyama gaLalli badalAvaNegaLannu mADikoLLuttA iruva avaSyakateyide. antaha badalAvaNegaLa mUlakavEnE adakke hosa hosa sannivESagaLige hondi koLLalu sAdhyavAguttade. drAviDa bhAShAkuTumbakke sEriruva kannaDakkU mattu adakkinta bhinnavAda inDO-yurOpiyan, sinO-TibeTan, AphorI-ESi yATik modalAda bhAShAkuTumbagaLige sEriruva prapancada itara bhAShegaLigU naDuve vAkyaracaneya niyamagaLalli kANisuva vyatyAsa gaLigella avu tamma mUla bhASheyinda bEre bEre rItiya niyamA vaLigaLannu paDediruvudE mukhya kAraNa. kannaDakkU mattu samskxta, ingliSh, caynIs, banTu modalAda prapancada itara bhAShegaLigU naDuve kANisuva vyatyAsa intahadu.
idakke badalu, kannaDakkU mattu tamiLu, telugu, malayALa, tuLu modalAda itara drAviDa bhAShegaLigU naDuve kANisuva vyatyAsagaLige avu mUla bhASheyinda pratyEkagonDa mEle avugaLalli naDediruva badalAvaNegaLE kAraNavendu hELabahudu. haLegannaDa mattu hosa gannaDagaLa naDuve kANisuva vyatyAsagaLU I eraDaneya kAraNadindAgi mUDibandive. bhAShegaLa naDuve kANisuva vyatyAsagaLige I rIti eraDu kAraNa gaLiralu sAdhyavideyAda kAraNa, avannu eraDu vidhAnagaLa mUlaka pariSIlisalu sAdhyavide. ondE bhAShAkuTumbakke sEriruva bhAShegaLu kAlakramENa hEge badalAguttA bandive mattu I badalAvaNegaLindAgi avugaLa naDuve hEge vyatyAsagaLu beLedubandive embudAgi avugaLa caritreyannu kalpisikoLLalu prayatnisuvudu ondu vidhAna (kannaDada maTTige I prayatna hEge sAgaballudu embudannu (bhaT 1995) pustakadalli nODabahudu).
bEre bEre bhAShAkuTumbagaLige sEriruva prapancada bhAShegaLella vannU pariSIlisi, avugaLa naDuve vAkyaracaneya maTTige entaha vyatyAsagaLella kANisikoLLuttave embudannu kanDuhiDiyuvudu eraDanE vidhAna. I vidhAnada baLakeyalli bhAShegaLa naDuviruva sambandhakke jAsti prAmukhyateyilla. adakke badalu bhAShegaLa naDuve kANisuva vyatyAsa gaLalli ondu innondaroDane sambandhisideyE embudAgi I vyatyAsagaLa naDuviruva sambandhakke heccina prAdhAnyateyannu koDalAgu udAharaNegAgi, kannaDada padakantegaLalli guNapadagaLu nAmapadada eDakke baruttave (doDDa pustaka), Adare bEre kelavu bhAShegaLalli (udA: ayriSh bhAShe) guNapadagaLu nAmapadada balakke baruttave. I eraDu bhAShegaLa naDuve kANisuva I vyatyAsakke sambandhisidante bEre vyatyAsagaLEnAdarU iveyE, mattu iddalli antaha vyatyAsagaLannella oTTige sambandhisuvantaha vAkyaracaneya mUlatatvavEnAdarU ideyE (keLage 11.3 nODi) embudAgi I vidhAnadalli bhAShegaLa naDuve kANisuva vyatyAsagaLa naDuviruva sambandhagaLa pariSIlane naDesalAgu prapancadalli sAvirAru bhAShegaLu baLakeyalliveyAda kAraNa avallavannU hOlisi nODuva kelasa obba vyaktiya jIvamAnadalli naDeyuvantahadalla. hAgAgi I eraDaneya vidhAnavannanusarisuvavaru sAmAnyavAgi prapancada bEre bEre pradESagaLige mattu bEre bEre bhAShAkuTumbagaLige sEriruva nUrO innUrO bhAShegaLannu mAdari bhAShegaLannAgi ArisikonDu, avugaLa naDuve vAkyaracaneyalli entaha vyatyAsagaLella ive embudannu tiLiyalu prayatnisuttAre; mattu, I rIti mAdari bhAShegaLa abhyAsada mUlaka siddhavAguva tiLuvaLike prapancada itara bhAShegaLigU anvayisuvantahadAgirabahudu embudAgi kalpisikoLLuttAre.
kannaDakkU mattu prapancada itara bhAShegaLigU naDuve kANisuva vyatyAsagaLalli mukhyavAgiruva kelavannu antaha vyatyAsagaLa naDuviruva sambandhagaLannu arthamADikoLLalu sAdhyavAguvante I adhyAyadalli pariSIlisalAgide.

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11.2 mukhya padavagragaLu

vAkyaracanegAgi entaha padagaLannella baLasalAguttade emba viShayadalli prapancada bhAShegaLa naDuve kelavu prAmukhyavAda vyatyAsagaLannu kANabahudu. udAharaNegAgi kannaDadalli nAmapadagaLu, kriyApadagaLu mattu guNapadagaLu embudAgi mUru mukhya padavagragaLige sEraballa padagaLu baLakeyAguttave. idakke badalu samskxtadalli nAmapadagaLu mattu kriyApadagaLu embudAgi eraDu mukhya padavagragaLige sEraballa padagaLu mAtra baLakeyAguttave. kannaDadalli guNapadagaLAgi baruva pada gaLige samanAgi samskxtadalli nAmapadagaLE baruttave (bhaT 1994, 2001 nODi). TibeTO-barman bhAShAkuTumbakke sEruva maNipuri bhAShe yallU samskxtada hAge nAmapada mattu kriyApada embudAgi eraDu mukhya padavagragaLige sEraballa padagaLu mAtra baLakeyallive. Adare, kannaDada guNapadagaLige badalAgi I bhASheyalli samskxtada hAge nAma padagaLu baruva badalu kriyApadagaLu baruttave. kannaDada kappu emba guNapadakke badalAgi samskxtadalli kxShNa: emba nAmapada baruvudAdare, maNipuriyalli mU emba kriyApada baruttade. I mUru bhAShAkuTumbagaLige sEriruva bhAShegaLu padakantegaLannu racisuvudakkAgi mUru bhinna bhinnavAda vidhAnagaLannu baLasuttiruvudE I rIti avugaLalli baLakeyAguva padavagragaLa sankhye mattu svarUpa gaLalli vyatyAsa kANisikoLLalu mukhya kAraNa.
kannaDadalli padakantegaLannu racisuvudakkAgi nAmapadagaLa munde avu sUcisuva vyakti, vastu modalAdavugaLa guNadharmavannu tiLisuva guNapadavondannu irisi hELuva vidhAna baLakeyallide embudannu nAvu nAlkanE adhyAyadalli nODiruvevu. kappu hAvu emba padakanteyalli hAvu embudu ondu prANiyannu sUcisuttade, mattu kappu embudu adara guNadharmavondannu sUcisuttade. samskxtadalli padakantegaLannu racisalu idakkinta tIra bhinnavAda vidhAnavondu baLakeyallide. eraDu nAmapadagaLannu ondE linga- vacana-vibhaktigaLallirisi hELidAga averaDakkU samAnavAgiruva vyakti, vastu, modalAdavugaLalli ondannu avu sUcisaballuvembudE I vidhAnada hindiruva vyAkaraNa tatva.
udAharaNegAgi, kxShNa: sapra: emba padakanteyalli eraDu nAmapadagaLannu ondE linga-vacana-vibhaktiyallirisi hELalAgide. I kAraNakkAgi I padakante kappAgiyU mattu sapravAgiyU iruvantaha ondu prANiyannu sUcisuttade. samskxta baLasuva I vidhAnakke nAma padagaLiginta bhinnavAda guNapadagaLa avaSyakateyillavAda kAraNa samskxta dalli kannaDada hAge guNapadavemba padavagravilla. maNipuri bhASheyalli padakantegaLannu racisalu bEreyE ondu vidhAna baLakeyallide. guNadharmagaLannu I bhASheyalli kriyApadagaLa mUlaka sUcisalAguvudAda kAraNa, nAmapadagaLondige kriyApadagaLa sambandhisuva rUpavannirisi nAmapadakantegaLannu tayArisalAguttade. udAharaNegAgi amUba mI ‘kappu manuShya’ emba padakanteyalli mI ‘manuShya’ emba nAmapadavannu mU ‘kappu’ emba kriyApadada amUba emba sambandhaka rUpadondige sErisi baLasalAgide.
kannaDadalli ghaTanegaLannu sUcisuva kriyApadagaLannu nAmapada gaLondige hEge baLasuttEveyO hAgeyE maNipuriyalli guNadharma vannu sUcisuva padagaLannU baLasalAguttade. udAharaNegAgi kannaDadalli ODida huDuga emba padakanteyalli ODu kriyApadada sambandhisuva rUpavAda ODida embudannu huDuga nAmapadadondige baLasalAgide. mEle koTTiruva maNipuriya amUba mI emba padakanteyalli ondu guNadharmavannu sUcisuva mU ‘kappu’ emba padavannU idE vidhAnada mUlaka baLasalAgide. I kAraNakkAgi, maNipuri bhAShege kriyApadagaLiginta bhinnavAda guNapadagaLemba padavagrada avaSyakateyilla. I mUru rItiya bhAShegaLiginta bhinnavAda bhAShegaLU prapancada llive. udAharaNegAgi, AsTrO-ESiyATik bhAShAkuTumbakke sEriruva munDAri bhASheyalli ondE ondu padavagrakke sEruva padagaLu mAtra baLakeyallive. ivannu kriyApadagaLendAgali illavE AkhyAta padaga LendAgali kareyabahudu.
vAkyada arthavide. illi om I bhASheyalli baruva vAkyagaLalli atyavaSyavAgi irabEkAdudu ondE ondu AkhyAtapada mAtra. adu ondu ghaTaneyannAgali illavE ondu sangatiyannAgali sUcisuttade. I ghaTane illavE sangatiyalli toDagikonDiruva ghaTakagaLannu AkhyAta padadondige baruva pratyaya gaLE sUcisuvuvAda kAraNa, I bhAShege AkhyAta padagaLiginta bhinnavAda nAmapadagaLa avaSyakateyilla. idE kAraNakkAgi I bhAShege nAmapada kantegaLa avaSyakateyU illa, vibhakti pratyayagaLa avaSyakateyU illa, mattu guNapadagaLa avaSyakateyU illa. udAharaNegAgi, omadkoaiY emba munDAri bhASheya AkhyAta rUpakke kannaDada ‘nAnu avarige EnO koTTe’ emba ondu ‘koDu’ emba AkhyAtapadadondige ‘EnO’ emba artha koDuva a pratyaya, hindina samayavannu sUcisuva d pratyaya, ‘avarige’ embudannu sUcisuva ko pratyaya, idondu AkhyAtapada embudannu sUcisuva a pratyaya (endare ghaTaneya mattu mADuganannu) sUcisuva iY pratyaya iviShTU bandive.
vAkyakke bEkAguva mukhya ghaTakagaLannu I rIti AkhyAta pada dondige baruva pratyayagaLE tiLisuvuvAda kAraNa I bhAShege nAma padagaLa mattu guNapadagaLa avaSyakateyilla. ghaTakagaLa kuritAgi heccina mAhitiyannu tiLisabEkAdAga mAtra munDAri bhAShe intaha AkhyAta padagaLondige tunDuvAkyagaLannu baLasikoLLuttade. amerikAdalli baLake yalliruva sAliSAn mattu vAkaSAn bhAShAkuTumbagaLige sErida okanagan, lillOet, makA modalAda bhAShegaLU I viShayadalli munDAri bhASheyannu hOluttave (jAsti vivaragaLige bhaT 1994 nODi). ‘nAnu’ embudAgi koDuvavanannu

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11.3 mukhyavallada padavagragaLu

kannaDadalli mEle vivarisida hAge nAmapada, kriyApada mattu guNapadagaLemba mUru mukhya padavagragaLige sErida padagaLu mAtra vallade, puruShavAcaka padagaLu, savrapadagaLu, eNikeya padagaLu mattu avyayagaLu embudAgi nAlku mukhyavallada padavagragaLige sErida pada gaLU baLakeyallive. intaha padagaLa baLakeyallU prapancada bhAShegaLa naDuve halavu rItiya vyatyAsagaLive. heccina vyAkaraNagaLallU puruShavAcaka padagaLu mattu savrapada gaLu emba I eraDu padavagragaLige sErida padagaLannu ‘savranAma’ emba hesarina ondE padavagradalli sErisi hELuvudu rUDhi. Adare nijakkU I eraDu rItiya padagaLa naDuve sAmyavEnU illavAda kAraNa avannu ondE padavagradalli sErisi hELalu yAva adhAravU illa (bhaT 2003, 2004 nODi). ondu vAkyada ADuga mattu kELuga emba eraDu pAtragaLannu A vAkyadallEnE sUcisabEkAdAga kannaDadalli nAnu mattu nInu emba puruShavAcaka padagaLannu baLasalAguttade. TibeTO-barman bhAShA kuTumbakke sErida aGAmi, mAvO nAga modalAda bEre kelavu bhAShegaLalli iveraDu pAtragaLiginta bhinnavAgiruva mUraneyadondu pAtravannu sUcisuvudakkAgiyU puruShavAcaka padagaLa baLakeyAguttade (kannaDadalli idakkAgi avanu, avaLu modalAda savrapadagaLannu baLasa lAguttade).
kriyApadada koneyalli baruva pratyayada mUlakavU vAkyada ADuga mattu kELugarannu sUcisalu sAdhyavide. udAharaNegAgi, hOguttEne mattu hOgutti kriyArUpagaLa koneyalli baruva Ene mattu i pratyayagaLu ADuga mattu kELugarannu sUcisuttave. Adare, kannaDadalli intaha puruShavAcaka pratyayagaLiginta puruShavAcaka padagaLigEnE heccina prAmukhyateyide.
idallade, puruShavAcaka padagaLige heccina mahatvavannu koDuva maNipuriyantaha bEre halavu bhAShegaLalli vAkyada ADuga mattu kELugarannu sUcisuvudakkAgi kriyApadada koneyalli pratyayagaLannu baLasuva I eraDaneya vidhAnavE baLakeyallilla.
vAkyada ADuga mattu kELugarannu sUcisuvudakkAgi viSiShTavAda padagaLa badalu pratyayagaLannE baLasuva bhAShegaLU halavive. intaha bhAShegaLalli svatantravAda nAnu, nInu embantaha padagaLiddarU avakke jAsti prAmukhyateyilla. antaha padagaLE illada bhAShegaLU kelavive. udAharaNegAgi, kayuvAvA emba bhASheyalli ADuga mattu kELuga rannu sUcisuvudakkAgi kriyApadadondige baraballa pratyayagaLiveyallade svatantravAgi baraballa padagaLilla. savrapadagaLa ondu vaySiShTyavEnendare, avugaLallella eraDeraDu angagaLiruttave. ivugaLalli ondu anga savrapadagaLu vAkyadalli naDesa bEkAgiruva kelasa EnembudannU mattu innondu anga avugaLa vyApti entahadu embudannU sUcisuttave.
udAharaNegAgi, kannaDada savrapadagaLAda ivaLu mattu avaLu embavugaLalli modalaneya angavAda ‘i’ mattu ‘a’gaLu A padakke ghaTakavondannu nirdESisuva kelasavideyendU mattu eraDaneya anga vAda vaLu embudu A padakke hengasarigaShTE sImitavAgiruva vyApti yideyendU tiLisuttave. ghaTaka ADugana hattiraddu embudAgi ‘i’ sUcisuttade, mattu ghaTaka ADuganiginta dUraddu embudAgi ‘a’ sUcisuttade. kannaDadalli I rIti savrapadada kelasavannu sUcisuva anga modalu baruttade mattu adara vyAptiyannu sUcisuva anga anantara baruttade. Adare havAyiyan, samovA, tagalOg modalAda bEre kelavu bhAShegaLalli vyAptiyannu sUcisuva anga modalu baruttade, mattu kelasavannu sUcisuva anga anantara baruttade.
sAmAnyavAgi vAkyadalli kriyApada modalige baruva bhAShegaLalli I rIti savrapadada vyAptiyannu sUcisuva anga adara kelasavannu sUcisuva angakkinta modalige baruttade mattu vAkyadalli kriyApada konege baruva kannaDa, samskxta modalAda bhAShegaLalli adu savra padada kelasavannu sUcisuva angada anantara baruttade (11.3 nODi). kannaDadalli mukhyavAgi mUru kelasagaLannu naDesaballa savrapada gaLive (ivanu-avanu-yAvanu, illi-alli-elli, iShTu-aShTu- eShTu, intaha-antaha-entaha, ityAdi). ivugaLalli modalinaveraDu vyakti, vastu, jAga, aLate modalAdavugaLannu nirdESisuttave mattu mUraneyadu (yAru, elli, eShTu ityAdi) avugaLa viShayavAgi aniScitateyannu sUcisuttade (10.4.1 nODi). vyakti, vastu, jAga modalAduvannu nirdESisuvudakkAgi kannaDadalli ADugana hattira mattu dUra embudAgi eraDu jAgagaLannu sUcisaballa savrapadagaLu mAtra ive. idakkinta jAsti jAgagaLannu sUcisaballa bhAShegaLU halavive. udAharaNegAgi kelavu nAgA bhAShegaLalli ADugana hattira, kELugana hattira mattu ibbarigintalU dUra embudAgi mUru jAgagaLannu sUcisaballa padagaLive. idallade, kANisuva, kANisada, mElina, keLagina modalAda bEreyU halavu rItiya vyatyAsagaLannu intaha nirdESisuva savrapadagaLalli kANisaballa bhAShegaLU halavive. idallade, savrapadagaLalli avu naDesabEkAgiruva kelasada viShaya dallAgalI illavE avugaLa vyAptiya viShayadallAgalI yAva rItiya vyatyAsavannU tOrisadiruva bhAShegaLU kelavive. udAharaNegAgi nayjar-kOngO bhAShAkuTumbakke sErida lyElE emba bhASheyalli ondE savrapadavannu ellA rItiya kelasagaLigAgiyU (vyakti, vastu modalAduvannu nirdESisuvudakkAgi mattu avugaLa kuritAgi aniScitate yannu sUcisuvudakkAgi) ondE savrapadada baLakeyide (jAsti vivara gaLige bhaT 2004 nODi).

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11.4 padagaLa anukrama

kannaDa vAkyagaLalli kriyApadagaLu sAmAnyavAgi vAkyada koneyalli baruttave, mattu vAkyada itara angagaLAgi baruva ghaTakagaLu mattu guNapadagaLu I kriyApadagaLa eDakke baruttave.
idakke badalu ayriS, havAyiyan, tagalOg modalAda bEre kelavu bhAShegaLalli kriyApadagaLu vAkyadalli modalaneya padavAgi baruttave, mattu uLiduvu (ghaTakagaLu mattu guNapadagaLu) avugaLa anantara baruttave.
ingliSh, kASmIri, modalAda innu kelavu bhAShegaLalli kriyA padagaLu vAkyada naDuve baruttave. vAkyaghaTakagaLalli ondu (vAkyada katrxvannu sUcisuva ghaTaka) I kriyApadada modalu baruttade mattu uLiduvu adara anantara baruttave. kannaDa vAkyagaLalli kriyApada koneyalli baruvudAda kAraNa, adara guNapadagaLu nAmapada, kriyApada illavE bErondu guNapadada eDakke baruttave (keLage koTTiruva (1ka-ga) nODi), sambandhisuva pada mattu vAkyagaLu avu sambandhisuva nAmapadada eDakke baruttave (1gha-Ga), hOlikeya padagaLu guNapadada eDakke baruttave (1ca) mattu mukhya kriyApadagaLu upakriyApadada eDakke baruttave (1cha).
(1ka) doDDa pustaka (1kha) bEga banda (1ga) bahaLa doDDa mane (1gha) rAjana pustaka (1Ga) rAjanige koTTa pustaka (1ca) rAjuviginta doDDa (huDuga) (1cha) kuLitiddAne idakke badalu, vAkyadalli modalige kriyApada baruvantaha ayriSh, havAyiyan modalAda bhAShegaLalli I vAkyAngagaLa anukrama kannaDadalli kANisuva anukramakke sampUrNa viruddhavAgide. ivugaLalli guNapadagaLu nAmapada, kriyApada mattu bEre guNapadagaLa balakke baruttave, sambandhisuva padagaLu mattu sambandhisuva vAkyagaLu nAma padada balakke baruttave, hOlikeya padagaLu guNapadada balakke baru ttave, mattu mukhyakriyApadagaLu upakriyApadada balakke baruttave. kriyApada vAkyada naDuve baruva ingliShnantaha bhAShegaLalli mElina kelavu racanegaLu kriyApada vAkyada koneyalli baruva kannaDada racanegaLa hAgive, Adare bEre kelavu racanegaLu kriyApada vAkyadalli modalige baruva ayriSh, tagalOg modalAda bhAShegaLalliruva hAge udAharaNegAgi, ingliShna guNapadagaLu kannaDadalliruva hAge nAmapada illavE guNapadada eDakke baruttave (gooja bothi, veDithi gooja), Adare kriyApadada balakke baruttave (chicime quichiYaTathi); sambandhisuva padagaLu nAmapadada eDakkU baraballuvu (eohTi’s booYa), balakkU baraballuvu (booYa oji eohTi); sambandhisuva vAkyagaLu nAmapadada balakke baruttave (Nahe booYa NahciNa eohTi gcive); hOlikeya padagaLu guNapadada balakke baruttave (biggeDi NahciTi eohTi); mattu mukhyakriyApadagaLu upakriyApadada balakke baruttave (is siNaNaiTig).
illi heccina viShayagaLallU ingliSh bhASheya vAkyaracane kannaDada vAkyaracaneginta bhinnavAgide embudannu gamanisabahudu. idakke ingliSh nalli bAdhita ghaTaka kriyApadada balakke baruvudE mukhya kAraNa (jAsti vivaragaLige grInbagra 1963, hAkinsa 1983 mattu praymas 2001 nODi). savrapadagaLalli baruva eraDu angagaLalli yAvudu modalu baru ttade embudU vAkyadalli kriyApada elli baruttade (suruvinallO koneyallO) embudara mEle avalambiside embudannu nAvu mEle (11-2)ralli nODiruvevu.

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11.5 vyAkaraNa sambandha

vAkyavondaralli baruva ghaTakagaLa mUlaka artha mattu vyavahAra embudAgi eraDu rItiya sambandhagaLannu sUcisuva avaSyakateyide embudannu nAvu eraDanE adhyAyadalli nODiruvevu. kannaDadalli artha sambandhavannu vibhakti pratyayagaLa mUlakavU mattu vyavahAra sambandhavannu idakkinta tIra bhinnavAda bEre kelavu vidhAnagaLa (ghaTaka gaLa anukrama, ghaTakavondannu otti hELuvudu illavE vAkyada uLida bhAgadondige sambandhisi hELuvudu, ityAdigaLa) mUlakavU sUcisa lAguttade (2.7 nODi). kannaDadalli I eraDu sambandhagaLannu spaShTavAgi pratyEkisi irisa lAgide. idallade, kannaDada vAkyaracaneyalli arthakke sambandhisidavu mattu vyavahArakke sambandhisidavu embudAgi eraDu rItiya vidhAna gaLu baLakeyAguttiddu, ivugaLalli arthakke sambandhisida vidhAnagaLannu arthavE niyantrisuttade mattu vyavahArakke sambandhisida vidhAnagaLannu vyavahAravE niyantrisuttade. udAharaNegAgi, kannaDadalli eraDu vAkyagaLannu jODisuvudakkAgi mUru vidhAnagaLu baLakeyalliveyembudannu nAvu enTaneya adhyAya dalli nODiruvevu. ivugaLalli modalaneya eraDu vidhAnagaLannu (mattu padavannu baLasi hAgU U pratyayavannu baLasi eraDu vAkya gaLannu jODisuvudu) vAkyada vyavahArakke sambandhisida vidhAnagaLendU mattu mUraneya vidhAnavannu (modalaneya vAkyada kriyApadadalli kelavu badalAvaNegaLannu mADuvudara mUlaka adannu eraDaneya darondige jODisuvudu) vAkyada arthakke sambandhisida vidhAnavendU hELalu sAdhyavide. ivugaLalli mUraneya vidhAna uLida eraDu vidhAnagaLinda halavu viShayagaLalli bhinnavAgide embudannu nAvu 8.2.3ralli nODiruvevu. I vyatyAsagaLalli heccinavakkU mUraneya vidhAnada niyantraNa vAkyada arthada mEle avalambisiruvudE kAraNa. udAharaNegAgi, eraDu ghaTanegaLu avannu naDesuva eraDu vyakti gaLa hatOTiyalliruvavugaLAdare, avannu mattu padada mUlaka illavE U pratyayada mUlaka jODisalu sAdhyavide, Adare jODisuva kriyArUpada mUlaka jODisalu sAdhyavAgadu. bEyisidaLu. bEyisida mattu jAnaki anna (2kha) rAju tarakAriyannU jAnaki annavannU bEyisidaru. rAju tarakAriyannu bEyisi sAmbAr mADida. jODisuva kriyArUpada mUlaka naDesuvavana hatOTiyalliruva eraDu ghaTanegaLannu jODisi hELabEkiddalli averaDU ondE vyaktiya hatOTiyalliruvudu avaSya embudannu (2ga) sUcisuttade. ondu ghaTane hatOTiyalliddu innondu hatOTiyallillavAdalli mAtra averaDannu bEre bEre vyaktigaLu naDesuttiddarU jODisuva kriyA rUpada mUlaka jODisalu sAdhyavide. (2gha) rAju bobbehAki maguvige eccaravAyitu. (2gha)dalli eccaravAguva ghaTane maguvina hatOTiyallillavAda kAraNa adannu rAju bobbehAkuva ghaTaneyondige jODisuva kriyArUpada mUlaka jODisi hELalu sAdhyavAgide (4.3.2 nODi).
mattu embudara mUlaka jODisida vAkyagaLalli eraDu bEre bEre samayagaLannu sUcisuva padagaLu baraballuvu, Adare jODisuva kriyArUpavannu baLasi jODisida vAkyagaLalli idu sAdhyavAgalAradu. rAju ninne maysUrige hOgidda mattu ivattu allinda ondu Tivi tandiddAne. (3kha) rAju maysUrige hOgi ondu Tivi tandiddAne. mEle vivarisiruva eraDu rItiya sannivESagaLallU jODisuva kriyArUpagaLannu baLasi entaha vAkyagaLannu jODisalu sAdhya embudu A vAkyagaLa arthada mEle avalambiside embudannu gamanisa bahudu. kannaDadalli I rIti artha mattu vyavahAra sambandhagaLannu bEre bErAgirisiruva kAraNa, vibhakti pratyayagaLigU mattu avu sUcisuva artha sambandhakkU naDuve nEravAda hondANikeyide. tamiLu, telugu modalAda itara drAviDa bhAShegaLalli mAtravallade maNipuri, tAnkhur nAga modalAda TibeTO-barman bhAShegaLallU idE rIti vibhakti pratyayagaLigU mattu avu sUcisuva artha sambandhakkU naDuve nEravAda hondANikeyide. idakke badalu, ingliSh, jarman, hindi modalAda bEre halavu bhAShegaLalli artha mattu vyavahAra sambandhagaLannu sUcisuva vidhAnagaLa baLakeyalli nEravAda hondANikeyillade gondalavunTAgiruvudannu kANabahudu. ingliShna vAkyagaLalli ghaTakagaLa anukrama vyavahAra sambandhavannu mAtravallade arthasambandhavannU sUcisaballudu.
udAharaNegAgi, Nahe bothi sciti Nahe giDiTa vAkyadalli Nahe giDiTa ghaTaka sciti kriyApadada balakke bandideyAda kAraNa adu A kriyApada tiLisuva ‘dUDuva’ ghaTaneyinda bAdhitavAguva vyaktiyannu sUcisu ttade, mattu Nahe bothi ghaTaka adE kriyApadada eDakke bandideyAda kAraNa adu A kriyApada tiLisuva ‘dUDuva’ ghaTaneyannu naDesi koDuva vyaktiyannu sUcisuttade. I eraDu arthasambandhagaLannu mAtravallade, vAkyada modalige bandiruva Nahe bothi ghaTaka vAkyada viShaya (NaoThiichi) yAvudu embudannU (endare vyavahAra sambandha vannU) sUcisuttade. kannaDa vAkyagaLalli baruva ghaTakagaLalli ondara badalu innondannu vAkyada viShayavannAgi mADabEkiddalli adannu vAkyada modalaneya ghaTakavAgi baLasidare sAku. idakkAgi A ghaTakagaLa vibhakti rUpa dallAgalI illavE kriyApadada kriyArUpadallAgalI yAva badalA vaNeyannU mADabEkAgilla.
Adare ingliShnalli I rIti ondu ghaTakada badalu innondu ghaTakavannu vAkyada viShayavannAgi mADabEkiddalli adannu vAkyada modalaneya ghaTakavannAgi mADuvudarondige bEreyU kelavu badalA vaNegaLannU mADabEkAguttade. adakkAgi A vAkyavannu katrari prayOga dinda karmaNi prayOgakke badalAyisabEkAguttade. ‘avaLu avanannu dUDidaLu’ ‘avanannu avaLu dUDidaLu’
(4kha)dalli him ghaTakavannu vAkyada viShayavannAgi mADalu vAkyada modalaneya padavannAgi mADalAgide, mattu idarondige adara vibhakti rUpavannU badalAyisalAgide. illi artha vyatyAsavilladiddarU vibhakti vyatyAsavide.
artha mattu vyavahAra sambandhagaLannu sUcisuva vidhAnagaLa naDuve nEra hondANikeyilladiruva intaha bhAShegaLa vAkyaracaneyannu varNi suvudakkAgi averaDakkinta bhinnavAgiruva ‘vyAkaraNa sambandha’ emba bErondu rItiya sambandhavannu kalpisikoLLuva avaSyakate kanDu samskxta vyAkaraNadalli baLakeyAguva katrx, karma, karaNa, modalAda ‘kAraka’gaLu mattu ingliSh vyAkaraNadalli baLakeyAguva DieTaciNaioTi’gaLu I bhAShegaLalli artha sambandhakkU mattu adannu sUcisuva vidhAnakkU naDuve nEravAda hondANikeyillavAda kAraNa averaDara naDuviruva sambandhavannu varNisuvudakkAgi kalpisiruvantaha vyAkaraNa sambandhagaLallade bErEnalla (jAsti vivaragaLige bhaT 1991, 2001 nODi).

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11.6 samayada sUcane

heccina bhAShegaLallU kriyApadagaLondige ghaTanegaLa samayavannu sUcisuvudakkAgi ondalla ondu vidhAnavannanusarisuva krama baLake yallide. Adare ‘ghaTaneya samaya’ embudannu mukhyavAgi mUru dxShTikOnagaLa mUlaka pariSIlisalu sAdhyaviddu, bEre bEre bhAShegaLu bEre bEre dxShTikOnagaLige mahatvavannu koDuttave.
modalaneyadAgi, ghaTaneya samayavannu adannu tiLisuva vAkyada samayakke sambandhisida hAge sUcisalu sAdhyavide. vAkyada samaya kkinta adu tiLisuva ghaTaneya samaya hindinadirabahudu illavE mundinadirabahudu. kannaDada kriyApadagaLalli ghaTaneya samayavannu sUcisuvalli I dxShTikOnakke heccina mahatvavide. vAkyada koneyalli baruva kannaDada heccina kriyApadagaLigU hindina samaya mattu mundina samaya embudAgi eraDeraDu samayavannu sUcisuva rUpagaLiveyembudannu nAvu mEle aydaneya adhyAyadalli nODiru vevu. eraDaneyadAgi, ghaTaneya samayavannu ghaTaneya Antarika kAlavyavasthege sambandhisida hAge sUcisalu sAdhyavide. ghaTane kShaNika virabahudu illavE jAsti hottu naDeyuttiruvantahadirabahudu; adu pUrNagonDirabahudu illavE apUrNavAgirabahudu. ondu bAri mAtra naDeyuvantahadirabahudu illavE oTTige halavu bAri naDeyu vantahadirabahudu.
kelavu bhAShegaLu intaha ghaTaneya Antarika kAlavyavasthege sambandhisi dantaha viShayagaLige heccina mahatvavannu koDuttave. udAharaNegAgi, samskxtada kriyApadagaLige prAmukhyavAgi laT mattu liT emba eraDu rItiya rUpagaLiddu (karOti-cakAra, bhavati-babhUva, pacati-papAca, ityAdi), ivu anukramavAgi apUrNa mattu pUrNa ghaTanegaLannu sUcisuttave. vAkyada samayakkU mattu ghaTaneya samayakkU naDuviruva sambandhakke samskxtadalli heccina mahatvavilla. mUraneyadAgi, ghaTaneya samayavannu sUcisuvalli adara yathArthatege heccina mahatvavannu koDuva bhAShegaLU halavive. intaha bhAShegaLalli ondu ghaTane naDedide illavE naDeyalide embuda kkintalU ghaTaneyannu varadi mADuvalli ADuganige entaha AdhAra ide embudakke heccina mahatva baruttade.
intaha AdhAragaLu sAkaShTu iveyAdalli ghaTaneyannu kriyApadada ‘yathArtha’ rUpada mUlakavU mattu aShTondu AdhAragaLilladiddu adu naDeyuva illavE naDediruva viShayadalli samSayavideyAdalli ‘ayathArtha’ rUpada mUlakavU intaha bhAShegaLalli ghaTanegaLannu sUcisalAguttade. udAharaNegAgi, barmIs bhASheya kriyApadagaLalli ghaTaneya samayavannu sUcisuvudakkAgi I mUraneya dxShTikOna baLake yallide. naDeda mattu naDeyuttiruva ghaTanegaLannu yathArtha rUpagaLa mUlakavU mattu naDeyadidda mattu naDeyaliruva ghaTanegaLannu ayathArtha rUpagaLa mUlakavU I bhASheyalli sUcisalAguttade.
AsTrEliyAda kayAdrilda, inDOnESiyAda munA, amErikA khanDada kaDDO modalAda bEre halavu bhAShegaLU ghaTaneya samaya vannu sUcisuvudakkAgi I vidhAnavannanusarisuttave (jAsti vivaragaLige bhaT 1999 nODi).
kannaDadalli ghaTaneya samayavannu sUcisalu mAtina samayakkU mattu ghaTaneya samayakkU naDuviruva sambandhakke heccina ottu koDa lAguttade. uLida eraDu dxShTikOnagaLa mUlakavU ghaTaneyondannu varNisuva sAdhyate kannaDadallU ide. Adare kannaDadalli avakke samaya sambandhadaShTu prAmukhyateyilla embudE kannaDakkU mattu samskxta, barmIs modalAda bhAShegaLigU naDuviruva vyatyAsa.
udAharaNegAgi, kannaDadalli ghaTaneya pUrNateyannu sUcisalu ondu kriyApadadondige biDu emba innondu kriyApadavannu baLasuva vidhAna baLakeyallide (biddubiDuttAne, biddubiTTa). Adare I rIti ghaTaneya Antarika vyavastheyannu sUcisuva vidhAnakke kannaDada vAkyaracaneyalli samaya sambandhavannu sUcisuva vidhAnakkiruvantaha prAmukhyateyilla. (bidda endaShTE hELidarU kannaDadalli pUrNArtha baraballudu).
idE rItiyalli (nIvu hELiddare) hOguttidde, hOgabahudu embantaha prayOgagaLalli ghaTane yathArthavalla embudannu sUcisa lAgide. I vidhAnakkU kannaDada vAkyaracaneyalli heccina prAmukhyate yilla. samskxtadallU ghaTaneya samayavannu mAtina samayakke sambandhi siruvante sUcisalu kelavu vidhAnagaLu baLakeyallive. udAharaNegAgi, ondu ghaTaneya samaya adannu varadimADuva vAkyavannADiruva samayakkinta hindinadu embudannu sUcisuvudakkAgi samskxtadalli A ghaTaneyannu sUcisuva kriyApadakke a emba pUvrapratyayavannu sErisa lAguttade (bhavati-abhavat, bhaviShyati-abhaviShyat).
Adare I pratyayavannu baLasadiddarU samskxtada kriyApadagaLige hindina samayada artha baralu sAdhyavide. intaha samaya sambandha vannu sUcisuva vidhAnagaLige samskxtada vAkyaracaneyalli heccina prAmukhyateyilladiruvudE idakke kAraNa. samayavannu sUcisuvudakkAgi bhASheyondaralli yAva dxShTi kOnakke prAmukhyateyannu koDalAguttade embudara mEle bhASheya bEre kelavu guNadharmagaLU avalambisiruva hAge kANisuttade. udA haraNegAgi, samaya sambandhakke prAmukhyateyannu koDuva kannaDadantaha bhASheyalli heccina kriyApadagaLU ghaTaneyannu sUcisuvantahavu gaLAgiruttave.
idakke badalu, Antarika kAlavyavasthege prAmukhyateyannu koDuva bhAShegaLalli kriyApadagaLu ghaTaneyannAgalI illavE sangatiyannAgalI sUcisaballuvu. kannaDadalli sangatiyannu sUcisuvudakkAgi baLakeyAguvudu iru emba ondE ondu kriyApada mAtra. uLida ellA kriyApadagaLU ghaTaneyannu sUcisuvavugaLu. bal, bAr, sAku, bEku modalAda samayabhEdavannu tOrisada bEre kelavu kriyApadagaLU sangatiyannu sUcisuvavendu hELabahudEnO.
idakke badalu, kAlavyavasthege prAmukhyateyannu koDuva mAvO nAga, munA, miksaTek modalAda bhAShegaLalli sAkaShTu kriyApadagaLu sangatiyannu sUcisuvavugaLAgiruttave. intaha kelavu bhAShegaLalli ellA guNapadagaLU sangatiyannu sUcisuva kriyApadagaLAgiruttave.

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11.7 allagaLeyuva vAkyagaLu

kannaDadalli ondu ghaTane illavE sangatiyannu allagaLeyuvudakkAgi illa padavannU mattu ondu ghaTane illavE sangatigU mattu adara ondu ghaTakakkU naDuviruva sambandhavannu allagaLeyuvudakkAgi alla padavannU baLasalAguttadeyembudannu nAvu mEle ombattanE adhyAya dalli nODiruvevu. allagaLeyuva kelasakkAgi idakkinta bhinnavAda vidhAna gaLa baLakeyU prapancada itara bhAShegaLalli kANisuttade.
kannaDadalli ondu vAkyakke illa padavannu sErisuva modalu adara kriyApadadalli kelavu badalAvaNegaLannu mADabEkAguttade. A kriyA pada hindina samayavannu sUcisuttiruvudAdare adara koneyalli bandiruva samayapratyayavannu mattu ghaTakapratyayavannu tegeduhAki, alu pratyayavannu sErisikoLLabEkAguttade (bandaru-baralilla, mADi daru-mADalilla).
idakke badalu, kriyApada mundina samayavannu sUcisuttiruvu dAdare, adannu nAmapadarUpakke badalAyisikoLLabEkAguttade (baru ttAre-baruvudilla, (heccina vivaragaLige 9.3 nODi). Adare samskxtadalli na ‘illa’ embudannu vAkyadalli yAva badalA vaNeyannU mADade hAgeyE baLasalu sAdhyavide. mADuttAre-mADuvudilla). tE pustakAni paThanti. ‘avaru pustakagaLannu OduttAre’ (5kha) tE pustakAni na paThanti. ‘avaru pustakagaLannu Oduvudilla’ idallade, samskxtadalli ondu vAkyakkU mattu adara ondu ghaTakakkU naDuviruva sambandhavannu allagaLeyalu mEle koTTiruva na emba padavE baLakeyAguttade; kannaDadalliruva hAge adakkinta bhinnavAda bErondu allagaLeyuva pada samskxtadallilla.
(5ga) sa: na pAcaka: ‘avanu aDugeyavanalla’ Adare samskxtadalli ondu vAkyavannu allagaLeyuva badalu adara ondu padavannu mAtravE allagaLeyalU sAdhyavide. idakkAgi A padakke a illavE an pratyayavannu sErisikoLLabEkAguttade (satya-asatya, nyAya-anyAya, Eka-anEka, AcAra-anAcAra, ityAdi). kannaDa dalli I rIti padagaLannu nEravAgi allagaLeyalu sAdhyavAgadu (9.3.2 nODi).
kannaDadalli illa padada mUlaka hindina ghaTaneyannu mAtravallade mundina ghaTaneyannU allagaLeyalu sAdhyavide. Adare maNipuri bhASheyalli mundina ghaTaneyannu allagaLeyalu hindina ghaTaneyannu allagaLeyuva padakkinta bEreyE ondu padavannu baLasabEkAguttade. akomA bhASheyalli obba ADuganige tAnu svata: nODida illavE anubhavisida ghaTaneyondannu mAtra allagaLeyalu sAdhyavide. itara ghaTanegaLa kuritu tanage samSayavideyendaShTE Ata hELaballanallade avannu allagaLeyalAra.

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11.8 kELvigaLu

bhAShegaLalli prAmukhyavAgi eraDu rItiya kELvigaLu baLakeyallive. ivannu vAkyakELvi mattu vAkyAnga kELvi endu kareyabahudu. vAkya kELviyalli ondu vAkya sUcisuva ghaTane illavE sangati sariyE athavA allavE embudannu kELalAguttade, mattu vAkyAnga kELviyalli vAkyada ondu angada kuritAgi kELuganinda heccina mAhitiyannu paDeyalu prayatnisalAguttade (vivaragaLige 10.3 nODi). kannaDadalli tiLisuva vAkyavannu vAkyakELviyAgi badalAyisalu vAkyada koneyalli E, O illavE A pratyayavannu sErisabEku mattu vAkyada SrutivinyAsadalli svalpa badalAvaNeyannU mADikoLLabEku. idakke badalu I kelasakkAgi SrutivinyAsada badalAvaNeyondannE baLasu vantaha bhAShegaLU (AsTrEliyAda yidiY bhASheyantahavu) mattu pratyayagaLannu mAtravE baLasuvantaha bhAShegaLU kelavive. kelavu vAkyada bhAShegaLalli intaha halavAru pratyayagaLa baLakeyAguttiddu, ivu bEre bEre rItiya vAkyakELvigaLannu tayArisalu sahAyakavAguttave. bEre kelavu bhAShegaLalli idakkAgi vAkyada kriyApadadallEnE kelavu badalAvaNegaLannu udAharaNegAgi mADikoLLabEkAguttade. ingliShnalli kriyApadakke upakriyApadavondannu sErisabEkAguttade mattu idannu vAkyada modalaneya padavAgi baLasabEkAguttade (Ue tieTiNa home – Aija he go home?).
vAkyAnga kELvigaLannu tayArisuvudakkAgi kannaDadalli kELabEkA giruva vAkyAngada badalu ondu aniScita savrapadavannu baLasa bEkAguttade mattu vAkyada SrutivinyAsavannu badalisabEkAguttade (10.4 nODi). kelavu bhAShegaLalli kELvigaLalli mAtravE baLakeyAgu vantaha savrapadagaLive. ivu aniScita padagaLinda bhinnavAgiddu, kELviya arthavannu mAtra koDa balluvu. udAharaNegAgi, japAnina aynu bhASheyalli hunna embudakke ‘yAru’ emba arthaviddu, ‘yArO’ embudannu sUcisalu adakkinta tIra bhinnavAda nen emba padavide. idE rItiyalli ‘Enu’ embudannu sUcisalu hnta emba padavideyAdare, ‘EnO’ embudannu sUcisu vudakkAgi nep emba bEreyE ondu padavide, ityAdi. kannaDadalli yAru, Enu, elli, yAvAga, yAke, hEge, modalAda halavu aniScitateyannu sUcisuva padagaLiddu, ivugaLa mUlaka bEre bEre rItiya vAkyAnga kELvigaLannu tayArisalu sAdhya vide. kannaDakkinta hecci aniScita (illavE kELvi) padagaLiruva bhAShegaLU kelavive, Adare ellA kELvigaLallU ondE aniScita padavannu baLasuva bhAShegaLU ive.

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11.9 muktAya

kannaDa bhASheyalli vAkyaracanegAgi entaha niyamagaLella baLakeyAguttave mattu A niyamagaLa hindiruva vyAkaraNada mUlatatvagaLu entahavu embudannu tiLidukoLLuva ondu cikka prayatnavannu I pustakadalli mADalAgide. intaha prayatnakke kannaDa bhASheyondannE abhyAsa mADidare sAkAguvudilla emba viShaya I adhyAyadinda spaShTavAgira bahudu. halavAru vidhAnagaLannu baLasuva bhAShegaLa naDuve kannaDada sthAnavEnu embudannaritAga mAtra nijakkU kannaDa baLasuva vyAkaraNa tatvagaLentahavu emba viShaya spaShTavAgaballudu. kelavu pAribhAShika padagaLu ankitanAma (ThiDioThieDi Ticime): vyakti, vastu, jAga modalAdavugaLalli ondondakkU bEre bErAgi koTTiruva avugaLadE Ada hesaru; rAju, kAvEri, maysUru ityAdigaLu intahavu. aNakisuva guNapada (oTiomciNaoThioeichi tioDija): ghaTaneya saddu, nOTa, spaSra modalAdavugaLa viShayadalli ADugana anubhavavannu sUcisuva guNapadagaLu; Dabbane bILu, miNimiNi uri, paTapaTane hELu ityAdigaLu intahavu. aniScita pada (iTijaejiiTiiNae tioDija): ADuganige niScitavAgiyU tiLiya diruva vyakti, vastu, sthAna, kAla modalAduvannu sUcisuva pada; yAru, Enu, yAke, ityAdigaLu intahavu. artha sambandha (semciTiNaichi DieTaciNaioTi): vAkyadalli baruva ghaTakagaLigU mattu kriyApadakkU naDuviruva sambandha; Aguga, mADuga, suru, kone, jAga, prEraka modalAda I sambandhagaLannu kannaDadalli vibhaktipratyayagaLa mUlaka sUcisalAguttade. allagaLe (niShEdhisu, TiegciNae): ondu vAkyavu tiLisuva ghaTane naDedilla illavE naDeyuvudilla embudannu tiLisuvudakkAgi, mattu ondu sangati nijavalla embudannu tiLisuvudakkAgi allagaLe yuva vAkyavannu baLasabEkAguttade. idakkAgi vAkyada kone yalli illa padavannu sErisabEkAguttade (rAju bareyuvu dilla, bareyalilla, A pustaka nammallilla, ityAdi). ondu ghaTane illavE sangatigU adara ondu ghaTakakkU naDuviruva sambandhavannu allagaLeyalu alla padada baLakeyAguttade (adu namma maneyalla). Aguga (ThiciNaieTiNa): ondu ghaTaneyinda bAdhitavAguvudAdarU A ghaTaneya mEle hatOTiyilladiruva ghaTaka. mADugaviruva vAkyadalli idannu annu pratyaya sUcisuttade. ADuga (sThieciYaeDi): ondu vAkyavannu ADiruva vyakti; idannu vAkyadalli baruva nAnu pada sUcisuttade. Igina samaya (vatramAnakAla, ThiDieseTiNa NaeTise): kannaDadalli iru kriyApadakke mAtra Igina samayavannu sUcisuva rUpagaLive. I rUpagaLu sangatiyondu adannu tiLisuva vAkyavannADuva samayadalli jAriyallideyembudannu sUcisuttave (avanu maneyalliddAne, avaralli ondu emme ide). itara kriyA padagaLige hindina mattu mundina samayagaLannu sUcisuva rUpagaLu mAtra ive.
udda svara (dIrgha svara, TaoTig votieTa): giDDa svarakkinta uccarisalu svalpa jAsti samaya bEkAguva A, I, U, E illavE O emba svara. upakriyApada (ciuxiTaiciDithi veDib): kriyApadada anantara adara sahAya kkAgi baruva innondu kriyApada. mADiddEne embudaralli iddEne (iru) embudu upakriyApada mattu mADu embudu mukhya kriyApada.
etti hELu (quoNae): obba vyakti ADuva vAkyadalli innobba vyaktiya mAtu, abhiprAya illavE bhAvaneyannu oLavAkyavondara mUlaka tiLisuvudu; nAnu elligU hOguvudillavendu rAju hELuttiddAne embudaralli nAnu elligU hOgu vudilla emba vAkyavannu etti hELalAgide. ottu koDu (emThihcisize): ondu padakke ottu koTTu (illavE otti) hELuvudakkAgi E pratyayavannu baLasalAguttade; rAju banda ennuva badalu rAjuvE banda embudAgi hELuvalli rAju padada mEle ottu koDalAgide). oLavAkya (embejajaeja seTiNaeTichie): ondu vAkyada oLage bandiruva innondu vAkya; idu rAju bandiddAnendu kANisuttade embudaralli bandiruva rAju bandiddAne embudara hAge ondu iDI vAkyada rUpadallirabahudu, illavE rAju banda samaya cannAgilla embudaralli bandiruva rAju banda embudara hAge ondu tunDu vAkyada rUpadallirabahudu. kelavu pAribhAShika padagaLu kAlavyavasthe (cisThiechiNa): ghaTane mugidideyE, innU naDeyuttideyE, kShaNikavE, omme illavE halavu bAri naDeyuvantahadE embantaha ghaTaneya Antarike samayavinyAsavannu sUcisuva vidhAna. kUDikeya artha (chioTiriuTichiNaioTi): mattu padakkiruva artha. kUDupada: ondu kriyApadada jODisuva rUpadondige innondu kriyApadavannu sErisiruva racaneya ondu viSiShTavAda baLake. idaralli eraDaneya kriyApada tanna mUlArthavannu kaLedu konDu modalaneya kriyApada sUcisuva ghaTaneya kuritAgi heccinadannEnAdarU sUcisalu baLakeyAgiruttade; kaccibiDu, kattarisikoLLu, hariduhAku, ityAdigaLu intaha racanegaLu.
kelasa mADisuva vAkya (iTaTaochiuNaioTiciDithi seTiNaeTichie): kELugana mUlaka yAvudAdarondu kelasavannu mADisuvudakkAgi ADuganu baLasuva vAkya (udA: illi banni! horage hOgu!).
kELuga (heciDieDi, cijajaDiessee): ADuganu yAva vyaktiyannuddESisi ondu mAtannu hELiruvanO antaha vyakti A mAtinalli (athavA vAkyadalli) vahisiruva pAtra. kELvi (praSne, iTiNaeDiDiogciNaioTi): kELuganinda yAvudAdarondu sangati yannu tiLidukoLLuvudakkAgi ADuganu baLasuva vAkya. kannaDa dalli mukhyavAgi vAkyakELvi mattu vAkyAnga kELvi embudAgi eraDu rItiya kELvigaLive. vAkyakELviyalli iDI vAkya tiLisuva sangati sariyE athavA allavE embudannu kELalAguttade (rAju bandiddAnO?) mattu vAkyAnga kELviyalli antaha sangatiya ondu amSavannu mAtra kELalAguttade (yAru bandiddAre?). I kELvi yAva angada mEle bILuttade embudannu sUcisalu sAmAnyavAgi vAkyAnga kELvigaLalli yAru, Enu, yAke modalAda aniScita padagaLannu baLasa bEkAguttade. koneghaTaka (gociTa): ondu kadaluvike (calane) yAva jAgakkAgi naDeyuttide embudannu sUcisuva ghaTaka; rAju manege hOda embudaralli manege emba ghaTaka. kriyAvAkya (eveTiNa seTiNaeTichie): ondu ghaTaneyannu tiLisuva vAkya. giDDa svara (hrasvasvara, shoDiNa votieTa): uccarisalu udda svarakkinta svalpa kaDime samaya bEkAguva a, i, u, e illavE o emba svara. gurutisuvike (DiejieDieTichie): ghaTaneyondu naDedide illavE naDeyalide embudannu tiLisabEkAdAga, adaralli toDagiruva vyakti, vastu, modalAdavugaLu yAvuvu embudannU tiLisabEkAguttade. intaha vyakti, vastu modalAdavugaLannu nAmapada illavE nAmapadakantegaLa mUlaka intahavE embudAgi ‘gurutisi’ tiLisalAguttade. idakkAgi vyakti, vastu modalAduvannu hesarisu vudu mattu varNisuvudu emba eraDu vidhAnagaLannu baLasa lAguttade. jAgaghaTaka (ThiTacichie, TaochiciNaioTi): ondu ghaTane elli naDeyuttide embu dannu sUcisuva ghaTaka.
jODisuva rUpa: eraDu vAkyagaLannu jODisi ondE vAkyavannAgi mADabEkAdAga avugaLalli modalaneya vAkyada koneyalli baruva kriyApadadalli kelavomme badalAvaNegaLannu mADikoLLa bEkAguttade. I rIti badalAvaNe mADiruva rUpavannu
jODisuva rUpavendu kareyabahudu; UTa mADi hOda embudaralli mADu kriyApadakke mADi emba jODisuva rUpavide). jODupada (samAsa, chiomThiouTija): eraDu (athavA jAsti) padagaLannu sErisi hosadondu padavannu tayArisidalli adakke jODu padavendu hesaru; nela mattu kaDale emba eraDu padagaLannu sErisi tayArisida nelagaDale embudu averaDakkinta bhinnavAda bEreyE ondu padavAda kAraNa, jODupada. kannaDadalli baLakeyalliruva jODupadagaLella nAmapadagaLE (padakante nODi).
tiLisuva vAkya (TiciDiDiciNaive seTiNaeTichie): yAvudAdarondu ghaTane illavE sangatiyannu itararige tiLisabEkendiruvAga baLasuva rAju manege hOgiddAne embantaha vAkya. nirdESaka pada (jaemoTisNaDiciNaive tioDija): mAtina sannivESadalliruva vyakti, vastu, jAga, samaya modalAdavugaLannu A mAtu sUcisuva ghaTaneyondige sambandhisuva pada. pustaka illide emba vAkyadalli bandiruva illi emba pada pustakada jAgavannu kelavu pAribhAShika padagaLu A vAkyavannADiruva sannivESadalli ADugana hattiraddembudAgi tiLisuvudAda kAraNa adu ondu nirdESaka pada. padakante (ThihDicise): eraDu athavA jAsti padagaLannu sErisi eraDu rItiya racanegaLannu tayArisalu sAdhya. ivugaLalli ondu racane bhASheyalli ondu hosa padavAgi baLakeyAguttade; doDDamma, karihalage, nelagaDale modalAda ‘jODupada’ gaLu intaha racanegaLu; innondu racane padagaLiginta mElina maTTadalli baruttade; doDDa mane, kempu hU, oDeda kannaDi modalAda ‘padakante’gaLu intaha racanegaLu. vyakti, vastu, viShaya, modalAduvannu hesarisi gurutisuvudakkAgi jODu padagaLannU mattu varNisi gurutisuvudakkAgi padakantegaLannU baLasalAguttade. puruShavAcaka pada (ThieDisoTiciTa ThiDioTiouTi): vAkyada ADuga mattu kELuga rannu sUcisuva padagaLu (kannaDada nAnu mattu nInu). pratidhvanisuva racane (echiho-jioDimciNaioTi): ondu padadondige adara pratidhvaniyante tOruva innondu padavannu sErisi baLasu vudu; ATa gITa, mane gine, kallu gillu, ityAdi.
pratinAma (ciTiciThihoDici): omme baLasida padavannu puna: baLasuva badalu, adannE sUcisuvudakkAgi baLasuva bErondu pada; tAnu, avanu ityAdigaLige kannaDadalli intaha baLakeyide. praSnArthaka pada (iTiNaeDiDiogciNaive ThiDioTiouTi): yAru, Enu, yAke, elli modalAdavugaLannu kannaDa vyAkaraNagaLalli ‘praSnArthaka’ padagaLendu kareyuvudu rUDhi. Adare kannaDadalli ivakke heccina baLakegaLallU praSneya (endare kELviya) arthavilla. ivannu praSnArthakagaLendu kareyuva badalu aniScitArthakagaLendu kare yuvudE vAsi. kannaDadalli praSnArthaka vAkyagaLalli khaDDAya vAgiyU baruva svaravinyAsakke mAtravE praSnArthavideyendu hELalu sAdhya. prEraka (chiciuseDi): ondu ghaTaneyannu mADugana mUlaka mADisi koLLuva ghaTaka; jAnaki rAjuvina kayyalli tanna peTTige yannu horisidaLu emba vAkyadalli jAnaki prEraka ghaTaka. badali artha (jaisriuTichiNaioTi): illavE mattu athavA padagaLigiruva mAtina kelasa: bEre bEre rItiya vAkyagaLannu baLasuvudara mUlaka bEre bEre rItiya kelasagaLannu mADalu illavE mADisi koLLalu sAdhyavide. ondu ghaTane illavE sangatiyannu tiLisu vudu (rAju bandiddAne), innobbaninda ondu sangatiyannu tiLidukoLLabEkemba iccheyannu sUcisuvudu (rAju bandi ddAnO?), innobbaninda ondu kelasavannu mADisikoLLu vudu (A pustakavannu illi koDu), beragannu sUcisuvudu (rAju eShTu bEga bandiddAne!) modalAda kelasagaLigAgi bEre bEre rItiya vAkyagaLannu baLasalu sAdhyaviddu, ivella mAtina kelasagaLu. mukhya amSa (jiochius): ondu viShayada kuritAgi vAkyavondu tiLisuva suddiyalli atyanta prAmukhyavAda amSa; kannaDadalli idu nEra vAgi kriyApadada eDakke baruttade. mundina samaya (bhaviShyatkAla, jiuNauDie NaeTise): vAkyavondu tiLisuva ghaTane A vAkyavannADiruva samayada anantara naDeyuvantaha dAdare adaradu ‘mundina’ samaya; rAjuvina manege nAnu hOguttEne emba vAkyadalli hOguva ghaTane A vAkyava nnADiruva samayada anantara naDeyuvudAda kAraNa hOgu ttEne embudu mundina samayada kriyArUpa. yathArthate (mooja): ondu ghaTane naDediruva illavE naDeyaliruva viShayadalli ADuganige entaha AdhAragaLiveyembudannavalambisi adara samayavannu sUcisuva vidhAna. rUDhanAma (chiommoTi TiouTi): samAnateyiruva halavu vyakti illavE vastugaLige rUDhiyalliruva hesaru; baDagi, akka, mara, pennu, ityAdigaLu intahavu. varNisuvudu (jaeschiDiiThiNaioTi): ghaTaneyondaralli toDagiruva vyakti, vastu, viShaya, modalAdavugaLannu hesarisuva badalu varNisi gurutisalu sAdhyavide; sAmAnyavAgi I kelasakkAgi nAmapada kantegaLannu baLasalAguttade. vibhakti pratyaya (chicise sujijiix): vAkyadalli baruva nAmapadavannu kriyA padadondige sambandhisuva pratyaya. vyakti, vastu modalA davugaLu ondu ghaTaneyalli entaha kelasagaLalli niratavAgive embudannu I pratyayagaLu sUcisuttave; rAju tanna pennannu harige koTTa emba vAkyadalli koTTiruva vastu pennu embu kelavu pAribhAShika padagaLu dannu tiLisuva annu pratyaya, mattu adannu paDediruvavanu hari embudannu tiLisuva ge pratyaya, ivu vibhakti pratyayagaLu. viShaya (NaoThiichi): ondu vAkya yAva ghaTakada (illavE vAkyAmSada) kuritAgi suddiyannu tiLisuttideyO A ghaTaka. viShaya vAkya (jicichiNaive seTiNaeTichie): ondu sangatiyannu tiLisuva vAkya. vyavahAra sambandha (ThiDicigmciNaichi DieTaciNaioTi): vAkyada ondu ghaTakakke hindina vAkyada ghaTakavondarondige illavE mAtina sannivESa dondige iruva sambandha (viShaya, suddi, mukhya amSa, hinneNike, ityAdi). vyAkaraNa sambandha (gDicimmciNaichiciTa DieTaciNaioTi): arthasambandha mattu adannu sUcisuva vidhAnagaLa naDuve nEravAda hondANike yillada bhAShegaLalli artha sambandhavannu varNisalu baLasuva kalpita sambandha; intaha bhAShegaLalli vAkyaracaneya niyama gaLannu varNisuvudakkU intaha kalpita sambandhagaLa avaSyakate yide. ingliSh vyAkaraNada subriechiNa, obriechiNa modalAdavu, mattu samskxta vyAkaraNada katrx, karma, karaNa modalAdavu intahavu. kannaDakke intaha kalpita sambandhagaLa avaSyakateyilla. SrutivinyAsa (iTiNaoTiciNaioTi): ondu vAkyavannADuvAga adara uccAraNe gAgi Sruti vinyAsavondannu ArisabEkAguttade. idu kELvi gaLalli, tiLisuva vAkyagaLalli mattu beragannu sUcisuva vAkya gaLalli bEre bErAgiruttade. Sharattu (chioTijaiNaioTi): ondu vAkya tiLisuva ghaTane illavE sangati innondu vAkya tiLisuva ghaTane illave sangatige Sharattu embu dAgi sUcisuva vAkyaracane; maLe bandare kere tumbuttade emba vAkyadalli maLe bandare embudu Sharattu. samaya sambandha (NaeTise): ghaTaneya samayakkU mattu adannu tiLisuva vAkyavannADiruva samayakkU naDuviruva sambandha; hindina samaya, mundina samaya mattu Igina samaya embavugaLu intaha samaya sambandhavannu sUcisuttave. sambandhisuva rUpa (DieTaciNaive chiTaciuse, giTiiNaive) kriyApadagaLannu nAmapadagaLa viSEShaNagaLannAgi mADalu avugaLa sambandhisuva rUpavannu baLasabEkAguttade. udAharaNegAgi, mADu kriyA padakke mADuva, mADida mattu mADada emba mUru sambandhisuva rUpagaLiddu, ivannu mADuva kelasa, mADida kelasa mattu mADada kelasa embantaha padakantegaLalli nAma padagaLa viSEShaNagaLAgi baLasabahudu. idE rItiyalli ondu nAmapadavannu bErondu nAma padada viSEShaNavannAgi mADi baLasalu adara sambandhisuva rUpavannu baLasabahudu; marada gellu embudaralli marada embudu mara nAmapadada sambandhisuva rUpa. kannaDa vyAkaraNagaLalli nAmapadagaLa I rUpavannu ShaShThI vibhaktiya rUpavendu kareyalAgide; Adare nijakkU idu nAmapadagaLa vibhakti rUpavalla; yAkendare, kannaDadalli idakke nAmapada gaLannu kriyApadagaLondige sambandhisuva kelasavilla. savrapada (ThiDiojioDim): vAkyadalli vyakti, vastu modalAduvannu sUcisu vudu, avugaLa kuritu aniScitateyannu tiLisuvudu modalAda kelasagaLigAgi baLakeyAguva padagaLu; adu-idu-yAvudu, alli-illi-elli modalAda padagaLu intahavu.
suddi (chiommeTiNa): ondu viShayada kuritAgi vAkya Enannu tiLisu ttideyO adu; rAju manege hOda embudaralli rAju embudu viShaya mattu manege hOda embudu suddi. surughaTaka (souDichie): ondu kadaluvike (calane) yAva jAgadalli suruvAgideyembudannu sUcisuva ghaTaka; maneyinda bande embudaralli maneyinda embudu surughaTaka. sErikeya badalAvaNe (sandhikArya, moDiThihoThihoTiemichis): eraDu padagaLu illavE ondu pada mattu ondu pratyaya sEridAga avugaLalliruva varNa gaLalli naDeyuva badalAvaNe; banda padakke Aga pada sEridAga modalaneya padada koneya akAra biddu hOgi bandAga endAguvudu intaha ondu sErikeya badalAvaNe. hindina samaya (bhUtakAla, ThicisNa NaeTise): ondu vAkyavu tiLisuva ghaTane A vAkyavannu ADiruva samayakkinta modalu naDedide yAdalli adaradu ‘hindina’ samaya; nAnu UTa mADide emba vAkyadalli UTa mADuva ghaTane A vAkyavannADiruva kAraNa mADide naDedideyAda samayakkinta modalu embudu hindina samayada kriyArUpa. kelavu pAribhAShika padagaLu hinneNike (cijiNaeDi-NahoughNa): vAkyadalli sUcisadidda ghaTaka illavE vAkyAmSavondannu vAkyada koneyalli sUcisuvudu; avanu bandiddAne, beLigge embudaralli beLigge embudu hinneNike. hesarisuvudu (TicimiTig): ghaTaneyondaralli toDagiruva vyakti, vastu modalAdavugaLannu gurutisuvudakkAgi avugaLa hesarondannu (rUDhanAma illavE ankitanAmavannu) baLasuvudu. horavAkya (mciNaDiix seTiNaeTichie): oLavAkyavondannu oLagonDiruvudu rAju hELiddAne embudu yArU barabAradendu horavAkya; oLage hELiddAne embudaralli horavAkya. hOluga (sNaciTijaciDija oji chiomThiciDiisoTi): hOlikeya vAkyavondaralli yAva vyakti, vastu modalAdavugaLondige ondu ghaTakavannu hOlisalAgideyO adu; rAjuviginta doDDa huDuga embudaralli rAju hOluga). AkarasUci grInbagra, je. hec. (sam) 1963. UTiiveDisciTas oji tirumalES, ke.vi. 1979. khaeoDijaeDiiTig DiuTaes iTi EciTiTicijaci ciTija bhaT, Di.en.es. 1978. kannaDa vAkyagaLu: Antarika racane mattu arthavyavasthe. maysUru: gItA buk havs. praymas, bi. 2001. ‘WoDija oDijaeDi NathiThioTaogthi’ : haspelmaTh, em. (sam), —- 2001. kannaDakke bEku kannaDaddE vyAkaraNa. maysUru: bhAShAprakASana. —- 2002. kannaDa padagaLa oLaracane. maysUru: bhAShAprakASana. —- 2003. kannaDada savranAmagaLu. maysUru: bhAShAprakASana. SrIdhar, es. en. 1990. EciTiTicijaci. ayoTijaoTi: khaouNaTaejage. Shiphman, hec. 1983. m DiejieDieTichie gDicimmciDi oji sThioYaeTi EciTiTicijaci.